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1
Elzen, Michael Gerardus Jacobus den. "Global environmental change an integrated modelling approach /." Utrecht : Maastricht : International Books ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1994. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5746.
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2
Leung, Wai-hung, and 梁偉鴻. "Global climate change: environmental implications for Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125343X.
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3
Leung, Wai-hung. "Global climate change : environmental implications for Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17457294.
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4
Дядечко, Алла Миколаївна, Алла Николаевна Дядечко, Alla Mykolaivna Diadechko, Дарина Володимирівна Боронос, Дарина Владимировна Боронос, and Daryna Volodymyrivna Boronos. "Environmental, social and economic aspects of global climate change." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16882.
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5
Боронос, Дарина Володимирівна, Дарина Владимировна Боронос, Daryna Volodymyrivna Boronos, Вікторія Георгіївна Боронос, Виктория Георгиевна Боронос, and Viktoriia Heorhiivna Boronos. "Environmental, social and economic aspects of global climate change." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8127.
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6
Watson, Kevin, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Education and Early Childhood Studies. "Environmental attitudes : the Influence of culture." THESIS_CAESS_EEC_Watson_K.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/727.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Public awareness of environmental problems and the need to work towards their solution have been heightened at international conferences for over two decades.Knowledge of the range of environmental perspectives and attitudes, and understanding the reasons for them, are important requirements for decision-making when dealing with global environmental issues. It is argued that culture may impact on environmental views and attitudes may shape worldwide views that give rise to them.In this study, Australian, Maldivian and Indonesian trainee teacher communities served as sources of data to examine the influence of culture on environmental attitudes. The three communities examined viewed the term 'environment' differently, and that was one reason for different environmental attitudes being exhibited.It was also found that knowledge about environments was obtained from different sources, and some individuals and communities exhibited both pro-New Environmental Paradigm and pro-Human Exemptionalist Paradigm views simultaneously. This is inconsistent with a western view of environmentalism. The findings have implications for environmental education curricula and the negotiation of global environmental issues.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
7
Thomas, Christopher Kent. "Global warming and world ecosystem distribution : toward quantifying ecosystem change." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67126.
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8
Cantin, Danielle 1967. "Response of Pinus banksiana (Lamb.) families to a global change environment." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We examined how fast- and slow-growing families (based on height at 10 years) of Pinus banksiana Lamb. are affected by a climate altered by CO$ sb2$ during their first growing season. Our primary objective was to evaluate the possibility that genotypes performing best under present conditions may not necessarily do best under projected warmer climate. Seedlings were grown for six months in two climatic environments (350 $ mu$L/L CO$ sb2$ x present temperatures and 700 $ mu$L/L CO$ sb2$ x 4$ sp circ$C warmer temperatures) and with 100 ppm and 5 ppm nitrogen.The CO$ sb2$T$ sp circ$ environment had a significant effect on most biomass components of seedlings and water-use efficiency but not on height and other growth variables. The nitrogen fertilization was generally the most significant effect of the treatments for most growth variables.
All the families responded in a similar way to variations in the growing environments except for WUE. Family differences were more important for measurements of height and growth variables than for biomass components. The architecture of seedlings was also highly variable between families. Norm of reaction graphs were built for several growth variables to outline which families were overall most successful in an enriched CO$ sb2$T$ sp circ$ environment. Of the 15 families studied, four of them were classified as most successful in a projected high CO$ sb2$T$ sp circ$ climate.
9
Braganza, Karl 1971. "Climate change detection and attribution using simple global indices." Monash University, School of Mathematical Sciences, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7783.
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10
Li, Ying. "Projecting Future Heat-Related Mortality in the United States under Global Climate Change." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/20.
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Li, Ying, and Joseph Kusi. "Projecting Future Heat-Related Mortality in the United States under Global Climate Change." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Global climate change is anticipated to raise the overall temperatures and is likely to increase future mortality attributable to heat. Predicting future health consequences of higher temperatures at the regional, national and global level based on historical temperature-mortality relationships can be challenging due in part to the uncertainties in the location-specific temperature-mortality relationship, the heat threshold, and how populations will adapt or acclimatize. This study reviews published estimates of the warm season temperature-mortality relationships around the world and explores the heterogeneity in terms of the magnitude of the relationship and the threshold. We also investigate the potential effects of adaptation and acclimatization on the estimates of excess heat-related deaths based on empirical evidence, and propose a method that can be used in future projections to address the uncertainties. This study contributes to the literature of projecting the future public health burden of heat-related effects, which provides valuable information to climate policy decision making.
12
Jiménez, Godínez Miguel Ángel. "Global change and local economic restructuring : the case of Mexico City." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3080/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is about economic transformation in Mexico City between 1980 and 2000. It explores the extent to which Mexico City’s economic restructuring process has been caused by trade liberalisation. The thesis assesses the extent to which industries located in Mexico City reacted to a reorientation in production focus, characterised by the shift from national to international markets. It analyses in detail the pace and geography of neo-liberal economic change, and its effects upon a specific location. It also evaluates the role played by global economic agents in gauging the forces influencing economic restructuring in Mexico, and particularly in Mexico City. At the core of this restructuring process is the change in regional industrial location patterns in Mexico, as well as the decline of manufacturing – with regard to production and employment – in Mexico City and its rise as a service centre. The thesis therefore engages with current debates on new economic geography on the one hand and globalisation on the other, focusing attention on the possible emergence of a group of “global” urban centres embedded in a broader network of cities in developed and developing countries alike, which connect global production circuits and coordinate global/regional markets. More concretely, the thesis focuses on the automotive and consumer electronics industries with the aim of understanding the causes and effects of economic events in terms of location decisions, particularly those made by transnational corporations. By placing the empirical processes of economic restructuring within the theoretical context of trade liberalisation and globalisation, I seek to make an original contribution to social science debates about the way industry reacts to economic signals and how global processes, despite taking place in specific locations, have wide-reaching effects upon social welfare, mainly though the transformation of local labour markets.
13
Lewin, Joanna Alice. "Global Environmental Change and the Politics of Sustainable Consumption in New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2787.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Consumption has emerged as a pivotal concept in environmental sustainability debates. Since the 1992 Earth Summit, there has been an increasing focus on the role that consumption and consumer lifestyles play in global environmental change. Agenda 21 called on countries to promote more 'sustainable consumption' patterns and lifestyles. Despite these recommendations, there are significant political and ideological challenges to implementing effective sustainable consumption policies at a global and national level. This thesis explores the politics of sustainable consumption in New Zealand. Using critical discourse analysis and in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine consumers, I employ post-structural and cultural geography theories to unpack the problematic nature of sustainable consumption. In particular, I examine dominant environmental and consumption discourses to explore why barriers to sustainable consumption exist. It is important to examine these issues from a socio-cultural perspective, as the dominant hegemonic discourses relating to the environment and sustainability shape both policy responses and public understandings of environmental change and sustainability issues. Prevailing policy responses to environmental change in New Zealand construct the 'environmental problem' in narrowly scientific and economic terms. Concern has centred on 'managing' carbon emissions, rather than addressing the underlying drivers of environmental degradation which lie in current political-economic structures and consumption levels. As such, environmental policy has been embedded within an ecological modernisation discourse which links sustainability with notions of 'progress' and efficiency. Under this discourse, the consumer has been repositioned as an important 'political' agent responsible for fostering sustainable consumption and environmental care. Through largely non-political and non-regulatory measures, consumers have been encouraged to reduce their 'carbon footprints' by considering the environmental impacts of their daily personal consumption habits. This approach has individualised and depoliticised environmental issues, obscured the complexities of personal consumption and sustainability, and left limited options for participation in processes of change.
14
Lacy, Mark J. "Security and climate change : international relations and the limits of realism /." London [u.a.] : Routledge, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip051/2004021926.html.
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15
Ogunbode, Charles Adedayo. "Social and personal psychological influences on individual engagement with global climate change." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15519.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this thesis was to examine the way individual responses to global climate change are determined by intrapersonal, social and experiential factors through three streams of research. The first stream employs cross-sectional and experimental methods to demonstrate that the influence of climate change information on behavioural intentions among two African populations is largely conveyed indirectly through perceived threat and concern. My findings support a view that a failure to account for the indirect effects of knowledge may have resulted in a systematic underestimation of its importance as a basis for environmental action. In the second stream, I sought to resolve previous inconsistencies in the evidence for a link between flooding experiences and climate change engagement. Using secondary data analysis, I found that political affiliation modulates the link between flooding experience and preparedness to engage in climate change mitigation behaviour in the UK, such that the indirect links between flooding experience and preparedness to reduce energy use, and willingness to pay higher prices for energy efficient products, was stronger among left-leaning voters. These results were followed up with four experimental studies in which flooding experience was operationalised with a mental simulation technique. The experiments were designed to examine how values and attribution may moderate the effects of flooding experiences on climate change attitudes, but they did not yield any conclusive findings. Finally, I examined the interplay between descriptive and injunctive social norms as influences of behavioural engagement with climate change using cross-sectional and experimental data. I found that social norms may influence behavioural engagement with climate change indirectly through their effects on individuals' perceptions of, and emotional responses to, the problem. However, the nature of this influence may also be dependent on the convergence of the two norm types and the level of individuals' intrinsic prioritization of pro-environmental outcomes.
16
Hayek, Carolyn. "A Framework for Climate Change Policies in the United States." Thesis, Boston College, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/563.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis advisor: Eric StraussThesis advisor: Peter Auger
Climate change is quickly becoming an important global concern with considerable and varied long-term consequences. In order to lessen the effects of this phenomenon it is necessary to institute regulatory policies that control carbon dioxide emissions, since they have been shown to directly correlate with temperature changes. Despite the prevalence of climate change initiatives, both internationally and within the United States, there is no comprehensive national policy with respect to the issue. The public and political conditions in the United States are presently ideal for the institution of a federal climate change policy, the most effective of which involves the incorporation of multiple emissions reductions measures
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2007
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology
Discipline: College Honors Program
17
Norton, L. R. "The responses of plant populations to climate change." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320820.
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18
McKenzie, Janetta. "The Ultimate Collective Problem: Why National Security Can’t Solve Global Climate Change." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17702.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite high adaptive capacity, national climate change legislation in the industrialized world has been varied in its application and success. Many governments and scholars cite national security as grounds for climate change mitigation, despite the indirect threat that climate change poses to traditional security activities. The particular contribution of this thesis will be to discuss the viability of securitization as a strategy for creating a political coalition strong enough to bypass resistant domestic actors (particularly the energy industry) and pass meaningful climate change legislation; whether securitization gives a government enough support, from enough actors, to mitigate climate change. Robyn Eckersley and Peter Christoff’s work on the influence of domestic actors, national discourses, and strategies of capital accumulation on climate change policy development will form the foundation of this thesis. Particular focus will be placed on critical energy infrastructure in both of the case study countries due to its characteristics as a national security priority, its importance to the growth of the economy, and the part that this infrastructure plays in both causing and adapting to climate change. This thesis is attempting to discover the institutions and ideas that may enable a state to tackle one of the biggest and most complex common goods issues in history. In particular, can the invocation of security, as it is proposed in much of the securitization literature, elevate climate change to such a vital position in politics that ‘veto players’ lose their ability to veto? If veto players are more amenable to mitigation when climate change is presented as a security threat, then a more aggressively securitized policy may be called for.
19
Jurgielewicz, Lynne. "Global environmental change and international law : prospects for progress in the legal order." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3175/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis argues that international regimes exist within the international legal order. The use of regime theory to explain international regulation of an issue-area, although first introduced as a legal concept, has been primarily explored in the discipline of international relations. That discipline has for the most part, however, under-emphasised international law. In an effort to promote interdisciplinary research on the nature of the international legal order, this thesis explores the concept of international regimes within the international legal order, using examples of global environmental change. A discussion of the schools of thought within international law is undertaken, with the policy-oriented approach to be utilised in this thesis. The policy-oriented school, which views international law as a process, can incorporate the process of regime formation and development within its framework. An examination of the general international law applicable to climate change and ozone layer depletion is then undertaken, to help explain the need for regime formation in those areas. A discussion of the role of regimes within international law follows, including their formation, maintenance, source of legal obligation, and compliance mechanisms. The strength of a regime's normative or shared expectations, or norms and rules, depends on the shaping of cognitive expectations, or knowledge. These cognitive expectations are in turn dependent on the degree to which uncertainty regarding issues critical to the particular regime has been overcome. An examination of the critical issues particular to climate change and ozone layer depletion is made, as well as how regimes can overcome uncertainty. This is followed by a discussion of regime catalysts. Analyses of the ozone layer depletion and climate change regimes are then made, and an argument for their inclusion as law within the policy-oriented school is made. The thesis concludes that regimes are present within the international legal order and play a vital role in maintaining that order. Thus, this thesis aims to make an original contribution to the discipline of international law through the study of regimes, which signal the presence of the international legal order where it has previously been ignored or deemed nonexistent.
20
Scott, A. H. "'Relevant' social science the case of global environmental change research in UK universities." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549669.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent science policy has stressed the need for academic research to be 'relevant' to the needs of society. Greatest emphasis has been placed on research that supports wealth creation, but other goals such as supporting the quality of life and the effectiveness of public policy have also been highlighted. University research is increasingly seen as a key resource in addressing challenges such as global environmental change. Connected to these developments in science policy, academic commentators have suggested that a new 'mode' of research is emerging - research conducted 'in the context of application'. However, there are significant questions over whether the current organisation of research in the university sector can facilitate this 'relevant' mode of research. This thesis investigates the tensions around the conduct of socially relevant research in British universities. It puts forward a novel conceptual framework for investigating the factors affecting the conduct of relevant research, arguing that researchers are influenced by five factors: academic disciplines, research institutions, research funding sources, personal motivations, and wider policy 'discourses'. The thesis analyses the pressures towards relevant research and the characteristics of such research, which tends to be inter-disciplinary, problem-centred and interactive. The thesis details how the factors identified in the conceptual framework affected the work of a group of social scientists involved in global environmental change research during the 1990s. The thesis demonstrates that 'relevant' research may bring not only a range of benefits but also certain potential 'hazards' to researchers conducting relevant research. There are therefore significant tensions around its implementation, tensions that the thesis suggests can be traced to the institutionalisation of academic research in universities. These tensions have significant implications for the implementation of relevant research in universities
21
Jian, Jinshi. "Global soil respiration: interaction with macroscale environmental variables and response to climate change." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/92195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The response of global soil respiration (Rs) to climate change determines how long the land can continue acting as a carbon sink in the future. This dissertation research identifies how temporal and spatial variation in environmental factors affects global scale Rs modeling and predictions of future Rs under global warming. Chapter 1 describes the recommend time range for measuring Rs across differing climates, biomes, and seasons and found that the best time for measuring the daily mean Rs is 10:00 am in almost all climates and biomes. Chapter 2 describes commonly used surrogates in Rs modeling and shows that air temperature and soil temperature are highly correlated and that they explain similar amounts of Rs variation; however, average monthly precipitation between 1961 and 2014, rather than monthly precipitation for a specific year, is a better predictor in global Rs modeling. Chapter 3 quantifies the uncertainty generated by four different assumptions of global Rs models. Results demonstrate that the time-scale of the data, among other sources, creates a substantial difference in global estimates, where the estimate of global annual Rs based on monthly Rs data (70.85 to 80.99 Pg C yr-1) is substantially lower than the current benchmark for land models (98 Pg C yr-1). Chapter 4 simulates future global Rs rates based on two temperature scenarios and demonstrates that temperature sensitivity of Rs will decline in warm climates where the level of global warming will reach 3°C by 2100 relative to current air temperature; however, these regional decelerations will be offset by large Rs accelerations in the boreal and polar regions. Chapter 5 compares CO2 fluxes from turfgrass and wooded areas of five parks in Blacksburg, VA and tests the ability of the Denitrification-Decomposition model to estimate soil temperature, moisture and CO2 flux across the seasons.
Cumulatively, this work provides new insights into the current and future spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Rs and its relationship with environmental factors, as well as key insights in upscaling methodology that will help to constrain global Rs estimates and predict how global Rs will respond to global warming in the future.Ph. D.
22
Carbonne, Chloé. "Role of environmental variability on the response of Mediterranean corals to global change." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’augmentation du CO2 atmosphérique conduit à des changements physiques et chimiques de l’océan. Les projections du GIEC selon le scénario à fortes émissions RCP8.5, suggèrent un réchauffement de la surface des océans de 3.2°C et une diminution de 0.3 unités de pH à la fin du siècle. Ces changements environnementaux s’accompagnent d’importantes conséquences sur les écosystèmes et les services rendus aux humains. La mer Méditerranée est un « hotspot » du changement global avec une prévision d’augmentation de la température de surface de la mer de +20% comparé aux projections globales, accompagné d’une augmentation d'événements extrêmes comme les vagues de chaleur marines. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de déterminer les effets de la variabilité environnementale présente et future sur des coraux Méditerranéens. Des populations naturelles de coraux vivant au niveau d’évents de CO2 à Ischia (Italie) sont utilisées. Une acidification locale de l’eau de mer survient autour de ces évents, avec des valeurs de pH proches de celles qui sont attendues pour la fin du siècle. Les deux espèces étudiées : Cladocora caespitosa (zooxanthellé) et Astroides calycularis (azooxanthellé), ont une grande importance pour la conservation de part leur statut d’espèces fondatrices. Les principales questions de l’étude sont: (1) comment les conditions présentes et futures de températures et/ou de pH affectent la physiologie des deux espèces à différents stades de vie (adultes, gamétogenèse, larves et recrues) et (2) est-ce que l’exposition à un pH bas peut augmenter la tolérance des coraux face à une future acidification. Afin de répondre à ces questions, nous avons combiné l’analyse de données environnementales, l’étude sur le terrain et des expériences de laboratoire avec contrôle de température et de pH. Ma thèse se focalise en premier lieu sur la réponse des colonies adultes face au réchauffement de l’océan, avec l’acquisition des réponses physiologiques et le rétablissement des deux coraux à un réchauffement et à des vagues de chaleur marines simulées en laboratoire à partir de données réelles. Nous avons ensuite étudié, si l’exposition au pH bas des évents de CO2 procurait une tolérance à l’acidification chez les deux espèces. Cette thèse s’applique également à identifier l’impact du changement global sur la reproduction sexuelle et les premiers stades de vie des deux espèces de coraux. Dans un premier temps, j’ai étudié le développement et la croissance post fixation de larves d’A. calycularis face au réchauffement et à l’acidification. Puis, j’ai testé l’hypothèse selon laquelle des larves provenant des évents de CO2 présentaient une tolérance à l’acidification. L’expression des gènes entre les populations et les traitements de pH en laboratoire a également été étudiée. Enfin, une comparaison des gamètes de C. caespitosa provenant des évents de CO2 et d’un site ambient a été effectuée par analyse histologique afin de savoir si le pH a un impact sur la gamétogenèse et le ponte. Nos résultats suggèrent que les impacts du réchauffement et de l’acidification sur les colonies adultes de C. caespitosa et A. calycularis sont modérées, avec une tolérance à l’acidification et un rétablissement après les températures estivales. Par contre, l’impact sur les premiers stades de vie d’A. calycularis et la reproduction de C. caespitosa est inquiétant et pourrait compromettre le maintien des populations. Mes résultats suggèrent que C. caespitosa and A. calycularis vivants au niveau des évents de CO2 de Ischia, ne sont pas acclimatés à l’acidification de l’eau de mer. De plus, cette exposition à des pH bas affecterait la physiologie des individus et la croissance de la population. Étant donné la sensibilité des deux espèces de coraux au changement global, ma thèse souligne un risque de changement de composition des communautés méditerranéennes dans un futur proche et une urgence à établir des mesures de conservation et un suivi à long termeThe increase of atmospheric CO2 is driving changes in the ocean’s physical and chemical properties. The projections by the IPCC under the high CO2 emission scenario RCP 8.5 suggest global sea surface temperature warming of 3.2°C and a decrease in pH of 0.3 units by the end of the century. Such changes have important consequences for ecosystems and the services they provide to humans. The Mediterranean Sea is a hot-spot of global change with warming sea surface temperature projected to be 20% higher than global projections and an increase in extreme events such as marine heatwaves. The main goal of this thesis is to determine the effects of present and future coastal environmental conditions on Mediterranean corals. Natural populations of corals from two volcanic CO2 vents in Ischia (Italy) are used. Local acidification of seawater occurs around the vents with pH values close to those expected by the end of the century. This research is focused on two Mediterranean long-lived corals that have key relevance for conservation as habitat-forming species: the zooxanthellate Cladocora caespitosa and the azooxanthellate Astroides calycularis. The main research questions are: (1) how present-day and future warming and/or acidification affect the physiology of Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis at every life stage (adult, gametogenesis, larvae, and recruits) and (2) does previous exposure to low pH at CO2 vents enhance their tolerance to future ocean acidification. To answer these questions, we combined environmental data, ecological field surveys at CO2 vent sites and reference sites with ambient pH, and laboratory experiments with controlled temperature and pH. This thesis provides new insights into the responses of adult colonies to warming on. I assess the physiological impact and potential recovery to different warming scenarios and heatwaves events, based on nine years of temperature data collected at the study site. I then study whether past exposure to low pH conditions confers tolerance to ocean acidification on the two species, with colonies sampled at the CO2 vent and ambient pH sites and maintained in the laboratory under present day and low pH conditions. I also focus on sexual reproduction and early life stages of the two Mediterranean corals to better understand how they respond to ocean warming and acidification. First, I characterize the development and post-settlement growth of larvae of A. calycularis under high and ambient temperatures and ambient and low pH. I then take a closer look at tolerance to acidification by exposing larvae from the CO2 vents and ambient pH site to different pH conditions. I also explore whether differences in gene expression between the populations and pH treatments exist. Finally, I compare gametogenesis of C. caespitosa’s colonies from the CO2 vent and ambient sites through histological analysis to test the impact of low pH on gametogenesis and spawning. The results suggest that the impacts of warming and acidification on adult colonies of C. caespitosa and A. calycularis are moderate, with a tolerance to acidification and a recovery after summer heat. However, the impact of global change on the early life stages of A. calycularis and on the reproduction of C. caespitosa is worrying and could compromise the sustainability of the populations. My results suggest that C. caespitosa and A. calycularis living at the CO2 vents sites of Ischia are not acclimatized to ocean acidification. Furthermore, exposure to low pH at the vent sites impairs individuals’ physiology (reproduction, early life stages development, morphology of the colony) and population growth. Given the susceptibility of both species to global change, the results highlight the risk of changes in the composition of Mediterranean communities in the near future and the urge to establish general conservation measures and long-term monitoring
23
Uhre, Andreas Nordang. "On Transnational Actor Participation in Global Environmental Governance." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89748.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The formal access of transnational actors (TNA) to international organizations (IO) has increased steadily over the past five decades, and a growing body of literature is at the moment concerned with the theoretical and normative implications of these developments. However, very little is known as of yet about who the TNAs in global governance are, where they come from, which issue areas they focus on, and when and where they choose to participate. Using analytical tools from interest group theory, in particular a subfield called population ecology, this study describes and explains the chronological development of two populations of TNAs in global governance, namely the observer communities of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. TNAs’ financial resources and their geographical proximity to global governance venues emerge as important factors influencing their capacity to participate, causing these TNA populations to be stratified and volatile.
24
Nordrum, Amy L. "“War on Global Warming”: Militarized Language in Environmental Journalism." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1273610932.
Повний текст джерела
25
Valverde, A. L. James 1965. "Uncertain inference, estimation, and decision-making in integrated assessments of global climate change." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44499.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-204).
by L. James Valverde A., Jr.
Ph.D.
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Belmont, Jonathon. "The study of carbon and nutrients in forests : a foundation for examining global change /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3162225.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2004.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 1, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-01, Section: B, page: 0177. Chair: J. C. Randolph.
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Comte, Adrien. "Coral reefs ecosystem services under global environmental change : interdisciplinary approaches to guide science and action." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0002/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les changements environnementaux globaux (CEG) menacent les écosystèmes marins et les populations humaines qui en dépendent. Une recherche scientifique croissante tente d’évaluer les impacts des changements environnementaux sur les écosystèmes et les services écosystémiques, notamment pour guider les politiques publiques. Focalisée sur les systèmes socio-écologiques (SSE) des récifs coralliens, cette thèse analyse les approches proposées dans la littérature et conçoit de nouvelles méthodologies, évaluations et indicateurs pour guider la science et l’action publique. Nous montrons qu’une stratégie de recherche régionale doit prendre en compte la complexité et produire de meilleures projections des impacts des CEG sur les récifs coralliens et les services associés. Nous cartographions des indicateurs à l’échelle globale pour évaluer où la dépendance des sociétés aux récifs coralliens sera affectée par les menaces globales dues à un niveau de CO2 élevé. Nous analysons comment la science répond aux impacts des CEG sur les récifs coralliens et nous identifions des pistes pour la recherche. Enfin, nous opérationnalisons une facette de la vulnérabilité, la capacité d’adaptation écologique, pour servir d’outil pour évaluer l’effectivité des actions locales dans un contexte de CEG. Ce manuscrit contribue à des avancées théoriques et méthodologiques sur l’évaluation des impacts, de la vulnérabilité et de l’adaptation aux CEG. Il développe des approches interdisciplinaires pour l’étude des SSE et des services écosystémiques, ciblant les récifs coralliens comme étude de cas. Enfin, il analyse l’émergence d’un champ scientifique sur les solutions aux GEC pour les récifs coralliensGlobal environmental change (GEC) in the ocean threatens marine ecosystems and the people who depend on them. A growing scientific effort is attempting to evaluate the impacts of environmental changes on ecosystems and ecosystem services and guide policy-making to respond to this global issue. Focusing on social-ecological systems of coral reefs, this thesis critically reviews the approaches put forward in the literature to understand gaps and to design new methodologies, assessments, and indicators to guide science and policy. Our findings show that a regionally targeted strategy of research should address complexity and provide more realistic projections about the impacts of GEC on coral reefs ecosystems and ecosystem services. We map global-scale indicators to understand where human dependence on coral reef ecosystems will be affected by globally-driven threats expected in a high-CO2 world. We then analyze how science is responding to the challenge posed by GEC on coral reefs and to identify gaps in research.Finally, we attempt to operationalize an overlooked component of vulnerability assessments, ecological adaptive capacity, to serve as a tool to help assess where local actions can be effective in the context of climate change. This manuscript contributes to theoretical and methodological advances to evaluate impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to GEC. It develops interdisciplinary approaches for the study of social-ecological systems and ecosystem services, targeting coral reefs as a case study. Finally, it synthesizes critically the emergence of a scientific field on solutions to GEC for coral reef social-ecological systems
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Street, Jalika C. "Predicting Ecological Behavior in the Era of Climate Change." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/84.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The most devastating effects of climate change may be avoided if humans reduce activities that produce greenhouse gases and engage instead in more sustainable ecological behaviors. The current mixed methods study of 279 undergraduate students explored whether environmental worldview, belief in climate change, knowledge of climate change, personal efficacy, and intention to address climate change influenced participants’ engagement in ecological behavior. Results indicated that those with a stronger intention to address climate change and a more ecocentric worldview reported significantly more ecological behavior. Next, the study examined whether participants’ intentions to address climate change mediated the relationship between their belief in climate change and engagement in ecological behavior and whether intentions mediated the relationship between efficacy and ecological behavior. Intentions to address climate change did not mediate the relationship between belief and ecological behavior but fully mediated the relationship between efficacy to address climate change and ecological behavior.
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Rasetti, Michele. "Global economic and environmental consequences of the European biofuels policy." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Per molti anni i biocarburanti sono stati considerati un’alternativa verde e sostenibile ai carburanti fossili allo scopo di ridurre le emissioni di gas ad effetto serra (GHG) nel settore dei trasporti. Per questa ragione, negli ultimi anni, molte politiche europee hanno promosso la produzione e il consumo di biocarburanti. Tuttavia recentemente sono sorti dubbi sulla loro effettiva sostenibilità. In particolare, molti studi scientifici affermano che se aggiungiamo alle emissioni che derivano dal ciclo di vita dei biocarburanti, quelle provenienti dal cambiamento d’uso del suolo indiretto (iLUC), i benefici ambientali di alcuni biocarburanti potrebbero assottigliarsi notevolmente.
Alimentato da questi dubbi, l’obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di prevedere le conseguenze economico-ambientali a livello globale di un aumento di consumo di biodiesel in Europa dal 2001 al 2020, applicando i parametri stabiliti dalla Direttiva RED e verificare se i criteri di sostenibilità definiti dalla RED stessa verranno soddisfatti.
A questo scopo, è stato utilizzato il modello di equilibrio generale GTA-BIO, un modello in grado di analizzare i collegamenti tra biocarburanti, agricoltura, commercio internazionale e le conseguenze ambientali in termini di cambiamento d’uso del suolo ed emissioni.
I risultati della simulazione confermano i dubbi della letteratura scientifica sulla sostenibilità dei biocarburanti di prima generazione.
La domanda di biodiesel in Europa dopo l’implementazione degli obiettivi della RED risulterebbe essere così elevata che la UE necessiterebbe di aumentare fortemente l’importazione di materie prime per la produzione di biodiesel, una delle cause della perdita prevista di benessere economico. Inoltre, l’incremento del consumo di biodiesel in Europa dovrebbe comportare una diversione di intermedi e fattori produttivi da altri settori, soprattutto da quelli che competono per la terra. La diminuzione dell’offerta di piante destinate all’alimentazione umana o alla mangimistica (poiché sostituite da piante per biocarburanti) causa un aumento dei loro prezzi e di quelli degli output che dovrebbero originare (cibo e mangimi). Il conflitto tra il settore del cibo e quello dei biocarburanti è la forza motrice del cambiamento d’uso del suolo indiretto; infatti, all’aumentare dei prezzi delle commodities agricole, i produttori hanno interesse ad aumentarne la produzione su terreni precedentemente non agricoli (es. foreste e pascoli). Secondo la simulazione, la maggior parte del cambiamento d’uso del suolo avviene in Europa, soprattutto a discapito delle foreste. Le emissioni totali di GHG che ne conseguono si attestano sui 168 gCO2/MJ all’anno per 20 anni, il che significherebbe il mancato rispetto dei requisiti di riduzione delle emissioni stabilite dalla RED.For many years, biofuels have been considered a cleaner, greener alternative to fossil fuels in order to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation sector. For this reason, in recent years, many European policies has tried to promote biofuels production and consumption. However, some concerns on the actual sustainability of biofuels have arisen. In particular, scientific studies have pointed out that additional emissions from indirect land-use change (iLUC) could cancel out biofuels benefits on climate change. Fueled by these concerns, the objective of this dissertation is to forecast the global economic and environmental consequences of an increase in European biodiesel consumption from 2001 to 2020 levels, applying the parameters established by the EU RE Directive and verify if the sustainability criteria imposed by the RED itself will be satisfied. For this purpose, I used the GTAP-BIO general equilibrium model, a model capable of analyzing the linkages between biofuels, agriculture, international trade, and the environmental consequences in terms of land-use change and greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. The results of the simulation confirm the already strong concerns on the sustainability of first generation biofuels brought to light by other scientific studies. The demand of biodiesel in Europe after the implementation of the RED targets is so high that the EU needs to import heavily biodiesel feedstock from other regions and this is one of the causes which entails a welfare loss. Additionally, the increase in biodiesel consumption in the European Union entails a diversion of intermediates products and factor endowments from other sectors, in particular for those sectors that compete for land. The decrease in supply for food and feed crops (which are substituted by fuel crops) drives their prices (and the relative output prices i.e. food/feed) to go up. The conflict between food and biofuel sectors is also the driving force for the indirect land use change (iLUC), which is a market-mediated effect, since the price increase creates incentives to convert areas formerly not used for food production (i.e. forests and pasture) into agricultural land. We estimate that most cropland conversion arises within Europe, mainly at the expense of forests. Looking at the GHG emissions triggered by these land use changes, the results suggest a total emission of 168 gCO2/MJ per year over 20 years of biodiesel production, which would mean that the GHG reduction requirements established by the policies could not be fulfilled.
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Morgan, Brett J. R. "Think Global, Reconfigure the Local: How Intermediaries Articulate Pro-Environmental Values and Practices." Thesis, Department of Gender and Cultural Studies, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contemporary debates about the conservation of natural ecosystems and resources owe most of their influence to the rise of sustainable development, or, sustainability. Since its inception, ‘sustainability’ has become the dominant paradigm for addressing global ecological problems, as well as a strong motivator for changing patterns of behaviour at the level of individual people. The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) introduced this framework into global proenvironmental discourse in 1987, and it has since been the source of many debates and discussions within and between academic disciplines. One of the central issues has been the opposition between agency and structure. This is the problem of whether to appeal to agency (theories of individual behaviour change) or structure (theories of social practice) when addressing global environmental problems, as these fields are generally characterised as necessarily opposed to one another. However, each of them at least conceives of a particular kind of agency, meaning that both make an appeal to ‘the individual’ in one way or another. The ultimate aim of this thesis, then, is to reconfigure the way in which individual people are framed by and thus implicated in contemporary discussions about sustainability. In order to do this, I will be drawing heavily on Pierre Bourdieu’s (1984) concept of the ‘cultural intermediary,’ as well as Stuart Hall’s (cf. Grossberg, 1986) theory of ‘articulation.’ I propose a framework that characterises proenvironmental groups as ‘intermediaries,’ as each of these groups acts as a ‘mediator’ or ‘point of articulation’ between the structural dimensions of sustainability and the individual people that they address. I will analyse this framework by appealing to two close studies of two different intermediaries: Greenpeace, and its ‘Save the Reef’ campaign, and Sydney’s Inner West Council, and its ‘Home Eco Challenge.’
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Watson, Kevin. "Environmental attitudes : the Influence of culture." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/727.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Public awareness of environmental problems and the need to work towards their solution have been heightened at international conferences for over two decades.Knowledge of the range of environmental perspectives and attitudes, and understanding the reasons for them, are important requirements for decision-making when dealing with global environmental issues. It is argued that culture may impact on environmental views and attitudes may shape worldwide views that give rise to them.In this study, Australian, Maldivian and Indonesian trainee teacher communities served as sources of data to examine the influence of culture on environmental attitudes. The three communities examined viewed the term 'environment' differently, and that was one reason for different environmental attitudes being exhibited.It was also found that knowledge about environments was obtained from different sources, and some individuals and communities exhibited both pro-New Environmental Paradigm and pro-Human Exemptionalist Paradigm views simultaneously. This is inconsistent with a western view of environmentalism. The findings have implications for environmental education curricula and the negotiation of global environmental issues.
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Bunn, Andrew Godard. "Temporal and spatial patterns at alpine treeline in the Sierra Nevada USA implications for global change /." Diss., Restricted to MSU On campus access only, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/bunn/BunnA0805.pdf.
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James, Rachel Anne. "Implications of global warming for African climate." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5c49af92-1739-422c-b8f2-e4433c792cc6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A 2°C increase in global mean temperature (ΔTg) has been widely adopted as a benchmark for dangerous climate change. However, there has been a lack of research into the implications of 2°C, or any other degree of warming, for Africa. In this thesis changes in African temperature and precipitation associated with 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C, and beyond are investigated for the first time, using output from 350 climate model experiments: a collection of simulations from international modelling centres (CMIP3), two Perturbed Physics Ensembles (PPEs), and a group of five regional models. The models project temperature and precipitation anomalies which increase in magnitude and spatial extent as global temperature rises, including a wet signal in East Africa, and drier conditions for African rainforests. The models consistently show that the evolution of change with global warming is gradual, even at 4°C and beyond; but the amplitude and direction of precipitation change at each ΔTg increment vary between models and between datasets. The PPEs project precipitation signals which are not represented by CMIP3, in particular a large drying (>0.5 mm day-1 °C-1) of western Africa. There are also important differences between global and regional models, especially in southern and West Africa (>1 mm day-1). Analysis of atmospheric circulation responses suggests that the higher resolution projections are no more credible in this case. Some of the variation between models can be understood as the result of untrustworthy simulations, leading to constraints on the PPEs, and casting doubt on the strong drying of west Sahel; but model evaluation is found to be limited by observations in the case of the Congo Basin. The implications of global warming are different depending on which models are consulted. The findings emphasise that caution should be exercised in the application of climate model data to inform mitigation debates.
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Tousignant, Denise. "Selection response to global change of Brassica juncea (L.) czern." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69693.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The potential for an adaptive response to global climatic change was evaluated for an annual C$ sb3$ weed, Brassica juncea, by performing a selection on fecundity for eight generations. During the selection, atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature were gradually increased from current levels (370 $ rm mu L cdot L sp{-1}$ CO$ sb2$, 20$ sp circ$C) to conditions predicted during the next century by climate models (650 $ rm mu L cdot L sp{-1}$ CO$ sb2$, 23.6$ sp circ$C) including heat stress events at 32$ sp circ$C/26$ sp circ$C day/night), At the end of the selection, a reciprocal transplant experiment was conducted to identify genetic differences between control selection lines of plants and those selected under increasing CO$ sb2$ and temperature. I observed a genetic adaptation of early vegetative growth elevated CO$ sb2$ and temperature, which resulted in to 63% more biomass and 11% higher photosynthetic rates. Reproductive biomass, however, was decreased during the selection, mainly due to temperature stress, which disrupted flower development and induced strong maternal effects, counteracting the selection on fecundity.
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LARREA, Gonzalo. "Climate change and development : the global administrative law of the UNFCCC financial mechanism." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Defence date: 24 February 2022Examining Board : Prof. Joanne Scott (European University Institute); Prof. Deirdre Curtin (European University Institute); Prof. Mar Campins (University of Barcelona); Prof. Peer Zumbansen (McGill University)
This research deals with the legal responsibility of states to provide climate finance to developing countries in order to facilitate climate mitigation and adaptation. The research demonstrates that the area of climate finance has not escaped globalization, where global actors operating at a level beyond the state (the UNFCCC and several Climate Funds) have increasingly taken over some of the climate finance functions previously performed by states. Against this backdrop, the thesis also examines the role of international bodies in providing climate finance, assesses to what extent these bodies are accountable to affected local stakeholders, and puts forward recommendations to foster increased accountability. The research project employs Global Administrative Law (GAL) as a normative framework for assessing and fostering accountability. This thesis is relevant, first and foremost, as an examination of the extent to which global climate finance is adequate for addressing climate change impacts in developing countries. To this end, it engages in a detailed analysis of the international legal framework for climate change and of the relevant financial instruments. It also engages in a normative evaluation of these instruments using the standards proposed by GAL. In keeping with this, the research gives substance and a better definition to these standards. As such, the thesis has the potential to contribute not only to the literature on climate finance, but also to the literature on GAL. It also sheds light on the relationship between climate finance and GAL, a topic that has been largely neglected in the academic literature so far.
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Hadley, Kershaw Eleanor. "Co-producing Future Earth : ambiguity and experimentation in the governance of global environmental change research." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49869/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this thesis is to investigate efforts to transform global environmental change research through co-design and co-production (involving non-academic actors in research governance and conduct). Social scientific work to date on this topic has largely taken an evaluative perspective, outlining challenges of and guidelines for co-production on the ground. By contrast, there is little work on how co-production is conceptualised and put into practice through (international) research governance. Yet institutions aiming to govern research are significant arbiters of meaning and power; their efforts to change research are worthy of investigation. The thesis is based on a qualitative case study of Future Earth, a major international research initiative on global environmental change (GEC) and sustainability. Future Earth is unique in its ambition to internationally coordinate and co-design/co-produce new GEC/sustainability research at a global scale. The study is grounded in co-productionist, interpretive science and technology studies, drawing on ideas about political imaginaries of science and experimental approaches to engagement. It is based on thematic analysis of data from documents, interviews, focus groups and observation of Future Earth’s emergence and development between 2010 and 2015. The analysis suggests that visions of Future Earth were ambitious, diverse and sometimes ambiguous, evoking two potential institutional forms: a unified, cohesive ‘flagship’, or a ‘rich tapestry’ of varied initiatives. Ambiguity persisted in how co-production and related concepts were understood, with varying definitions motivated by different rationales for increased (or limited) involvement of non-academic stakeholders, from ensuring relevance to democratising expertise to preserving the objectivity or independence of science. These notions of appropriate engagement were underpinned by disparate conceptions of the value of research (as a service to society, site of democratic deliberation, or public good), reproducing (and challenging) established models of science and democracy. The thesis argues that, from an experimental perspective, this ambiguity in visions of (co-production in) Future Earth can be seen to enable flexibility and allow differences to co-exist. This might require new, perhaps radical, thinking about how to organise, conduct and value research and its outcomes, with an increased emphasis on fostering, appreciating and productively working with diversity and institutional indeterminacy.
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Lunch, Claire Kerl. "Primary productivity in an annual grassland ecosystem : responses to global change and local environmental variation /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Bosello, Francesco <1968>. "Mitigation and adaptation strategies in response to global climate change: three essays in environmental economics." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/618.
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Cocking, Christopher. "Raising awareness of global environmental change : a comparison of perceived efficacy of involvement in direct and indirect environmental collective action." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298147.
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Steynor, Anna C. "The impact of global climate change on the runoff and ecological sustainability of the Breede River." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6754.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-111).The Breede River catchment in the South Western Cape is already under pressure for its water resources due to its supporting a variety of different land uses. The predominant land use in this catchment is agriculture, which demands the majority of river water for irrigation. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry are currently investigating the future demand for water from the river, in this respect it is important to know what effect climate change will have on the change in river flow. Self Organising Maps (SOMs) are used to identify changes in the circulation systems contributing to the rainfall of the region and from this the potential change is assessed for the Breede River flow under future climate change. It is assessed that the runoff in the Breede River is expected to change under all the models of ECHAM4, CSIRO and HadAM. The magnitude of this alteration is calculated by using the change in the SOM node frequencies between the present and the future data. This is then subtracted from the present runoff data supplied by DWAF. A source of runoff decrease in the future is agricultural irrigation. The increase in irrigation under climate change is determined by inserting future climate data into an agricultural model. Once the increased amount of water used in irrigation is determined, it is subtracted from the projected future runoff. From this it is determined whether the river will be ecologically sustainable under climate change.
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Young, Shona Linda. "Effects of global climate change on the recruitment of Anchovy in the Southern Benguela upwelling system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9749.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographical references.Changes to global climate patterns, as predicted by many climatologists, will impact on ecosystems in numerous ways. The nutrient-rich waters of marine upwelling environments enable prolific plankton growth, which in turn supports vast shoals of pelagic fish. The nutrient supply is dependent on the strength and direction of winds, which govern the upwelling process as well as turbulence. A change in climate may thus affect the food supply and feeding conditions required by pelagic fish populations. This thesis investigates predicted changes in wind patterns in the southern Benguela system and assesses how these changes may impact on the recruitment of the Cape anchovy, Engraulis capensis. A general circulation model (NCAR Climate System Model) is used to compare a future simulation under double C02 conditions with a simulation of the present day wind regime. Climate change effects on anchovy in the other main upwelling systems, off the coasts of California, Peru and Morocco are also examined. Wind speeds and turbulence off the Agulhas Bank in the southern Benguela system are expected to remain suitable and potentially become even more conducive to spawning in the future. The results show similar mean wind speeds to present day values, a decrease in mean turbulence, a decrease in the frequency of extreme wind speeds and a decrease in the frequency of extreme turbulence during the anchovy spawning season (i.e. September-February). An increase in Lasker events is expected at the Eastern Bank Grid Cell, which suggests that this area may become the preferred spawning habitat in the future. The Cape Town Grid Cell also shows suitable conditions in the future simulation for anchovy spawning and may thus become an alternative spawning location. The West Coast shows an increase in alongshore wind stress and thus an increase in upwelling in the future simulation from November - February. This is likely to increase planktonic food availability and ultimately anchovy recruitment. Future simulations from the Climate System Model show that the upwelling systems off the coasts of California, Peru and Morocco are likely to continue supporting anchovy spawning and may become even more suitable in terms of wind and turbulence regimes.
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Yang, Qian. "Applications of Satellite Geodesy in Environmental and Climate Change." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6440.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Satellite geodesy plays an important role in earth observation. This dissertation presents three applications of satellite geodesy in environmental and climate change. Three satellite geodesy techniques are used: high-precision Global Positioning System (GPS), the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). In the first study, I use coastal uplift observed by GPS to study the annual changes in mass loss of the Greenland ice sheet. The data show both spatial and temporal variations of coastal ice mass loss and suggest that a combination of warm atmospheric and oceanic condition drove these variations. In the second study, I use GRACE monthly gravity change estimates to constrain recent freshwater flux from Greenland. The data show that Arctic freshwater flux started to increase rapidly in the mid-late 1990s, coincident with a decrease in the formation of dense Labrador Sea Water, a key component of the deep southward return flow od the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Recent freshening of the polar oceans may be reducing formation of Labrador Sea Water and hence may be weakening the AMOC. In the third study, I use InSAR to monitor ground deformation caused by CO2 injection at an enhanced oil recovery site in west Texas. Carbon capture and storage can reduce CO2 emitted from power plants, and is a promising way to mitigate anthropogenic warming. From 2007 to 2011, ~24 million tons of CO2 were sequestered in this field, causing up to 10 MPa pressure buildup in a reservoir at depth, and surface uplift up to 10 cm. This study suggests that surface displacement observed by InSAR is a cost-effective way to estimate reservoir pressure change and monitor the fate of injected fluids at waste disposal and CO2 injection sites.
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Vladimirova, Ekaterina. "Values for sustainable future: transforming values in the context of climate change and global environmental degradation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241295.
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Iniesta-Arandia, Irene, Federica Ravera, Stephanie Buechler, Isabel Díaz-Reviriego, María E. Fernández-Giménez, Maureen G. Reed, Mary Thompson-Hall, et al. "A synthesis of convergent reflections, tensions and silences in linking gender and global environmental change research." SPRINGER, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622830.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This synthesis article joins the authors of the special issue "Gender perspectives in resilience, vulnerability and adaptation to global environmental change" in a common reflective dialogue about the main contributions of their papers. In sum, here we reflect on links between gender and feminist approaches to research in adaptation and resilience in global environmental change (GEC). The main theoretical contributions of this special issue are threefold: emphasizing the relevance of power relations in feminist political ecology, bringing the livelihood and intersectionality approaches into GEC, and linking resilience theories and critical feminist research. Empirical insights on key debates in GEC studies are also highlighted from the nine cases analysed, from Europe, the Americas, Asia, Africa and the Pacific. Further, the special issue also contributes to broaden the gender approach in adaptation to GEC by incorporating research sites in the Global North alongside sites from the Global South. This paper examines and compares the main approaches adopted (e.g. qualitative or mixed methods) and the methodological challenges that derive from intersectional perspectives. Finally, key messages for policy agendas and further research are drawn from the common reflection.
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VLADIMIROVA, EKATERINA. "Values for sustainable future: transforming values in the context of climate change and global environmental degradation." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200999.
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This dissertation is an interdisciplinary project aimed to explore normative and empirical dimensions and underpinnings of a societal transformation towards sustainability and the underlying value shift in developed countries. This study attempted to build a holistic perspective of a value shift towards sustainability by tackling a constellation of approaches from philosophy and ethics, social and political sciences, international relations. The project looked into how a value shift could be a response to climate change and global environmental crisis, what gaps in the existing system of values should be addressed and what values should be developed, how values can be changed at individual and collective levels, what actors can advance the transformation and which tools they can employ. Finally, the project explored how environmental non-governmental organizations can advance sustainability values to the general public and also analyzed climate change campaigns of the WWF and Greenpeace in order to identify which values these organizations promote to the public through their outreach efforts.
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Matsuzawa, Setsuko. "The transnational diffusion of global environmental concerns via INGOs in China a new framework for understanding diffusion in authoritarian contexts /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3259055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 11, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-197).
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Hooten, Mevin B. "Hierarchical spatio-temporal models for ecological processes." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4500.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (April 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Herbstein, Tom Philip. "Insurance and the Anthropocene: like a frog in hot water." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16571.
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Includes bibliographical referencesThis thesis explores the relationship between the commercial insurance industry, global environmental change (GEC) and what Beck (1992; 1999) termed the 'risk society'. In recent decades, there have been growing concerns that many of the risks impacting contemporary society have undergone fundamental changes. Many of these risks are increasingly being linked to the unintended consequences of humankind's remarkable progress in science and technology, and have been described as debounded, given that they so often transcend both geographical and temporal boundaries (Beck 1992). Within the risk society, the commercial insurance industry - which relies on statistical (actuarial) analysis to help it assess and manage its risk exposure - has been described as demarcating the frontier barrier between bounded (i.e. insurable) and debounded (i.e. uninsurable) risk. However, this claim has been a highly contested one, leading to calls for more empirical data to help clarify how commercial insurance is actually responding under conditions of uncertainty. Of all the debounded risks, GEC has emerged as one of the risk society's most recognisable. Now understood to be a result of the anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gasses, particularly since the onset of the industrial revolution, its impacts have risen so sharply in recent decades that it has prompted claims that Earth has moved away from the era of the Holocene and into the Anthropocene (Crutzen 2002). Given that at least 40% of the cost of environmental catastrophes is now borne by commercial insurance, GEC provides an excellent opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of how the industry is responding to debounded risk at the risk society's frontier barrier. Early commentators suggested that the commercial insurance industry would be well motivated to respond proactively to GEC, by taking a more mitigative approach to managing its drivers at both the global and local levels. However, the industry, so far, has been described as more adaptive of its own business activities than mitigative. This raises questions about whether such claims are true across all three of the insurance industry's activities - as risk carriers, risk managers and as investors, why they have responded in such ways, and what implications this has for broadening our understanding of the complex relationship between commercial insurance, debounded risk and the risk society's frontier barrier. To consider these questions, a collective case study was undertaken with a variety of commercial insurance companies, re-insurers, asset managers, clients, brokers, industry associations and regulators across South Africa, Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Belgium. The research identified how commercial insurers have indeed responded more by adaptation of their business activities than mitigation of the drivers of GEC. This is mainly through the use of defensive underwriting to help them manage their exposure. However, the research extends this analysis by highlighting some of the nuances of the industry's response. This includes its focus on centralisation, the influence of the existing paradigm framing its understanding of risk, and by highlighting the irony that the area of insurers' activities, initially believed to be most suited for responding to GEC (i.e. their investment portfolios), have, in practice, been the area recording the least response. In exploring why this is so, the study draws on understandings of the Anthropocene to argue that commercial insurers are finding their existing risk assessment tools progressively out-dated in a world where risk is no longer as predictable as it once was. This is further compounded by increasingly plural access to the risk society's science and technologies, which, in some instances, are undermining the role commercial insurance plays as society's primary financial risk manager. This raises questions around the role commercial insurance plays in demarcating the risk society's frontier barrier which, ultimately, has far broader implications for why so many of society's institutions are struggling to adapt to risk in the 21st Century.
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Meque, Arlindo Oliva. "Investigating the link between southern African droughts and global atmospheric teleconnections using regional climate models." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16686.
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Includes bibliographical referencesDrought is one of the natural hazards that threaten the economy of many nations, especially in Southern Africa, where many socio-economic activities depend on rain-fed agriculture. This study evaluates the capability of Regional Climate Models (RCMs) in simulating the Southern African droughts. It uses the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI, computed using rainfall and temperature data) to identify 3-month droughts over Southern Africa, and compares the observed and simulated drought patterns. The observation data are from the Climate Research Unit (CRU), while the simulation data are from 10 RCMs (ARPEGE, CCLM, HIRHAM, RACMO, REMO, PRECIS, RegCM3, RCA, WRF, and CRCM) that participated in the Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) project. The study also categorizes drought patterns over Southern Africa, examines the persistence and transition of these patterns, and investigates the roles of atmospheric teleconnections on the drought patterns. The results show that the drought patterns can occur in any season, but they have preference for seasons. Some droughts patterns may persist up to three seasons, while others are transient. Only about 20% of the droughts patterns are induced solely by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), other drought patterns are caused by complex interactions among the atmospheric teleconnections. The study also reveals that the Southern Africa drought pattern is generally shifting from a wet condition to a dry condition, and that the shifting can only be captured with a drought monitoring index that accounts for temperature influence on drought. Only few CORDEX RCMs simulate the Southern African droughts as observed. In this regard, the ARPEGE model shows the best simulation. The best performance may be because the stretching capability of ARPEGE helps the model to eliminate boundary condition problems, which are present in other RCMs. In ARPEGE simulations, the stretching capability would allow a better interaction between large and small scale features, and may lead to a better representation of the rain producing systems in Southern Africa. The results of the study may be applied to improve monitoring and prediction of regionally-extensive drought over Southern Africa, and to reduce the socio-economic impacts of drought in the region.
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Butler, Colin David. "Inequality and sustainability." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20030324.171924/index.html.
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