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Статті в журналах з теми "Global energy interconnection"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Imdadullah, Basem Alamri, Md Alamgir Hossain, and M. S. Jamil Asghar. "Electric Power Network Interconnection: A Review on Current Status, Future Prospects and Research Direction." Electronics 10, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172179.

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An interconnection of electric power networks enables decarbonization of the electricity system by harnessing and sharing large amounts of renewable energy. The highest potential renewable energy areas are often far from load centers, integrated through long-distance transmission interconnections. The transmission interconnection mitigates the variability of renewable energy sources by importing and exporting electricity between neighbouring regions. This paper presents an overview of regional and global energy consumption trends by use of fuel. A large power grid interconnection, including renewable energy and its integration into the utility grid, and globally existing large power grid interconnections are also presented. The technologies used for power grid interconnections include HVAC, HVDC (including LCC, VSC comprising of MMC-VSC, HVDC light), VFT, and newly proposed FASAL are discussed with their potential projects. Future trends of grid interconnection, including clean energy initiatives and developments, UHV AC and DC transmission systems, and smart grid developments, are presented in detail. A review of regional and global initiatives in the context of a sustainable future by implementing electric energy interconnections is presented. It presents the associated challenges and benefits of globally interconnected power grids and intercontinental interconnectors. Finally, in this paper, research directions in clean and sustainable energy, smart grid, UHV transmission systems that facilitate the global future grid interconnection goal are addressed.

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2

Zhou, Yuanbing. "Global Energy Interconnection vision and key technologies." Chinese Science Bulletin 64, no. 19 (July 1, 2019): 1985–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n972018-00757.

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3

Li, Jun, Zhengxi Chen, Chen Chen, Yangzi Wang, Fulong Song, and Xiaoxiao Yu. "Research and Outlook on Global Energy Interconnection." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020901002.

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Currently, the world is confronted with a series of challenges including resource shortage, climate change, environment pollution and energy poverty, which are rooted in the humanity’s deep dependence on and large-scale consumption of fossil energy. To tackle with those challenges is an urgent task for realizing sustainable development. The Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) is a clean energy-dominant, electricity-centered, interconnected and shared modern energy system. It is an important platform for large-scale development, transmission and utilization of clean energy resources at a global level, promoting the global energy transition characterized by cleaning, decarbonization, electrification and networking. The GEI has provided a scientific, novel and systematic solution to implement Agenda 2030 as well as the Paris Agreement. Focusing on the scope of clean transition and sustainable development, this paper has implemented qualitative and quantitative methods based on historic data. The global power demand and supply has been forecasted. Based on global clean energy resources endowments and distribution, a global main clean energy bases layout and generation planning optimization has been proposed. Later in this paper, the global power flow under the GEI scenario and corresponding GEI backbone grid has been explored and proposed. Finally, based on a preliminary investment estimation, the comprehensive benefits of building the GEI have been analyzed.

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4

Koboević, Žarko, Zvonimir Šoša, and Nikša Koboević. "Belt and Road Initiative with Global Energy Interconnection." Časopis Pomorskog fakulteta Kotor - Journal of Maritime Sciences 23, no. 2 (November 19, 2022): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.56080/jms221105.

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Belt and road initiative delivers an idea for Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) as globally interconnected strong and smart grid based on Ultra-High Voltage (UHV). Global Energy Interconnection is an infrastructure platform that can be used for clean energy production, transition and consumption worldwide. GEI facilitate efforts to meet global power demand with clean and green alternatives as low carbon energy. GEI is promoting integration of energy, information and transportation networks, enlarging global power trade, ensuring universal electricity service. GEI optimizes resource allocation and utilization by converting various energy sources including coal, oil, hydro, wind and solar into electricity and transmitting over long distance. It can achieve mutual support and free trade of clean energy from different regions, and maximize energy efficiency and economy by taking advantages of time-zone, seasonal and price difference. Actually, Global Energy Interconnection is a system that consist of “Smart Grid”, “UHV Grid” and “Clean Energy”. Smart Grid integrates modern smart technologies with respect to advanced power transmission, smart control, new energy integration and new energy storage. UHV Grid is mainly composed of 1000 kV (and above) AC and +-800 kV (and above) DC transmission lines, featuring long transmission distance, large capacity, high efficiency, low line loss, less land use and high security. The shaping up of GEI can be divided into three phase: domestic, intra-continental and intercontinental interconnection. UHV Grid result is visible in already tested in practice transmission lines of DC and AC voltage. Over 20 UHV networks have been built in China. There is one network longer than 2000 km in Brazil, and two networks of UHV in India.

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5

Wu, Cong, Xiao-Ping Zhang, and Michael J. H. Sterling. "Global Electricity Interconnection With 100% Renewable Energy Generation." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 113169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3104167.

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6

Xu, Xinzhi, Xingyuan Zhao, Jun Li, Yi Gao, Ping Yan, and Fang Chen. "Quantitative credibility evaluation of Global Energy Interconnection data." Global Energy Interconnection 2, no. 6 (December 2019): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2020.01.005.

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7

Chu, Xiaodong, Weihao Wang, Maosen Tang, Haoyi Huang, and Lei Zhang. "Information system risk assessment for global energy interconnection." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 227 (March 2, 2019): 032044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/227/3/032044.

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8

Huang, Qili. "Insights for global energy interconnection from China renewable energy development." Global Energy Interconnection 3, no. 1 (February 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2020.03.006.

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9

Liang, Wang, and Zheng Zhe. "Application of 802.11ah wireless technology in Global Energy Interconnection." MATEC Web of Conferences 139 (2017): 00131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201713900131.

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10

Li, Junfeng, and Siyu Jiang. "Global Energy Interconnection: an effective solution to climate challenges." Global Energy Interconnection 1, no. 4 (October 2018): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2096-5117(18)30075-6.

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11

Kell, Georg. "Global Energy Interconnection: A building block towards planetary stewardship." Global Energy Interconnection 2, no. 2 (April 2019): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2019.07.011.

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12

Yang, Chul. "The Implications of China’s Conception of Global Energy Interconnection." Journal of Modern China Studies 24, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35820/jmcs.24.3.1.

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13

Feng, Jun-shu. "Complementary Characteristics Analysis on Cumulative Load of Asia - North America Energy Interconnection." E3S Web of Conferences 38 (2018): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183804007.

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Анотація:

The idea of Global Energy Interconnection will facilitate a large-scale development and exploitation as well as a wide-scope coordination and balance of clean energy, and Asia-North America energy interconnection is an important link of it. This paper discusses the Asia-North America energy interconnection conception with power grid as the backbone at first. Then, comprehensive analysis and forecast of power load of both Asia and North America has been given respectively. After the comparison between cumulative load characteristics of Asia and North America and their respective characteristics, benefits from interconnection of Asia and North America can be identified preliminary.

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14

Feng, Jun Shu, and Qiu Li Zhao. "Environmental Benefit Assessment under the Vision of Global Energy Interconnection." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 186 (October 11, 2018): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/186/4/012031.

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15

KUZNETSOV, O. N., I. S. ZUBKOVA, and D. A. AVERYANOV. "The equivalent for the global energy interconnection for transient stability calculations." Elektrotekhnika, no. 1 (2022): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53891/00135860_2021_1_47.

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16

Chu, Xiaodong, Yu Yi, Maosen Tang, Haoyi Huang, and Lei Zhang. "Defensive resource allocation for cyber-physical systems in global energy interconnection." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 227 (March 2, 2019): 042002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/227/4/042002.

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17

Shen, Pei, Sining Wang, and Nie Ling. "Research on Security Architecture of Global Energy Internet Standard Support System." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911801011.

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The global energy Internet standard support system plays a vital role in global energy interconnection. However, the system brings convenience to the global energy interconnection and introduces new security issues. Due to the diversity of users, the complexity of the environment and the internationalization, there will be more and more malicious network intrusions from outside and inside. The security system of the global energy Internet standard support system faces great challenges. To this end, this paper proposes a security architecture that combines active and passive, establishing a chain of trust between the active security architecture and the passive security architecture, ensuring a new security architecture, a security organization framework, a security policy framework, a security operation framework, and a closed-loop system that integrates the security technology framework. A deep learning algorithm was introduced for network intrusion learning to achieve sustainable management of the information security life cycle. The combination of active and passive security systems and continuous monitoring strategies based on deep learning fully ensure the security of the global energy Internet standard support system.

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18

Gao, Yi, Zhe Liu, Xinzhi Xu, Yanfen Guo, and Jun Li. "Research and Outlook on Northeast Asian Energy Interconnection." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020904006.

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Northeast Asia is the most developed region in Asia with large energy demand, and plays an important role in the global economic development. Northeast Asia has been facing severe challenges in ensuring energy security, protecting the environment, and coping with climate change, because of their high dependency on fossil fuels and imports of oil from outside the region, and inverse distribution between energy resources and demand. In order to actively respond to climate change, promote the transition to low-carbon energy and sustainable development in the region, achieve the grand purpose of economic prosperity, social progress and ecological protection, this study is conducted with a focus on power grid interconnection in Northeast Asia. Based on the historical energy and power data in Northeast Asia, this paper studies the development trends of energy and power demand in future by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Considering the distribution of clean energy bases, this paper proposes an energy interconnection scheme in Northeast Asia with high clear energy penetration scenario. To form the Asia-Europe energy interconnection, the construction of the Asia-Europe interconnection channels is briefly analyzed in this paper.

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19

Li, Yun, Wenhui Zhao, Yongfeng Gao, and Zhen Li. "Research on the strategic framework and path design of Global energy interconnection standardization." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 295 (July 25, 2019): 052014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/295/5/052014.

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20

Zhao, Xiaoling, Yao Liu, Jiawei Wu, Jinyu Xiao, Jinming Hou, Jinghui Gao, and Lisheng Zhong. "Technical and economic demands of HVDC submarine cable technology for Global Energy Interconnection." Global Energy Interconnection 3, no. 2 (April 2020): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2020.05.004.

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21

Dekker, Paul-Michael, Peter Meisen, and Amy B. Bruton. "THE GENI MODEL: The Interconnection of Global Power Resources to Obtain an Optimal Global Sustainable Energy Solution." SIMULATION 64, no. 4 (April 1995): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003754979506400407.

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22

Hsu, Kou-Cheng. "Decentralized Sliding Mode Control for Large-Scale Time-Delayed Systems With Series Nonlinearities." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 121, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2802539.

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This paper presents a robust decentralized sliding mode control for large-scale systems with delays in the interconnection and series nonlinearities in the input. The proposed sliding mode control ensures the global reaching condition of the sliding mode of the composite system. Without using time-delayed interconnection terms in the local control input, the developed local sliding mode controller is really independent of coupling subsystem states. Furthermore, the sliding mode control law is improved from the point of view of control energy conservation.

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23

Xihua, Zhang, Jing Kaidong, Bin Xu, Yen-Chiang Chang, and Liu Hongzheng. "The standard essential patent ownership in the global energy interconnection collaborative innovation in China." Energy Policy 119 (August 2018): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.034.

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24

Chen, Fu, Kun Huang, Yunting Hou, and Tao Ding. "Long-term cross-border electricity trading model under the background of Global Energy Interconnection." Global Energy Interconnection 2, no. 2 (April 2019): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2019.07.004.

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25

Ding, Tao, Qingrun Yang, Ya Wen, Ye Ning, Yongheng Yang, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Zonally Robust Decentralized Optimization for Global Energy Interconnection: Case Study on Northeast Asian Countries." IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 17, no. 4 (October 2020): 2120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2020.2991042.

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26

Voropai, N., and V. Stennikov. "Summary of the International Scientific Conference “Energy-21: Sustainable Development And Smart Management” September 7-11, 2020 Irkutsk, Russia." Energy Systems Research, no. 4(12) (February 1, 2021): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.38028/esr.2020.04.0008.

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The International Scientific Conference “energy-21: sustainable development and smart management” was held in Irkutsk, Russia, on September 7-11, 2020. The Conference was organized by the Melentiev Energy Systems Institute SB RAS with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) and with the participation of the Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization (GEIDCO), the Forum of Gas Exporting Countries, and the Global Energy Association. Over 170 attendees from 18 foreign and 69 Russian organizations from 8 countries (Russia, Qatar, China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Vietnam, Mongolia, Germany, Azerbaijan, and Uzbekistan) took part in the event. The participants presented more than 130 papers.

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27

Yoza, Akihiro, Kosuke Uchida, Atsushi Yona, and Tomonobu Senju. "Optimal Operation Method of Smart House by Controllable Loads based on Smart Grid Topology." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 14, no. 5 (August 7, 2013): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2012-0059.

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Abstract From the perspective of global warming suppression and depletion of energy resources, renewable energy such as wind generation (WG) and photovoltaic generation (PV) are getting attention in distribution systems. Additionally, all electrification apartment house or residence such as DC smart house have increased in recent years. However, due to fluctuating power from renewable energy sources and loads, supply–demand balancing fluctuations of power system become problematic. Therefore, “smart grid” has become very popular in the worldwide. This article presents a methodology for optimal operation of a smart grid to minimize the interconnection point power flow fluctuations. To achieve the proposed optimal operation, we use distributed controllable loads such as battery and heat pump. By minimizing the interconnection point power flow fluctuations, it is possible to reduce the maximum electric power consumption and the electric cost. This system consists of photovoltaics generator, heat pump, battery, solar collector, and load. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, MATLAB is used in simulations.

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28

Liang, Yun, Yao Wang, Li Huang, Jun Ma, Xiaolu Chen, and Jingtao Huang. "Design and verification of a satellite-terrestrial integrated IP network model for the Global Energy Interconnection." Global Energy Interconnection 2, no. 6 (December 2019): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2020.01.003.

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29

Rafique, Syed Furqan, Pei Shen, Zhe Wang, Rizwan Rafique, Tahir Iqbal, Salman Ijaz, and Umair Javaid. "Global power grid interconnection for sustainable growth: concept, project and research direction." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 12, no. 13 (July 31, 2018): 3114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.1536.

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30

Zhang, Hengxu, and Yuzheng Xie. "Alleviating freshwater shortages with combined desert-based large-scale renewable energy and coastal desalination plants supported by Global Energy Interconnection." Global Energy Interconnection 2, no. 3 (June 2019): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2019.07.013.

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31

Wang, Hao, Yanan Jin, and Xin Tan. "Study on Sustainable Development of the Transnational Power Grid Interconnection Projects under Diversified Risks Based on Variable Weight Theory and Bayesian Network." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (March 11, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5361561.

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Transnational power grid interconnection is an important measure to promote the construction of energy Internet. It can meet the global power demand in a clean and green way, promote the UN’s concept of “sustainable energy,” and tackle climate changes. But, transnational power grid projects face many complex and variable risks due to their complex background and lacking experience. According to the characteristics of transnational power grid interconnection projects, a risk assessment index system including 10 indexes such as national relation, public participation, and available transmission capacity is constructed. Then, in order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional risk assessment methods, this paper proposes a risk assessment method combined with risk theory and probabilistic model, which can not only consider the uncertainties but also integrate the probability of accidents with consequences. Therefore, it can effectively assess the transnational power grid interconnection projects under diversified risks. In addition, in order to further magnify the impact of higher risks on such projects, a method combining traditional weighting method with the variable weight theory is proposed. The study in this paper provides certain guidance and decision-making support for different participants such as the government power sector, construction enterprises, and investment enterprises when they launch on sustainable development of the transnational project business, which have obvious practical significance.

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32

Afzal, Muhammad, Manuel S. Alvarez-Alvarado, Zafar A. Khan, and Mohammed Alghassab. "Composition Assessment of a Power Distribution System with Optimal Dispatching of Distributed Generation." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 9, no. 3 (August 26, 2020): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2020.31428.

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Increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) is imminent in the new age of power distribution networks, which are smarter than the conventional grids. They enable the integration of DG into the power distribution network. This paper presents an assessment methodology for determining the optimal capacity and location of DG to ensure high reliability in a radial distribution network. The approach considers cost and the impact of aging on the DG and network topology for interconnection using genetic algorithm, which is a robust technique with wide solution space searchability and can potentially find global optima with fewer chances of getting trapped into local optima. A case study is simulated using three different scenarios to evaluate the impact of DG interconnection on the 13.8 kV power distribution network. The scenarios comprise of situations without any DG, with DG interconnection and optimization of DG interconnection. The case study shows that the penetration of DG increases the reliability of the distribution network while reducing the expected energy not supplied (EENS). Although, the difference between EENS in the optimized DG integration and non-optimized DG integration is not very significant in a small network, however, it becomes apparent with the aging curve that optimized allocation of DG possesses significant benefits.

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33

Suresh, Kallam, and M. Rajasekhara Babu. "Towards Effective Communication Technique for Energy Efficient Internet of Things." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 21 (December 2015): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.21.184.

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Internet of thing is concept and significant in emerging global Internet based wireless paradigm and empowering the Machine view of this present reality and consistent association. Internet of Things (IoT) is envisioned to bring together smart objects connected through Internet and exchange information in efficient communication techniques. Smart objects enabling integration and interconnection of the devices and cyberspace. IoT is a sophisticated technology ,as it is broad inter-disciplinary technology. And hence there arises continuous problem of limited source forcing us to use hand held devices with preserved battery charged smart devices. Energy Efficient Internet of Things(EEIOT) method could change and enable internet of things more encouraged to communicate information to the cyber world in better way.

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34

Soltowski, Bartosz, David Campos-Gaona, Scott Strachan, and Olimpo Anaya-Lara. "Bottom-Up Electrification Introducing New Smart Grids Architecture—Concept Based on Feasibility Studies Conducted in Rwanda." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 25, 2019): 2439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122439.

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Over the past eight years, off-grid systems, in the form of stand-alone solar home systems (SHSs), have proved the most popular and immediate solution for increasing energy access in rural areas across the Global South. Although deployed in significant numbers, issues remain with the cost, reliability, utilization, sustainability and scalability of these off-grid systems to provide higher-tiered energy access. Interconnection of existing stand-alone solar home systems (SHSs) can form a microgrid of interconnected prosumers (i.e., households owning SHS capable of producing and consuming power) and consumers (i.e., households without an SHS, and only capable of consuming power). This paper focuses on the role of a smart energy management (SEM) platform in the interconnection of off-grid systems and making bottom-up electrification scalable, and how it can improve the overall sustainability, efficiency and flexibility of off-grid technology. An interconnected SHS microgrid has the potential to unlock latent generation and storage capacity, and so effectively promote connected customers to higher tiers of energy access. This approach can therefore extend the range of products currently used by people located in the remote areas of developing countries to include higher-power devices such as refrigerators, TVs and potentially, electric cookers. This paper shows the results of field studies in the Northern Province of Rwanda within off-grid villages where people mainly rely on SHSs as a source of electricity. These field studies have informed further simulation-based studies that define the principal requirements for the operation of a smart energy management platform for the interconnection of SHSs to form a community microgrid.

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35

Jiang, Yifei, Shufan Wu, Qiankun Mo, Wenzheng Liu, and Xiao Wei. "An Energy Sensitive and Congestion Balance Routing Scheme for Non-Terrestrial-Satellite-Network (NTSN)." Remote Sensing 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030585.

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Recently, non-terrestrial-satellite-networks (NTSN) have attracted more attention due to excellent performance. NTSN specifically refers to a mega satellite constellation network. Global coverage, low latency and high data rate make global interconnection possible. However, the lack of on-board energy degrades the efficiency of the network system. To solve those pressing problems, an energy sensitive and congestion balance (ESCB) routing scheme is proposed in this paper. To compensate for the limited energy of satellites, a tubular sliding time window (TSTW) model is proposed. The residual energy can be predicted by it and a multi-objective algorithm is applied to calculate the routing path. Energy constraints, network congestion and latency are taken into account in the specific algorithm. A traffic model consisting of two different services is introduced as a verification system. Simulations demonstrate that the specific routing scheme achieves energy balance and congestion avoidance. In addition, comparison results demonstrate that ESCB is superior to the virtual-topology-based shortest path (VT-SP) routing algorithm.

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36

Huang, Jijie, Changnian Lin, Haiming Zhou, Zhengqing Xu, and Chunzhe Lin. "Research on key technologies of deduction of multinational power trading in the context of Global Energy Interconnection." Global Energy Interconnection 2, no. 6 (December 2019): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2020.01.010.

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37

Wei, Xiaoxia, Jian Ding, Jie Liu, and Tiezhong Wei. "Benefit and cost competitiveness analysis of wind and solar power inter-continent transmission under global energy interconnection mode." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 52 (January 2017): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/52/1/012002.

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38

Li, Jinying, and Jing Xiang. "Evaluating and Optimizing Transnational Grid Construction Based on Input-Output Analysis under the Background of Global Energy Interconnection." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 29, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 3183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/114256.

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39

Nan, Emanuela. "Mediterranean Energy Dream and Cultural Planning between Old Layers and New Paradigms." Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (June 2014): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.489.

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In the recent years that the interconnection of the production, distribution and use of energy cannot be considered unconnected to the materials and information chains. A global solution to the problem of energy supply has to be looked for in a new approach taking into account all these factors in dependence of the local resources and characteristics (geographic, urban, cultural etc) of the territories. In areas such as the Mediterranean, where the ability to tap into the huge renewable and clean energy resources, are confronted with the reality of contexts secularly layered and saturated, in which, as perhaps nowhere else, landscapes and scenery of quality and value environmental and town are mixed and interwoven with situations of degradation, worthlessness and abandonment, the reorganization energy is, in this sense, an incredible opportunity to rethink and relaunch.

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40

Pious, Ani, and K. Rajalakshmi. "Optimization of Subcell Interconnection for Multijunction Solar Cells Using DC-DC Converter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.52.

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The extraction of solar energy will be higher using the multijunction solar cells instead of single junction solar cell by splitting the solar spectrum. This work proposes a detailed study to identify the optimum interconnection method for various multijunction solar cells. An effective power electronic circuit could substantially enhance the efficiency and utilization of a photovoltaic (PV) power system constructed from multijunction solar cells. The multiple input dc-dc non-inverting buck-boost converter is used to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed interconnection technique, which can maintain a constant output voltage by performing both the buck and boost mode of operation. In order to ensure maximum power point (MPP) operation, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied which needs only one MPP control for multiple solar modules resulting reduction in cost and complexity. The PSO algorithm has the ability to track the global maxima of the system even under complex illumination situations.

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41

Kong, Feng, and Shao Sun. "Better Understanding the Catastrophe Risk in Interconnection and Comprehensive Disaster Risk Defense Capability, with Special Reference to China." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041793.

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Catastrophe risk governance has become one of the key issues affecting global sustainable development. As great changes have taken place in the global social ecosystem, the degree of interconnection between different regions in today’s society is much greater than ever before. Various types of contact networks, e.g., the production chain and supply chain, have been created, which provide diversified channels for the spread of catastrophe risk across time and space. In the context of interconnection, this paper first analyzes the drastic changes of the current disaster risk system. Severe catastrophe risk has posed a great threat to the highly growing international trade, and has also tested the capabilities of national comprehensive disaster defense. Thus, this paper analyzes the main characteristics of China’s comprehensive disaster defense capability, including physical, social, and humanistic defense capability. Finally, this paper puts forward the key points to resolve catastrophe risk from the perspective of decision-makers, including improving the decision-makers’ ability to study and judge the catastrophe chain and the impact of catastrophe, and the national resource reserve capacity to cope with the catastrophe.

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42

Ye, Xi, Quan Tang, Weiting Xu, Xi Zhang, Xiaoling Jin, and Xianzong Dai. "Multi-level Fuzzy Statistics and Maximum Entropy Rule Based Comprehensive Evaluation Strategy for Development Level of Global Energy Interconnection." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 168 (June 2018): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/168/1/012044.

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43

Flouros, Floros. "Green Energy in Europe and SocioEconomic Impact." Journal of Management and Strategy 13, no. 1 (May 10, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v13n1p31.

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Анотація:

The pandemic crisis caused by the COVID-19 coronavirus in early 2020 resulted in a series of rapid developments in all areas of political, economic, social and technological life in every country and society, on a global level. The European Commission has announced the Next Generation recovery plan, with a budget of 750 billion euros for the period 2021-2027. The main scope for European Union is to create a greener, more digital and ultimately sustainable Europe, with increased resilience even in future crises. At the same time, energy is seen as vital for the development and prosperity of every country and society, let alone in today's era of interconnection, high technology and globalization. In this study, both secondary research as well as primary qualitative research took place with personal in-depth interviews with experts, such as academics, politicians and enterpreneurs, all of them considered as stakeholders in issues related to the “green” energy. The overall study produces useful conclusions and suggestions that can contribute to a better understanding of green energy and its economic and social impact on society. The new green deal seems to be a first-class opportunity for the radical restructuring of the European economy and the strengthening of institutions through a more dynamic, sustainable, green growth model that is expected to further shield society and the country from a new upcoming crisis which is likely to occur sooner and more ambitiously, according to what is happening in the global environment.

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44

Celso-Arellano, Pedro, Victor Gualajara, Semei Coronado, Jose N. Martinez, and Francisco Venegas-Martínez. "Impact of the Global Fear Index (COVID-19 Panic) on the S&P Global Indices Associated with Natural Resources, Agribusiness, Energy, Metals, and Mining: Granger Causality and Shannon and Rényi Transfer Entropy." Entropy 25, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25020313.

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The Global Fear Index (GFI) is a measure of fear/panic based on the number of people infected and deaths due to COVID-19. This paper aims to examine the interconnection or interdependencies between the GFI and a set of global indexes related to the financial and economic activities associated with natural resources, raw materials, agribusiness, energy, metals, and mining, such as: the S&P Global Resource Index, the S&P Global Agribusiness Equity Index, the S&P Global Metals and Mining Index, and the S&P Global 1200 Energy Index. To this end, we first apply several common tests: Wald exponential, Wald mean, Nyblom, and Quandt Likelihood Ratio. Subsequently, we apply Granger causality using a DCC-GARCH model. Data for the global indices are daily from 3 February 2020 to 29 October 2021. The empirical results obtained show that the volatility of the GFI Granger causes the volatility of the other global indices, except for the Global Resource Index. Moreover, by considering heteroskedasticity and idiosyncratic shocks, we show that the GFI can be used to predict the co-movement of the time series of all the global indices. Additionally, we quantify the causal interdependencies between the GFI and each of the S&P global indices using Shannon and Rényi transfer entropy flow, which is comparable to Granger causality, to confirm directionality more robustly The main conclusion of this research is that financial and economic activity related to natural resources, raw materials, agribusiness, energy, metals, and mining were affected by the fear/panic caused by COVID-19 cases and deaths.

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45

G. Landera, Yandi, Oscar C. Zevallos, Rafael C. Neto, Jose F. da Costa Castro, and Francisco A. S. Neves. "A Review of Grid Connection Requirements for Photovoltaic Power Plants." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 21, 2023): 2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052093.

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The increasing rate of renewable energy penetration in modern power grids has prompted updates to the regulations, standards, and grid codes requiring ancillary services provided by photovoltaic-generating units similar to those applied to conventional generating units. In this work, a comprehensive survey presents a comparison of requirements related to voltage ride through reactive current injection/absorption; active power restoration; frequency stability regulation and active power control; voltage regulation and reactive power control; and the energy quality requisites included in the standards and grid codes of countries around the globe. The survey can be used to observe the differences between the requirements established in the grid codes depending on the power system operating characteristics, development of technology, and renewable energy penetration level. Many of these factors determine the parameters used to establish requisites for different grid codes, making a global standardization of the renewable energy interconnection requirements much harder.

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46

Srivastava, Siddharth, Fahad Khokhar, Archana Madhav, Billy Pembroke, Vignesh Shetty, and Ankur Mutreja. "COVID-19 Lessons for Climate Change and Sustainable Health." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 5938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185938.

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The drivers underpinning the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and climate change attest to the fact that we are now living in the Anthropocene Epoch, with human activities significantly impacting and altering the global ecosystem. Here, we explore the historical context of zoonoses, the effect of anthropogenic climate change and interrelated drivers on the emergence of, and response to emerging infectious diseases. We call attention to an urgent need for inculcating a One Health research agenda that acknowledges the primary interconnection between animals, humans, pathogens, and their collective milieus to foster long term resilience across all systems within our shared planetary environment.

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47

Engel, Ekaterina, Igor Kovalev, Nikolay Testoyedov, and Nikita E. Engel. "Intelligent Reconfigurable Photovoltaic System." Energies 14, no. 23 (November 29, 2021): 7969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237969.

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The global maximum power point tracking of a PV array under partial shading represents a global optimization problem. Conventional maximum power point tracking algorithms fail to track the global maximum power point, and global optimization algorithms do not provide global maximum power point in real-time mode due to a slow convergence process. This paper presents an intelligent reconfigurable photovoltaic system on the basis of a modified fuzzy neural net that includes a convolutional block, recurrent networks, and fuzzy units. We tune the modified fuzzy neural net based on modified multi-dimension particle swarm optimization. Based on the processing of the sensors’ signals and the photovoltaic array’s image, the tuned modified fuzzy neural net generates an electrical interconnection matrix of a photovoltaic total-cross-tied array, which reaches the global maximum power point under non-homogeneous insolation. Thus, the intelligent reconfigurable photovoltaic system represents an effective machine learning application in a photovoltaic system. We demonstrate the advantages of the created intelligent reconfigurable photovoltaic system by simulations. The simulation results reveal robustness against photovoltaic system uncertainties and better performance and control speed of the proposed intelligent reconfigurable photovoltaic system under non-homogeneous insolation as compared to a GA-based reconfiguration total-cross-tied photovoltaic system.

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48

Atoyev, Konstantin, Lilia Vovk, and Sergey Shpyga. "STUDYING THE INTERCONNECTION OF FOOD, ENERGY AND WATER RESOURCES USING THE THREE-SECTORAL LORENTZ MODEL." Journal of Automation and Information sciences 3 (May 1, 2021): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/1028-0979-2021-3-12.

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The work is devoted to the problem of creating new methods for complex modeling and risk management, which will allow to study synergistic interactions between sources of risks of various origins under conditions of uncertainty. The paper proposes an approach to the study of the relationship between food, water and energy resources using the three-sectoral Lorenz model, combining in a single structure similarly described sectors of the economy, each of which is considered in terms of the productivity level, the workplaces number and the structural disturbances level. As a mathematical modeling result, the conditions of the deterministic chaos origin in the minimum economic development model were determined and possible reasons of the global economy growing vulnerability to small changes in management parameters were identified. The problem of determining effective controls for minimizing the total structural violations on selected time interval is considered. As a result of model experiments, the trajectories of control parameters changes were determined, which make it possible to reduce the structural violations number. This is achieved through changes in the ratio of supply and demand levels for products, demand and supply for workplaces creation. The influence of random perturbations on the deterministic attractors stochastic deformation of the Lorentz model is considered. It is shown that, under random perturbations, the trajectories of the stochastic system leave a deterministic attractor and form around it a certain bundle with the corresponding probabilistic distribution. The further model complicating possibility by taking into account other sectors of the economy using the Lorenz model in a complex form is considered. In this case the task of studying n sectors of economy is reduced to considering the behavior of an ensemble of n coupled oscillators that generate oscillations with frequencies ωn, respectively. Collective synchronization of oscillator data can be investigated using Kuramoto’s model. The problem of managing socio-economic development under the chaotic modes origin conditions is reduced for a complex model to controlling the frequency of a nonzero mean field generated by coupled oscillators.

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49

ZIO, ENRICO, GIOVANNI SANSAVINI, ROBERTO MAJA, and GIOVANNA MARCHIONNI. "AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO THE SAFETY OF ROAD NETWORKS." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 15, no. 01 (February 2008): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539308002939.

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In this paper, recently introduced topological measures of interconnection and efficiency of network systems are applied to the safety analysis of the road transport system of the Province of Piacenza in Italy. The vulnerability of the network is evaluated with respect to the loss of a road link, e.g. due to a car accident, road work or other jamming occurrences. Eventually, the improvement in the global and local safety indicators following the implementation of a road development plan is evaluated.

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50

Niu, Dongxiao, Zhengsen Ji, Wanying Li, and Hao Zhen. "How to improve the efficiency of global energy interconnection capital allocation? Analysis from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity and driving factors." Journal of Cleaner Production 330 (January 2022): 129841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129841.

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