Дисертації з теми "Glissements de terrain – Observations"
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Chang, Kuo-Jen. "Observation et simulation des grands glissements de terrain déclenchés par le séisme de Chi-Chi, Taïwan, 1999." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20171.
Повний текст джерелаPalis, Édouard. "Étude du comportement post-rupture de versants instables par l’observation et l’instrumentation." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4014/document.
Повний текст джерелаGravity processes occur at many scales of time and space in the evolution of landforms’ morphology. Their understanding is subtle and complex and it is fundamental to consider the management of the risks associated with these destructive phenomena. Indeed, the intrinsic characteristics of the studied slopes are specific and the external factors acting on the dynamics of the destabilization present a wide range of temporalities and intensities. In order to understand how these forcings influence the behavior of slope instabilities, a systemic approach has been adopted in this work to put into perspective all the processes involved in the temporal evolution of their behaviors. Through two study cases located in the Alpes Maritimes (La Clapière at Saint-Etienne-de-Tinée and the Prat de Julian at Vence, France), real natural observatories with several years of multi-parameter monitoring, we were able to clarify the ability of instrumental observation to determine key behavioral parameters controlling the dynamic evolution of unstable slopes. Multivariate analyzes integrating the surface (displacements, deformations, disturbances) and internal state (groundwater level, electrical resistivity of the subsurface) allowed to quantify the links between the behavioral state of the studied slope and the meteorological contributions. This work finally highlights the importance of multi-parameter observational studies in the development of descriptive and predictive models, as well as the alert systems associated with these major risks
Guadagno, Eleonora. "Comment le phénomène du déplacement environnemental est-il perçu par les pays industrialisés ? Observations empiriques en Italie à partir des glissements de terrain à Sarno et à Cerzeto." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064675.
Повний текст джерелаSchlögel, Romy. "Quantitative landslide hazard assessment with remote sensing observations and statistical modelling." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH009/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe analysis of landslide inventories is the basis for quantitative hazard assessment. Landslide inventory maps are prepared using conventional methods (field surveys, visual interpretation of aerial photographs) and new remote sensing techniques. One of the most promising techniques for landslide detection and mapping is related to the measurement of the ground deformation by satellite radar interferometry (InSAR).This doctoral thesis is dedicated to the preparation of a multi-date inventory, from multi-source data, including InSAR, for a quantitative assessment of landslide hazard. The methods associate the analysis of Earth Observation products and statistical modelling for the characterization of landslide hazard in a rural and mountainous region of the South French Alps. They have been developed at the slope (1:5000-1:2000) and the regional (1:25.000-1:10.000) scales. For the creation of a multi-date inventory, this study developed a combined interpretation of time series of SAR images, aerial photographs, geomorphological maps, historical reports and field surveys. At the slope-scale, a geomorphologically-guided methodology using InSAR was proposed to identify landslide displacement patterns and measure their kinematic evolution. At regional scale, spatio-temporal distribution of landslides is characterised and hazard is assessed by computing spatial and temporal probabilities of occurrence for a given intensity of the phenomena. The spatial occurrence is evaluated using a multivariate model (logistic regression). The temporal occurrence of landslide is estimated with a Poisson probability model to compute exceedance probabilities for several return periods. Different mapping units were used in the modelling, and their influence on the results is discussed. Analysis of landslide hazard is then proposed for some particular hotspots. Relationships between landslide (re)activations and triggering factors are envisaged
Desrues, Mathilde. "Surveillance opérationnelle de mouvements gravitaires par séries temporelles d'images." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAH002.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding the dynamics and the behavior of gravitational slope movements is essential to anticipate catastrophic failures and thus to protect lives and infrastructures. Several geodetic techniques already bring some information on the displacement / deformation fields of the unstable slopes. These techniques allow the analysis of the geometrical properties of the moving masses and of the mechanical behavior of the slopes. By combining time series of passive terrestrial imagery and these classical techniques, the amount of collected information is densified and spatially distributed. Digital passive sensors are increasingly used for the detection and the monitoring of gravitational motion. They provide both qualitative information, such as the detection of surface changes, and a quantitative characterization, such as the quantification of the soil displacement by correlation techniques. Our approach consists in analyzing time series of terrestrial images from either a single fixed camera or pair-wise cameras, the latter to obtain redundant and additional information. The time series are processed to detect the areas in which the Kinematic behavior is homogeneous. The slope properties, such as the sliding volume and the thickness of the moving mass, are part of the analysis results to obtain an overview which is as complete as possible. This work is presented around the analysis of four landslides located in the French Alps. It is part of a CIFRE/ANRT agreement between the SAGE Society - Société Alpine de Géotechnique (Gières, France) and the IPGS - Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg / CNRS UMR 7516 (Strasbourg, France)
Travelletti, Julien. "Imagerie multi-paramètres et multi-résolutions pour l'observation et la caractérisation des mécanismes de glissements-coulées." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806806.
Повний текст джерелаThomas, Amélie. "Cartographie et évaluation de la dynamique à court terme d'instabilités gravitaires de grandes ampleurs : exemple du massif de la Cristallère en haute Vallée d'Aspe (Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France) : apports des mesures de positionnement satellitaire et des observations aériennes par drone." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0914/document.
Повний текст джерелаFor these last decades, few subjects of the geology of the engineer have drawn the attention of the scientific community as much as those dealing of the natural hazards and more particularly with large-scale gravitational instabilities known as DSGSD (Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation) and DSL (Deep Seated Landslide). Based on few cases study on a natural scale (dating and recent monitoring), short term temporal dynamics remains one of their least studied aspects today. We made the choice of the Cristallère massif as an example. It is located in Upper Aspe Valley of the Pyrenees (Béarn region). The Cristallère DSL was recently identified and analyzed through two dating methods.On the basis of this work, our first approach consists in assessing short term temporal dynamics of these slopes movements on various scales and with various methods of satellites positioning (GPS and GLONASS constellations): multistation positioning RGP (Permanent Geodetic Network in France), statics geodetic with pivot and fast static with pivot. We insist in this work, given the original results obtained, on the interest of the differential GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with a pivot which must be geographically close to the observations to be carried out in order to ensure sufficient accuracy (cm).Observations and exploitation of drone digital elevation models of the site from aerial surveys at different scales obtained with a “flying wing” are the second approach to this research work. They complete the mapping of the site and demonstrate the existence of a DSGSD based on a high resolution and high precision geomorphometric characterization (cm); they make it possible to refine the delimitation of the Cristallère DSL and its most active area (Pène du Thès) and the Peilhou DSL.In addition to these two complementary approaches, a geological and geophysical survey (structural geology measurements, electrical resistivity tomographies and electromagnetic profiles Very Low Frequency surveys) and an analysis of the available data on the structures present in the unstable slope, such as the large diameter underground water pipe for the hydroelectric plant of Baralet and the former railway tunnel of Peilhou. The combined use of these three approaches confirms that the deep movements of the Cristallère massif are still active with proven seismic forcing: awareness of the potential role taken by the DSGSD is then fundamental. Thus, all the existing structures in the massif or the projects on this site (new constructions or rehabilitation of old structures) have to consider the existence of a slow and gradual change of the entire massif (DSGSD). Moreover, the methodology developed in this work is intended to be general. It also makes possible to monitor and follow, in the short and medium term, all types of ground movement, in particular landslides or rockslides, deep or superficial, slow or fast
Pollet, Nicolas. "Mouvements gravitaires rapides de grandes masses rocheuses : Apports des observations de terrain à la compréhension des processus de propagation et dépôt : Application aux cas de La Madeleine (Savoie, France), Flims (Grisons, Suisse) et Kofels(Tyrol, Autriche)." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000820.
Повний текст джерелаPollet, Nicolas. "Mouvements gravitaires rapides de grandes masses rocheuses: Apports des observations de terrain à la compréhension des processus de propagation et dépôt. Application aux cas de La Madeleine (Savoie, France), Flims (Grisons, Suisse) et Köfels (Tyrol, Autriche)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000820.
Повний текст джерелаStumpf, André. "Landslide recognition and monitoring with remotely sensed data from passive optical sensors." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAH025/document.
Повний текст джерелаLandslide inventory mapping and monitoring are indispensable for hazard assessment and disaster management. The enhanced availability of VHR satellites, UAVs and consumer grade digital cameras offers a great potential to support those tasks at regional and local scales, and to complement established techniques such as in situ instrumentation, radar, andlaser scanning. A lack of image processing tools for the efficient extraction process-relevant information from different types of optical imagery still complicates the exploitation of optical data and hinders the implementation of operational services. This doctoral thesis is dedicated to the development and application of image processing techniques for the mapping,characterization and monitoring of landslides with optical remote sensing data. A comprehensive review of innovative remote sensing techniques for landslide monitoring shows the potential and limitations of available techniques and guides the selection of the most appropriate combination of sensors – platforms – image analysis methods according to the observed process and end-user needs. For the efficient detection of landslides after major triggering events at the regional scale, a method for rapid mapping combining image segmentation, feature extraction, supervised learning is developed. For detailed landslide investigations at the local scale, this study elaborates image processing chains for detection of surface fissures in time-series of UAV images as geo-indicators of landslide activity, the measurement of horizontal surface displacements from VHR satellite images using stereo-photogrammetric and image correlation methods, and 3D measurements from terrestrial photographs based on multi-view open-source photogrammetry
Li, Zhaohua. "Modélisation des glissements de terrain dans le cadre hydromécanique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI052.
Повний текст джерелаLandslides are common natural disasters all over the world. On one hand, they implicate an alternate behaviour for geomaterials: the solid behaviour dealt with classically by geomechanics, and the fluid behaviour after failure. On the other hand, they can be induced by several factors. For example,geology, topography, vegetation, climatic variation, and human activities. In tropic and tempered regions, it is well known that the landslides occur frequently after intense rainfalls, because of saturation effect of unsaturated soils.As there is, up to now, no satisfactory constitutive model to describe such a transition for unsaturated geomaterials, our work is thus focused firstly on a unified model, that associates an hydro-elastoplastic model for unsaturated geomaterials, a Bingham's viscous law, and a transition criterion between solid and fluid states. The model allows to describe both solid and fluid behaviours for unsaturated geomaterials in a unified framework, and is made possible to simulate completely the behaviour of unsaturated geomaterials before and after failure, induced by hydromecanical conditions.Secondly, the Finite Element Method with Lagrangian Integration points (FEMLIP), that benefits from both the Lagrangian approaches (track internal variables) and Eulerian approaches (solve large transformations), is ameliorated and chosen to carry out calculations in this framework. We have introduced a new hydro-elasto-plastic FEMLIP formulation with hydromecanical coupling, and implemented it in Ellipsis (FEMLIP based code). Moreover, in order to inverse nonsymmetric matrixin the formulation, a new solver based on the biconjugate gradient stabilized method (BiCGSTAB) has been also implemented.Finally, several benchmarks are proposed to validate the model for the main features of unsaturated geomaterials, and a heuristic rainfall-induced landslide is simulated, we could study the effects of various parameters on the water infiltration and on the failure. Moreover, a simulation of the Shien landslide in China (2012) with real parameters is presented
Servant, Guillaume. "Modèles en risques naturels, cas de glissements de terrain." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0061.
Повний текст джерелаThe forecast of extreme situations generated by natural hazards is very complex. With regard to catastrophic landslides, physical and numerical modelling is today of limited range. The goal of this work is thus to develop an indicator of stability for soil and rock bodies. We show that Hill's condition of stability (positiveness of second oreder woek) allows to exhibit the unstable behaviour of granular materials. The introduction of this approach in afinite element code (LAGAMINE, University of Liège, Belgium) is described. Computations were performed on a real case study of landslides. A collapse of an homogeneous earth dam was simulated under several conditions of hydro-mechanical coupling
Mariez, Gérard. "Répertoire et typologie des glissements de terrain en Franche-Comté." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2027.
Повний текст джерелаMaquaire, Olivier. "Les mouvements de terrain de la côte du Calvados : recherche et prévention /." Orléans : Ed. du BRGM, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35518434g.
Повний текст джерелаHuynh, Dat Vu Khoa. "Modélisations des glissements de terrain comme un problème de bifurcation." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085919.
Повний текст джерелаCe travail de thèse porte d'une part sur l'analyse et l'implémentation du critère de stabilité de Hill dans deux codes de calculs par éléments finis (LAGAMINE et PLAXIS) et d'autre part sur leur application, dans le cadre des modélisations numériques de problèmes aux limites non linéaires, aux glissements de terrain.
L'étude du travail du second ordre, menée sur des modèles de comportement incrémentaux non linéaires, montre que certains sols exhibent de larges domaines potentiellement instables à l'intérieur strict du critère limite de plasticité. Ces analyses sont corroborées par les résultats expérimentaux.
Nous montrons, dans ces travaux, par des approches analytique et numérique dans le cadre de la théorie de l'élasto-plasticité, que le critère de Hill est toujours vérifié avant la condition limite de plasticité (critère de Mohr-Coulomb) et le critère de localisation de déformation (critère de Rice).
L'utilisation du critère de Hill nous permet d'analyser le glissement de la côtière de Trévoux après une période de fortes précipitations en 1983. Ces travaux de modélisations ont été menés dans le cadre d'un couplage hydromécanique en milieu non saturé.
La même démarche a été menée pour l'analyse du glissement catastrophique du versant de Las Colinas (El Salvador) provoqué par un séisme en 2001. La définition du chargement considéré est basée sur une méthode de type pseudo-statique.
Mariez, Gérard. "Répertoire et typologie des glissements de terrain en Franche-Comté." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615739r.
Повний текст джерелаNini, Robert. "Cartographie de la susceptibilité aux "Grands Glissements de Terrain" au Liban." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0964.
Повний текст джерелаMany impressive landslides have recently occured Lebanon. A prediction based on the susceptibility mapping will be of such importance in order to reduce their damages. This work constitutes a first attempt of mapping the susceptibility of landslides in Lebanon by a method which is a compromise between the two known approaches: the expert method and the analytical method. A first data on these landslides and their permanent causes is presented based on the existing documents, investigations, and soil investigation campaign. These landslides will be analysed by Talren software in order to calculate their factor of safety against sliding. Our study is based on the analysis of different causal factors of these landslides, such the geomorphology, geology, hydrogeology, tectonic, soil, pluviometry, and vegetation. For each one, their ground model and sliding model will be evokated with their possible mecanism of failure. This study permits to map the critical modalities of different causal factors. The superposition of these maps of different factors will be beneficial to localize the zones presenting high risk of instability. The probabilistic approach will be applied on these cases by Phimeca software. The Phimeca results such the reliability index and the probability of failure permits to compare the safety factor obtained by Talren with these two values
Moretti, Laurent. "Modélisation numérique du signal sismique longue période généré par des effondrements gravitaires." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077217.
Повний текст джерелаLandslides play a key role in erosional processes and represent one of the major natural hazards. Despite the great amount of field, experimental and numerical work devoted to this problem, the understanding of the physical processes at work in gravitational flows is still an open issue, in particular due to the lack of observations relevant to their dynamics. Indeed, due to their relative short duration and the fact that they are unpredictable, they are difficult to observe directly. In this context the recorded seismic signal provides a temporal observation of landslides and makes it possible to get insight into their dynamics. We first estimated the force-time function responsible of the seismic waves by performing a waveform inversion. This force-time function is relevant to the dynamics of the landslide. We developed laws, based on the vision of a solid block sliding on a slope. These laws permit to simply link some quantities to the force applied to the ground surface. Based on the block model, we proposed a parametrization of the force. It permits to retrieve some characteristics defined explicitly as parameters. We saw that using the the simulation of the landslide and of the associated long-period seismic signal, permit to discriminate different scenarios and thus to get more accurate information on the dynamics. We also used a Bayesian inversion where the forward problem is the calculation of the force-time function during the landslide simulation. This permits for a landslide to give an accurate estimate of the volume and of the friction coefficient. Furthermore this method makes it possible to determine the error made on the estimation of these parameters
Vanbrabant, Frédéric. "Prise en compte des effets de site topographiques dans l’étude de la stabilité des pentes soumises à des sollicitations dynamiques." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0852.
Повний текст джерелаFranchomme, Olivier. "Modèle de risque des glissements de fonds marins." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0211.
Повний текст джерелаHama, Meriem. "Glissements de terrain : base de données et méthode des perturbations en 3D." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0006.
Повний текст джерелаConsideration of natural hazards is not new. Management of these risks is developed little by little. The subject of research has been made in the context of a project W. A. S. S. S. (Wide Area Slope Stability Server). This server is support to a database, regrouping cases of landslides and relative information. This database is interest because the collection of data will serve to studies of risks. In its second part, this work of research approaches some stability methods of slopes, and proposes the extension of the method of perturbations in 3D, that we have applied on two cases: case theoretical of Ugaï (1988), and a real case, the landslide of Salle Beaumont (Isere), that in 1994 bad made four victims. This landslide occurred on a zone declared without apparent risk
Casson, Bérangère. "Apports de l'imagerie optique haute résolution pour l'étude 3D des glissements de terrain." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10257.
Повний текст джерелаTonnellier, Alice. "Ecoute sismique des glissements de terrain dans les roches argilo-marneuses : détection et identification des sources intervenant dans la progression des glissements." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873617.
Повний текст джерелаL'Ecuyer, Nicolas. "Stabilité sismique des talus naturels argileux." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Знайти повний текст джерелаTatard, Lucile. "Analyse statistique des glissements de terrain déclenchés : implications sur les contrôles sismiques et climatiques." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498011.
Повний текст джерелаPrime, Noémie. "Modélisation de la transition solide-fluide dans les géomatériaux : application aux glissements de terrain." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI112/document.
Повний текст джерелаGeomaterials are present in nature in many forms : solid soil or rock, soft clay, almost liquidmud, etc... Geomechanics deals with the understanding the solid behavior of geomaterials.However, solid ground can happen, under specific external conditions, to turn into fluid : asfor example during mudflows or debris flows. In such a context, there are few numerical toolsable of modeling the different phases of the behavior. Furthermore, it seems that there is,nowadays, no satisfactory constitutive model to describe such a transition.Our work concerns, in a general way, solid-fluid transition in geomaterials behavior and thedevelopment of a constitutive model describing both the solid phase, fluid phase, and thetransition between the two. In this framework, we chose to carry out calculations with theFEMLIP numerical method (Finite Element Method with Lagrangians Integration Points)which has shown a strong potential to describe a wide variety of behaviors (including historydependant behavior), in a unique model.Having implemented and validated the first elasto-plastic law in Ellipsis (FEMLIP basedcode), we have introduced in this code the solid-fluid transition model. This last is based onthe evolution, at the failure state detected by the second order work criterion, of the solidelasto-plastic behavior towards a viscous fluid behavior, exhibiting a yield stress.After validation of the solid-fluid transition model in homogeneous cases (considering Plasolelasto-plastic law and Bingham viscous one), we applied this model to the modeling of Sarnoand Quindici mudflows (Italy, 1998). The first models shows the possibility to describe thethree phases of the flow (initiation, propagation and immobilization), and we could study theeffect of various parameters on the stop against a protection work
Fressard, Mathieu. "Les glissements de terrain du Pays d’Auge continental : Caractérisation, cartographie, analyse spatiale et modélisation." Caen, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968473.
Повний текст джерелаThe Pays d’Auge plateau hillslopes (Normandy, France) are widely affected by instability processes. In spite of an actual risk, few studies were engaged on these complex phenomena in this smooth topography area. This research aims to complete the limited knowledge about the local instability processes and to develop a landslide susceptibility mapping strategy. Two main objectives are guiding the work : (1) observation and characterization de the instability phenomena (inventory, typology and geomorphological mapping) ; (2) landslide susceptibility mapping at the 1/50. 000 and at the 1/10. 000 scale. We obtained a detailed landslide typology for the continental part of the Pays d’Auge plateau. This was used as a basis for several landslides inventories at different scales. Datasets representing the landslide predisposing factors were acquired with a particular attention paid on the quality, the cost and the scale fitting of the data. The work was focused on the comparison between “expert”, “semi-expert” and probabilistic approaches to map the landslide susceptibility. The results show that probabilistic approaches can be used complementarily to the usual expert methods and can help in selecting more appropriate landslide predisposing factors, even if the method is widely influenced by the quality of the input data
Squarzoni, Cristina. "Mesure des champs de déplacement de surface et modélisation numérique des glissements de terrain." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10262.
Повний текст джерелаGallo, Florian. "Glissements de terrain et érosion des chaînes de montagnes : étude de cas dans l'Himalaya central." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0093/document.
Повний текст джерелаLandscape evolution is at the heart of a complex system of interactions between tectonics, climate and erosion. While the influence of climate on erosion rates is still debated, mountainous areas are a priori particularly sensitive to climatic changes. In order to better understand these interactions, it is of fundamental importance to quantify the importance of each erosion process, in addition to their sensitivity to rainfall. Among the erosion processes, landslides represent a major, unpredictable and often catastrophic, phenomenon that can involve considerable volumes of rocks. Many previous works have shown that landslides are the primary agent of hillslope erosion in the unglaciated valleys of the Himalayas. From this point of view, the aim of this work is to better constrain landslide evolution and dynamics in the central Himalayas, and their role in the erosion of this mountain range, on different timescales. The Khudi Khola catchment, in central Nepal, displays a large landsliding zone that has been active for several decades, in a context of intense erosion. This characteristic provides the opportunity to study this landslide in detail, from timescales ranging from an hour to several decades. The Saituti landslide history was reconstructed from analysis of satellite and aerial images. A continuous, but variable, activity of the landslide has been observed for almost a half century. Estimates of sediment volumes produced by the landslide highlight the dominant role this erosive structure plays in the overall catchment erosion over the last few years and possibly for the past few decades. Indeed, the landslide-induced erosion rates are in the same range as the total erosion rates, i.e. around 2.5 mm/y. The daily dynamics of the landslide were also studied, as well as the sediment export to the drainage network. The results highlight a decoupling between the displacements and the sediment production within the landslide, and the export of sediment to the river. The baseflow level primarily controls these displacements, while the export is more dependant on the runoff discharge that follows rainfall peaks. Once the slide is set in motion, it keeps moving during the whole monsoon period. However, only intense rainfall events result in an efficient transport of sediment to the river. The annual flux of suspended load were estimated at the Khudi mouth, these roughly agree with the volumes of landslide material. These results confirm the dominant role of the Saituti landslide in the overall catchment erosion and suggest rapid export of the landslide sediment to the river mouth. On the scale of the entire central Himalayas, landslide activity over the last decade highlights a deficit of landslides, compared to independent estimates of secular denudation rates. Nevertheless, this activity is dominated by major events, in the range of several millions cubic metres, such as the Saituti one. The stochastic nature of landslides influences the variability of sediment fluxes in the river. However, this study also highlights that, in medium-sized catchments (around a few hundred square kilometres) such landslides may strongly influence the median concentration of cosmogenic nuclides in river sands. This concentration seems to be primarily dependant on the date and on the magnitude of the last major slide event. In such environments, secular denudation rates estimated from cosmogenic nuclides need to be interpreted very cautiously. The (possibly) long-lasting activity of a few large landslides can then strongly influence the erosion of the Himalayan valleys. This parameter should be taken into account in studies of short- to mid-tem erosion processes as well as in landscape evolution models generally
Combescure, Christelle. "Formulation d’un modèle homogénéisé de plaque en béton armé pour des applications sismiques." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066407.
Повний текст джерелаSafety reassessments are periodically performed on the EDF nuclear power plants and the recent seismic reassessments leaded to the necessity of taking into account the non-linear behaviour of materials when modeling these reinforced concrete buildings. A constitutive model dedicated to reinforced concrete plates under seismic solicitations is proposed: the DHRC model. Justified by a periodic homogenisation approach, this model includes two dissipative phenomena: damage of concrete and sliding at the interface between steel rebar and surrounding concrete. An original coupling term between damage and sliding, resulting from the homogenisation process, induces a better representation of energy dissipation during the material degradation. The model parameters are identified from and a restricted number of geometric and material characteristics. Numerical validations of the DHRC model are presented, showing good agreement with experimental behaviour
Quantin-Nataf, Cathy. "Évolution géologique et climatique de Valles Marineris (Mars)." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10127.
Повний текст джерелаTherrien, Julie. "Étalements dans les argiles marines du Québec : analyse et compilation de 14 cas." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66855.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is produced as part of a project focusing on spreads. These landslides have been extensively studied since the early 2000s with case studies and by numerical modeling of the initiation and propagation of failure in terms of progressive failure. A synthesis of the characteristics of these landslides is now necessary to better understand their development. A compilation of 14 cases of spreads in sensitive clays was carried out in the form of a synthesis which includes the analysis of the characteristics of the pre-rupture, the rupture and the post-rupture. The analyzed data are mainly geometrical, geomorphological and geotechnical. The compiled parameters follow a methodology to ensure the repeatability of the measurements. Two cases are also presented which support the methodology. The analysis of the characteristics of the pre-failure of the slope where spreads have occurred shows that ranges of values of heights and inclinations are quite low. Analysis of geotechnical data shows that spreads occur in all types of clay soils from former postglacial seas. The analysis of post-rupture characteristics is mainly focused on the geomorphology of debris. The horsts have tip angles around 60 °, which indicate active failure. This study seems to show a relationship between the number of horsts and height of the slope before the failure. Relationships with other morphological parameters have also been explored. This synthesis highlights the complexity of identifying particular conditions predisposing to spread and several aspects remaining to be explored.
Prunier, Florent. "Modélisation des instabilités en géomécanique : application aux glissements de terrains." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0170.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph. D. Manuscript synthesises three years of research dedicated to the numerical modelling of instabilities and failures which occur in geomaterials and structures like landslides. The considered approach in these modellings is based on the continuum mechanics and considers phenomenological constitutive models implemented in finite element codes. Instabilities are studied with the help of Hill?s criterion (Hill (1958)) which is based on the sign of the second order work. After a bibliographical chapter about granular material constitutive models and material stability criteria, the second chapter deals with the local second order work criterion and the analysis is performed at the material point level. The third chapter suggests a study at the structure scale, built on eigenvalues and eigenvectors analysis of the symmetrical part of the global tangent stiffness matrix arising from finite element computation. Finally, in the latest chapter, we present the modelling of two landslides : Petacciato in Italy, and Ballendaz in Savoie, which occurred after strong rainy periods. The use of a coupled hydro-mechanical model taking in account the partial saturation of soils, and of the second order work criterion allowed to describe accurately the slip surfaces observed in situ
Bontemps, Noélie. "Forçage sismique et déclenchement des mouvements de terrain : apport du suivi de glissements de terrain lents dans la vallée de la Colca, Pérou." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU028.
Повний текст джерелаLandslides are the first secondary effect of earthquakes. Statistical analysis of regional inventories of earthquake-triggered-landslides after large earthquakes (Mw> 6.6) reveal a complex interaction between seismic shaking and rainfall. The consequence of this interaction is an increase of the landslide triggering rate for several months and even years after a large event. Even though a large amount of observation are available, the identification and the quantification of the different processes impacting landslide kinematics during and after an earthquake are very limited, due mainly to a lack of in situ monitoring. The main goal of this thesis is to study these mechanisms in regions where earthquakes and precipitations can be interdependent. To this purpose, we focused on slow-moving landslides, on which we can monitor physical processes of the gravitational dynamic with time.The studied slow-moving landslides are located in the Colca Valley, south Peru. This area presents several advantages: (1) several active slow-moving landslides are active, (2) the region is seismically very active and (3) the precipitations are seasonal.The first approach consists in studying the kinematic response of several slow-moving landslides to the same forcings. A method coming from the InSAR data processing has been adapted to compute time series of displacement fields, thanks to the inversion of satellite optical images. This allows us to go back as far as 28 years in the past in terms of displacements in the Colca Valley. We show the possible impact of a local Mw 5.4 earthquake in 1991 on the kinematics of the Maca landslide. Our results suggest a double effect of the earthquake, with a co- and post-seismic acceleration (<6 years) and a modification of the mechanical properties of the soil (damage) leading to a complex interaction with precipitations.To better understand the mechanisms at the origin of this combined effect, we studied in situ data (GPS and seismometer) acquired continuously on the Maca landslide since 2016. The processing of these data, coupling geodesy and ambient noise interferometry, allowed to evidence and quantify the damage of the soil generated by earthquakes together with the impact of precipitations on its healing. The influence of small magnitude earthquakes during the soil rigidity recovery is also highlighted together with the importance of the temporality between precipitations and earthquakes. Finally, we quantify the retrogression of the landslide thanks to new observation coupling the landslide’s kinematic and soil rigidity variations
Recorbet, Florence. "Caractérisation multi-méthodes des grands glissements de versants : application à la falaise de Cap Canaille." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30058.
Повний текст джерелаThis study combining dating based on in situ-produced cosmonuclides, paleomagnetic study and morphological characterization was conducted on two sites in the PACA region in order to understand the development of gravitary events and the associated risks. The morphology of Cap Canaille cliff suggests past mass collapses that yield to investigate the tsunami hazard associated with the fall of rock in the Mediterranean. The dating using in situ-produced 10Be and 36Cl evidenced a major event (estimated volume of 6 million m3) between 1500 and 2000 years leaving a large visible scar bordered on both sides with scars corresponding to gradual cliff dismantling. We note the presence of a red coral layer in the sedimentary deposits of a cave facing the cliff and whose death was dated in the same age range. Both events could either have been triggered simultaneously by an earthquake, or linked by a causal relationship, via the generation of a tsunami
Martins-Campina, Bruno. "Le rôle des facteurs géologiques et mécaniques dans le déclenchement des instabilités gravitaires : exemple de deux glissements de terrain des Pyrénées Atlantiques (Vallée d'Ossau et Vallée d'Aspe)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00324072.
Повний текст джерелаFressard, Mathieu. "Les glissements de terrain du Pays d'Auge continental (Normandie, France) Caractérisation, cartographie, analyse spatiale et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968473.
Повний текст джерелаBlanchet, François. "Etude géomécanique de glissements de terrain dans les argiles glacio-lacustres de la vallée du Drac." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376119698.
Повний текст джерелаBlanchet, François. "Etude géomécanique de glissements de terrain dans les argiles glacio-lacustres de la vallée du Drac." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10117.
Повний текст джерелаGance, Julien. "Développements méthodologiques en géophysique haute résolution pour la caractérisation hydro-mécanique de glissements de terrain argileux." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH009.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this research project is the improvement of our knowledge of the elementary processes controlling the post-rupture hydrological behavior of clayey landslides. It should allow understanding, reproducing and possibly forecasting their behaviors by the use of adapted hydro-mechanical models. This work consists in the improvement and the development of geophysical parameters processing and interpretation methodologies in clayey and heterogeneous medium. The main objectives of this work are : 1. The improvement of geophysical and geodesic methods to measure the internal geometry and structure of the landslide. 2. The characterization of possible relationships between landslide internal geometry and structure, presence of discontinuities, slope hydrology and deformations. 3. The development and improvement of methodology for the detection and imaging of preferential flows in a fissured and deformable medium. 4. The spatial and temporal characterization of the hydrological response of the slope. A high resolution inversion algorithm of the first seismic arrivals is developed. It uses the Fresnel volumes for the retropropagation of the residuals and the assumptions of a finite-bandwidth source signal. It permits to recover a high resolution image of the internal structure of the landslide. The seismic P-wave attenuation is also inverted to characterize surface fissured zones. Photogrammetric methods are used to characterize and quantify the surface deformations. A method alternative to image correlation is developed, based on the target detection and tracking. The link between changes in deformation regime along the profile and the existence of surface fissures is finally discussed. The previous data are integrated inside a geometric model trough data fusion. Using numerical modeling, we verify if the state of stress computed is related to the surface fissure density distribution. A methodology of correction of the geometrical effect of fissures on apparent resistivity is developed. Different types of inversion artefacts, linked to the presence of surface fissures, are identified. The ability of the proposed method to limit this artifact is tested. A methodology of selection and processing of the time-lapse ERT data is developed. The short electrical response (from several hours to several days) to natural rainfall events is analyzed and conceptual hydrological responses to these rainfall events are proposed
Gautier, Pascal. "Cartographie des glissements et affaissements miniers dans la région de Decazeville (Aveyron)." Paris, ENMP, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ENMP0001.
Повний текст джерелаDehn, Martin Boesler Klaus-Achim. "Szenarien der klimatischen Auslösung alpiner Hangrutschungen Simulation durch Downscaling allgemeiner Zirkulationsmodelle der Atmosphäre /." Sankt Augustin : In Kommission bei Asgard-Verlag, 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/43398514.html.
Повний текст джерелаKokutse, Nomessi Kuma. "Modélisation du renforcement des sols et analyse numérique de l'impact de la structure des peuplements forestiers sur la stabilité des pentes. Applications à l'éco-ingénierie." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13587.
Повний текст джерелаRezig, Selma. "Modélisation probabiliste de l'aléa mouvements de terrain : développement d'une méthode quantitative pour l'aide à l'expertise." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0614.
Повний текст джерелаCai, Yaojun. "Analyse et modélisation de mouvements de versant déclenchés par le plan d'eau d'une retenue de barrage : application au barrage des Trois-Gorges (Chine)." ENSMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP0909.
Повний текст джерелаAllal, Mohammed Amine. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique de la bentonite (intacte et prédécoupée) soumise à des charges constantes et cycliques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0115.
Повний текст джерелаLissak, Candide. "Les glissements de terrain des versants côtiers du Pays d'Auge (Calvados) : Morphologie, fonctionnement et gestion du risque." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781940.
Повний текст джерелаLissak, Candide. "Les glissements de terrain des versants côtiers du Pays d’Auge (Calvados) : morphologie, fonctionnement et gestion du risque." Caen, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781940v2.
Повний текст джерелаThe present study is focused on complex rotational-translationnal landslides occurring along the coastal slopes of Calvados. The landslides kinematics is characterized by slow and permanent activity ranging from a few millimeters to a few centimeters per year. The slow velocity can be affected by major accelerations explained by combined triggering factors as prolonged rainfall. The complexity of these phenomena is linked to their temporal and spatial heterogeneity dynamics. Furthermore, their location in urban coastal environment induces high socio-economic issues. For better understanding of these complex landslides processes, the study focused on: (1) the internal structure characterization with the help of geophysical, geotechnical and geomorphological data; (2) the hydrological and hydrogeological specificities of the slope with hydrodynamics characterization; (3) the kinematics of the landslides measurement from monitoring network to put in forward the spatial and temporal heterogeneities; (4) the identification of critical piezometric or rainfall threshold inducing acceleration; (5) the assessment of consequences and the risk management linked to several acceleration crisis. And finally the research focused on the actual element at risk and landslide extension possibilities
Lebourg, Thomas. "Analyse géologique et mécanique de glissements de terrain dans des moraines des Pyrénées centrales et occidentales (France)." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR10597.
Повний текст джерелаFernandez, Merodo José Antonio. "Une approche à la modélisation des glissements et des effondrements de terrains : initiation et propagation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0730.
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