Статті в журналах: "Glass Physics"

1

Gnodtke, Christian, and Abigail Klopper. "Opera: Glass physics." Nature Physics 8, no. 6 (May 30, 2012): 440–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys2338.

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2

Berthier, Ludovic, and Mark D. Ediger. "Facets of glass physics." Physics Today 69, no. 1 (January 2016): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.3052.

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3

Ruan, H. H., and Liang Chi Zhang. "Implementation of Glass Transition Physics in Glass Molding Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 325 (August 2011): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.707.

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Glass transition is the most important factor in the thermo-forming of glass elements of precise geometries such as optical glass lenses. Among many attempts to model the physics of glass transition, the Master equations based on the potential energy landscape (PEL) appear to be apropos. In this study, we used Monte-Carlo approach to approximately solve the master equations and further implement the Monte-Carlo method in the finite element simulation. We used Selenium as an example since its PEL has been quantified. Through the FEM simulations, it is found that the geometrical replication quality is the best when the forming is performed at the viscosity around 105~106Pa×s, that the residual stress developed in the cooling process can be minimized in the slow cooling process or through post-annealing process after moulding.

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4

Binder, Kurt, Jorg Baschnagel, Walter Kob, and Wolfgang Paul. "Glass physics: still not transparent." Physics World 12, no. 12 (December 1999): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/12/12/16.

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5

Buchanan, Mark. "Physics in a cocktail glass." Nature Physics 19, no. 8 (August 2023): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02164-7.

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6

Grzybowski, Andrzej. "Glass Transition and Related Phenomena." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10 (May 12, 2023): 8685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108685.

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Despite recent advances in the study of complex systems, which were recognized by the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2021, glass transition and the physicochemical phenomena that occur in the supercooled liquid and glassy states have remained shrouded, at least partially, in mystery for various material groups [...]

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7

Dotsenko, Viktor S. "Physics of the spin-glass state." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 163, no. 6 (1993): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0163.199306a.0001.

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8

Osborne, I. S. "APPLIED PHYSICS: Burning Holes in Glass." Science 301, no. 5629 (July 4, 2003): 21a—21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.301.5629.21a.

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9

Pasachoff, Jay M., and Naomi Pasachoff. "Third physics opera for Philip Glass." Nature 462, no. 7274 (December 2009): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/462724a.

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10

Dotsenko, Viktor S. "Physics of the spin-glass state." Physics-Uspekhi 36, no. 6 (June 30, 1993): 455–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1993v036n06abeh002161.

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11

Parisi, Giorgio. "The physics of the glass transition." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 280, no. 1-2 (May 2000): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(99)00626-3.

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12

Mézard, Marc. "Statistical physics of the glass phase." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 306 (April 2002): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(02)00482-x.

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13

Kurkjian, C. R. "The physics and chemistry of glass (Glass science: a personal view)." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 84, no. 1-3 (July 1986): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(86)90756-8.

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14

Binder, Kurt. "The glass transition: How do complex craggy free energy landscapes emerge?" Europhysics News 53, no. 1 (2022): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/2022104.

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Glass as a material was already known in ancient Egypt. Now its use for windows, bottles, etc. is very common; thus, it may sound surprising that the glassy state of matter and the transition from an undercooled melt to this state are grand challenge problems of physics. This article describes the basic concepts; then it points out how the discovery of “spin glasses” and the theory by Giorgio Parisi has given a new boost to the interest in these problems. The status of a theory of the glass transition will be critically discussed.

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15

XIA, L., C. L. JO, and Y. D. DONG. "GLASS FORMING ABILITY OF HARD MAGNETIC Nd55Al20Fe25 BULK GLASSY ALLOY WITH DISTINCT GLASS TRANSITION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 22 (September 10, 2005): 3493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920503219x.

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Nd 55 Al 20 Fe 25 bulk sample was prepared in the shape of rods 3 mm in diameter by suction casting. The sample exhibits typical amorphous characters in XRD pattern, distinct glass transition in DSC traces and hard magnetic properties. The distinct glass transition, which is invisible in DSC traces of previously reported Nd — Al — Fe ternary BMGs, allows us to investigate the glass forming ability (GFA) of Nd 55 Al 20 Fe 25 alloy using the reduced glass transition temperature Trg and the recently defined parameter γ. However, it is found that the obtained diameter of the Nd 55 Al 20 Fe 25 glassy rod is much larger than the critical section thickness of the BMG predicted by either Trg or γ. The microstructure of Nd 55 Al 20 Fe 25 as-cast rod was studied and the apparent GFA of the alloy was supposed to be enhanced by the metastable nano-precipitates dispersed within the glassy matrix.

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16

Gaskell, P. H. "Solid state physics: Unravelling disorder in glass." Nature 317, no. 6035 (September 1985): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/317285a0.

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17

Hunter, Gary L., and Eric R. Weeks. "The physics of the colloidal glass transition." Reports on Progress in Physics 75, no. 6 (May 16, 2012): 066501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/75/6/066501.

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18

Cable, Michael. "The physics and chemistry of glass-making." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 84, no. 1-3 (July 1986): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(86)90757-x.

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19

永瀬, 丈嗣. "“Physics of Crystal-to-Glass Transformations” Solid State Physics, Volume 52." Materia Japan 61, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.61.168.

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20

Greaves, G. N., M. C. Wilding, F. Kargl, and L. Hennet. "Liquids, Glasses, Density Fluctuations and Low Frequency Modes." Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.3.

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An overview is given of recent advances in the experimental physics of supercooled liquids and glasses. These are described in the context of measurements of non-ergodicity, viscosity and low frequency dynamics. Particular attention is paid to recently reported correlations between melt fragility and the vibrational and mechanical properties of the ensuing glass. Low frequency vibrations are discussed in relation to the Boson peak that characterises the glassy state. Throughout the over-arching role of density fluctuations in glass formation is stressed together with the experimental tools now available to characterise heterogeneity.

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21

Kim, Hwan Sik, Yoo Taek Kim, Gi Gang Lee, Jung Hwan Kim, and Seung Gu Kang. "Corrosion of Silicate Glasses and Glass-Ceramics Containing EAF Dust in Acidic Solution." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1585.

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The corrosion behavior of glass and glass-ceramics fabricated with silicate glass frit mixed with 50~70 wt% EAF dust in the acidic solution was analyzed by both heavy metal leaching test and microstructural observation. The crystallization temperature, Tc of glassy specimens was around 850 measured by DTA and the heat treatment temperature to crystallize a glassy specimen was selected as 950 / 1 hr. The spinel crystal peaks were found in XRD analysis for the glass containing dust > 60 wt%. For the glass-ceramics, however, the spinel peaks in a specimen containing dust > 50 wt% was found with weak willemite peaks. The glass and glass-ceramic specimens showed the first stage of corroding reaction according to Clark models in acidic solution. The glass-ceramic specimens showed much lower a heavy metal leaching concentration than that of glass specimens in the corrosion test in acidic solution of pH=2.95. Especially, the glass-ceramics containing dust 60 wt% showed a heavy metal leaching concentration of 66 % Pb, 60 % Zn and 98 % Fe lower than that of glass specimens due to crystal phases formed, thermodynamically more stable than a glass network structure. From the leaching test that more Zn ion leached out than Fe ion, the spinel crystal phase [ZnFe2O4] showed better corrosion resistant in the acidic solution than the willemite [Zn2SiO4].

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22

Ren, Xiaobing. "Strain glass and ferroic glass - Unusual properties from glassy nano-domains." physica status solidi (b) 251, no. 10 (September 11, 2014): 1982–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201451351.

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23

Ma, H., E. Ma, and J. Xu. "A new Mg65Cu7.5Ni7.5Zn5Ag5Y10 bulk metallic glass with strong glass-forming ability." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 10 (October 2003): 2288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0319.

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We report a new Mg-based bulk metallic glass-forming alloy: Mg65Cu7.5Ni7.5Zn5 Ag5Y10. The alloy exhibits a glass-forming ability significantly stronger than all previously discovered Mg-based glass formers. Fully glassy rods 9 mm in diameter can be obtained by using copper mold casting. The critical cooling rate for glass formation was estimated to be <50 Ks−1. The reduced glass-transition temperature (Trg) of the glass was determined to be 0.59.

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24

Tesh, Sarah, and Tushna Commissariat. "Welcome to the age of glass." Physics World 35, no. 6 (August 1, 2022): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/35/06/20.

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25

Buonsante, P., F. Massel, V. Penna, and A. Vezzani. "Glassy features of a Bose glass." Laser Physics 18, no. 5 (May 2008): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054660x08050174.

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26

Lehmann, Jean-Claude. "Glass and glass products." Europhysics News 37, no. 6 (November 2006): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn:2006602.

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27

Zhu, G. H., H. C. Li, I. Underwood, and Z. H. Li. "Specific surface area and neutron scattering analysis of water’s glass transition and micropore collapse in amorphous solid water." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 31 (November 10, 2019): 1950391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919503913.

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Physico-chemical instability is commonly associated with the amorphous state, and the understanding of instability mechanisms (e.g. the glass transition) involved is essential in designing pharmaceutical products. The glass transition of bulk water might occur at 210 K [Oguni et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 115 (2011) 14023] but it was recently proposed the glass transition of water could happen around 121 K [C. R. Hill et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016) 215501]. Note that molecular self-inclusions in a glassy water show relaxation features that are characteristically different from those observed in thermodynamically stable, crystalline solids with inclusions. Here we point out some doubtful results and calculations in Hill et al.’s work [C. R. Hill et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016) 215501] which was based on the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. We also made some remarks about the possible mistakes in their previous works [C. Mitterdorfer, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 (2014) 16013] considering the calculation of the specific surface area. The latter is crucial to the doubtful fixing of the glass transition temperature in Hill et al.’s work [C. R. Hill et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016) 215501].

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28

Zhang, L. C., Z. Q. Shen, and J. Xu. "Glass formation in a (Ti, Zr, Hf)–(Cu, Ni, Ag)–Al high-order alloy system by mechanical alloying." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 9 (September 2003): 2141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0300.

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In this work, glass formation under high-energy ball milling was investigated for a (Ti0.33Zr0.33Hf0.33)50(Ni0.33Cu0.33Ag0.33)40Al10 high-order alloy system with equiatomic substitution for early and late transition-metal contents. For comparison, an amorphous alloy ribbon with the same composition was prepared using the melt-spinning method as well. Structural features of the samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Mechanical alloying resulted in a glassy alloy similar to that obtained by melt spinning. However, the glass formation was incomplete, and a small amount of unreacted crystallites smaller than 30 nm in size still remained in the final ball-milled product. Like the melt-spun glass, the ball-milled glassy alloy also exhibited a distinct glass transition and a wide supercooled liquid region of about 80 K. Crystallization of this high-order glassy alloy proceeded through two main stages. After the primary nanocrystallization was completed, the remaining amorphous phase also behaved as a glass, showing a detectable glass transition and a large supercooled liquid region of about 100 K.

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29

Wei, Wen-Hou. "Effects of chemical composition and mean coordination number on glass transitions in Ge–Sb–Se glasses." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 36 (December 13, 2017): 1750342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917503420.

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Glass transitions in the Ge–Sb–Se glasses were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under non-isothermal conditions. The glass transition temperature [Formula: see text], activation energy of glass transition [Formula: see text], and fragility index as functions of the mean coordination number (MCN) and atomic percent of Ge were examined. The maximum value of [Formula: see text] in each group of the glasses occurred at the chemically stoichiometric composition, suggesting a glass transition threshold. The [Formula: see text] and fragility index were calculated from the heating rate dependence of [Formula: see text]. Both [Formula: see text] and fragility index show the minima at MCN = 2.4 which can be attributed to the structural phase transition of a covalently glassy network at MCN = 2.4. The analysis of the experimental results suggests that both the chemical composition and MCN have significant effects on the glass transitions in Ge–Sb–Se glasses.

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30

Woo, Heesu, Jiwan Kim, and Seunggu Kang. "Study of Anti-Glare Pattern Forming Process by Glass Etching for Improved Image Quality." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 1937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18930.

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In this paper, the anti-glare characteristics of strengthened glass used in the dashboard of automobiles were improved to enhanced the ability of the driver to read the display. To this end, the glass surface was etched with a solution containing HF as a main component. We adjusted the concentration of the etching solution and the etching time as variables, and the transmittance, gloss, haze value, etc. of the etched glass were measured. On the etched glass surface, an irregular pattern mainly containing dioxonium hexa-fluorosilicate crystal phases was generated, and controlling the pattern could improve the anti-glare characteristics of the glass. With higher concentration of the etching solution and longer etching time, the light transmittance, reflectance, and gloss of the etched glass were accordingly lower, while the haze value increased. We discussed the relationship between these property changes and the surface microstructure, pattern components, and roughness of the etched glass.

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31

YU, Z. H., D. DING, T. LU, L. XIA, and Y. D. DONG. "EFFECT OF MINOR Al ADDITION ON GLASS-FORMING ABILITY AND THERMAL STABILITY OF Zr–Cu BINARY ALLOY." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 20 (August 10, 2010): 2143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910024511.

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By adding 2 at.% Al element in Zr 50 Cu 50 binary glass-forming alloy, we obtained Zr 50 Cu 48 Al 2 glassy rods with diameter larger than 3 mm. The reduced glass transition temperature, parameter γ and the critical section thickness obtained from the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) traces indicate the better glass-forming ability (GFA) of Zr 50 Cu 48 Al 2 bulk metallic glass (BMG). The super-cooled liquid region and the continuous heating transformation diagram constructed from Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann fitting of crystallization temperature illustrate the enhanced thermal stability of the Zr 50 Cu 48 Al 2 BMG. The mechanism of effect of minor Al addition on GFA was investigated in more detail from Angell's fragility concept and from the thermodynamic point of view respectively.

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32

Li, Tian, and Guangping Zheng. "The influences of glass–glass interfaces and Ni additions on magnetic properties of transition-metal phosphide nano-glasses." AIP Advances 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 085229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0088043.

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In this work, a novel kind of non-crystalline materials, the metallic nano-glasses (NGs), is synthesized, and the influences of glass–glass interfaces (GGIs) and Ni additions on the structural and thermodynamics properties, as well as the magnetism of (Co, Fe, Ni)–P NGs with various sizes of glassy grains (Davg) are studied systematically. The addition of Ni and the reduction of Davg are found to improve the glass forming abilities of NGs. The influences of volume fractions of GGIs on the magnetism of NGs are analyzed by Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization hysteresis measurements. It is found that the soft magnetic properties of (Co, Fe)–P NGs with reduced Davg can be dramatically improved, as compared with micro-structured samples. Thus, this work has an in-depth understanding of the structural properties and magnetism of NGs as affected by the glass–glass interfaces in magnetic NGs.

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33

Kang, Heng, Ji Wang, Yanhui Zhang, Zijing Li, Shidong Feng, Juntao Huo, and Li-Min Wang. "Understanding of glass-forming ability of Zr–Cu alloys from the perspective of vibrational entropy of crystalline phases." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 21 (June 7, 2022): 215103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093785.

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Glass formation is of fundamental importance for understanding the origin of glass transition and the design of new bulk metallic glasses. However, its nature has been extremely elusive and intangible over the past few decades. By combining experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations, we explored the mystery of glass-forming ability from the perspective of vibrational entropy in the prototypic Zr–Cu alloys. Our results suggest that the excess vibrational entropy of crystalline states and the low-frequency vibration modes can disclose the underlying physics behind good glass formers. The former works as an excellent indicator of glass formability to guide the more efficient composition design of novel glasses.

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34

Sun, Xiaoyan, Huaguang Wang, Hao Feng, Zexin Zhang, and Yuqiang Ma. "Observation of the Pinning-Induced Crystal-Hexatic-Glass Transition in Two-Dimensional Colloidal Suspensions." Chinese Physics Letters 38, no. 10 (November 1, 2021): 106101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/38/10/106101.

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Identification of the glass formation process in various conditions is of importance for fundamental understanding of the mechanism of glass transitions as well as for developments and applications of glassy materials. We investigate the role of pinning in driving the transformation of crystal into glass in two-dimensional colloidal suspensions of monodisperse microspheres. The pinning is produced by immobilizing a fraction of microspheres on the substrate of sample cells where the mobile microspheres sediment. Structurally, the crystal-hexatic-glass transition occurs with increasing the number fraction of pinning ρ pinning, and the orientational correlation exhibits a change from quasi-long-range to short-range order at ρ pinning = 0.02. Interestingly, the dynamics shows a non-monotonic change with increasing the fraction of pinning. This is due to the competition between the disorder that enhances the dynamics and the pinning that hinders the particle motions. Our work highlights the important role of the pinning on the colloidal glass transition, which not only provides a new strategy to prevent crystallization forming glass, but also is helpful for understanding of the vitrification in colloidal systems.

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35

Voss, D. "HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS: Nuclei Crash Through The Looking-Glass." Science 291, no. 5506 (February 9, 2001): 962a—962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5506.962a.

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36

Royall, C. Patrick, Robert L. Jack, John Russo, Chiara Cammarota, Juan P. Garrahan, and Peter Sollich. "Preface: Special issue ‘Unifying Concepts in Glass Physics VII’." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2020, no. 10 (October 5, 2020): 104001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/aba897.

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37

Puseljic, D., B. Baumbaugh, J. Bishop, J. Busenitz, N. Cason, J. Cunningham, R. Gardner, et al. "A new scintillating glass for high energy physics applications." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 35, no. 1 (February 1988): 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.12768.

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38

Iancu, Edmond. "Color glass condensate and its relation to HERA physics." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 191 (June 2009): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2009.03.135.

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39

Berezniuk, О. P., I. I. Petrus’, I. D. Olekseyuk, O. V. Zamuruyeva, and M. I. Skipalskiy. "Phase equilibria, glass formation and optical properties of glasses in the Ag2S–BIVS2–CV2S3 systems (BIV–Ge, Sn; CV–As, Sb)." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 23, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.23.1.57-61.

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Phase equilibria of the quasi-ternary systems Ag2S–BIVS2–CV2S3 (BIV– Ge, Sn; CV–As, Sb) were investigated using phase analysis based on XRD. Isothermal sections at 500 Kand glass formation regions in the respective systems were determined. The quasi-binary sections GeS2–As2S3 and GeS2–Sb2S3 of the studied systems exhibit glass formation in the entire concentration range. Large glass formation regions were also found at the Ag2S–GeS2 (0–55 mol.% Ag2S) and Ag2S–As2S3 (0–75 mol.% Ag2S) sections. As the starting compounds As2S3, GеS2 and Sb2S3 are in the glassy state, they act as the glass-forming agents in the quasi-ternary systems. Glass formation regions in the tin-containing systems are significantly smaller than the analogous germanium-containing ones which is due to metal nature resulting in the change from tetrahedral to octahedral surrounding. Glassy materials may possess interesting optical properties, therefore optical absorption spectra at 297 K were measured. Bandgap energy Eg of the glasses of the quasi-binary system GeS2–As2S3 was estimated from the data on the spectral distribution of the absorption coefficient at the fundamental absorption edge. It was found that the addition of As2S3 to germanium (IV) sulfide results in shifting the absorption edge to higher energies.

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40

Dolinšek, J., B. Zalar, and R. Blinc. "Dynamics of Deuteron Glasses as Probed by 2 D Exchange NMR." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 49, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1994): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1994-1-248.

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Abstract The deuteron intra-bond dynamics o f the deuteron glass phase in Rb0. 68(ND4)0.32D2AsO4 has been studied by 2 D exchange NMR which extends the NMR observation window from the kHz region into the milli-Hertz region. The results show that the O -D···O deuterons are indeed the basic reversible two-position dipoles in the structure and that deuteron intra-bond exchange -and thus dipole reversal transition -occurs deeply in the glass phase well below Tg where 1 D NMR techniques observe only frozen static glassy disorder.

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41

Jin, H. J., and K. Lu. "An indirect approach to measure glass transition temperature in metallic glasses." International Journal of Materials Research 97, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2006-0065.

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Abstract Glass transition behavior of metallic glasses under some extraordinary conditions (such as under high pressures) remains unexplored. Conventional measurements of glass transition temperature, T g, are very difficult to perform under these extraordinary circumstances. In the present paper, we introduce an indirect approach to characterize glass transition, using enthalpy recovery experiments. With annealing deeply relaxed glassy samples and subsequent DSC measurements, a variation of enthalpy change upon heating with annealing temperature can be obtained. The variation of enthalpy change, a signature of glass transition, was found to correlate well with the directly measured DSC curves for the glass transition. This unique method was successfully applied in determining T g of several metallic glasses under hydrostatic high pressures and compression stresses.

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42

Lee, Hoi Kwan, Su Jin Chae, and Won Ho Kang. "Preparation and Property of Nonlinear Optical Materials Based on K₂O-BaO-TiO₂-SiO₂ Glasses." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.479.

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Transparent fresnoite(Ba2TiSi2O8) glass-ceramics considered as a new type of non-linear optical materials have been prepared by controlled heat treatment in the system xK2O-(33.3-x)BaO-16.7TiO2-50SiO2(0≤x≤20 mol%), and optical properties were investigated. The glassy nature was analyzed by differential thermal analyses. The transparency of glass-ceramics was variable and controllable by the processing parameters like time and temperature. The transparent glass-ceramics showed second harmonic generation (SHG) when irradiated by a 1064nm laser beam (Nd:YAG). The SHG intensity was compared with a Y-cut α-quartz plate.

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43

Duan, Ya-Juan, and Ji-Chao Qiao. "Dynamic relaxation characteristics and stress relaxation behavior of Pd-based metallic glass." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 8 (2022): 086101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20212025.

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As a potential functional and structural material, high-entropy metallic glasses have aroused tremendous research interest in condense matter physics and mechanics. The correlation between macroscopic mechanic properties and microstructure heterogeneity of high-entropy metallic glasses is one of the most important scientific issues in glassy solids. In the present research, Pd42.5Cu30Ni7.5P20 metallic glass and Pd20Pt20Cu20Ni20P20 high-entropy metallic glass are selected as the model alloys. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and stress relaxation are used to investigate the influences of temperature and physical aging on dynamic mechanical relaxation process and microstructure heterogeneity of the model alloys. The dynamic mechanical analysis results demonstrate that the Pd42.5Cu30Ni7.5P20 metallic glass and Pd20Pt20Cu20Ni20P20 high-entropy metallic glass both exhibit evident β relaxation process. In addition, the atomic mobility of model alloys is reduced in these processes, and the β relaxation shifts toward higher temperatures. In the stress relaxation process, the Gibbs free energy is reduced due to the high configurational entropy. This is the potential reason that high-entropy metallic glass possesses higher activation energy. In parallel, high-entropy metallic glass is more difficult to activate and needs to break through a higher energy barrier. With the increase of physical aging time, the flow unit in high-entropy metallic glass becomes smaller. This also benefits from the high-entropy effects that bring sluggish diffusion into high-entropy metallic glass. The change of activation volume under physical aging of high-entropy metallic glass is less sensitive to stress relaxation than that of metallic glass.

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44

McLerran, Larry. "The Color Glass Condensate: An Intuitive Description." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 04 (February 10, 2006): 694–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06031909.

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I argue that the physics of the scattering of very high energy strongly interacting particles is controlled by a new, universal form of matter, the Color Glass Condensate. I motivate the existence of this matter and describe some of its properties.

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Lu, Tong, Song Ling Liu, Yong Hao Sun, Wei-Hua Wang, and Ming-Xiang Pan. "A Free-Volume Model for Thermal Expansion of Metallic Glass." Chinese Physics Letters 39, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 036401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/39/3/036401.

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Many mechanical, thermal and transport behaviors of polymers and metallic glasses are interpreted by the free-volume model, whereas their applications on thermal expansion behaviors of glasses is rarely seen. Metallic glass has a range of glassy states depending on cooling rate, making their coefficients of thermal expansion vary with the glassy states. Anharmonicity in the interatomic potential is often used to explain different coefficients of thermal expansion in crystalline metals or in different metallic-glass compositions. However, it is unclear how to quantify the change of anharmonicity in the various states of metallic glass of the same composition and to connect it with coefficient of thermal expansion. In the present work, isothermal annealing is applied, and the dimensional changes are measured for La62Al14Cu11.7Ag2.3Ni5Co5 and Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 metallic glasses, from which changes in density and the coefficients of thermal expansion of the specimens are both recorded. The coefficients of thermal expansion linearly decrease with densification reflecting the role of free volume in thermal expansion. Free volume is found to have not only volume but also entity with an effective coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of gases. Therefore, the local regions containing free volume inside the metallic glass are gas-like instead of liquid-like in terms of thermal expansion behaviors.

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46

Kasuga, Toshihiro, Miwako Terada, Masayuki Nogami, and Mitsuo Niinomi. "Machinable calcium pyrophosphate glass-ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 3 (March 2001): 876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0107.

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Glass-ceramics containing a large amount of calcium pyrophosphate (β–Ca2P2O7) crystal were prepared via crystallization and sintering; compacts of a calcium phosphate glass powders with a composition of 60CaO · 30P2O5 · 5TiO2 · 5Na2O (in mol%) were heated for 3–6 h at 850 °C in air. The compacts were densified by the viscous flow of the glassy phases during heating. The calcium phosphate glass-ceramics were found to show a bending strength of approximately 100 MPa, and they were easy to machine, as confirmed by a drilling test using a conventional carbide tool. The machinability is thought to arise from the microstructure consisting predominantly of the interlocking and platelike β–Ca2P2O7 precipitated in the glass.

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47

McEntee, Joe. "Using physics to fuel fibre-optic innovation." Physics World 35, no. 6 (August 1, 2022): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/35/06/32.

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Engineering physicist Christine Tremblay talks to Joe McEntee about the joys of a career spent making fibre-optic networks cheaper, smarter and more resilient, opening the way for telecommunications firms to send voice, data and video streams down hair-thin strands of glass at ever-increasing bit rates.

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Kanishka, R., and V. Bhatnagar. "Characterization and comparison of glass electrodes." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 02 (February 1, 2022): P02039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/02/p02039.

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Abstract This paper presents the study on the characterization of glass electrodes, which are one of the main components of detectors like Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs). The RPCs are being used in various ongoing High Energy Physics experiments, e.g., BELLE at KEK, CMS at LHC, and would be used in the near future experiments e.g., INO-ICAL in India. The characterization of glass electrodes has been done to understand the factors like quality of glass that can help in improving the detector's performance. The glass samples chosen were procured locally Asahi (A), Saint Gobain (S), Modi (M) that are easily available in Indian industry. The characterization includes the tests to study the optical, surface, physical, electrical properties, the composition of glass samples, and leakage currents. This paper adds new information to the existing body of research on the subject. Based on the techniques discussed in the paper a comparison of the measurements among the three different types of glass electrodes has been done. This study helps us to determine the best quality of glass that can be chosen for better operation of the detectors.

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49

Almeida, J. R. L. de. "Glassy behaviour in pyrochlores: a spin glass approach." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 11, no. 21 (January 1, 1999): L223—L227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/11/21/103.

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50

Eidintiene, Natalija, Jelena Grigorianc, Vitalijus Jakobciukas, and Tatjana Volkova. "POSSIBILITIES OF THE RATIONAL USE OF ICT FOR PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY TEACHING." Natural Science Education in a Comprehensive School (NSECS) 20, no. 1 (April 20, 2014): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu/14.20.29.

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The main aim of the modern teacher is formation of students’ stable interest to the offered subject. A teacher’s objective is to create and support motivation of learning. Different methods are used to solve this task. In this article the teachers share their experience on methods at Chemistry and Physics lessons using IT. Physics information kaleidoscope describes learning aids: making an experiment with the help of computer programs and laboratory equipment; a method of electronic reports, tables with calculations; various diagrams and graphs using skills of text and graph editing. A method of team work helps to make learning material more interesting. Chemistry information kaleidoscope presents a lesson description. While explanation of the lesson theme “Glass in Chemistry and Literature” the material is presented from an unusual point of view: There is a parallel between glass concept in Chemistry and Lithuanian literature with an example from the story by D.Urneviciute “Glass House”. To connect logically all lesson stages IT is used. We prepare students for further life and work. That is why it is very important to show them interpenetration and interconnection with different subjects and the use of various IT makes it possible to implement. Key words: chemistry and physics lessons, ICT, laboratory equipment, modern teacher, motivation of learning.

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