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Статті в журналах з теми "GETTHEM"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Froio, Antonio, Fabio Cismondi, Laura Savoldi, and Roberto Zanino. "Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of the EU DEMO Helium-Cooled Pebble Bed Breeding Blanket Using the GETTHEM Code." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 46, no. 5 (May 2018): 1436–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2018.2791678.

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2

Froio, A., A. Del Nevo, E. Martelli, L. Savoldi, and R. Zanino. "Parametric thermal-hydraulic analysis of the EU DEMO Water-Cooled Lithium-Lead First Wall using the GETTHEM code." Fusion Engineering and Design 137 (December 2018): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.10.003.

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3

Froio, Antonio, Andrea Bertinetti, Sergio Ciattaglia, Fabio Cismondi, Laura Savoldi, and Roberto Zanino. "Modelling an in-vessel loss of coolant accident in the EU DEMO WCLL breeding blanket with the GETTHEM code." Fusion Engineering and Design 136 (November 2018): 1226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.04.106.

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4

Lisanti, Fabrizio, Pietro Arena, Roberto Bonifetto, Antonio Froio, Francisco Alberto Hernandez Gonzalez, Gandolfo Alessandro Spagnuolo, and Roberto Zanino. "Modeling the Transport of Activated Corrosion Products in the WCLL PbLi Loop for ITER and the EU DEMO With the GETTHEM Code." IEEE Access 11 (2023): 22614–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3252905.

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5

Froio, Antonio, Andrea Bertinetti, Alessandro Del Nevo, and Laura Savoldi. "Hybrid 1D + 2D Modelling for the Assessment of the Heat Transfer in the EU DEMO Water-Cooled Lithium-Lead Manifolds." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 3525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143525.

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Анотація:

The European demonstration fusion power reactor (EU DEMO) tokamak will be the first European fusion device to produce electricity and to include a breeding blanket (BB). In the framework of the design of the EU DEMO BB, the analysis of the heat transfer between the inlet and outlet manifold of the coolant is needed, to assess the actual cooling capability of the water entering the cooling channels, as well as the actual coolant outlet temperature from the machine. The complex, fully three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer problem is reduced here with a novel approach to a simpler one, decoupling the longitudinal and transverse scales for the heat transport by developing correlations for a conductive heat-transfer problem. While in the longitudinal direction a standard 1D model for the heat transport by fluid advection is adopted, a set of 2D finite elements analyses are run in the transverse direction, in order to lump the 2D heat conduction effects in suitable correlations. Such correlations are implemented in a 1D finite volume model with the 1D GEneral Tokamak THErmal-hydraulic Model (GETTHEM) code (Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy); the proposed approach thus reduces the 3D problem to a 1D one, allowing a parametric evaluation of the heat transfer in the entire blanket with a reduced computational cost. The deviation from nominal inlet and outlet temperature values, for the case of the Water-Cooled Lithium-Lead BB concept, is found to be always below 1.4 K and, in some cases, even to be beneficial. Consequently, the heat transfer among the manifolds at different temperatures can be safely (and conservatively) neglected.

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6

Duff, John C. "Gettier Unscathed for Now." Logos & Episteme 13, no. 3 (2022): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme202213325.

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Анотація:

Moti Mizrahi (2016) argues that Gettier cases are unsuccessful counterexamples to the traditional analysis of knowledge (TAK) because such cases inadequately reveal epistemic failures of justified true belief (JTB); and because Gettier cases merely demonstrate semantic inadequacy, the apparent epistemic force of Gettier cases is misleading. Although Mizrahi claims to have deflated the epistemic force of Gettier cases, I will argue that the presence of semantic deficiency in Gettier cases neither requires nor indicates the denial of the epistemic force of those cases. I will provide an extracted version of Mizrahi’s argument, which I believe to be most charitable to his motivation. Then I will offer a counterexample to a pivotal premise in Mizrahi’s argument, ultimately rendering the argument unsound. Finally, upon the examination of a plausible objection, I conclude that Gettier cases are epistemically sustained.

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7

Hetherington, Stephen. "The Gettier-illusion: Gettier-partialism and infallibilism." Synthese 188, no. 2 (March 25, 2011): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-011-9924-6.

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8

Demin, Timofey S. "Gettier Problem." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 56, no. 3 (2019): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps201956349.

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Анотація:

Theories, that answering the question “What is knowledge?” in analytic epistemology appears under the influence of Gettier cases – a way of refutation such theories of knowledge, that have truth and belief as constituent elements. In the paper were analyzed basic strategies of solving the Gettier problem. One way is to save the analysis of knowledge by changing the elements in order to avoid the Gettier problem. There are three possible ways of doing so: adding new elements to the justification, changing the justification on the other criteria or strengthen the justification in such a way, that it would resolve any possible Gettier cases. For each strategy analysis of the theories of knowledge is given. In the paper idea of the inescapability of Gettier cases for analysis of knowledge was supported by the argumentation of Linda Zagzebski. In that ground, the analysis of knowledge was refuted. From that perspective, two of the most influenced ways of answering the question “what is knowledge” was proposed. First, the irreducible theory of knowledge, where knowledge is a mere state of the mind. Second, rejection existence of the universal invariant of the knowledge in every case. There are multiple senses of what the knowledge is and none of them is prior to other. The author lives as the open question the right way to think about the knowledge. In the closing part of the paper, the author presents a perspective critique of the knowledge problem as the project of overrated significance, and argues for a need to create new arguments that supporting that problem.

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9

Mion, Giovanni. "Grueing Gettier." Logos & Episteme 5, no. 4 (2014): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme20145434.

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10

Kissinger, Gudrun, Dawid Kot, Markus Andreas Schubert, Andreas Sattler, and Timo Müller. "Internal Gettering of Copper for Microelectronic Applications." Solid State Phenomena 242 (October 2015): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.242.236.

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Анотація:

The results of this work have shown that for microelectronic applications, gettering at dislocations is less important and oxygen precipitates are the main getter sink for Cu. Sufficient gettering of Cu in samples contaminated with low Cu concentration requires a higher density and larger oxygen precipitates compared to samples contaminated with high Cu concentration. It is demonstrated that the getter efficiency depends on the contamination level of the samples and getter test with low contamination level must be applied for microelectronic applications. Furthermore, a getter test for 3D chip stack technologies was developed. It was shown that although the wafers are thinned to a thickness of 50 μm their getter efficiency seems to be higher than for wafers of the original thickness. This is assumed to be due to the higher Cu concentration in the thinner wafers which can be gettered easier. It is also demonstrated that BMDs can getter Cu impurities even if the temperature does not exceed 300 °C. The getter efficiency tends to be higher if the samples are stored under day light and not in the dark.

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11

De Raucourt, D. "Gettec." Radiotherapy and Oncology 82 (February 2007): S2—S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(07)80011-9.

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12

Brajkovic, Ema. "Elusive luck: Contextualist approach to the Gettier problem." Theoria, Beograd 64, no. 4 (2021): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo2104083b.

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Анотація:

Lewis' philosophical ambition to eradicate the skeptical threat towards infallibilism was the driving force behind his contextualist approach to knowledge. One of the discerning characteristics of his conversational contextualism is the claim that it can solve the Gettier problem. The first part of this paper will be directed towards explicating the arguments Lewis employed in reaching said solution. The second part will be concerned with Cohen?s critique of the proposed explanation. Cohen?s considerations result in an insight that contextualism does not have the adequate means to answer the Gettier challenge. Finally, I shall make an attempt at further motivating Cohen?s claim by investigating the essential component of Gettier cases - epistemic luck. This will be done by appealing to Pritchard?s concept of veritic epistemic luck. The author?s goal is to suggest that contextualist resources are neither suitable to solve nor exhaustively articulate the Gettier problem.

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13

Zhang, Jiale, Huihui Song, Jinyu Fang, Xueling Hou, Shuiming Huang, Jie Xiang, Tao Lu, and Chao Zhou. "Study on Coated Zr-V-Cr Getter with Pore Gradient Structure for Hydrogen Masers." Materials 15, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 6147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176147.

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As the core component of satellite navigation, the hydrogen maser needs a high vacuum environment to maintain the stability of the frequency signal. The getter pump, composed of various non-evaporable getters, plays an important role in maintaining the high vacuum. In this paper, the Zr100-xCux (x = 0, 2, 4, 6)/Zr56.97V35.85Cr7.18 getter was studied and the contradiction between sorption performance and mechanical properties was solved. The Zr-V-Cr getter, a better candidate for getter pump, exists for problems which will destroy the high vacuum and affect the service life of the hydrogen maser. To solve the problem of dropping powder from Zr-V-Cr getter, Zr-Cu films were coated on the surface of Zr-V-Cr matrix to obtain the pore gradient structure. After vacuum sintering, the interface showed gradient structure and network change in pore structure from Zr-Cu film to Zr-V-Cr matrix. These characteristic structures made Zr-V-Cr getter have good absorption properties, which is better than a similar product of SAES company and mechanical properties. Because the Zr-Cu film on Zr-V-Cr matrix effectively prevented dropping powders from the matrix, (Zr-Cu)/(Zr-V-Cr) getter solved the problem of dropping powder. The self-developed new getter with pore gradient structure is of great significance for maintaining the high vacuum of hydrogen maser in the future.

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14

Khalaj, M. Hosein M. A. "Gettier Cases, Mimicking, and Virtue Reliabilism." Logos & Episteme 13, no. 3 (2022): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme202213323.

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Анотація:

It has been argued that virtue reliabilism faces difficulties in explaining why the “because-of” relation between true belief and the relevant competence is absent in Gettier cases. However, prominent proponents of this view such as Sosa and Turri suggest that these difficulties can be overcome by invoking the manifestation relation. In his Judgment and Agency, Sosa supports this claim based on an analogy between Gettier cases and what in the literature on dispositions is called mimic cases. While there are initial motivations for the alleged analogy, I claim there are at least two arguments against it: 1. there is an asymmetry in the nature of context-sensitivity between the problem of mimicking and the Gettier problem; 2. while causal deviance and double luck can be found in both the mimic case and the Gettier case, their causal processes are different in important respects, making it challenging to see them as both falling under the same category. If these arguments are on the right track, the upshot is that virtue reliablists such as Sosa and Turri who describe the “because-of” relation in terms of the manifestation relation still owe us an account of why the manifestation relation is absent in Gettier cases.

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15

Ogar, Tom Eneji, and Edor J. Edor. "THE NOTHINGNESS OF THE GETTIER PROBLEM." Social Sciences, Humanities and Education Journal (SHE Journal) 1, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/she.v1i3.7553.

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Анотація:

This work, “The Nothingness” of the Gettier Problem is an attempt to deconstruct the popularly held view that a fourth condition may be necessary for the Traditional Account of Knowledge otherwise known as JTB. Plato, it was who championed the traditional account of knowledge as justified Belief in response to the agitation of the skeptics notably Georgias and Protagoras. This tripartite account held sway until Edmund Gettier Challenged the position with his article “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?” Since this challenge, scholars have tried to solve what has become known as the Gettier Problem by trying to fashion out a fourth condition to JTB. This work argues that the celebrated Gettier counter-examples in the challenge of the tripartite account is a "nothingness". The traditional account is rather fundamental in knowledge claim, hence any new vista in form of additional information on JTB should not invalidate it. The textual analysis was adopted as a method for this research.

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16

Xia, Hua, Jeffrey Vriens, and David DeWire. "Uptake Rate of Hydrogen Getter for Effectively Removing Outgassed H2 from Microelectronic Packages." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2020, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 000298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2020.1.000298.

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Abstract Hydrogen absorption kinetic properties of palladium foil-based getter elements have been studied by manometric method based pressure amplitude measurement. The getter H2 uptake rate can be simply converted by pressure amplitude change, and can be fairly described by a mixed gas sorption modeling analysis. It has been found that the sorption rate of Pd-based getter element has a maximum rate of 40 ppm/min at initial absorption stage but it gets slowly down to 0.5ppm/min when approaching maximum sorption capacity, determined by a getter foil thickness. Based on different H2 outgassing rates of metal and polymer based package materials, a safety factor based methodology has been proposed for down selecting an appropriate getter element that can effectively removing outgassed H2 from microelectronic packages.

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17

Matsumae, Takashi, Shingo Kariya, Yuichi Kurashima, Le Hac Huong Thu, Eiji Higurashi, Masanori Hayase, and Hideki Takagi. "Wafer-Scale Room-Temperature Bonding of Smooth Au/Ti-Based Getter Layer for Vacuum Packaging." Sensors 22, no. 21 (October 24, 2022): 8144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218144.

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Анотація:

This study demonstrates room-temperature bonding using a getter layer for the vacuum packaging of microsystems. A thick Ti layer covered with an Au layer is utilized as a getter layer because it can absorb gas molecules in the package. Additionally, smooth Au surfaces can form direct bonds for hermetic sealing at room temperature. Direct bonding using a getter layer can simplify the vacuum packaging process; however, typical getter layers are rough in bonding formation. This study demonstrates two fabrication techniques for smooth getter layers. In the first approach, the Au/Ti layer is bonded to an Au layer on a smooth SiO2 template, and the Au/SiO2 interface is mechanically exfoliated. Although the root-mean-square roughness was reduced from 2.00 to 0.98 nm, the surface was still extremely rough for direct bonding. In the second approach, an Au/Ti/Au multilayer on a smooth SiO2 template is bonded with a packaging substrate, and the Au/SiO2 interface is exfoliated. The transferred Au/Ti/Au getter layer has a smooth surface with the root-mean-square roughness of 0.54 nm and could form wafer-scale direct bonding at room temperature. We believe that the second approach would allow a simple packaging process using direct bonding of the getter layer.

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18

Kuzina, Yu, V. Alekseev, A. Sorokin, I. Voronin, M. Konovalov, and R. Zykova. "INVESTIGATION OF GETTER PURIFICATION OF SODIUM FROM OXYGEN." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2020, no. 3 (September 26, 2020): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2020-3-110-116.

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The article focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the new concept of a combined sodium oxygen purification module. The combined purification module includes a combination of two modules: chemisorption purification with a soluble getter and high-temperature getter purification with a high-temperature getter. A special zirconium alloy in a finely dispersed granular form can be used as a high-temperature getter. Other materials (e.g. titanium and various alloys) can be used and must be tested accordingly. At the first stage of the work, research was carried out on the module for chemisorption purification of sodium from oxygen at the Protva-1 stand, which showed the effectiveness of purification using the proposed getter materials, at the second, research on the module for high-temperature getter purification. For 20 hours of operation of the chemisorption module, the oxygen concentration in sodium was reduced by 12 ppm (3 g oxygen), while 4.5 g of magnesium reacted (the initial mass of magnesium was 25 g). According to the results of experiments in the sodium loop, the decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen in sodium during purification with a zirconium getter for 20 h was about 50 ppm. Two promising options for the development of a combined module for the purification of sodium from oxygen are proposed. Experimental justifications of selected chemisorbent, getter and filtering material are carried out. The main part of the study is analysis of chemisorption efficiency, purification process dynamics and influence on it of temperature factor for selected chemisorbent.

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19

Forecki, Piotr. "Kwietniowe gadanie. Polskie flagi nad gettem." Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, no. 10 (December 1, 2014): 673–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.32927/zzsim.545.

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Анотація:

W kwietniu 2013 r. przypadła 70. rocznica powstania w getcie warszawskim i stała się ona istotnym wydarzeniem dyskursywnym. Na temat powstania głos zabrali przedstawiciele polskich elit symbolicznych, co pozwoliło dobitnie się przekonać, z jaką dominującą narracją o powstaniu w getcie warszawskim mamy obecnie do czynienia. Ponadto w tym „odświętnym” czasie toczyły się dyskusje, które samego powstania wprawdzie bezpośrednio nie dotyczyły, ale prowadzone były właśnie w kwietniu 2013 r., współtworząc okołorocznicowy dyskurs publiczny. Doszło do nich w efekcie rozmowy z Krzysztofem Jasiewiczem, zamieszczonej w magazynie „Focus Historia Ekstra”, projekcji niemieckiego serialu Nasze matki, nasi ojcowie, zapowiedzi erygowania pomnika poświęconego polskim Sprawiedliwym nieopodal Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich oraz treści wywiadu, jakiego Elżbieta Janicka udzieliła Polskiej Agencji Prasowej. Wszystkie te dyskusje pokazały, jakie są reguły publicznego mówienia o postawach Polaków wobec Żydów w czasie Zagłady, które tematy wciąż pozostają spowite tabu, a zarazem jak kształtuje się mapa świętych miejsc w polskiej pamięci zbiorowej.

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20

Kim, Minsun, and Yuan Yuan. "NO CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE GETTIER CAR CASE INTUITION: A REPLICATION STUDY OF WEINBERG ET AL. 2001." Episteme 12, no. 3 (March 18, 2015): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2015.17.

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AbstractIn “Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions” (NEI), Weinberg, Nichols and Stich famously argue from empirical data that East Asians and Westerners have different intuitions about Gettier-style cases. We attempted to replicate their study about the Gettier Car Case. Our study used the same methods and case taken verbatim, but sampled an East Asian population 2.5 times greater than NEI's 23 participants. We found no evidence supporting the existence of cross-cultural difference about the intuition concerning the case. Taken together with the failures of both of the existing replication studies (Nagel et al. 2013; Seyedsayamdost 2014), our data provide strong evidence that the purported cross-cultural difference in intuitions about Gettier-style cases does not exist.

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21

Li, Teng Fei, Yan Zhang, Xiu Ying Wei, Peng Yuan, and Chang Hui Mao. "Study on Property of Ti-Based Nonevoparobal Getter." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.212.

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The getters composed with Titanium and Zr-V-Fe were prepared by conventional powder metallurgical technology. The sorption properties and mechanical strength of the Ti-Zr-V-Fe getter prepared with three different average particle sizes of Titanium powder were investigated. The results showed that the smaller Titanium powders particle size can effectively improve the property of the nonevoparobal getter, but if particle size is too small, the sorption of the getter will decrease. The getter which was added with Titanium powder of 48μm has the best hydrogen sorption capability. With the decrease of the size of Titanium powder, mechanical strength will be improved remarkably. In the paper, the sorption characteristics for different gases were analyzed initially and the understanding for Zr-based getter is more extensive. The results show that the getters can adsorb activated gases, such as H2, N2 and CO. The pumping speed for H2 is best than that for N2 and CO.

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22

Pedersen, Willy. "Sosiologi i gettoen." Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift 27, no. 04 (November 29, 2010): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-3053-2010-04-08.

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23

Rosenberg, Göran. "Tilbake til gettoen." Samtiden 116, no. 04 (March 11, 2008): 120–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1890-0690-2007-04-14.

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24

Greco, John. "Epistemologia Pós-Gettier." Veritas (Porto Alegre) 60, no. 3 (June 10, 2016): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2015.3.24265.

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25

Atkins, Philip. "Getting Gettier Right." Logos & Episteme 8, no. 3 (2017): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme20178326.

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26

Sturgeon, S. "The Gettier Problem." Analysis 53, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/53.3.156.

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27

Hanfling, O. "A Gettier drama." Analysis 63, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/63.3.262.

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28

Machery, Edouard, Stephen Stich, David Rose, Amita Chatterjee, Kaori Karasawa, Noel Struchiner, Smita Sirker, Naoki Usui, and Takaaki Hashimoto. "Gettier Across Cultures1." Noûs 51, no. 3 (August 13, 2015): 645–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nous.12110.

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29

DeVries, Scott M. "Borges Scoops Gettier." Philosophy and Literature 41, no. 1A (2017): 288–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/phl.2017.0034.

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30

Le Morvan, Pierre. "Knowledge before Gettier." British Journal for the History of Philosophy 25, no. 6 (May 22, 2017): 1216–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2017.1320968.

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31

JACKSON, FRANK. "On Gettier Holdouts." Mind & Language 26, no. 4 (September 2011): 468–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.2011.01427.x.

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32

Hofmann, Frank. "GETTIER FOR JUSTIFICATION." Episteme 11, no. 3 (May 15, 2014): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2014.12.

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Анотація:

AbstractI will present a problem for any externalist evidentialism that allows for accidental possession of evidence. There are Gettier cases for justification. I will describe two such cases – cases involving veridical hallucination. An analysis of the cases is given, along the lines of (reliabilist) virtue epistemology (cf. Sosa, Greco). The cases show that certain externalist evidentialist accounts of justification do not provide sufficient conditions. The reason lies in the fact that one can be luckily in possession of evidence, and then one will not have a justified belief. Justified belief requires an anti-luck condition on possession of evidence. This opens up the prospects of a unified virtue-epistemology covering both knowledge and justification.

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33

Stone, Jim. "‘Unlucky’ Gettier Cases." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 94, no. 3 (May 17, 2013): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papq.12006.

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34

Buckwalter, Wesley. "Gettier made ESEE." Philosophical Psychology 27, no. 3 (January 16, 2013): 368–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2012.730965.

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35

Hetherington, Stephen Cade. "Gettier and scepticism." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 70, no. 3 (September 1992): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048409212345171.

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36

Nissan-Rozen, Ittay. "Newcomb meets Gettier." Synthese 194, no. 12 (July 28, 2016): 4799–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-016-1169-y.

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37

Bourim, El-Mostafa, Hee Kim, and Nak-Kwan Chung. "Development and Characterization of Non-Evaporable Getter Thin Films with Ru Seeding Layer for MEMS Applications." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100490.

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Анотація:

Mastering non-evaporable getter (NEG) thin films by elucidating their activation mechanisms and predicting their sorption performances will contribute to facilitating their integration into micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). For this aim, thin film based getters structured in single and multi-metallic layered configurations deposited on silicon substrates such as Ti/Si, Ti/Ru/Si, and Zr/Ti/Ru/Si were investigated. Multilayered NEGs with an inserted Ru seed sub-layer exhibited a lower temperature in priming the activation process and a higher sorption performance compared to the unseeded single Ti/Si NEG. To reveal the gettering processes and mechanisms in the investigated getter structures, thermal activation effect on the getter surface chemical state change was analyzed with in-situ temperature XPS measurements, getter sorption behavior was measured by static pressure method, and getter dynamic sorption performance characteristics was measured by standard conductance (ASTM F798–97) method. The correlation between these measurements allowed elucidating residual gas trapping mechanism and prediction of sorption efficiency based on the getter surface poisoning. The gettering properties were found to be directly dependent on the different changes of the getter surface chemical state generated by the activation process. Thus, it was demonstrated that the improved sorption properties, obtained with Ru sub-layer based multi-layered NEGs, were related to a gettering process mechanism controlled simultaneously by gas adsorption and diffusion effects, contrarily to the single layer Ti/Si NEG structure in which the gettering behavior was controlled sequentially by surface gas adsorption until reaching saturation followed then by bulk diffusion controlled gas sorption process.

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38

Cervantes Bispo, Lucas Jairo. "DEFINIÇÃO TRIPARTIDA DO CONHECIMENTO E A CRÍTICA DE GETTIER." PÓLEMOS – Revista de Estudantes de Filosofia da Universidade de Brasília 9, no. 17 (February 10, 2020): 154–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/pl.v9i17.26923.

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O presente texto tem como objeto a definição tripartida do conhecimento como crença verdadeira justificada, tal como apresentada no Teeteto de Platão e hegemonicamente entendida pela epistemologia analítica contemporânea, e a crítica a ela por Edmund Gettier em seu artigo “É a crença verdadeira justificada conhecimento?”. A pretensão é expor reflexivamente considerações introdutórias fundamentais acerca de ambas. Para isso, primeiro distinguir-se-ão três tipos de conhecimento, destacando-se o proposicional como aquele em jogo na definição tripartida e na crítica de Gettier; em segundo lugar, apresentar-se-á a estrutura da definição tripartida, suas partes, a relação entre elas, com as intuições pré-teóricas presentes nas mesmas e com o que excluem; por fim, explicar-se-á a crítica de Gettier, evidenciando-se seus pressupostos, estrutura, razões e finalidades.

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39

Church, Ian Michael. "50 Years of Gettier: A New Direction in Religious Epistemology?" Journal of Analytic Theology 3 (May 5, 2015): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12978/jat.2015-3.080013020707.

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In this paper, I lend credence to the move toward non-reductive religious epistemology by highlighting the systematic failings of Alvin Plantinga’s seminal, religious epistemology when it comes to surmounting the Gettier Problem. Taking Plantinga’s account as archetypal, I argue that we have systematic reasons to believe that no reductive theory of knowledge (religious or otherwise) can viably surmount the Gettier Problem, that the future of religious epistemology lies in non-reductive models of knowledge.

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40

Ward, Andrew. "Gettier Cases, Knowledge and Experimental Inquiry." Southwest Philosophy Review 37, no. 1 (2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/swphilreview202137112.

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In 1963, Edmund Gettier published a short paper in the journal Analysis. That paper, entitled “Is Justifi ed True Belief Knowledge?,” purported to demonstrate that even though a person is justified in believing a true proposition p, having that justified true belief (JTB) is not sufficient for the person knowing that p (Gettier, 1963). In particular, Gettier presented examples purporting to show that a person may have a justified true belief, but the belief is, in one way or another, a “lucky belief,” and so the person having the justified true belief that p does not know that p. In what follows, I argue that justified, but luckily true beliefs do count as knowledge. What is important is that there is a limited ability to generalize from such cases, suggesting that many, if not most of what we count as instances of knowledge are, to a greater or lesser extent, localized.

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41

Levi, Don S. "The Gettier Problem and the Parable of the Ten Coins." Philosophy 70, no. 271 (January 1995): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100042054.

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‘Where have you been?’ I expect philosophers to ask me this when I tell them that this paper is on the Gettier Problem. I found it difficult to participate in the discussion of the problem until now because instead of wanting to consider what could be done to revive the project of identifying necessary and conditions for knowledge after the apparent damage done to it by Gettier counter-examples, I wanted to question the legitimacy of the project itself.

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42

Beebe, James R., and Joseph Shea. "GETTIERIZED KNOBE EFFECTS." Episteme 10, no. 3 (August 7, 2013): 219–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2013.23.

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AbstractWe report experimental results showing that participants are more likely to attribute knowledge in familiar Gettier cases when the would-be knowers are performing actions that are negative in some way (e.g. harmful, blameworthy, norm-violating) than when they are performing positive or neutral actions. Our experiments bring together important elements from the Gettier case literature in epistemology and the Knobe effect literature in experimental philosophy and reveal new insights into folk patterns of knowledge attribution.

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43

Stephens, Andreas. "Consistency and Shifts in Gettier Cases." Logos & Episteme 12, no. 3 (2021): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme202112324.

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Two Gettier cases are described in detail and it is shown how they unfold in terms of reflective and reflexive desiderata. It is argued that the Gettier problem does not pose a problem for conceptions of knowledge as long as we are consistent in how we understand justification and knowledge. It is only by reading the cases with a reflective understanding of justification but a reflexive understanding of knowledge, without acknowledging that this takes place, that the cases become ‘problems.’

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44

Douven, Igor. "A Contextualist Solution to the Gettier Problem." Grazer Philosophische Studien 69, no. 1 (July 1, 2005): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-069001011.

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According to the deontological view on justification, being justified in believing some proposition is a matter of having done one's epistemic duty with respect to that proposition. The present paper argues that, given a proper articulation of the deontological view, it is defensible that knowledge is justified true belief, virtually all epistemologists since Gettier. One important claim to be argued for is that once it is appreciated that it depends on contextual factors whether a person has done her epistemic duty with respect to a given proposition, many so-called Gettier cases, which are supposed to be cases of justified true belief that are not cases of knowledge, will be seen to be not really cases of justified belief after all. A second important claim is that the remaining alleged Gettier cases can be qualified as cases of knowledge. This requires that we countenance a notion of epistemic luck, but the requisite kind of luck is of a quite benign nature.

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45

Yamamoto, Hideya, and Daisuke Ogura. "Study on the temperature dependence of gas permeation and adsorption behavior of the vacuum insulation panel with getter materials." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 21001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017221001.

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Vacuum insulation panel (VIP) is a high-performance heat insulation material that has contributed to the energy efficiency of refrigerators, vending machines, and cooler boxes. Glass wool or fumed silica covered by a laminated film are the core materials of VIP; by evacuating air inside, it is possible to reduce the gas thermal conductivity to be close to 0 and exhibit high thermal performance. In recent years, the research on long-term performance prediction has been conducted for use in building insulation. Specifically, various getter materials have been developed to improve the long-term performance of glass wool VIP. However, there are no studies that clearly show the adsorption behavior or temperature dependence inside VIP with getter materials. We measured the adsorption temperature dependence of two types of getters using the constant volume method and then observed the adsorption behavior inside VIP using VIP equipped with a micro pressure sensor. Regarding the internal pressure of VIPs equipped with the micro pressure sensor, the pressure fluctuation derived from the adsorbent was confirmed by the temperature change, and it was confirmed that the thermal conductivity changed accordingly. If the internal temperature of VIP increases, gases may be released from the getter. Therefore, in the building environment, it is necessary to select a getter that is suitable for the usage environment and to use an appropriate amount of getter.

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46

Hetherington, Stephen. "The Gettier Non-Problem." Logos & Episteme 1, no. 1 (2010): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme20101123.

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47

Atkins, Philip. "Are Gettier Cases Misleading?" Logos & Episteme 7, no. 3 (2016): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme20167335.

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48

Cath, Yuri. "Revisionary intellectualism and Gettier." Philosophical Studies 172, no. 1 (January 4, 2014): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-013-0263-y.

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49

Hughes, Nick. "IS KNOWLEDGE THE ABILITY TO ϕ FOR THE REASON THAT P?" Episteme 11, № 4 (6 червня 2014): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2014.16.

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AbstractHyman (1999, 2006) argues that knowledge is best conceived as a kind of ability: S knows that p iff S can ϕ for the reason that p. Hyman motivates this thesis by appealing to Gettier cases. I argue that it is counterexampled by a certain kind of Gettier case where the fact that p is a cause of the subject's belief that p. One can ϕ for the reason that p even if one does not know that p. So knowledge is not best conceived as an ability of this kind.

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50

Kot, Dawid, Gudrun Kissinger, Markus Andreas Schubert, Timo Müller, and Andreas Sattler. "Impact of RTA on the Morphology of Oxygen Precipitates and on the Getter Efficiency for Cu and Ni in Si Wafers." Materials Science Forum 725 (July 2012): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.725.239.

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The influence of RTA pre-treatments on the morphology of oxygen precipitates in silicon wafers as deduced from haze getter tests was confirmed by FTIR and TEM investigations. Based on the results of the getter tests, the ratio between the density of plate-like and octahedral precipitates was calculated for RTA pre-treated silicon samples.

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