Дисертації з теми "Gestion durable des résistances"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Gestion durable des résistances".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Janzac, Bérenger. "Risques de contournement et stratégies de gestion durable des résistances aux potyvirus chez le piment." Montpellier SupAgro, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSAM0038.
Повний текст джерелаNilusmas, Samuel. "Gestion durable des nématodes à galles en culture maraîchère par la modélisation et l’optimisation du déploiement de variétés résistantes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4086.
Повний текст джерелаRoot-knot nematodes are obligate soil-borne endoparasites of plant roots that cause major yield losses throughout the world. Environmentally-friendly plant protection methods against root-knot nematodes are mainly based on the use of resistant plant cultivars. These cultivars efficiently control nematode populations naturally present in the field, but they favour the emergence of virulent variants that circumvent the resistance genes carried by these cultivars. Since virulence is associated with fitness costs, which limit the virulent nematode ability to infest plant roots or reproduce, susceptible crops counter-select virulent nematodes. The aim of this thesis is to identify effective and sustainable resistance deployment strategies to control root-knot nematodes in horticultural crops. To this end, we developed a semi-discrete epidemiological model describing the nematode dynamics in the soil and in the roots of a resistant or susceptible plant during its growing season, as well as the survival of nematodes in the soil between cropping seasons. The model was fitted to experimental data of within-season infestation of susceptible tomato roots. It was used to determine the rotation strategies alternating susceptible and resistant plants that maximise an average yield proxy, over different time horizons and for different combinations of epidemiological intensity and genetic parameters (mutation rate and virulence costs). Moreover, sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the plant resistance deployment strategies. Our results show that carefully designed rotation strategies would not only increase crop yield, but also preserve the sustainability of resistance genes. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of our results. This thesis opens both experimental and modelling perspectives for a better control of root-knot nematodes
Gracianne, Cécile. "De la génétique des populations à la gestion durable des résistances : intérêt de l'étude des populations sauvages des pathogènes des cultures. Cas de deux nématodes à kystes et de leur hôte sauvage commun." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSARA074/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe sustainable management of genetic resistances to crop pathogens needs to consider their evolutionary potential. The evolutionary potential results both from the evolutionary history and the current population dynamics of pathogens, which can be affected by human activities occurring in agro-ecosystems. Therefore, they should be described and evaluated on wild pathogen populations free of human-mediated disturbances. The aim of this work is twofold (1) assessing the evolutionary history of two cysts nematodes, Heterodera schachtii and Heterodera betae, and their common wild host, Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima, in wild populations sampled on the coast from the South of Spain to Sweden; (2) investigating at a fine spatial scale the population genetic structure of H. schachtii .Results show that the colonization of the Atlantic coastline by the two nematodes was probably influenced by climatic fluctuations occurring since the Last Glacial Maximum, along with marine currents. Phylogeographical patterns of H. schachtii and the host-plant suggest a non-shared evolutionary history, which contrasts with the coastal recolonization of Europe observed in H. betae. The fine-scale study evidenced that wild populations of H. schachtii are genetically sub-structured at the level of the host plant, strongly isolated and characterized by small effective population sizes. All these results are discussed in the framework of the sustainable management of nematodes populations in cultivated fields
Soufflet-Freslon, Vanessa. "Résistance du pommier à la tavelure (Venturia inaequalis) : Recherche de nouveaux loci et construction de génotypes "prototypes" en vue d'une gestion durable de la résistance." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00445904.
Повний текст джерелаClin, Pauline. "Modéliser les dynamiques épidémiques avec priming immunitaire au sein des mélanges variétaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARD100.
Повний текст джерелаAllowing growers to get free from pesticide use and preserving cultivated genetic resources while limiting the emergence of new diseases is one of the aims of the ongoing agroecological transition. To these ends, cultivar mixtures are an effective and more sustainable solution than pure stands of resistant cultivars, but a lack of understanding persists about how they work. Plant immunity and more specifically immune priming is sometimes mentioned to explain the observed efficiency of mixtures, but its mode of action on epidemics is still poorly known. I thus developed epidemiological models to identify the effects of priming on the effectiveness of mixtures. These models evidence that priming is critical to explain the observed effectiveness of cultivar mixtures.In a mixture of susceptible and resistant cultivars, priming decreases disease prevalence compared to a pure stand of the resistant host. In a mixture of resistant cultivars, priming also reduces the number or resistance genes needed to maintain disease prevalence below an acceptable threshold. In addition, the models make it possible to evaluate in what proportions cultivars should be mixed to optimize mixture efficiency and increase the durability of the resistances used. The variety to be mixed in the greatest proportion is the one that is the least costly for the pathogen to break. These novel theoretical contributions, sometimes counter intuitive but explainable ecologically, highlight how individual immunity scales up at the population level, and encourage future research to best exploit priming in plant protection strategies
Alvarado, Swanni Tatiana. "Evaluation du rôle des feux de brousse sur la composition, la structure, la phénologie, et la résistance de la végétation des bois de tapia (Uapaca bojeri) du massif d'Ibity, Nouvelle Aire Protégée, en vue de sa gestion durable." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866277.
Повний текст джерелаAlvarado, Swanni Tatiana. "Evaluation du rôle des feux de brousse sur la composition, la structure, la phénologie, et la résistance de la végétation des bois de tapia (Uapaca bojeri) du massif d’Ibity, Nouvelle Aire Protégée, en vue de sa gestion durable." Thesis, Avignon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AVIG0323/document.
Повний текст джерелаCurrently loss and transformation of habitats are the main threats which cause the decrease of biological diversity. In Madagascar, 90% of plants species are endemic of the island and most of the plant formations types are at present strongly degraded or replaced by secondary formations resulting from human activities. Tapia woodland, dominated by the endemic tree Uapaca bojeri, is a sclerophyllous vegetation type limited in the Malagasy highlands. This vegetation type, adapted and resistant to the natural fire regime, is very fragmented today, covering a surface equivalent to 132 255ha on the island. In order to increase the protection of tapia woodland, a new protected area was established on Ibity massif. The current state of the woody vegetation is the result of the interaction of some factors as soil type, climate, human traditional practices and fire. Although fire is one of the phenomena that determine the dynamics of this vegetation, the current fire regime is also one of the main causes of degradation. The objective of this thesis is to study the role of fire on the demographic cycle and on some main processes for installation and recruitment. Thus, germination, plant phenology and seedlings resistance after burnt were studied. This research shows that the current problem of tapia woodland are 1) the reduction of flowering and fruiting by high fire frequencies; 2) the reduction of germination percent after seed exposure with high temperatures, and 3) high seedlings mortality after burnt, in particular when the quantity of fuel is raised. Installation and recruitment of woody species are limited by fire, which has a negative effect on natural regeneration. Fire management around the protected area is thus necessary for its conservation
Si, Youcef Mohamed. "Gestion durable de l'environnement en Algérie." Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/42bc842e-4f49-4193-a447-306d970965fc.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of strategy which preserves environmental quality and natural resources, the goal being to maintain a harmonious balance between the economic, social and environmental concerns, constitutes a re requirement and a need. This strategy must old account of the complexity of the environmental problems and their interdependent nature. To find solutions to these problems will require an intersectorial and multidisciplinary approach and taking into consideration a series of tools available for their treatment. The objective of this strategy will be to reconcile the economic and social development witch the rational and durable use of natural resources and the need to redule pollution and its harmful effects and to attenuate the risks to public health. This strategy will have to guide the priority actions to mitigate the serious current space distortions witch result in a consirrable wastage of natural resources
Amilien, Caroline. "Droit international et gestion durable des forêts tropicales." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32004.
Повний текст джерелаInternational cooperation for sustainable management of tropical forests faces two obstacles. On the one hand, because of the principle of sovereignty over natural resources, international rules regarding forest management evolve slowly. To date, proposals for a convention on global forest have failed. Other conventions indirectly or sectorally applying to tropical forests are weak. Sovereignty over natural resources also explains enthousiasm for soft-law, which is adaptable. Programs, such as the tropical forestry action program, and statements are numerous, while binding principles are few and vague. On the other hand, the effectiveness of international instruments related to tropical forest conservation has been limited by development and trade policies. Since 1972, interdependence between environment and development is increasingly recognized by economic and financial institutions. However, reforms are often insufficient or uncomplete. In addition, conflicts among existing international policies remain numerous. Harmonization among international instruments, and collaboration among international organizations are required to reach a coherent and effective international system promoting tropical forest sustainable management
Granger, Damien. "Méthodologie d'aide à la gestion durable des eaux urbaines." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0068/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays urban drainage system becomes much more than a simple removal of storm-water and sewage out of the city. New management objectives and techniques are considered, for instance related to protection of aquatic environment or mitigation of nuisances due to the wastewater system. The urban water system becomes more and more complicated and many experts consider the necessity of replacing the concept of urban drainage by the concept of urban water management. The waters produced within the city must be integrated to design, organisation and management of the city. It is then necessary to define means of interactions and cooperation between every organisations and actors, at the scale of the urban area and at the scale of the catchment area. These changes must concern both the technical facilities (object, device) and the organisations (local authorities, firms, non-profit organisations, etc. ) which contribute to urban water management and provide services. This goal can be achieved if service provision can be objectively assessed. This assessment allows stakeholders to choose the most efficient strategies. The objective of our project is to develop and test a pluri-disciplinary assessment methodology allowing to measure service provided by the urban water management system; and stakeholders to choose a strategy in order to improve service provision. This methodology allows assessing the efficiency of a strategy a priori and after implementation, in order to provide a comprehensive decision support (support to public discussion regarding the definition of assessment criteria, production of scientific data, rationalization of decisions within deliberation processes). This methodology is currently applied on the Mulhousian agglomeration in close collaboration with the SIVOM (Syndicat Intercommunal à Vocation Multiple) of the Mulhousian agglomeration, the Lyonnaise Des Eaux and the local stakeholders (associations, Water Agency, etc. )
Alachi, Ezei Kali. "La gestion durable des ressources en eau au Niger." Limoges, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIMO1004.
Повний текст джерелаThe Analysis of the sustainable management of water resources in Niger area reveals that the development of its contemporary water law and strategies are influenced by western legal models and water policies. Before the domination of occidental models, customary mechanisms and traditional techniques belonging to water resources management allowed sustainable use of these last ones. They still enjoy the social legitimacy and are widely applied in rural areas through all Africa. This situation involves the phenomenon of legal pluralism, because the African States, in particular French-speaking, immortalized the western legal models, instead of conceiving strategies adapted to local realities. This paradoxical situation puts not only difficulties of management for national waters and shared basins in particular Niger River and Chad Lake, but also the challenge of the effectiveness of human right for the drinking water. Indeed, national and regional water laws, basin commissions set up after African independence do not answer the requirements of sustainable, integrated water resource management for the benefit of present and future generations. Answering these incapacities and constraints implies that cultural dimensions, local knowledge in water or environment sector have to be recognized and valued by international, regional and national actions. This perspective will facilitate the elaboration of regulations adapted to local preoccupations, the consolidation of shared water committees, and the implementation of participative strategies and contribute for the durability of actions for management of water resource in Niger area
Abbas, Oras. "Systèmes intelligents pour une gestion durable des réseaux d’assainissement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10202.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns the implementation of the concept of smart sewage network. It was conducted within the SunRise Smart City project, which aims at the construction of a demonstrator of the Smart and Sustainable City on the Scientific City Campus of the University of Lille 1. Our research work carried out on the campus which equivalent to a town of 25 000 users is organized into 4 parts. The first part includes a literature survey of researches conducted on sewage networks as well as their management. It shows all the advantages of the dynamic management of sewage networks within the Smart City concept. The second part presents the site of the Scientific City Campus, which is used as a pilot site for the demonstrator in this thesis. It describes the collection of data concerning both the sewerage infrastructure and inspection and the integration of these data in a geographic information system (GIS). The 3rd part summarizes the results of the water quality control in the sewerage network. It describes in detail the presence of various quality components in the effluent and gives an explanation. The last part describes the instrumentation set up as part of this work and the first results. It provides analysis of the sewage network using the collected data as well as a numerical modeling. It results in recommendations for the improvement of the management of the sewage network
Tini, Apollinaire Botta Henri Motcho Henri. "La gestion des déchets solides ménagers à Niamey au Niger essai pour une stratégie de gestion durable /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=tini.
Повний текст джерелаChemarin, Sophie. "Analyse critique de la gestion des nouveaux risques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0036.
Повний текст джерелаMbakidi, Horsini Leandre. "Gestion forestière durable et intégration sous-régionale en Afrique Centrale." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS020S.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental issues have in recent years become so important on the international scene it is today inconceivable to develop a forestry policy framework which is not oriented towards the sustainable management of forest resources and the conservation of biological diversity sity found in natural areas. The Central African countries are particularly affected by this double challenge as they host the second World Heritage tropical forest. The forest estate has a unique biodiversity, described as second only to the planet because of its contribution to global ecological balance. The Central African forests are under increasing human pressure: hunting and habitat degradation, by extension of agricultural land, energy needs and, above all uncontrolled logging. Concerns about forest management practices in this area therefore require the introduction of changes in their application for a sustainable forest management. A common approach to Central African countries in managing forest resources seems necessary to contribute to sustainable development in the sub-region and the global ecological balance. The issue of forests in Central Africa thus refers to a process of regional integration in the forest sector as a "tool" of interest to the sustainable management of forests and to increase its economic and social contribution to the sub-regional economies
Huitelec, Richard. "Le développement durable et la gestion locale des ressources énergétiques." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40011.
Повний текст джерелаGautier-Touchefeu, François. "Le developpement rural, le developpement durable et la gestion patrimoniale." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4023.
Повний текст джерелаDufrasnes, Emmanuel. "Approche systémique de l'évaluation et du management des quartiers durables : vers un observatoire des écoquartiers." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS016.
Повний текст джерелаTo meet the challenges posed by urban development our « Habitat » should be perceived in a more enlarged and overall design to enable new forms of solidarity in daily life to emerge, in order to reconcile the protection of the environment, economic efficiency and social equity. In search of an answer , planners and public authorities expect a systemic framework based on assessment tools appropriate to the context of each urban project. However, first returns experiences on sustainable neighborhoods show obtaining performance depends largely on the management of the operation and its players. While continuing the work begun in the definition of the project « ADEQUA », we developed a methodological framework enabling us to achieve a share of a wider benchmaking of « sustainable neighborhoods ». The proposed methodology allows also to model and predict objectively the similarities or differences between the major players in the operation of urban development. Ultimately, this approach aims to be extended within the European project « Eco-OBS » to determine the efficiency of urban operations not only to themselves but also their methods of project managements
Gnonlonfin, Houévoh Amandine Reine. "Gestion des déchets solides municipaux en Méditerranée : Trois approches d'instruments de financement pour une gestion durable." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2013.
Повний текст джерелаIn last decades, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a major environmental and economic problem in many countries. The quantity of MSW collected and the expenditures necessary for its management have rapidly increased, particularly in developing countries (including those in transition). Our thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between MSW collection and economic growth and to propose how public policy can sustainably manage this pollution. To attempt our objective, we combined a macro and micro economic approaches in theoretical and empirical studies. The contributions of this thesis are threefold and have the scope of Mediterranean countries. First, we complete the empirical literature on the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC) by studying the relationship between MSW collected and the economic growth over the period 1990-2010. The main added value of this study is the use of multiple imputations methodology to control for the sample bias due to missing values. We find out that MSW collected monotonically increase with income whatever countries’ income level. This leads us to conclude that the economic growth and MSW prevention are not compatible. So in a second contribution, we investigate, in a theoretical model, the efficiency of using market-based incentives to reach to objective of waste prevention and diversion from disposal in developing countries. We consider the common phenomenon of waste picking in these countries and we analyze the conditions in which a policy of Deposit and Refund System (DRS) can help to achieve the first best optimum. We first analyze the impact of waste picking on the effectiveness of the user fee and the DRS, then we show that social optimum and market equilibrium can be hold by taxing consumer goods and by subsidizing both formal recycling and waste picking. Our third contribution in this thesis is an econometric evaluation of French MSW taxing system in order to test the hypothesis of the complementarity of direct and indirect MSW incentive taxes in developed countries, which implement simultaneously several incentives taxes. Using data aggregate at French administrative departments level, we assess the prevention and substitution effects of the three incentive taxes namely the French user fee (La Redevance d’Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères), the Extended Producer responsibility and disposal tax levied at landfill and incineration (la Taxe Générale sur les Activités Polluantes). We confirm the complementarity hypothesis of these taxes
Labrossse, Alexis. "Gestion optimale des ressources et développement durable pour une entreprise forestière." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38123.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаReynaud, Arnaud. "Gestion durable d'une ressource naturelle : le cas du système aquifère girondin." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10023.
Повний текст джерелаGourguet, Sophie. "Viabilité biologique et économique pour la gestion durable de pêcheries mixtes." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0060/document.
Повний текст джерелаEmpirical evidence and the theoretical literature both point to stock sustainability and the protection of marine biodiversity as important fisheries management issues. Decision-support tools are increasingly required to operationalize the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. These tools need to integrate (i) ecological and socio-economic drivers of changes in fisheries and ecosystems; (ii) complex dynamics; (iii) deal with various sources of uncertainty; and (iv) incorporate multiple, rather than single objectives. The stochastic co-viability approach addresses the trade-offs associated with balancing ecological, economic and social objectives throughout time, and takes into account the complexity and uncertainty of the dynamic interactions which characterize exploited ecosystems and biodiversity. This thesis proposes an application of this co-viability approach to the sustainable management of mixed fisheries, using two contrasting case studies: the French Bay of Biscay (BoB) demersal mixed fishery and the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF). Both fisheries entail direct and indirect impacts on mixed species communities while also generating large economic returns. Their sustainability is therefore a major societal concern. A dynamic bio-economic modelling approach is used to capture the key biological and economic processes governing these fisheries, combining age- (BoB) or size- (NPF) structured models of multiple species with recruitment uncertainty, and multiple fleets (BoB) or fishing strategies (NPF). Economic uncertainties relating to input and output prices are also considered. The bioeconomic models are used to investigate how the fisheries can operate within a set of constraints relating to the preservation of Spawning Stock Biomasses (BoB) or Spawning Stock Size Indices (NPF) of a set of key target species, maintenance of the economic profitability of various fleets (BoB) or the fishery as a whole (NPF), and limitation of fishing impacts on the broader biodiversity (NPF), under a range of alternative scenarios and management strategies. Results suggest that under a status quo strategy both fisheries can be considered as biologically sustainable, while socio-economically (and ecologically in the NPF case) at risk. Despite very different management contexts and objectives, viable management strategies suggest a reduction in the number of vessels in both cases. The BoB simulations allow comparison of the trade-offs associated with different allocations of this decrease across fleets. Notably, co-viability management strategies entail a more equitable allocation of effort reductions compared to strategies aiming at maximizing economic yield. In the NPF, species catch diversification strategies are shown to perform well in controlling the levels of economic risk, by contrast with more specialized fishing strategies. Furthermore analyses emphasize the importance to the fishing industry of balancing global economic performance with inter-annual economic variability. Promising future developments based on this research involve the incorporation of a broader set of objectives including social dimensions, as well as the integration of ecological interactions, to better address the needs of ecosystem-based approaches to the sustainable harvesting of marine biodiversity
Nowaczyk, Julien. "L'intégration du développement durable dans la gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ001D/document.
Повний текст джерелаCorporate Social Responsibility is commonly accepted within the business community as a new platform to drive success in mitigating new emerging risks and facilitating access to emerging markets. However, in doing so, businesses are now facing new barriers derived from the difficulty on how to implement such a complex new market expectation. The challenge ahead is now to turn these obstacles into opportunities. CSR is asking businesses to notably open their risk management to external pressures, especially direct stakeholders. In that respect, this research paper intends to focus on the relationship with suppliers for a responsible supply chain management. Various aspects of this specific stakeholder shall be treated throughout the paper: What are the risks? How a CSR vision should be implemented in the whole supply chain? What are the relevant tools and methods? We have analysed various theoretical trends (contract theory, transaction costs theory, stakeholders theory, etc…) coupled with numerous businesses case studies in order to offer a relevant and up to date stakeholder mapping with regards to Sustainable procurement
Li, Hang. "Utilisation de matériaux bois intelligents pour la gestion durable des infrastructures." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30288/document.
Повний текст джерелаFor fifteen years, we restart to construct with wood, and particularly with glulam to respond to the new challenges imposed by the issues of sustainable development. However, degradation issues related to moisture content (MC) or wetting/drying cycles limit the development of timber structures. As a result, the MC monitoring in timber structures becomes a critical issue. Today, several solutions exist but they do not allow a local monitoring in the lamellas of glulam. Such a solution would improve the prediction of the service life of timber structures. In the light of this observation, we proposed to transform glulam into "smart material" by embedding a MC monitoring system in the lamellas, and this, considering the major constraints of fabrication of this material (small glue line thickness, important bonding pressure, etc.). To achieve this, we have conducted a bibliographic research, in order to select the monitoring methods which can satisfy these constraints. According to this research, two technologies turn out to be interesting: the electrical measurements and the ultrasonic measurements. Several measurement configurations were proposed and tested in this PhD work. Thereafter, we conducted preliminary tests to make sure of the good functionality of these measurement configurations, and also to verify the behavior of sensors throughout the glulam fabrication process. Afterwards, we moistened the specimens with two different moistening protocols in order to verify the feasibility of MC monitoring with embedded sensors. Results showed that all the measurement configurations are operational for the MC monitoring in glulam specimens. Moreover, for electrical measurements, our results show that we can adopt almost the same calibration models for the MC monitoring by resistive measurements, no matter the type of sensors used. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain complementary information by the realization of the resistive and capacitive measurements at the same time, using surface electrodes. Regarding the ultrasonic measurements, we have obtained the sensibility curves in frequency of several families of piezoelectric film sensors. On the other hand, the influence of bonding pressure and of sensor distance on the electrical/ultrasonic measurements was also investigated in this study. Future studies will consist in using these measurement configurations to perform in situ monitoring in timber structures, and also to establish a link between the durability of glulam structures and the wetting/drying cycles in order to predict the service life of timber structures
Tini, Apollinaire. "La gestion des déchets solides ménagers à Niamey au Niger : essai pour une stratégie de gestion durable." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0084/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe simple analysis it self of the two cohabiting systems, shows the problems found in the town development control and mainly financial problems that the municipality experiment and endure. After the comparative study of these two systems which depicts differences and evident lacks concerning service organisation and stakeholders role, we think that it will be illusive to imagine in short term to establish a solid waste collect and elimination system, to the city as a whole, as usual as in developed countries. Based on this hypothesis, our thesis (the new strategy) proposes to cohabit in technical, economic, social and institutional coherence, the two collecting systems. This strategy aims at making coherent the efforts of all: populations, private sector, association and other stakeholders, municipal institutions, government, sponsors. We want it to be clear and simple to be understood by all, for stimulate everyone’s action and engage everyone in a behavioural changing process. Its practice needs nevertheless a real political will and a compromise of all stakeholders true dynamical stakeholders process
Mabika, Jérôme. "Exploitation et gestion durable de la forêt gabonaise : analyse géographique et problèmes de gestion et d'aménagement forestier." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30037.
Повний текст джерелаChamich, Mohamed. "Gestion des conflits liés aux ressources naturelles dans l'arganeraie de Souss (Maroc)." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20098.
Повний текст джерелаThe forest of argan tree is an agro-sylvo-pastoral ecosystem of a very big originality. The agrarian system articulates around three major productions: the products of the argan tree, the breeding and the agriculture. This resource, for a long time plentiful, became rare because of an intense exploitation on behalf of the rustic communities, the breeders nomads and foresters. This situation compromises the economic development of the region. The economic, social and political transformations have an obvious effect on the relations which the various factors maintain with the forest of argan tree. The revealing of the multiplicity of the actors and the functions of the argan tree explains the development of the conflicts concerning the usage of this resource. The present work has as an objective, on one hand, to demonstrate the problem of the conflicts in the arganeraie of Souss, notably the identification of the conflicts and the analysis of the various socioeconomic stakes in these conflicts (causes, implied persons, nature and impact). And on the other hand, study the various mechanisms contributing to the management and to the neutralization of these conflicts, and consequently, insure one long-lasting local development of this territory. To do it, we proceeded to individual and collective interviews with various factors involved in the management of the arganeraie (farmers, breeders, waterworks and Forests, etc. ) It is necessary to note that the resolution of the conflicts is strictly connected to the cultural specificities, to the community structures and to the type of communication between users. This resolution remains at present difficult and ambiguous because of the presence of several factors: Users of the arganeraie of Souss, and the pluri-institutional device
Delchet-Cochet, Karen. "La prise en compte du développement durable par les entreprises, entre stratégies et normalisation : étude de la mise en oeuvre des recommandations du guide Afnor SD21000 au sein d'un échantillon de PME françaises." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/77/93/21/PDF/2006_these_K_delchet.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAFNOR published, in May 2003, the SD21000, guide for the taking into account of the stakes of sustainable development in enterprise management and strategies. Translation of its recommendations in a diagnosis tool, and its experimentation within 78 French SME, will enable us to validate our assumptions - if considering of stakeholders and their expectations is a necessary condition, it is not sufficient to integrate sustainable development principles -, and contribute to the favourable location of the SD21000 Guide in the perspective of the intended ISO 26000. If our companies progressed on most of the stakes in particular those relative to the of production and consumption modes, until then underestimated, the environmental stakes in long term remain insufficiently taken into account by companies, asking the question of the role of authorities
Samba, René. "La gestion du développement durable des forêts tropicales : application au Congo-Brazzaville." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT4006.
Повний текст джерелаNascimento, Januário da Rocha. "Gestion intégrée de l'eau et développement durable : le cas du Cap-Vert." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR066/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the problem of water use in a poor, vulnerable, semi-arid West African archipelago where the issue of water resources has always posed major problems, problems which five centuries of colonization were unable to solve. In an open, interdependent world in which issues of environmental sustainability, agricultural production, food security and the fight against poverty and in favor of development are major challenges for the planet and its inhabitants, integrated water resources management (IWRM) constitutes an interesting solution for an economy of water that responds to these difficulties in the country.The objective of the thesis is to contribute to the implementation of integral water resource management in the territory of the Republic of Cabo Verde. It questions the “adopted model” of hydraulic dams, with the example of the Polião Dam in Ribeira Seca valley, on the island of Santiago, the first dam built in Cabo Verde, with the help of the People’s Republic of China. It examines the role and effects of irrigation, the impacts of engaging therein on the local environment, and the socio-economic problems caused by water usage in the Ribeira Seca watershed.The thesis also uses international comparisons to raise questions related to the legal, regulatory and institutional governance of water in Cabo Verde. Finally, it proposes a water management model inspired by the Integrated Water Resources Management approach
A presente tese aborda a questão do uso da água num arquipélago Oeste Africano semiárido, pobre, vulnerável, onde a questão dos recursos hídricos sempre levantou problemas graves, que cinco séculos de colonização não conseguiram resolver. Num mundo interdependente e aberto, onde as questões de sustentabilidade ambiental, a produção agrícola, a segurança alimentar e a luta contra a pobreza e pelo desenvolvimento são as questões fundamentais para (a preservação) do planeta e seus habitantes, a gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos (GIRH) é uma solução interessante para uma economia cabo-verdiana da água que responda a estes desafios.O objetivo desta tese é o de contribuir para a implementação da GIRH no território da República de Cabo Verde. A tese questiona sobre o "modelo transferido " de barragens, como por exemplo o da Barragem de Poilão na Ribeira Seca, na ilha de Santiago, a primeira barragem construída em Cabo Verde, com a ajuda da Cooperação chinesa. A tese examina o papel e os efeitos da irrigação, o impacto da sua implementação no ambiente local, assim como os problemas socioeconómicos causados pelo uso da água na bacia hidrográfica de Ribeira Seca.A tese interroga-se sobre a questão da governança jurídica, regulamentar e institucional da água em Cabo Verde, usando o direito comparado internacional. Finalmente, a tese oferece um modelo de gestão da água, com base na abordagem GIRH
Ben, Zaied Younes. "Gestion durable de l'eau résidentielle et tarification incitative en Tunisie : essais économétriques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G021/document.
Повний текст джерелаIf Tunisia, as well as all the other similar countries, wants to avoid, or at least to postpone the mobilization of non conventional water (desalinization, virtual water, etc.) with sensibly higher costs, the only alternative is to rely on appropriate water demand management. Water pricing must be considered seriously as a useful tool, with certainly the other non price instruments, such as awareness, education, water conservation and participatory management, to keep under control the demand evolution. In this thesis, we use Tunisian data and a decomposition into two water consumption blocks to estimate residential water demand function. Firstly, seasonal investigations show that Tunisian water pricing policy was not perfect. The lower block’s consumers are most affected by water tariff progressivity than upper block’s consumers. The seasonal fluctuations and the alternation of rainy and dry seasons affect only lower block’s consumers. We then advocate increasing the lower block’s length in summer to keep poorest family well being unchanged and reaching social equity. For the upper block’s consumers, we recommend applying seasonal water price to keep under control their water use evolution. Second, in the regional study, we find that the long run water price elasticity is more important in the lower block than the upper one. Moreover, water demand is sensible to price in regions characterized by economic dynamism. We think that a decentralized water pricing system can perfectly control water use especially by upper block’s consumers
Morlat, Clément. "Modélisation dynamique des systèmes de coûts pour une gestion durable des territoires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV115/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe creation of economic value is a process resting on territorial heritage, which comprises ecologic, technical and social functions that articulate the various elements of the productive capital and guarantee its continued availability. Added value is a monetary representation of its effects on the individual activity of the entities of this territory. However, this heritage is a common good. A collective and multicriteria evaluation would provide a better view of its intrinsic qualities.Functional economy takes into account the maintenance of that heritage at the root with the cooperative design of “product service” offers agreed between the territory’s entities. Micro and macroeconomic accounting could adapt to this representation of the productive system.The study of the energetic retrofit of private tertiary buildings and of the sourcing of construction aggregates in the region of Paris show the relevance of an integrated governance. Multicriteria and multi stake-holder deliberations enable to generate development scenarios that enhance the economic interests of all parties concerned and facilitate the maintenance of the territorial heritage.The relevant information needed for those representations and scenarios to emerge could be made available at all levels of assessment, throughout the process of deliberation, contract-making and valorization. It is key to economic innovation and more sustainable territorial development. The systems and practices involved in managing information can thus be seen as having a productive and heritage value
Sugier, Laure. "Le marketing face à ses résistances : une ethnographie des imaginaires et des pratiques de consommation des "objecteurs de croissance"." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G018.
Повний текст джерелаEthical, responsible and sustainable consumption represent different forms of political consumerism, which aim at denouncing the consequences of the consumption society. Some individuals go beyond this consumerism, by resisting contemporary consumption society. This structural resistance is studied in this thesis using an ethnomarketing approach to study people who calls for economic degrowth and fight against three myths: the abundance myth, the market myth and the progress myth. These representations associated with the degrowth ideology have implications for production, exchange and consumption. Our observations draw attention to some interesting characteristics of this population in terms of avoidance of industrial production to the benefit of self-production, with a view to self-determination, the choice of a local territory and hybrid strategies combining the commercial and non-commercial spheres for exchanges as well as frugal and collective means of consumption. These characteristics are associated with those of the voluntary simplicity life style in a French context and are set in the perspective of symbolic dimensions of consumption
Moore, Rickie Savall Henri. "Evaluation de la performance économique durable des entreprises méthodes et pratiques américaines et européennes /." Grenoble : ANRT-Grenoble, 2005. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr:8080/oo2xml/production/lyon3/2005/moore_r/html/index-frames.html.
Повний текст джерелаMoore, Rickie Savall Henri. "Evaluation de la performance économique durable des entreprises méthodes et pratiques américaines et européennes /." Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2005/moore_r.
Повний текст джерелаBarros, Raphael Tobias De Vasconcelos Botta Henri Deleuil Jean-Michel. "Enjeux d'une gestion durable de déchets solides ménagers dans les villes moyennes du Minas Gerais (Brésil)." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=de_vasconcelos_barros.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Dars Aude. "Gestion des déchets nucléaires et développement durable : la complexité d'une décision en univers controversé." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS004S.
Повний текст джерелаMonnet, Marlène. "L'intermédiation du prestataire de services logistiques dans une "supply chain" en contexte de développement durable." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24011.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of the present research is to find out the conditions which enable a logistics service provider to act as a middleman in a supply chain in the context of sustainable development. Face with regulation pressures concerning electric and electronic equipment waste and the various reactions of the actors responsible for recycling, the research develops two phases : the first, in Norway, provides a reading guide of the general context ; the second, in France, consists in a typical case study which involves many interacting actors and emphasizes the intermediary role of the provider. The results depend on the mobilization of skills in the field of thinking, organizing and relating to one another, and also imply the smooth implication of the stakeholders. These results should demonstrate that the logistics service provider who offers help in the field of global responsability can actually act as an intermediary in the context of sustainable development. Provided he or she takes into account all the parties involved and brings together the required abilities for coordinate management of the supply chain
Wondimu, Abeje. "La gestion durable des eaux pluviales urbaines par la gestion de l'espace et la subsidiarité : Le cas d'Addis Abeba (Ethiopie)." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0116/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаStorm water management has been a delicate issue in the history of human being. With the growth of cities the task becomes more and more complicated especially in the developing countries characterised by urban explosion, unplanned urban pattern, severe state of poverty, accumulation of problems. The city of Addis Ababa is facing particularly since 1970s serious and worsening problems related to storm water management. It has known numerous flooding experiences with highly damaging consequence: for example thousands of inhabitant affected and tens of people killed during the event of 1994. Urban inundation makes part of a day to day problem of the inhabitants during the all months of rainy seasons: March to September. Overflowing of storm water sewers is also frequent during dry seasons because of illegal effluent connection on the separate storm sewer lines. As responses to the above problems, our research work has fixed two objectives: assess the over all management system and formulate appropriate solutions. In order to seize the different causes of deficiencies and to explore potentials (institutional, technical, etc), we have conducted integrated analysis of the storm water management system within the urban system. Based on this, representative urban typologies are identified with the corresponding major problems and causes. The external interaction of storm water management system and the scope of area of actions are also demonstrated by using systemic approach. Detailed analysis of storm water management system is done in order to address various aspects: rainfall and watershed characteristics, state of natural and artificial sewer system, impacts, actors, perception and experiences of the inhabitants, policies and tools, etc. Elements contributing for the sustainable management of urban storm water are proposed and developed. One of these element forwards, based on the concept of subsidiarity, an organisational tools for participatory co-ordinated and responsible institutional set-up. The other group of solutions deals with the majors spatial and technical actions to undertake
Flipo, Nicolas. "Modélisation des Hydrosystèmes Continentaux pour une Gestion Durable de la Ressource en Eau." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879449.
Повний текст джерелаDeybe, Daniel. "Politiques pour une agriculture durable : essai sur la gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010033.
Повний текст джерелаNatural resources depletion and increasing food requirements of world population generate a problem of sustainability of agricultural production systems. The notion of "sustainable agriculture" tries to bring an answer to this problem. This work is focused on the soil, a renewable and depletable resource. Fundamental for agricultural production. After discussing the characteristics of this resource, a "bio-economic" model, considering bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the different production systems, is utilized to evaluate short and long-term effects of different alternative policies at the individual as well as regional or village level
Brakez, Mustapha. "La gestion des déchets au Maroc : une approche par le développement territorial durable." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0189.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis studies the household waste management in the Moroccan cities. It explores the subject, identifies some anomalies and offers some cures. It is structured in three big parts. The first one is a global approach and it analyses the social and environmental deficits of Morocco today. It underlines the lack of the household waste management. This critical analysis of these two dimensions of “sustainable development” finds its deepening in the second part (territorial approaches) which approach is both empirical and territorial. Two large territories, those of Rabat, the capital of the Kingdom, and Agadir, South Morocco metropolis are analyzed with empirical inquiries and observations. The approach adopted aims at identifying better the failures of the local public policies in waste collection and processing, as well as the modes of reactions of the actors with respect to their social environment. This research wants to be close to the actors and the territories. It highlights the importance of the peculiarities of each site, because the future reforms and projects must be based on them. This is the only way to obtain a better adhesion of the actors concerned : the inhabitants, the local communities, the entrepreneurs and the associations. This form of participative governance is the center of the demonstration. The third part (theoretical approaches) deepens the theories of the territory and of the site. And it reinforces the scientific relevance of the empirical demonstration proposed
Del, Campo Stellio. "Interdépendances entre l'équité intra et intergénérationnelle dans la gestion durable des ressources environnementales." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100159/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation proposes to show the interest of considering simultaneously intra and intergenerational equity for environmental resources management issues. More specifically, the dissertation examines the trade-offs between these two dimensions of equity to define an equitable allocation of resources over time and within generations. Inequalities between two heterogeneous regions are considered. The first chapter focuses on sustaining the highest level of welfare over time, through the maximin criterion, when the economy has an intragenerational inequality aversion. Counter-intuitively, the region with the lower resource stock pays a higher price for overall sustainability. The second chapter examines growth toward the maximum sustainable level of welfare, the golden rule. Similarly, the region with the lower resource stock shall contribute more to the growth, by limiting relatively more its consumption. The third chapter examines the transfers that shall be made from the well-off to the worse-off region. The transfer shall either be a lump-sum or proportional to the consumption of the contributing region, depending on whether the objective is to promote or to limit its consumption. In any case, the worst-off region receives a compensatory transfer for the constraint imposed on it
Meqdadi, Osama. "Interaction approach for exploring sustainability spread in supply networks." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4019.
Повний текст джерелаThe integration of sustainability with supply networks has become a salient issue that companies seek to achieve in order to enhance their competitiveness. Although there is a considerable body of research that concerns sustainability integration with supply chain management, there is still a lack of understanding on how companies can spread sustainability across their supply networks and what strategies to adopt to achieve that. This thesis acknowledges this research gap and adopts the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) interaction approach where change concept and relationship characteristics, particularly power and trust, are utilized to investigate sustainability spread across supply networks. Accordingly, this thesis adopts a supply network perspective to study what influences companies to adopt certain sustainability strategies, how sustainability initiatives spread to suppliers and across supply networks, and impact of power and trust on sustainability spread within supply networks. The thesis revealed five strategies, reactive, proactive, reactive monitoring, proactive mentoring and integrating, that contribute to better understanding of how companies can adopt certain strategies to spread sustainability within companies and across supply networks. The findings indicate that power impact is evident in implementing the reactive monitoring strategy where coercive power has significant impact on influencing suppliers to spread sustainability. Trust and non-coercive power appear to enhance implementing the proactive mentoring and integrating sustainability strategies and spread of sustainability across supply networks
Lô-Pelzer, Elise. "Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture et de leur répartition spatiale sur le phoma du colza et l'adaptation des populations pathogènes responsables de la maladie (Leptosphaeria maculans) aux résistances variétales." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGPT0030.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the main control methods to manage phoma stem canker is the use of cultivars with specific or quantitative resistances. However, specific resistances lack durability. Other control methods can be used to manage the disease: chemical and cultural control methods (tillage to limit the quantity of primary inoculum on infected stubble, adaptation of the sowing date and rate, organic nitrogen supply to limit crop’s receptivity to infections). The spatial and temporal combination of genetic, cultural and chemical control methods in a region makes it possible to better control the disease, to preserve the efficiency of specific resistant cultivars as well as economic profit for farmers, and to satisfy environmental and toxicological exigencies of integrated crop management. Given the considered scales and the number of technical operations that have to be taken into account, experiments are difficult, or simply impossible to set up to test control strategies. A model has been developed to test cropping systems that address these issues: SIPPOM-WOSR, a Simulator for Integrated Pathogen Population Management, for Winter OilSeed Rape. SIPPOM consists of 5 sub-models simulating i) primary inoculum production, ii) ascospore dispersal, iii) crop growth and attainable yield, iv) dynamics of pathogen population genetic structure, and v) infection and relative yield loss. Output variables are disease severity index and the associated yield loss, yield, gross margin, energetic cost of cultural practices and Treatments Frequency Index, as well as the genetic structure of pathogen populations, under the effect of four evolutionary forces (migration, selection, recombination, and Allee effect). An experiment has been set up to collect data on disease recurrence, and formalisms, as effect of quantitative resistance on disease severity or attainable yield calculation, have been completed with data from other experimentations. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out to study the sensitivity of sub-models to parameter variations. Examples of simulation illustrate how SIPPOM can be used to test integrated and durable disease control strategies
Levrel, Harold. "Biodiversité et développement durable : quels indicateurs." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128430.
Повний текст джерелаCette thèse cherche à évaluer la pertinence des indicateurs d'interactions existants ainsi que des méthodes de construction innovantes qui se fixent pour objectif de développer des outils de co-gestion adaptative de la biodiversité
Combier, Maud. "Étude des effecteurs de type RXLR de Plasmopara viticola pour la recherche de résistances durables au mildiou de la vigne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ004/document.
Повний текст джерелаGrapevine downy mildew is caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, which attacks the aerial non-lignified tissues affecting wine production. An alternative to the use of pesticides is the use of vine varieties with sustainable resistances. A programme aiming to create such varieties by crossing resistant species with the cultivated grapevine, Vitis vinifera, is ongoing. Within this program requiring the indentification of new resistance genes, which the project aims to do by (1) screening resistant vines with effectors stored in P. viticola, (2) performing a functional study of candidate effectors. The screening of resistant plants did not lead to the identification of any new major resistance factors. The functional study of effectors revealed a new family of effectors in P. viticola and led to the identification of two effectors Pv33, nuclear, and Pv47, associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, which induce plant defences
Barros, Raphael Tobias De Vasconcelos. "Enjeux d'une gestion durable de déchets solides ménagers dans les villes moyennes du Minas Gerais (Brésil)." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0075/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns the situation of household solid wastes in middle-size towns (between 50. 000 and 200. 000 inhabitants), in Minas Gerais, Brazil, having the Agenda 21 as a reference to environmentally sound management and the French situation as a counterpoint. The Agenda 21 and its emergency context, are presented. The elaboration processes of Brazilian and French national and local Agenda 21 are depicted. French and Minas Gerais solid wastes management evolution is described. More than a hundred interviews with local authorities, besides state and federal personnel, are done. The issues are analysed, evaluating the potential of local means in order to perform a satisfactory municipal solid wastes management. The Agenda 21 trickling down process is slow. French solid wastes management presents a positive assessment, but in Minas Gerais the local limited comprehension of this problematics, with a poor use of local resources, is mostly responsible for the bad situation found
Montarry, Josselin. "Réponse adaptative des populations de Phytophthora infestans, agent du mildiou de la pomme de terre, au déploiement en culture de son hôte Solanum tuberosum." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133363.
Повний текст джерелаLopera, Sergio Hernando. "Extraction pétrolière et politique énergétique durable : le cas colombien." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21012.
Повний текст джерела