Дисертації з теми "Gestion des ressources naturelles – Mondialisation"
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De, Sa Louis Charles. "La mondialisation des ressources naturelles et les conditions de sa réalisation." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20012.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is divided in three parts : II) globalization and structural transformations in production this part analyses the phenomenon of globalization and the transformations of the industrial system in the old countries, their links with the row materials and their evolution in the time. Ch. L - globalization and the manufacture transformation Ch. 2 - renewal of the industrial structures in the old developed countries II) the necessity of a durable development or the ways to integrate economy and society this part study the sustained development analyzing the problems of economic and population growth after 1900, makes an inventory in row materials, overall energetic, and analyses the new problem posed by the pollution. Ch. L - growth analyses in occident after xix century Ch. 2 - the problem posed by the world population Ch. 3 - the geo-economic disponibilities of natural resources Ch. 4 - the pollution or a new break in growth III) the requirements of the economic rentability this part is a reexamination of the economic theory of natural resources under constraint of natural growth, the perfect and controlled markets and the problem of stability of prices and money. Ch. 1 - basic methods utilized in economic studies Ch. 2 - the relationships between a flux economics (renewable resources) and a stock economics (nonrenewable resources) Ch. 3 - trade importance and prices behavior of row materials Ch. 4 - the consideration of natural resources inside the function
Bastiège, Marine. "La gestion des ressources naturelles et son contrôle dans un monde globalisé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROD005.
Повний текст джерелаThe control systems of the extractive sector, and then the international voluntary standards that emerged with globalisation in the 1990s and 2000s, are now being rethought in the context of several important regulatory developments linked to the adoption of the European Green Deal. To what extent can we consider that these regulatory developments reflect the adoption of a transnational control paradigm in new fields ? And, if the adoption of a transnational paradigm has helped to circumvent, mitigate or even solve some practical problems, by redefining the nature of natural resource control, will current regulatory developments allow these potential benefits to be maintained ? We propose a description of the systems concerned by means of a model constructed from the literature on control, CSR, Business & Human Rights literature, accountability and Global studies. This model makes it possible to highlight the main characteristics that regulatory developments must respect in order to reproduce the main characteristics of these control systems. A longitudinal study of the recent evolution of the FSC control system and the study of the 2017-2022 extractive agreements in Colombia allow this model to be tested and refined
Grandcolas, Delphine. "Pêcheurs, Etat et mondialisation : stratégies des populations locales et gestion des ressources naturelles : le cas du delta de la Godavari, Inde du sud." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100026.
Повний текст джерелаThe region of the Godavari delta's mangrove and fishermen villages surrounding experimented great changes since 40 years. Indian government first introduced mechanised fishing in 1965 and then prawn culture in 1985, in order to dynamise fisheries sector and to improve the level of life of coastal population. But the fishery crisis and the impossibility for fishermen to access to prawn culture have caused a degradation of the fishers economic situation. In the same time, the indian state classified the Godavari mangrove into a Wildlife Sanctuary. Traditional management of natural resources, based on a perennial and collective exploitation, have disappeared and gave place to a liberal and individual exploitation of mangrove resources, threatening the existence of the mangrove and leading to the pauperization of fishermen
Schmitt, Boris. "Ressources naturelles et développement dans le monde tropical : les contradictions entre dynamiques écologiques, reproduction sociale et ordre économique international." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995156.
Повний текст джерелаPedroza, Gutiérrez Maria del Carmen. "La forêt tropicale entre développement et conservation : la réserve de la biosphère de Calakmul, et les enjeux de la mondialisation." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0069.
Повний текст джерелаThe doctoral dissertation investigates the links between trade, environnement and developpement in rural areas, and how they are relevant to tropical forest change (degradation). I have considered a case study in the southeast of Mexico. This case study, Calakmul, is a national park wich has the status of National Biosphere Reserve and is the biggest tropical forest Reserve in Mexico. Considering this case study I analyse, how national development policies may influence on the use and management of the natural resources wich belong to rural communities in development policy, and the use and management of natural resources wich belong to rural communities in tropical protected areas, such as Calakmul. At the same time I study how the national development policy, and the use and management of natural ressources may be affected by a trade competition dinamic at the national and international level. In order to approach this relationship I analyse the agricultural and forest policies implemented at the national and local levels. I consider the influence of the international trading system on the making and implementation of these policies and, what have been their consequences on the natural resources and the people living in the tropical forest of Calakmul
Favard, Pascal. "Exploitation optimale d'un ensemble de ressources naturelles." Toulouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10004.
Повний текст джерелаIn this dissertation, we propose to study the optimal exploitation of a set of natural resources, considering that this exploitation is generally a problem of simultaneous management of renewable resources (flow) and non renewable ones (stocks). To do so, we consider a general equilibrium framework where the population has to make trade off at each moment between the quantity of resources consumed and the quantity of leisure. The average work time necessary to extract a resource is supposed constant, although specify to each resource. In the first chapter, we study the case where a plentiful flow is available. We show that it is never optimal to consume the stocks sequentially by increasing cost order. For a non-degenerated subset of stock levels, it is optimal to consume more then two resources simultaneously, and the path of consumption-leisure couples is largely indeterminate. In the second chapter, the flow is considered scarce. The results established in the first chapter still hold. Moreover, for a non-degenerated subset of stock levels, it is optimal to consume the flow before beginning to exploit a stock, even a less costly one in terms of access cost. In the third chapter, unlike previously, we consider a growing population size. There instantaneous utility per capita can grow when the population grows for certain stock levels. Moreover, if society can spare some resource by stocking part of flow, the stock can be valuable as a reservoir
Singla, Laure. "L'approche juridique contemporaine de la gestion des ressources naturelles mondiales." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe conquest of space since the fifteenth century allowed the recognition of the principle of sovereignty of States over their natural resources. The XXI century is facing the depletion of global fossil natural resources and the pursuit of new. Tensionsaround the world present management of natural resources posed the finding of a weak legal regulation, and the idea of adopting other governance based on a new mode of management. The other approach, intergenerational would be based on a reasoned management in the sense of rational, balanced and adapted endemic systems. But this shift puts the issue of the management of global natural resources at the heart of intergenerational priorities. The XXI century then allows to reflect on the legal recognition of the principle of interdependence between Man and Nature. But this legal thinking isa contrario of public policies and traditional management methods. Europe has initiated an effective response. France followed by the adoption of the charter of the environment, the laws say Grenelle I and II, the Law on energy transition. SomeAndean States have included this principle in their constitutions. The contemporary legal approach to the management of global natural resources and returns to other modes of governance and to notions of endemic areas of common public interest. Global environmental legal issues while based on new proactive security policies, strengthening existing ties of cooperation to face the multiplicity of sources of authority and power
Bailly, Denis. "Economie des ressources naturelles communes : la gestion des bassins conchylicoles." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN11044.
Повний текст джерелаGagnon, Pierre-Luc, and Pierre-Luc Gagnon. "La transition institutionnelle vers la durabilité dans la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles au Canada : le cas du Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23667.
Повний текст джерелаLa croissance économique s’est appuyée, depuis l’ère industrielle, sur un fort apport en ressources naturelles. Si la plupart des pays industrialisés opèrent désormais dans une économie davantage axée sur la technologie et les services, il n’en demeure pas moins que le milieu naturel demeure soumis à un ensemble de pressions provenant du commerce des ressources naturelles, de la pollution, de la croissance de la population humaine, de la désintégration des grands écosystèmes ainsi que de la précarisation de la biodiversité. La montée en puissance de groupes environnementaux et le soutien public que ceux-ci ont su mobiliser pour la protection de l’environnement ont favorisé la mise à l’agenda politique d’une gestion étatique de l’environnement axée sur la durabilité. La présente thèse s’intéresse à l’intégration de critères de durabilité dans la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles. À cet égard, la thèse adopte un cadre analytique fondé sur deux axes. Les changements institutionnels s’appuyant sur les règles formelles forment le premier axe. Le deuxième axe s’articule autour de la gestion même des ressources naturelles, c’est-à-dire des modes de gestion traditionnelle, scientifique, adaptative et écosystémique. Après avoir situé la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles dans le cadre fédéral canadien, la thèse effectue une analyse de l’intégration des critères de gestion écosystémique aux règles formelles encadrant la gestion des ressources naturelles aux paliers fédéral et québécois. La thèse conclut en spécifiant que les processus de développement durable institutionnalisés aux deux paliers de gouvernement n’ont pas mené à l’adoption d’un cadre cohérent de gestion écosystémique des ressources naturelles. De plus, un ensemble de manquements aux deux paliers de gouvernement en ce qui concerne la gestion écosystémique des ressources naturelles ont été observés, plus spécifiquement en ce qui concerne le suivi et le contrôle des ressources.
Since the beginning of the industrial age, plentiful natural resources have been the driving force behind economic growth. Although the economies of most industrialized nations are now based more on technology and services, the natural environment is still subjected to pressure from a variety of sources: natural resource trade, pollution, human population growth, the disintegration of large ecosystems, and diminished biodiversity. The rise in power of environmental groups and their success in generating public support for environmental protection have put sustainability-based state management of the environment on the political agenda. This thesis explores the integration of sustainability criteria in state management of natural resources. It studies this issue using a two-axis analytical framework. The first one centers on institutional change through formal rules and the second on the actual management of natural resources (traditional, scientific, adaptive or ecosystemic management). After situating state management of natural resources within the Canadian federal framework, the thesis analyzes the integration of ecosystemic management criteria in the formal rules governing natural resource management at the federal and Quebec levels. The thesis concludes by explaining that the sustainable development processes institutionalized at both levels of government have not led to the adoption of a coherent framework for the ecosystemic management of natural resources. A number of deficiencies in the ecosystemic management of natural resources were observed at both levels of government, particularly with regard to resource monitoring and control.
Since the beginning of the industrial age, plentiful natural resources have been the driving force behind economic growth. Although the economies of most industrialized nations are now based more on technology and services, the natural environment is still subjected to pressure from a variety of sources: natural resource trade, pollution, human population growth, the disintegration of large ecosystems, and diminished biodiversity. The rise in power of environmental groups and their success in generating public support for environmental protection have put sustainability-based state management of the environment on the political agenda. This thesis explores the integration of sustainability criteria in state management of natural resources. It studies this issue using a two-axis analytical framework. The first one centers on institutional change through formal rules and the second on the actual management of natural resources (traditional, scientific, adaptive or ecosystemic management). After situating state management of natural resources within the Canadian federal framework, the thesis analyzes the integration of ecosystemic management criteria in the formal rules governing natural resource management at the federal and Quebec levels. The thesis concludes by explaining that the sustainable development processes institutionalized at both levels of government have not led to the adoption of a coherent framework for the ecosystemic management of natural resources. A number of deficiencies in the ecosystemic management of natural resources were observed at both levels of government, particularly with regard to resource monitoring and control.
Marin, Valérie. "La gestion d'une ressource renouvelable : application aux pêcheries." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020051.
Повний текст джерелаJob, Louis. "Les prix des biens agricoles et miniers et la notion de rente : contribution à la théorie économique des ressources naturelles." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE0002.
Повний текст джерелаTorri, Maria Costanza. "La conservation et l'utilisation durable des ressources naturelles et la gestion participative, le cas de la région de la réserve naturelle des tigres de Sariska, Rajasthan, Inde /." Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39950244c.
Повний текст джерелаBibliogr. p. 210-215. Résumé en français et en anglais. CIHEAM = Centre international des hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes. IAMM = Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier.
Francois, Bousquet. "Modélisation d'accompagnementSimulations multi-agents et gestion des ressources naturelles et renouvelables." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085861.
Повний текст джерелаBontianti, Abdou. "La gestion des ressources naturelles au Niger : l'imbroglio des politiques publiques." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30013.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Gallic Bertrand. "Modélisation bioéconomique et gestion durable d'un système complexe de ressources communes renouvelables : application au cas des pêcheries de la Manche." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES6001.
Повний текст джерелаChamich, Mohamed. "Gestion des conflits liés aux ressources naturelles dans l'arganeraie de Souss (Maroc)." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20098.
Повний текст джерелаThe forest of argan tree is an agro-sylvo-pastoral ecosystem of a very big originality. The agrarian system articulates around three major productions: the products of the argan tree, the breeding and the agriculture. This resource, for a long time plentiful, became rare because of an intense exploitation on behalf of the rustic communities, the breeders nomads and foresters. This situation compromises the economic development of the region. The economic, social and political transformations have an obvious effect on the relations which the various factors maintain with the forest of argan tree. The revealing of the multiplicity of the actors and the functions of the argan tree explains the development of the conflicts concerning the usage of this resource. The present work has as an objective, on one hand, to demonstrate the problem of the conflicts in the arganeraie of Souss, notably the identification of the conflicts and the analysis of the various socioeconomic stakes in these conflicts (causes, implied persons, nature and impact). And on the other hand, study the various mechanisms contributing to the management and to the neutralization of these conflicts, and consequently, insure one long-lasting local development of this territory. To do it, we proceeded to individual and collective interviews with various factors involved in the management of the arganeraie (farmers, breeders, waterworks and Forests, etc. ) It is necessary to note that the resolution of the conflicts is strictly connected to the cultural specificities, to the community structures and to the type of communication between users. This resolution remains at present difficult and ambiguous because of the presence of several factors: Users of the arganeraie of Souss, and the pluri-institutional device
Castillo, Brieva Daniel. "Arrangements institutionnels et modèles mentaux dans la gestion des ressources en bien commun." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100022.
Повний текст джерелаAbuhmaira, Enas. "Le régime juridique des ressources naturelles fluides souterraines communes." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT3012.
Повний текст джерелаWater, petroleum and natural gas, which represents a significant proportion of the natural ressources of a state are, either a source of conflict or a potential for cooperation and solidarity. Very frequently, these three vital and strategic resources are divided between many states which use them, in most cases independantly. On one hand, inadequetely controlled use these ressources lead in many cases to problems of overuse and pollution thatengender risks of crisis and conflicts between states. On the other hand, the need to protect these resources must put in place a rational management. .
Gauthier, Caroline. "Évaluation économique des ressources naturelles, le cas particulier de la biodiversité : application de la méthode contingente au site des forêts de la Garonne." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10073.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this dissertation is the valuation of the biodiversity preservation benefits. This valuation is recommended by the objectives of the Rio convention on biodiversity. The "good" to value is complex, non-familiar to the public and no valuation method from real markets is nowadays relevant. The main question is to know whether a valuation method from simulated markets, or contingent valuation method, permits a significant revelation of these benefits. Our research contains three parts. The first part (chapter 1) proposes a reflexion on the biodiversity concept. Diverse definitions of this concept are available. We compare these different definitions and the measures given by naturalists and economists to determine the elements in adequation with our final aim. The second part deals with the different valuation methods (chapter 2) and studies (chapter 3) of the biodiversity benefits. We recense and compare the valuation methods which the economists can use. The analysis of the different biodiversity valuation studies allows to show the exercise difficulties and to point out the problems to avoid in an empirical study. The third part is empirical. It describes the contingent valuation of a biodiversity preservation program of the Garonne river forests (chapters 4 and 5). The aim is to lead a study that takes into account every difficulty revealed in the first two parts. Such a procedure allows concluding on the current methods to significantly reveal biodiversity benefits. The results indicate that the annual average willingness to pay is 142. 76 francs per household we show that the conceptual problems of complexity and non-familiarity can be solved. But some methodological problems persist. We still have an importance bias. The presence of the importance bias means the non-revelation of the individual underlying preferences. The giving effect is also present. Therefore our willingness to pay result has to be carefully interpreted
Bon, Emmanuel. "Le drame des communaux : appropriation publique, privée, commune ou accès libre aux espaces-ressources naturels indiens ?" Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100157.
Повний текст джерелаIn addition to the 143 millions hectares of cultivated lande, 90 millions hectares of wastelands, pastures and forest - i. E. 30 % of the Indian territory - are de facto hold as common property resources (CPRs). The magnitude of CPRs atteste for thé résilience of longestablished management systems and customary institutions in India. However, thé régulation and control of appropriation rights of natural resources remains contested domains. Beyond thé vain debate between rationality of homo economicus versus irrationality of thé world peasantry, actual situation is a more or less open access to most uncultivated land and renewable resources that is prejudicial to both thé citizen, thé State and nature itself. Main objective is to address theoretical and practical issues related to thé management of renewable resources. Does common property resources a universal cause of environmental tragedy or a pragmatic solution to thé overexploitation of renewable resources in developing countries?
Dan-Dah, Mahaman Laouali. "La gestion décentralisée des ressources naturelles au Niger : un concept juridique en question ?" Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2010.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis specifies the form and the legal contents of the local management of natural resources in Niger through: At first, the analysis of the different forms of users organisations. It figure out that these organisation are different of the traditional modes of access to natural resources in which case, the different activities of natural resources management are complementary. In the same space many prerogatives cohabit and force the different groups of natural resources users to hear each other for a durable exploitation. Now, mostly of users organisations are specialised, each organisation is in charge of the management of one natural resource. Some of these organisations who are not specialised don’t have legal reference, so they are not durable. The influence of land tenure issues, the concurrence of traditional authorities and the high dependence towards development project restrict the competence and the autonomy of user’s organisations. The movement in favour of local management of natural resources is ambiguous. The local administrations have some competencies in natural resources management, but the state is the owner of all these resources. Besides, their competencies are either vindicates by traditional authorities, or uncertainty because of the disparity of the legal and institutional frame. The rule uncertainty promotes the state’s intervention. It is also promoted by many co-ordination institutions and regional conventions which gave to the state many opportunities of going round the local administrations competencies. At last, the privatisation of water and wild fauna sets up a system of exclusive rights which is incompatible with a local management
Lafforgue, Gilles. "Économie des ressources naturelles, du risque et de l' incertain : quatre essais." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10065.
Повний текст джерелаIn this report, we show how the introduction of random elements affects some natural resource management problems. Result crucially depend upon the own characteristics of the resource and the variables subject to uncertainty. Chapter 1 determines the optimal exploitation rule of a renewable resource with amenity values and whose dynamics is continuously disturbed by random fluctuations. Chapter 2 analyzes the effects of global environmental risks such as natural disasters, on the optimal management of a renewable resource. Chapter 3 introduces the possibility of discovering a new deposit at a random date. In chapter 4, we show how a continuous exploration effort can relax the availability constraint of a non-renewable resource. We also investigate the possibility of the economy to reach a sustainable growth path if the impatience of society is balanced by the positive effects of new deposit discoveries
Deybe, Daniel. "Politiques pour une agriculture durable : essai sur la gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010033.
Повний текст джерелаNatural resources depletion and increasing food requirements of world population generate a problem of sustainability of agricultural production systems. The notion of "sustainable agriculture" tries to bring an answer to this problem. This work is focused on the soil, a renewable and depletable resource. Fundamental for agricultural production. After discussing the characteristics of this resource, a "bio-economic" model, considering bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the different production systems, is utilized to evaluate short and long-term effects of different alternative policies at the individual as well as regional or village level
Ayong, Le Kama Alain. "Ressources environnementales et soutenabilité de la croissance." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010027.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this Ph. D. Thesis is to analyze the link between economic growth and environment. We have tried to set a framework which can allow to build environmental policies that insure sustainability of economic growth in the long run. In the first part, we propose a study which supposes that the authorities in charge of environmental policies have a complete knowledge of the structure of natural phenomena technologies and current and future preferences. After a brief survey of the literature, we use a simple model to study conditions in which the economy can evolve along a win-win balanced growth path in the first chapter. In the second chapter, we provide an ethical study of the sustainability concept. In the second part of this thesis, we evaluate the relevance of the models studied before knowing that the main difficulty to come to a decision today in terms of environmental policy is due to our complete ignorance of its long-run consequences, we wonder on the effects of the introduction of environmental uncertainties on the decisions of the central planner. The third chapter analyses two types of environmental uncertainties one is about future generations preferences and the other is on the evolution of environmental resource's stock. At last, in the fourth chapter, we use a microeconomic approach to study the consumers behavior with environmental uncertainty
Barrière, Olivier. "Gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables et conservation des écosystèmes au Sahel : le foncier-environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010299.
Повний текст джерелаThe objet of the study is related to the research on a coviability between humans and ecosystems within a sahelian context whose environmental, socioeconomical and political data have deeply evolued since at least twenty years. An approach based on the anthropo-juridical study of the various exploitation systems and their interactions infers the fundamental imbrication of the land (defined as the substrate support of the biotic elements and the ecological process) and of the environment (composed in particular of the renewed resources as stakes of power relations). This approach in environmental law is made from a methodological attitude taking into account three observation scales : the village territory, the province and the region. Constituing the binomial spaceresource as unit of observation and as operative concept in every scales, it explores the relation man-natural environment by decorticating the land tenure frame of each of the exploitation systems taken individually and in interaction with the others. The aim is to think the principles of a right considering the interactions which weigh on the behaviour of individuals, on their decision and their action in terms of management of natural resources and which integrate the necessity of the longterme coviability of the biodiversity and of the cultural diversity. This right should constitute a change lever and allow to move from the conflicting and disorganized situation that the analysis of the social structures shows to a juridical situation where the liberty margin of the social actors and their respective responsability shares are clarified in accordance with the rights they have on the space-resources and in which they must be, in other respects, secured
Lages, Vinicius Nobre. "Modalités de mise en valeur de ressources renouvelables dans le tropique humide : une étude comparative de l'agriculture sur le littoral de l'État d'Alagoas (Brésil) et du Kerala (Inde)." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0025.
Повний текст джерелаPiazza, Chifflet Adriana. "Modèles mathématiques pour la gestion optimale des ressources renouvelables : une application à la gestion soutenable d'une forêt mélangée." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20095.
Повний текст джерелаPronier, Olivier. "Analyse des peuplements ichtyologiques des plans d'eau français et perspectives de gestion piscicole." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT010A.
Повний текст джерелаBrithmer, Ronald. "Approche écologique de la gestion des ressources naturelles sur le littoral : exemples de la Martinique." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30037.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to study the coast line of martinique. It's got two essential purposes. - in a first time to study the ecological parameters (ground, climate) which govern the installation of the different environments encountered on the coastline. - in a second time to make some proposals in order to manage the natural resources. So, this document in structured in four parts : - a report as an "inventory of fixtures" of the coastline of martinique. It develops the physical aspects as well as the human resources. - some technical uses of the ecological and above all clematic given informations in order to have a thematic cartograph y of the island and to clonclude a bioclimatic map of this department. - two concrete practices regarding the management of the naturel resources : an approach of the legislature concerning the surroundings of the coastline to be protected and the forestation of some cleaned areas from endermic vegetable species. - some perspective to manage and follow up the natural resources from the use of satellite pictures spot
Emperaire, Laure. "Végétation et gestion des ressources naturelles dans la caatinga du sud-est du Piaui (Brésil)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066359.
Повний текст джерелаAvilés, Benitez Anastasia. "Gestion soutenable des ressources naturelles et proximité, le cas de l'agriculture de dehesa en Andalousie." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE21043.
Повний текст джерелаEmperaire, Laure. "Végétation et gestion des ressources naturelles dans la Caatinga du sud-est du Piaui, Brésil." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604885r.
Повний текст джерелаGutierrez, Edgar. "Territoire, saisonnalité et gestion des ressources en Amazonie vénézuelienne." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0055.
Повний текст джерелаEl objetivo de esta tesis consiste en poner en evidencia cómo una comunidad amerindia arawako de la Amazonia venezolana se representa su medio y las prácticas que aplica en la gestión de los espacios y ecosistemas. Los datos reunidos en este trabajo, de carácter interdisciplinario, intentan responder a los distintos tipos de problemas que se plantean en la delimitación de un territorio indígena, en particular con relación a su construcción social. Para eso, esta memoria consagra una primera parte a presentar generalidades sobre el contexto geográfico, ecológico, histórico y cultural del oeste de la Amazonia venezolana donde esta establecida la comunidad autóctona que fue objeto de nuestro estudio. Luego, presenta un cuadro general de vida de los habitantes de La Comunidad, discutiendo brevemente de su pertenencia étnica y los distintos tipos de responsabilidad en la vida social. Su vida religiosa se abordó también, en la medida en que ésta tiene una incidencia sobre la gestión de los recursos naturales. Diversas variables culturales se combinan en la representación que los habitantes se hacen de su territorio y el conocimiento que tienen de éste. En primer lugar, se compiló datos históricos sobre la ocupación del espacio por los habitantes de La Comunidad. Luego se expone la influencia de las variaciones espacio-temporales de los factores hídricos y climáticos sobre el carácter estacional de la disponibilidad cualitativa y cuantitativa de los recursos florísticos y faunísticos, asi como su relación con las actividades productivas. Presentamos a continuación las distintas categorías ecológicas reconocidas por los habitantes en su medio, en relación con la utilización del territorio. Luego se examina la forma en que los habitantes de La Comunidad se representan su territorio y tienen en cuenta las relaciones con los seres espirituales. Por último, se examina el resultado de la representación que se hacen de su territorio, sobre la base de la combinación de todos esos elementos, que conjugan observaciones e imaginario. Terminaremos por una exposición sobre el análisis de distintos derechos de propiedad, de derechos de uso y de modalidades de apropiación del territorio y los recursos, respecto a derechos expresados por la legislación del Estado venezolano. Los dos últimos capítulos se consagran a generalidades sobre la alimentación para, a continuación, examinar en detalle su relación con las distintas prácticas vinculadas a la utilización del medio: la agricultura, la pesca, la caza y la recolección. La conclusión destaca la dificultad de las poblaciones indígenas para hacer corresponder lo mejor posible sus representaciones del territorio que reivindican, donde rigen normas precisas de acceso, con una lógica del Estado venezolano que les es extranjera. La presión exterior sobre su mundo cultural les lleva actualmente a reducir el espacio de producción y extracción de los recursos alimentarios y, por lo tanto, la durabilidad de la agricultura y la transmisión de sus conocimientos, exceptuando los espacios sujetos a la influencia de los seres espirituales
The purpose of this thesis is to show how an Amerindian Arawakan community of the Venezuelan Amazon basin represents itself its environment and the practices that it applies for the management of the spaces and the ecosystems. The data showed in this interdisciplinary work, is an attempt to answer the different questions posed about the delimitation of indigenous people's territories, particularly related to its social structure. The first part of this memory presents an overview of the geographic, historical and cultural context of the west Amazon Venezuelan basin, where the autochthon community object of our research inhabits. Then, a general table of life about the inhabitants of La Comunidad is presented, discussing briefly their ethnic identity and the different types of membership's responsibilities in the social life. Their religious life have been analysed as long as it affects the natural resources management. Several cultural variables are combined in the form the inhabitants use to present their territory and knowledge they have of it. Firstly, we gathered historical data on the occupation of space by the inhabitants of La Comunidad. Then we expose the influence of the space-time variations of the hydrous and climatic factors on of the qualitative and quantitative availabilities of the floristic and animal resources and their relationship to the productive activities. Then, we present the various ecological categories recognized by the inhabitants in their environment related to the use of the territory. Afterwards, we examine the way the inhabitants of La Comunidad represent their territory and take into account the relations with the spiritual beings. Finally, we review the results of the representation they made of their territory, based on the combination of all these elements, conjugating observations and imaginary. We will finish exposing the analysis of the property rights, and the methods of appropriation of the territory and the resources, compared to the rights expressed by the legislation of the Venezuelan Administration. The two final chapters are dedicated to general information related to the food, in order to examine in detail its relationship with the different practices linked to the use of the medium: agriculture, fishing, hunting, and the gathering. The conclusion emphasizes the difficulty of the indigenous populations trying to link, in the best possible way, their representations of their territory, to the precise access rules asserted by the administrative logic of the State, which is foreign for them. This external pressure over their cultural world currently leads them to reduce the space of production and extraction of the alimentary resources and, consequently, the durability of agriculture and transmission of their knowledge, excepting the spaces subjected to the influence of the spiritual beings
Ranaivomanana, Lala N. J. "Identification des conditions d’appropriation de la gestion durable des ressources naturelles et des écosystèmes : Cas du grand récif de Toliara." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARH068.
Повний текст джерелаChaussée, François. "La mer de Barents et ses rivages : de l'exploitation d'un espace à la préservation d'un territoire." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT3005.
Повний текст джерелаThe Barents Sea is today mostly known for its environmental problems due to nuclear contamination. However, the study of this northern maritim system (sea and coastlines) situated beyond 70. North and which spans more than 10 degrees of latitude, is clearly more complex and can not be restricted to the legitimate ecological broadcasted by the western media. With this latitude, this geographical sytem can be qualified of exceptional because of its physical and climatic characteristics for this latitude. Its incredible ecosystem and geology, gifts of nature, makes the Barents Sea a sea plenty in resources. This geographical margin is occupied by man in a complex and heteogeneous way. Some used to ponctually draw some of its resources. But little by little, exogenous powers started to corner the place which made it a rim. . The geographic rim was put in the heart of global and regional strategic issues
From its rim status, the region slightly became periphery status, with all that created in terms of dependence, when the different exogenous actors started to massively exploit the important resources. This semantic slide from the concept of margin to rim, then to periphery, takes place in a long and complex process. A diachronic analysis focused on a territorial systemogenesis allows us to better understand this area and defines the different historical pulsations that assaulted the region. The result of this was a terrible race towards confrontation and fragmentation. Our thesis is ambitious. It consists to affirm that we are witnessing a territorial recomposition the birth of a more coherent and homogenous territory. Indeed, there is today two distinct geographical objects, one Russian and one Norwegian, but the geopolitical ambitions of all kinds are great to bring a new territory. The emergence of a new territory, comes firstly by creating tools and integrated global management, for which all spheres of society must be taken into account. Norway has played in this area a leading role
Foufou, Ammar. "La gestion paysanne des ressources naturelles dans le Bas-Sahara algérien : cas de Ouargla et Biskra." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30022.
Повний текст джерелаBiskra and Ouargla are two sub-units which are home of the Bas-Sahara, where the economy and the population are soaring. They are characterized by the coexistence of two forms of agricultural production in different ways and factors of production available, one capitalist and another one traditional and suburban. The traditional form is facing a difficult, economic, social, hydrological and agricultural reality. Its current operation is subject to secular’s peasant’s rules and methods, but has difficulty to the two speeds socio-economic change. The management of agricultural space in the two sub-assemblies can not be dissociated from the regional or local level, because natural resources are unevenly distributed. The rural population is made up of family and composed. Agricultural land is a fundamental element of their attachment to their space. Its operation is subject to specific methods of a sahara’s peasant. The management of water as a valuable natural resource in such an area is subject to rules and methods based on equity, solidarity and discipline. The external links of this space are first based, on the relationship between themselves as producers, the market for the marketing and supply, market and professional bodies. Relations peasant-farmer, farmers' market and farm-workers are much stronger than that maintained with the State, as a player in the functioning of this area consists mainly of intensive and often aging, especially in Ouargla. These farms are not immune to the biotic and abiotic threats, which jeopardizes their sustainability over time, although some farmers show their determination to go far in their investment and their expansion, if conditions are favorable. This determination leaves some hope for the traditional survive longer
Sarr, Mamadou. "Étude critique d'un thème d'éducation relative à l'environnement : l'utilisation rationnelle et la gestion des ressources naturelles." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077221.
Повний текст джерелаFache, Élodie. "Impérialisme écologique ou développement ? : Les acteurs de la gestion des ressources naturelles à Ngukurr en Australie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3037.
Повний текст джерелаIn Northern Australia, a new category of Indigenous social actors emerged in the 1990s: “rangers”. Their jobs and programmes are based on the professionalization and formalization of “traditional” responsibilities for the land and sea. They are presented as natural resource management and biodiversity conservation mechanisms controlled by Indigenous communities and as a basis for local “development”.This thesis proposes a critical view of the ranger system, starting from the following question: is this system a form of “ecological imperialism”? The ethnography (2009-2010) of the social interactions at work in the activities of the Ngukurr community's ranger group (Arnhem Land, Northern Territory) is combined with a contextualization and an analysis linking local, regional and national levels with the international discourse.The ranger system reflects various endogenous and exogenous logics that go beyond its stated aims of environmental and socioeconomic resilience. It is based on complex power relations and negotiations between the different actors involved (including the Australian State), between “traditional ecological knowledge” and science, and between local and bureaucratic social relationships. This study reveals the bureaucratization process and the many external interventions and ambivalences inherent in this system which (re)produces social distinctions and tensions. It also highlights the mediator or broker role played by the rangers as well as the ambiguous position of the researcher in such a context
Magné, Bertrand. "Changement climatique et ordre optimal d'exploitation des ressources." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10069.
Повний текст джерелаWe study the origin of carbon emissions which lead to climate change, owing to the theory of natural resource management. Our simulations of the energy market show that in the long run, alternative energy sources, such as solar and nuclear, progressively substitute to fossil sources under reasonable cost decrease assumptions. We analyze the order of exploitation of a fossil resource and its clean substitute when the pollution accumulation is capped. New simulations emphasize the benefits of the early adoption of a cheap substitute. The pollution abatement reduces appreciably the externality cost of climate change. We finally model the nuclear fuel cycle linking the flows and stocks of fissil materials that supply a nuclear fleet. We exhibit the need for fast breeder reactors if uranium ore and nuclear technology are to be used massively in order to mitigate climate change
Brou, Ettien. "Gouvernance des ressources naturelles : contribution méthodologique d'une démarche multicritère à composante délibérative : application au projet de définition du plan de gestion des marais côtiers Tanoé Ehy." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS019S.
Повний текст джерелаRural communauties, entrepreneurs, Technical departments, ecologist movements etc. , how to find an agreement when it’s necessary to develop a policy guiding the management of natural resources in sustainable context? This question presupposes the implementation of methods, techniques and tools which should help to structure relationship between the different actors and their respective complex value systems. The INTEGRAALTM approach of multi-criteria and deliberative assessment includes a set of tools for a comprehensive, functional and interactive analysis. It should help to structure and analyze stakeholders' preferences in participatory decision-making process. Throughout present thesis, we analyze its contributions for managing common pool resources in rural territories. An application is dedicated to the problem of collective choice in Tanoé-Ehy’s coastal swamps management project (Côte d’Ivoire)
De, Moraes Vodopives Hildete. "La mondialisation de la compagnie Brésilienne Vale, 2002-2010." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL123.
Повний текст джерелаThe internationalisation of companies located in developing countries is a feature of contemporary globalization. Inverting the trend of capital flows, they represent what the Boston Consulting Group calls the global challengers: “a group of emerging challengers that are becoming important players in both developing and developed countries around the globe.” This dissertation examines the case of one of these challengers: the Brazilian mining company Vale. After the acquisition of the Canadian giant Inco in 2006, Vale jumped from the sixth to the second position among global mining companies. Such a drastic move elicits a number of questions. What reasons led this unknown emerging company to venture in an international environment? How successful was Vale in this endeavor? What are the effects of Vale’s internationalization on the Brazilian economy? Since its creation in 1942 as a state-controlled company, Vale plays a leading role in Brazil’s economic development. At the same time, the company had no choice but to turn to international markets. After its privatization, the company defines the goal of becoming a global player with an aggressive plan for national and international acquisitions. Results are expressive. Vale succeds in expanding both its international presence and its product portfolio. Nevertheless, the becoming a global player ambition is not completely achieved. In 2010, Vale remains a company that suffers from Brazilian political interference and cost of doing business
Poder, Emmanuel. "Programmation par contraintes et ordonnancement de tâches avec consommation variable de ressource." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21374.
Повний текст джерелаDiaby, Moussa. "Apport de l'analyse multicritère à la gestion d’une ressource agricole : cas de l'hévéa en Afrique." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN0665.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this study is to settle a rigorous field of decision analysis for rubber tree clones selection. Nowadays there does not exist any process based upon a strict method to select the right clone for the right place to get the highest return on investment. The only known selection method is to use the experience of different protagonists acting in the plantation. So, we need a tool that takes into account very important criteria in order to achieve the main objective. This goal is reached using three multicriteria methods as Electre III, SMAA II and Multicriteria Approval. The comparison and the choice of rubber tree clones are always a multicriteria approach with evaluations which vary according to the ecological sites. The step leading to experimentation-recommendation had formalized, but without clarifying the way of treating the uncertainty attached to the variation of the data and the variable importance of the various criteria. The multicriteria methods are interesting because they allow us to pursue the objective of clones’ classification with more differentiating and a different approach basing on a systematic comparison of all pairs of clones
Azizi, Jamal. "Gestion des ressources naturelles non renouvelables : Équilibre du marché, impacts socio-économiques et canaux potentiels de malédiction des ressources -Une application au Phosphate-." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM030/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this thesis is to examine the sustainable management of non-renewable resources in general and phosphate rock in particular. The first chapter presents the current situation, future trends and geopolitical issues pertaining to the global phosphate market. The analysis shows a large deficit in world phosphate supply in the future, inciting producers with sufficient phosphate reserves to invest in new capacities. The second chapter develops a multi-leader-multi-follower Stackelberg model, calibrated using real data from the phosphate market. This model derives the optimal future capacities for different producers according to their reserve levels and their development costs. The results show that the market would become more concentrated in 2100, with Morocco being the dominante country wich already holding three quarters of the world's reserves. The third chapter presents and calculates the linkage effects generated by Morocco’s phosphates exploitation. Using the Input-Output model, the proposed empirical analysis compares the socio-economic impacts of extraction to those related to transformation or valorization. The results of this analysis show that phosphates transformation is more linked to the other sectors and generates higher socio-economic impacts in terms of added value, income and employement. The last chapter contributes to the literature on the natural resources curse by linking agricultural performance and urbanization to the abundance of resources. The empirical study, based on a panel of African countries, shows a significant link between the abundance of mineral resources, the underdevelopment of the agricultural sector and urban explosion
Miller, Novadene. "Développement durable et gestion de l'eau dans la région des cockpits (Jamaïque) : efficience du discours, perception et usages, quelle durabilité ?" Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0377.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation examines the extent to which the local residents’ perspectives and practices linked to the use of natural resources, such as water, are sustainable. This includes an examination of the role of environmental and non-environmental drivers on water quality within the context of the livelihood systems in the Cockpit Country, Jamaica. The Cockpit Country region is defined by a rounded topography and karst geography, which plays a critical role in the hydrological system. Case study areas consisted of two principal categories: areas with water access points and areas without access points, as water use sources. The research uses an explanatory approach to establish causal linkages between local perspectives and usage of natural resources. New questions include a focus on water usage practices, water security, water access and sustainability within the socio geographic context of livelihood systems
Zarrella, André-Dominique. "La politique internationale des pêcheries en Méditerranée : exploitation, gestion et conservation des ressources naturelles de la mer." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10008.
Повний текст джерелаMediterranean sea is actually suffering from an overfishing of its resources because of a lack of an international control policy of its fisheries. There is urgency and at the same time difficulties to cure this delicate situation, so many are the conflicts between traditional fisheries and states in Mediterranean sea. It seems impossible to adapt the oceanic fisheries control policy to the Mediterranean sea. The only solution is to create a project of partition of its natural resources from the new international law of the sea and concept of enclosed sea
Bosc, Pierre-Marie. "À la croisée des pouvoirs : une organisation paysanne face à la gestion des ressources, Basse Casamance, Sénégal /." Paris : IRD éd., Institut de recherche pour le développement : CIRAD, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400414746.
Повний текст джерелаMariat-Roy, Émilie. "Si les quotas m'étaient contés : les conséquences économiques et sociales des politiques islandaises de gestion des ressources marines : ethnologie de communautés littorales." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0483.
Повний текст джерелаMy doctoral research brings together diverse aspects -social, economic, political and symbolic - of the transformations in the system of property ownership and regulation of access to marine resources following the implementation in 1991 of individual transferable quotas (ITQ). With a view to gaining a comprehensive understanding of the organization of a system of halieutic production, as well as the conditions determining its evolution, I seek to ientify an occupational group across a wide geographical and temporal extent. The aim is to capture, on the one hand, the diversity and fullness of meaning of meaning which fishing as both an idustry and way of life embodies whilst, on the other, to chart its transformation across the past, present and envisaged future fromboth a material and an ideal perspective. With these gols in mind, I consider, firstly, the historical development of the fishing industry in order to shed lighton the process through which marine resources came to be considered as national property, one which involves a comples nexus of interrelated technical, social and economic factors. Secondly, I carry out a comparative analysis of the practices and discourses structuring the forms of mobilization as well as the individual and collective strategies of the coastal populations of seven fishing ports in response to national policies for the management of marine resources. Within this framework, I give detailed consideration to the manner in which the industry's independent fishermen, the flourishing of whom had gone hand in hand with that of commercial fishing, attempt to counteract the effects of national reforms, observing the conditions, forms and consequences of such attempts on both local and national level. This analysis seeks to give due emphasis to the individualization process of fishing and fish processing practices variations in fishing practices which varies from one region to the next, as well as on making sense of the evolution of juridical practices for the regulation of the industry in the wake of the implementation of the ITQ. I bring to light, furthermore, the fashion in which the process of the privatization and commercialization of fishing rights, initiated by public authorities and subsequently pursued by diverse members of the industry, contradicts the principals embodied in fishing laws, a contradiction the significance of which cannot be overlooked
Oriol, David. "Performance et intelligence dans les réseaux de domicile." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066370.
Повний текст джерелаIn the future, home networks will combine four worlds. Computer communications, digital entertainment services, telecommunications and smart applications. This proliferation of services and facilities yields to a more and more complex management for home networks because management systems used in other types of networks, such as corporate networks, are not suitable for users of home networks. That is why intelligent management systems find their way into homes. We have developed an intelligent system that has the role of managing the entire home. Using techniques from artificial intelligence, our system can collect information at different points of the home to populate the knowledge base and thus make the right decisions so that all services can coexist and be consistent with expectations. Regarding security, we committed to implement two authentication systems, one that authenticates Internet access from an ISP and the other that takes care of the authentication of people to access the home network. On a broader scope than just home networks, we also made our contribution to the difficult task of designing protocols with a Post-IP view. We have proposed a design method based on the composition of functionnalities with a header-driven model
Diop, Moustapha Rey Pierre Philippe Le Roy Étienne. "Réformes foncières et gestion des ressources naturelles en Guinée : enjeux de patrimonialité et de propriété dans le Timbi au Fouta Djalon /." Paris : Éd. Karthala, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40990344b.
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