Дисертації з теми "Gestion des crises – Afrique occidentale"
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Kone, Issiaka. "Le Mandenkaya : ou l'art d'exalter, de contenir et d'éteindre le conflit." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR21006.
Повний текст джерелаPécheur, André. "La mercatique appliquée au développement : essai d'un apport anthropologique à la gestion du développement, à partir de l'étude de 22 opérations en Afrique de l'Ouest." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE2030.
Повний текст джерелаUsing an anthropological epistemology, this thesis proposes to amend the tools of the development management as a copy of the occidental methods through an anthropological epistemology. Its defines management as : a practice of the power which maintains or renews the frame of its application. Its inducing ,a vision of a world, raises the problem that is generated by situations of intercultural exchanges, such as projects. The questionning deals with the nature of the practice, its connection with economic or social relationships of domination, and with its relative independance from culture. It attemps to show, from how decisive are the "transactions", that the practice is to be linked with a specific logic : of sense, or symbolic. The society would be the result of a constant activity of its members who would be directed during their practice by this specific logic. The exchange of objects submitted to this logic, is particularly important : the latter at the same time concrete and a logic category, create a social space and a common sense, along with their circulation. Once amended, the marketing (which can produce social out of objects) can allow the creation of a common sense among the partners of a projet
Dello, Jean-Jacques. "Crises cotonnières et évolution durable de la production cotonnière dans les pays de l'Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA)." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON10017.
Повний текст джерелаDuring 60s, the cotton production bursts out in the countries of UEMOA, under the impetus of the French company for textile fibres development (CFDT, in French). In 70s, national companies of development take over. Backbone of a "functionnally integrated" commodity chain, cotton companies handle most of the functions : supplying the farmers with inputs on credit, marketing, ginning, etc. The cotton company is under an obligation to buy almost all the seed cotton produced by farmers as a price theoretically fixed in advance before planting. The production increases from 50 000 tons in 1960 to 630 000 tons just before the great cotton crisis in the mid-80s. The cotton commodity chain was reorganized then in order to reduce the production costs (thus to restore competitivity) with the purpose to reduce the financial deficits. The objective of this work is to study the West African cotton sectors, and to analyse the reasons of their relative success in terms of rentability and competitivity as well as the impact of the liberalization process
Gonot, Bertrand. "Gestion et crises du "système eau" de 1964 à 1991 : le bassin de la Midouze (Aquitaine occidentale)." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU1006.
Повний текст джерелаThe 1964 water act was passed in order to regulate the social crises which shook the french "water system" in the early 1960s. Despite the measures taken, the persistent pollution, the growing lack of water, the development of detrimental flooding and the destruction of aquatic and humid environments all led to such an increase in the number of conflictual situations : thus new regulation at national level was necessary in the early 1990s (the 1992 water act). Research carried out on the midouze basin reveals the fundamental causes of such an increase in the entropy of the "water system". The effects of the socio-economical and technological transformations which occured after 1945 were three-fold: first, the development within society of an increasingly "aggressive" relationship as regards the hydrological systems; second, the disengagement of individuals where water management is concerned; third, the disintegration of solidarity which had previously united them. Consequently, extensive modifications in the state of water resources and of aquatic and humid environments were made, particularly after 1964; these transformations were deemed harmful and condemned by many groups of protagonists. The increasing entropy within the "water system" can be explained by an inadequate social regulation. On the one hand, the evolution of anthropological pressure exerted on the hydrological systems has been insufficiently controlled owing to the malfunctioning and inadequacy of the regulatory "instruments"; on the other hand, certain actions undertaken by the authorities to regulate the crises have been insufficient or inappropriate. To conclude, this research reveals that many of the crises studied have been - or are in the process of being - regulated thanks to actions carried out on a local scale by pressure groups
N'Diaye, Mame Gnilane. "Les recherches régionales pour une solution aux conflits en Afrique de l'Ouest." Lyon 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO33033.
Повний текст джерелаThe events which shake one and the other the countries of West Africa challenge us. The African west corroded by its regional abscesses presents an extremely complex situation which led many States as well as African organizations to take initiatives in order to find an exit with these problems. In spite of these initiatives, weaknesses of nature's structural, logistic, operational, financial however continue to block the development as of their capacities to face the conflicts in the area; added with this report the absence of a standing army force, from where need for the installation of a new strategy to come to end from the conflicts. The transfer of the forces armed to a level higher than that with national spaces is essential because the conflicts have today a tendency to a propagation and a diffusion out of the national borders. This prospect of total nature to regulate the conflicts is the only viable step if, West Africa wants to leave this swirl of insecurity in which it is. This armed force finds already its bases in the total concept of a mechanism of prevention and management of the conflicts and, its legitimacy within the regional and international organizations. Its creation is possible, but only if the African western countries manage to set up a model of organization and operation adapted while profiting from the co-operation of the Western countries
Tini, Apollinaire. "La gestion des déchets solides ménagers à Niamey au Niger : essai pour une stratégie de gestion durable." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0084/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe simple analysis it self of the two cohabiting systems, shows the problems found in the town development control and mainly financial problems that the municipality experiment and endure. After the comparative study of these two systems which depicts differences and evident lacks concerning service organisation and stakeholders role, we think that it will be illusive to imagine in short term to establish a solid waste collect and elimination system, to the city as a whole, as usual as in developed countries. Based on this hypothesis, our thesis (the new strategy) proposes to cohabit in technical, economic, social and institutional coherence, the two collecting systems. This strategy aims at making coherent the efforts of all: populations, private sector, association and other stakeholders, municipal institutions, government, sponsors. We want it to be clear and simple to be understood by all, for stimulate everyone’s action and engage everyone in a behavioural changing process. Its practice needs nevertheless a real political will and a compromise of all stakeholders true dynamical stakeholders process
Cabane, Lydie. "Gouverner les catastrophes : politiques, savoirs et organisation de la gestion des catastrophes en Afrique du Sud." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0055.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation analyses the making of a government of disasters in South Africa through the development of instruments, knowledge, organisations and professions that rendered disasters governable and operationalized the state. This process finds its origins in the rise of civil defence from the mid-20th century, that constituted disasters as an object of intervention for the state through emergency planning techniques as well as the formation of a profession in the 1980s to protect the state and its critical infrastructures from anti-apartheid protests. In 1994, the conjunction between the democratic transition and simultaneous global transformations that were promoting models of “disaster management”, led to re-orientate the way disasters were governed through the circulation of experts, knowledge and policy models. The institutionalisation of disaster management within the state, its local organisations and the profession participated to reshape the form and the extent of the state. Notions of risk and vulnerability came to redefine political relations between the state and citizens, by circumscribing new objects of protection and designing “vulnerable population” as beneficiaries of the benevolence of the state. This reconfiguration is intertwined with a parallel process of “academisation” of the knowledge on disasters and the making of a new discipline. Disaster science mobilized to define and describe vulnerabilities, though it is caught in a never-ending conflict with professionals and the state on the operationalisation of this new understanding of disasters. This conflict shapes the government of disasters and reveals contradictions within the state
Ahoulouma, Fortuné B. "Contribution à l'étude du concept de développement durable : une application au secteur de l'eau douce au sein de l'Union économique et monétaire ouest africaine (U.E.M.O.A.)." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT3008.
Повний текст джерелаThe study aims at exploring the ways for the appropriation of sustainable development by international law because of its spell-binding and vague nature. This concept, which became popular during the 1992 Rio Declaration, is used today as a basis for public policies on environment. The study thus proposes, because of the general character of the concept, an application to the water sector within the U. E. M. O. A region. This application depends on the changes which could stem from the international acknowledgement of sustainable development in International water law. International principles and regulations of sustainable and common management of water resources will flow from these evolutions which could be adaptated within the U. E. M. O. A. Member countries. There is a need for reforms and for a strong involvement of the international community which constitutes the adequate framework for a critical analysis geared towards the defence of common interests
Abba, Goni Béchir. "Vers une caractérisation du processus d'appropriation des systèmes d'information mobiles (SIM) en Afrique francophone : une approche empirique des usages et usagers au Burkina Faso, au Niger et au Tchad." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4032.
Повний текст джерелаLaë, Raymond. "Les pêcheries artisanales lagunaires ouest-africaines : échantillonnage et dynamique de la ressource et de l'exploitation." Brest, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BRES2010.
Повний текст джерелаLecoutre, Delphine. "Le fonctionnement du Conseil de paix et de sécurité : jeux de puissance et d'influence dans le cadre multilatéral de l'Union africaine." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010332.
Повний текст джерелаOyono, Jean Bosco. "La gestion et la résolution des conflits en Afrique centrale : sortir des crises et reconstruire la paix : le cas de la République démocratique du Congo." Lyon 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO31079.
Повний текст джерелаOur work falls into two parts. The first part introduces the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC); it essentially shows the different crises and wars undergone by this country since its independence in 1960. According to a report sent by a group of UNO experts to UN Security Council on December 8,2008, the country is rich with innumerable natural resources such as diamond, cobalt, copper, oil , etc ); moreover, it contains more than 15% of the world hydraulic potential, i. E. , 50% of the hydraulic potential of the whole African continent. Unfortunately, the Congolese have never had any control over these riches which have never served the financial interests of the Natives because of the dictatorial Regimes that have governed the country since its independence. The case of the Democratic Republic of Congo is an illustration of the contrast between a potentially rich country and a poor people. The second part suggests solutions to help put an end to crises and the circle of violence. So, we have defined three main models of political Regimes: the federal type, the Presidential and Parliamentary types which should be sustained by a democratic system equivalent to the model of Western. Naturally, we have underlined both the advantages and disadvantages of each system as far as The Democratic Republic of Congo is concerned. We have also examined the hypothesis of a possible partition of the DRC on the model of pre-colonial African Monarchies, and this in accordance with the geomorphologic aspect of the later armed conflict. Finally, we have suggested an endogenous Democracy of African type
Niang, Pathé Marame. "Les processus participatifs dans la gestion des écosystèmes en Afrique de l'Ouest : une contribution à la démocratie environnementale." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROD003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe participative processes basing on the principles of information and participation regarding environment contribute to the environmental democracy in Africa the West. This contribution is made beyond the implementation of these principles in the management of the ecosystems, by the research for an environmental social justice and the attempt to implement (operate) the principles of good governance in the service of the management of the ecosystems and the respect for human rights in the field of the environment. However, so that the participative processes make a better contribution to the environmental democracy in western Africa, it is necessary that the legal framework of the participation of the public is clarified. This legal framework concerns as well the access to the information, the procedures of participation of the public in the decision-making and in the management regarding environment, but especially to offer the possibility to the public to be listened by the justice or by of other one methods of payment of the disputes regarding environment and regarding management of the ecosystems
Capo, Chichi Gilbert. "D’une perspective anthropologique vers l’élaboration d’un dispositif de management des connaissances en Afrique de l’Ouest." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30006.
Повний текст джерелаAs the mutation of Humanities and Social Science supported by the disruption of information science paradigms and communication, knowledge organization systems to those worn by knowledge societies, it‟s important to reconsider the relationship between individuals, communities and technology in a learning process environment for knowledge capitalization. The objective of this thesis is to propose a hybrid model of knowledge capitalization supported by knowledge management in Benin context.The aims of this proposal, is to improve the results of the re-use of business knowledge. So we will start with a questioning of the existence of an endogenous knowledge capitalization model which can boost the development of West African enterprises in general and Benin in particular.To verify the possibility of the application or transposition of this traditional model to the realities of the business, we focuse on the factors that may affect the efficiency of the transfer process for capitalization. These factors were identified in our literature review in which we found multitude of techniques and theoretical approaches to understand the phenomenon. However, in this research, we are divided between two dominant schools of thought in this subject area that are constructivism and positivism. In this momentum, we start from an anthropological perspective towards the establishment of a knowledge capitalization system in West Africa. Inspired by the way the Yoruba Nago communities and Fa perceive corporate life and the transmission of knowledge (what knowledge transferred, for which tools and the impact of this transfer on the community).To achieve this goal mention above, we will conduct a qualitative exploratory approach to the various players in the Fa community of practice and also in some enterprises in Benin. This through the implementation (adaptation) of a knowledge capitalization device in the company, taking into account cultural and anthropological realities whose case is presented in this thesis by an empirical study
Bambara, Linda. "Analyse et optimisation de la durabilité des systèmes de production de biocarburants oléagineux en Afrique de l’Ouest." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0282/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe profitability of biofuel production chains is a prerequisite to their competitiveness with fossil fuels. Profitability depends on several intrinsic factors related to processing technology and the organization of these sectors.In this thesis, we will study in particular Jatropha Curcas, Balanites aegyptiaca and sunflower supply chains. The aims are to evaluate and optimize the sustainability conditions of biofuel production chain of in West Africa.Starting by potentially existing chains in West Africa, a model will be proposed to calculate the costs and environmental impacts of biofuel production systems taking into account the geographic data on the fields, seasonal constraints, geographical constraints and the availability of resources. This study will also include the analysis and optimization of technological options and biofuel production processes. Thus after defining the relevant criteria and indicators for sustainable development, it will be: provide an assessment model of these criteria for networks studied taking into account the option of valorization of co-products; design a multicriteria tool in order to evaluate the performance of biofuel production systems; develop a tool or "decision support system" for policy makers and those involved in the studied sectors; study not only the technical aspects of oilseed processing into biofuel, but also introduce into the calculations system, the cost which allows to produce seeds, carry them to the unit, and perform their transformation
Gubert, Flore. "Migration et gestion collective des risques : l’exemple de la région de Kayes (Mali)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF10219.
Повний текст джерелаAmoussou, Ernest. "Variabilité pluviométrique et dynamique hydro-sédimentaire du bassin versant du complexe fluvio-lagunaire Mono-Ahémé-Couffo (Afrique de l'ouest)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493898.
Повний текст джерелаAgbobly-Atayi, Amevi. "L’organisation internationale de la francophonie en matière de prévention, de gestion et de règlement des crises et conflits en Afrique subsaharienne francophone : cas de la république démocratique du Congo, du Tchad, de la Côte d'Ivoire et du Togo." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30059.
Повний текст джерелаIn francophone Sub-Saharan Africa conflicts and crises have increased in number and intensity over the two last decades and remained a major issue demanding a global response. They are often mainly caused by the breach of human rights and the coming of democratic process leading chaotic transitions, such as in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Chad, Ivory Coast and Togo.The international organisation of “ francophonie” – whose role consists in promoting culture and whose new tools and mechanisms aim at preventing and solving crises – play a major part among the UN and other international and regional organisations as a cultural institution for democracy and security. Apart from its prevailing part played in terms of contribution to the democratic process, the actions of the organisation complement those of other organisations involved in preventing, managing, and solving conflicts.At this time of security challenge among countries and despite limited means, working out – within this geo cultural area that has a political dimension – a secure strategic identity, turns out to be necessary in order to curb major threats and risks and fully play the role of influential power
Mengue, m'engouang Darlane. "Ingérences étrangères dans les crises politiques en Mauritanie et en Guinée de 2008 à 2013." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1043.
Повний текст джерелаOver many years, numerous African States are facing serious issues due to the reappraisal or challenges of their so called democratic political system. Also, in the year 2008, the existing political conditions in both Mauritania and Guinea were destroyed by a coup d'état known as coup (e.g., putsch, or an overthrow), respectively in August and December of the same year; And over the days, these two states entered into political crisis considered as implying actions to be taken or steps toward civil war. The international community is highly considering these above mentions two states, for they are respectively parts the very geographical spaces threatened by constant instability such as the Sahel-Saharan zone (e.g., Mauritania) and the west-African sub-region (e.g., Guinea). In accordance with regulations and provisions by international law, we could acknowledge the involvement of the international community amongst the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), France and the United States, in order to lead the post-crisis process in each country. This thesis endeavors to investigate all the aspects with respect of these foreign interventionists, while highlighting the factors that trigger off these two political crises. Meanwhile, this thesis contributes to examine the principles and fundamental stakeholders of this external interference from these countries. Hence, the overall system, allows understanding the versatility of external forces or foreign actors standing out each coup d'état or "stroke of state"
Wurm, Isabelle. "Le littoral dakarois : lieu de productions identitaires." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC268/document.
Повний текст джерелаWest Africa is marked by increasing urbanisation in its coastal areas, a phenomenon born out of the expansion of international trade in the colonial era. From this point onwards, we can note a likeness in the human activities that have an influence on coastal zones everywhere on the planet, although diverse responses to identical activities can also be observed. The subject of this thesis is the organisation of Dakar’s coastline, and it takes the interactions that go on between the city’s different stakeholders as its starting point, be they professionals of traditional fishing practices, local authorities active in the public sphere, technical and development experts, people who use the coastal area or residents. Pushes to impose ‘good governance’, the introduction of judicial frameworks that manage the appropriation and protection of coastal spaces and debates around local and participative control of such areas are developments that represent norms driven on a global scale which are then imposed on a local level. Such phenomena have tended to create a context of coastal management that is tenuous in Senegal. The field of study is built around several neighbourhoods that correspond to former Lebou villages, sites that belong above all to the custodians of local history and that are emblematic of the way the working classes have participated in the fabrication of African cities. The practices observed in these territories lead us into debates regarding indigenous sovereignty and ethnic identity. This piece of research includes a written thesis and a web documentary that together form a complete work
Acosta, Raphael. "Développement durable et marchés émergents : le cas de l'ISR en Afrique du Sud, au Brésil et en Inde." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD013/document.
Повний текст джерелаAccording to traditional financial theory, markets are deemed efficient and investors rational. They base the choice of their portfolios on well-defined financial parameters, following their own risk aversion. With the development of socially responsible investments (SRIs) in the middle of the 90s, a vast domain of research became available when selectingone’s portfolio. Indeed, investors integrate new elements which are out of the financial scope to their strategy of portfolio management, thus diverging from the traditional financial theory. The birth and development of this new type of investments has triggered the scientific community’s enthusiasm with more and more academic publications being written on the matter. Research has mostly tackled SRIs related to the main western marketplaces withdiverging results. The objective of this thesis is to deepen the analysis of the financial behavior of these funds and socially responsible indicators from three emerging markets – South-Africa, Brazil and India – while taking into consideration the risks specific to thesemarketplaces and funds, and to appreciate their interest in terms of internationaldiversification of portfolios.This thesis is divided into four independent sections which follow a certain logic in writing and composition in order to answer our questions in the best way possible. The two first sections will introduce the subject and domain of this research. They will mostly deal with the theoretical aspect in order to conceptualize the research’s subject and put it into context. The two following sections will focus on empirical analysis. SRIs will be analyzed as pure financial performances, but also as vectors of diversification for portfolios which is, to our knowledge, relatively absent from academic publications. Moreover, two scales were used for space and time, dividing the research according to the different phases of the 2008financial crisis and by analyzing performances following local and international dimensions. On the theoretical aspect, this study brings new elements concerning the comprehension of SRIs in a cross-cultural context, by questioning ethical perception, resulting financial strategies, and their economic impact. The empirical results have shown the financial interest for SRIs in these three markets in terms of performance and diversification of portfolios, from both a domestic and an international point of view
Na teoria financeira clássica, os mercados são supostamente eficientes e osinvestidores supostamente racionais. Esses últimos selecionam suas carteiras de açõesbaseando-se em parâmetros financeiros definidos em função do seu sentimento de aversão aorisco. Com o desenvolvimento do Investimento Socialmente Responsável (ISR), meados dosanos 90, abriu-se um vasto campo de pesquisa em seleção de carteiras de ações. De fato, osinvestidores integram dados extra-financeiros na elaboração de suas estratégias de gestão dascarteiras de ações, rompendo, assim, com a teoria financeira clássica. O desenvolvimento desse novo tipo de investimento entusiasmou a comunidadecientífica e multiplicaram-se as publicações acadêmicas. As pesquisas concentraram-se nasperformances dos ISR nos grandes mercados financeiros ocidentais, obtendo-se entretantoresultados divergentes. O objetivo dessa tese é aprofundar a análise do comportamentofinanceiro dos fundos e índices SR nos mercados emergentes – África do Sul, Brasil e Índia –levando em conta seus riscos específicos e apreciar o seu interesse no que concerne adiversificação internacional das carteiras de ações.Nossa tese compõe-se de quatro capítulos independentes seguindo uma lógica deredação e composição afim de responder da melhor forma possível as questões da pesquisa.Os dois primeiros capítulos introduzem o objeto do campo de pesquisa. Eles apresentam uminteresse essencialmente teórico para conceituar o objeto da pesquisa e contextualizar o seucampo de aplicação. Os dois últimos capítulos são consagrados as análises empíricas. Os ISR sãoanalisados como objetos de performances financeiras puras e também como vetores dediversificação das carteiras de ações, o que, a nosso conhecimento, ainda é relativamenteausente das publicações acadêmicas. Por outro lado, duas escalas de tempo e espaço foramcruzadas dividindo a pesquisa segundo as diferentes fases da crise financeira de 2008 eanalisando as performances a nível local e internacional.No campo teórico esse estudo traz novos elementos para a compreensão dos ISRdentro de uma visão intercultural, questionando a percepção da ética, as estratégiasfinanceiras resultantes e seus impactos econômicos. Os resultados das análises empíricasdemonstraram o interesse financeiro dos ISR nos três mercados em termos de performances ede diversificação tanto no nível nacional que internacional
Repussard, Clément. "Le service public de l'eau potable en milieu rural au Sénégal : l’exemple de la Communauté rurale de Moudéry." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10070/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research aims to analyse the service of drinking water in rural Senegal, from the example of four villages in the rural community of Moudéry. This research was conducted alongside with an operational work in a development program conducted by the French NGO GRET.The issue of the daily service is situated in the long history. The conditions of production and operation of the service are made in relation to the process of state building and changes in village societies, but also to the succession of international programs of access to drinking water.The first section establishes the inventory of social science research on the public water in West Africa. The second chapter describes the history of the Senegalese public policy of water in rural areas since the beginning of the twentieth century. The third chapter then analyzes the diversity of coexisting water services at local level. Then in the fourth chapter, the fragmentation patterns of service delivery of public water is described. The fifth chapter describes this fragmentation at the village level, from four village case studies, which trace the evolution of drinking water systems since the 1980s and the enbodiement of management service in the village social structures . The final chapter focuses on the articulation of different social spaces and water policies. The different scales of citizenship defining rights and duties brought into play by the water service are proved complementary, although the canonical definition of public service does not match what is observed in the field. The role of government in particular are more similar to a brokerage in institutionalized mechanisms for allocation of development projects than the regulation of the service or project management of technical infrastructure
Yemene, Tchouata Emerand. "La régulation de l'activité bancaire : contribution à l'étude de la stabilité du système bancaire dans les régions de la CEMAC, de l'UEMOA et de l'UE." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020023.
Повний текст джерелаBanking regulation should be seen as the act of monitoring and controling banking, by subjecting the compliance with various standards to control risks to preserve the security of depositors , the stability of the financial system and major economic balances. To achieve this, the banking regulation is based mainly on regulation and supervision. Domestic banking systems have become increasingly interdependent, it is necessary to deal with threats in the same way , in a coordinated manner at the international level or at least at the regional level . Thus CEMAC and UEMOA have adopted in the aftermath of the 1990 crisis a control device marked by a plethora of regulations and community oversight bodies . Since the debt crisis in Europe, the regulation of banking has evolved in this region with the creation of the banking union . That said, the supervision of banks has been entrusted to the European Central Bank within the EU although it remains shared with the national authorities.In the course of this work, our task will be to compare the existing control devices in the CEMAC region , UEMOA , EU . We shall review and find how the regions of Central Africa, West Africa and Europe organize banking regulation in order to preserve the stability of their banks. To achieve this goal, a comparison of the various bodies responsible for the regulation and the main regulatory rules that exist in these regions are deemed necessary
Ouedraogo, Djibrihina. "L’autonomisation des juridictions financières dans l’espace UEMOA : étude sur l’évolution des Cours des comptes." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40035/document.
Повний текст джерелаAfter the access in their independence, the French-speaking African states have taken the device of control of public finances inspired by the French organic ordinance of January 2, 1959. But, The system implemented has not produced the expected results. In fact, most institutions of control have been ineffective or inefficient.The Chambers of Auditors of Supreme Courts, which had to fulfill the functions of the French Court of Auditors, have had a theoretical and textual existence.To boost financial jurisdiction, the WAEMU treaty signed in 1994 obliges the Members States to the creation of an independent Court of Auditors instead of the Chambers of Auditors of the Supreme Courts. This organic empowerment of the judicial institution of control would allow him to get a status and adequate resources to fulfill its mission of judicial control of public finances. A decade after creation of the first Courts of Auditors, the aim of this study is to get an overview of the reform
Houenou, Seminakpon Arnaud. "Les nouveaux accords de défense franco-africains et la politique de sécurité de la France." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30060.
Повний текст джерелаEstablished in the 1960s with the independence of territories of the former French empire, the defense cooperation allowed the old French, colonial power to continue to maintain its influence in Africa, while at the same time establishing autonomous national African armies. Unfortunately some of the political and military choices made by France and the instrumentalization risks of a strictly bilateral involvement, have revealed the archaism of French – African relations, and have generated a crisis in cooperation. Having become inadequate due to changes in the international political arena that occurred in the 1990s characterized by the end of bipolarity, the French defense cooperation African has suffered from international competition from the commitment of African States to the effective exercise of their sovereignty as well as their full involvement in globalization and in new areas of solidarity and international cooperation, and from terrorist threats.In subscribing to the realist security approach, and considering the political-sociological constructivist theory of national interest defended by Alexander Wendt on the one hand, and on the other hand the regional security complex concept by Barry Buzan, this study proposes to show how France has put in place a new security policy based on new defense agreements in Africa, the continent closest to Europe in a context of proven strategic breakdown and security threats. Defined in a global regional context, this study demonstrates the strategy of France for security in Africa in a partnership that should be both transparent and efficient
N'Dah, Hartmann. "La structuration de l'essor du marché financier de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : enjeu d'une mutation." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G003.
Повний текст джерелаThe last two decades have seen a dramatic rise in stock markets in developing countries. This increase in marketactivity promoted, according to some authors, the improved economic performance of some so-called emergingcountries. However, African countries are still struggling to enjoy the benefits of market activity, given thenarrow, low liquidity and inefficiency of their stock markets. The stock markets of these countries clearlylagging behind compared to developing countries on other continents. This thesis examines the factors thatexplain the level of development of stock markets in developing countries in general and African countries inparticular from a sample of 106 countries. The empirical analysis is based around the statistical and econometrictests. The results show that social capital measured by the confidence greatly influences the development ofstock markets in developing countries. This confidence, since it is very low in Africa, explains the delay ofAfrican stock markets compared to markets in developing countries of other continents. Moreover, the lowconfidence in Africa is due to the heterogeneity of populations which are characterized by high ethnic, linguisticand religious fragmentation. The results also show that the development of new technologies of information andcommunication positively influences the development of stock markets by reducing transaction costs. Finally,the development of African stock markets is also compromised by their early opening to the world. Indeed,financial openness negatively affects market activity in these countries. To encourage the growth of Africanstock exchanges, it is necessary to take a number of measures. This is to improve the institutional environmentin order to better protect the owners of capital, this will reduce the effect of low confidence; to implement apolicy that promotes the socio-cultural mixing between populations; to work to increase the number of listedcompanies on the stock market through the opening to the private, the capital of state owned companies throughthe stock market and incentives vis- à-vis the private sector , and to promote development of New Technologiesof Information and Communication
Fare, Yohann. "Origine et transformation d'un système agraire au Sénégal - La zone des Niayes -." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0009/document.
Повний текст джерелаA study on the agrarian system of the Niayes region, situated in the northern coastal area of Senegal, between Dakar and Saint Louis was accomplished, implementing historical surveys coupled with a hundred ones related to agricultural exploitations. About eighty surveys were used to help establish economic results. Main phases within the region’s agrarian system were distinguished.1. During the precolonial period, an economy of gathering (wine and palm oil) and a shifting agriculture with as basis millet and peanut in the South; transhumant stockbreeding system in the North;2. During colonization, market gardening became a source of income for Niayes farmers who, seen the area conditions, could not take advantage of the peanut boom of their Dieri neighbor. This development was also a response to cities’ increasing needs in fruits and vegetables.3. During the great drought (1970’s and 1980’s), the market gardening areas extension and the culture system’s intensification caused by migrants’ influx and thanks to the creation of a fruit-part-type contract, the mbeye seddo which allows sharing added value between the employer and the seasonal worker, the sourgha.4. For 20 years, the development of motorized culture systems, with an increasing differences of incomes between manual and motorized exploitations in one hand and the employers’ and family exploitations on the other hand.Within one contemporary agrarian system, we distinguished three main farming categories (family business, employers’ and capitalist ones). Within these groups, farms use manual, semi-motorized or motorized cultivating systems. The survival threshold (meaning the minimal level of necessary resources) was estimated for an average family at CFA 149’000 per working person and per year (227 euros).The first farm category is a food-producing system on short fallows with palm groves. With manual cultivating systems, it is possible for a working person to develop 800 to 1’200 m2 of vegetable basin (Niaye) depending on species to cultivate, with at best 2 campaigns per year. The income varies from 500 to 1’500 euros/working person/year. With combined systems (motorized drainage and manual water distribution), it increases to 2’500m2/year with also 2 campaigns per year and an income of 500 to 2’600 euros/working person/year. Complete motorization (motorized drainage and spraying water distribution, using hose) allows 2 to 4 campaigns per year on 3’000 to 3’500 m2/working person. Incomes vary between 2’000 to 10’000 euros/working person/year.Manual family farms or employers’ exploitations which hire few sourgha most face difficulties with an income barely situated beyond survival threshold (average of 260 to 300 euros/working person/year, sometimes 100 euros) on less than 2’000 m2/family working person. While appealing to sourghas a great deal, manual exploitations earn between 1’000 and 1’800 euros/working person/year on 4’000 m2 to 1 ha/family working person. Motorized exploitations (combined and integral) can use between 1’000m2 (combined) and 1ha/family working person (integral), with incomes varying from 1’500 euros/working person/year (family system with motorized drainage and manual water distribution) to 3’500 euros/working person/year (intensive and motorized capitalist system with 4 campaigns/year).If motorization seems tempting to improve incomes, though not deemed sustainable for the area (ground water overexploitation, various pollutions, and dependence to fossil energy), “race for motorization” brings about important income differences within manual exploitations and current social relationships, and added value sharing deserves review
Levrel, Harold. "Biodiversité et développement durable : quels indicateurs." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128430.
Повний текст джерелаCette thèse cherche à évaluer la pertinence des indicateurs d'interactions existants ainsi que des méthodes de construction innovantes qui se fixent pour objectif de développer des outils de co-gestion adaptative de la biodiversité
Dakouo, Alain Bessiba. "La problématique de l'information territoriale et ses enjeux majeurs dans les pays du Sud : stratégie, méthodologie et projet pilote dans un pays en développement, le Mali." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC007/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn Africa, decentralization takes place in contexts that vary from country to country: the need to reform the Government following a crisis, the desire to establish local democracy to compensate for central or even dictatorial power, sometimes even the Government 's inability to provide basic socio-economic services such as health, education, drinking water, etc.In West Africa, decentralization was often accompanied by a redrawing of territories in the 1990s. Most West African countries have created three levels of local authorities: the Region, the Department (Cercle in Mali) and the Commune. This leads to a need for territory management and planning on several scales (inventory, monitoring of the environmental impact of development, sanitation, natural resource management, rural economic development, health, education, hydraulics and risk management). In the context of a growing need for information, development partners recognize the usefulness of the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool for decision making. The creation of different ministries in connection with geographic information in Mali requires pooling of skills centered on geomatics. Indeed, while each Institution and sectoral ministry has its own thematic data, their valuation is hampered by a high dispersion and disparity of geographical and cartographic data.How to share a common geospatial and territorial system across a town hall, a local authority, an NGO, the Government as well as other partners working on the same territorial? What territorial information strategy for a country like Mali?The aim of this thesis is to create, according to the concepts, methods, and technologies of current geography and statistics, a tool to support decision making in a context of overlapping responsibilities/actions and decentralization, designed to take a decisive step forward for the benefit of local territorial planning, by making coherent and available the geolocalized data necessary for an effective spatial planning policy. This strategic perspective implies going back to the distribution of powers, the ratio between free and paid software, participative information (societal, social, ethnic aspects, etc.) and the development of geographical information in Mali.An information strategy is in fact an essential prerequisite for any planning and development strategy. This thesis is an innovative project that will aim to provide answers on the implementation of such a strategy of multi-source and multi-stakeholder spatial information management in a developing country
Bessay, Stéphane. "Les enjeux du financement agricole en Afrique de l'Ouest." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2551/1/M11147.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVillemure, Normand. "Spatialisation des facteurs de l'érosion en nappe pour une gestion durable des sols en Afrique de l'Ouest à l'aide des SIG et du modèle RUSLE2." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3517/1/M9288.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCoderre-Proulx, Mylène. "Incidence des politiques migratoires de l'Union européenne sur la gestion migratoire en Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas de la politique étrangère espagnole au Sénégal." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5796/1/M13094.pdf.
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