Дисертації з теми "Gestion décentralisée"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Gestion décentralisée".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Zair, Tarik. "La gestion décentralisée du développement économique au Maroc." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10001.
Повний текст джерелаAttempt to shapeg a minimal State, the territorial decentralization is considered nowadays as on inevitable way to reach the local development. In Morocco, the option in favour of the local authorities, as economic agents, is the result of an “utilitarian necessity” which imposed itself on the central power. The State aims at hiding its inability to get the country out of its economic crises and to make responsible the decentralized power responsible for possible failures. Decentralized management of the economic development disclose a large amount of legal constraints that the reforms of 2002 were not able to overcome. Decentralized institutional and territorial frameworks turn out to be ill-adapted. The distribution of the economic skills was done at the expense on the local autonomies. The specific character of the economic skill favours the normative constraints which impose themselves on the decentralized powers. The growing politicization of the local development has probably weakened it. The difference of interest involved was done at the expense of the clarity which is necessary to the economic success. Thus, the development has taking a redistributive dimension and has not created wealth. The application of decentralized politic of development, in spite of its variety, resulted in visible shortcomings. The planning of the local development and its management show the difficulties to connect the two. The effectiveness of a decentralized politic of development is dependent on the improvement of the ressources devoted to the local development and on the overcoming of methodological gaps
Rahim-Amoud, Rana. "Gestion autonome et décentralisée des réseaux MPLS-DiffServ TE." Troyes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TROY0001.
Повний текст джерелаThe size of the networks is increasingly important and their configuration and their piloting is becoming complex. So the network community is, more and more, conscious of the need for allowing the networks to be self-configured and self-controlled in an autonomous way. This need led us to propose an adaptive architecture based on a Multi-Agent System (MAS) to ensure an autonomous and decentralized management of MPLS DiffServ-TE network. MPLS DiffServ-TE combines the advantages of DiffServ and MPLS-TE by allowing a differentiation of services and traffic forwarding on the basis of the required resources. However, the management of such a network is not a simple function and could not be done manually. So, we defined the characteristics which we think necessary to create an autonomous network and we showed that all these characteristics are provided by the MAS. We also proposed an LSP management strategy, based on a traffic-driven approach and dependant on the traffic load. The goal of this strategy is to reduce the number of LSPs and the number of signaling operations in the network. To define this strategy, we studied the choice of the suitable approach to design an MPLS network, the factors which influence the MAS decisions, the cases of exchanges between the various agents as well as the treatments to be realized at the reception of each type of request. In our proposal, we distinguished two different cases, the first one allocates a fixed percentage of all the physical link capacity for each class of service of DiffServ, while the second one allocates a dynamic percentage managed by the MAS. The tests carried out showed the effectiveness of our strategy which reduces the number of LSPs and the number of signaling operations as well as the blocking rate in the network
Gilliard, Hervé. "La gestion de la qualité des hydrosystèmes : la concertation décentralisée." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0482.
Повний текст джерелаCaire, Raphaël. "Gestion de la production décentralisée dans les réseaux de distribution." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0084.
Повний текст джерелаDeregulations of the energy market, followed by many privatizations, and vertical disintegrations brought a complete reorganization of the electric sector. The opening of the energy markets as well as the technological developments of the means of production of small and average power strongly encourage this evolution. A systematic methodology to study the transmission of impacts between the Low and Medium Voltage is initially proposed, after a quick state of the art of the various possible impacts. The voltage deviattion is then identified as the most critical impact. This criticality is supported by quantitative studies on French typical networks, and is confirmed by the related literature. In order to solve this impact, a research of the means of action within tension of the distribution network and their modeling is carried out. As the manipulated variables of the means of adjustment available are discrete or continuous, specific tools are then developed to coordinate them. This coordination is pressed on optimization algorithms developed by holding account of inherent specificity with the manipulated variables. A methodology for the choice or optimal location of the adjustment means associated with a management of the voltage deviation is presented. Lastly, "decentralized" strategies of coordination for the means of adjustment and a proposal for a experimental validation are presented, thanks to a real time simulator, making it possible to test the strategies of coordination and the necessary means of communication
Awah, Abdellahi. "Approche organisationnelle de l'émergence d'une gestion stratégique décentralisée des universités." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0021.
Повний текст джерелаThe centralised administration crisis of university provides the state to change high education policy. The contractual policy takes part in modernization programm of french administration, launched in 1989 ; it follows the objective of extending the management autonomy of universities. Introducing the notion of establishment project, it invites universities to present strategic planning of developpement concretly translated by aims and programs of action. In these conditions, one may ask areself if adaptability of management tools can suit universities. The reason is that they are specific on a level structure and decision process at the same time. Therefore, the main question of our reasarch is to study the possibility of strategic management specific to universities. Begenning by an organizational approach based on mintzberg theory, we conclude that each university's strategy has to take into account the structural fragmentation, the academic autonomy and the complexity of decision process. Its mission is to introduce a minimum coherence in different sectorial strategies of actors
Zhang, He. "Gestion décentralisée de réseaux continus à forte disponibilité en aéronautique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10032/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe electrification trend is for all modes of transportation, particularly in the next generation of commercial aircrafts. This trend began with the Airbus A380 and Boeing 787 and it will continue. The replacement of mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic power transfers by an electrical one is one of the most important innovations of the More Electric Aircraft in the aspect of ecologic and economic (weight reduction, energy efficiency increasing, maintenance costs reduction, etc..). The development of a local power exchange network, like a DC one, should facilitate this process. Some local electricity production, bi-directional loads and energy storage and dissipation system, are then interconnected by a DC bus, via some appropriate protections. Several power management strategies are proposed. Depending on the objectives, constraints and means of action envisaged, some tools have been implemented. In the case of a multiple objectives strategy, fuzzy logic appears to be a well suited tool . Moreover, being based on rules, this tool allows to develop naturally a power management strategy in considering several constraints. Two indicators to evaluate performance of these supervision strategies have been proposed (energy efficiency and voltage variation). These indicators help to choose a strategy of supervision, and provide criteria for sizing the storage and dissipation system. These supervision strategies were tested experimentally. The stability of the local DC network was analyzed in small signal. It is shown that the hybrid system with the associated energy management strategy can help to increase the stability margin of this type of network. The currently power connection being implemented in on-board systems is not reversible in power. To make it reversible necessitates a complete redesign of the protections. The problem of short-circuit protection and fault isolation has been investigated. A method to select the branch in insulation failure is proposed. It is tested using the Saber simulation tool that takes into account the characteristics of real components. The work in this thesis can be generalized and to be applied in other fields such as electric or hybrid vehicles, rail systems …etc
Alsalloum, Hala. "Gestion décentralisée des interactions complexes entre producteurs et consommateurs d'énergie électrique." Thesis, Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0008.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the proposal of a decentralized approach for managing energy demand in the context of smart grids. The main objective is to promote energy savings and the use of clean energy resources, while encouraging users to actively participate in demand management. In this regard, controlling energy consumption becomes a priority. It applies at several levels from the neighborhood to the city. The work presented in this thesis falls within this framework. We first present a modeling of the various behaviors of the agents present within the energy market, based on game theory while taking into account several constraints such as the heterogeneity of producers and consumers present, and the spatial and temporal constraints. Then, we try to meet their needs by: (1) optimizing the demand for energy (from consumers’ side who themselves become energy producers through the integration of renewable energies) and (2) its price (from producers’ side). Finally, we propose distributed algorithms shared between players to achieve a stable state of the game. Comparisons with conventional scenarios known in this field have shown the effectiveness of our contributions
Dan-Dah, Mahaman Laouali. "La gestion décentralisée des ressources naturelles au Niger : un concept juridique en question ?" Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2010.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis specifies the form and the legal contents of the local management of natural resources in Niger through: At first, the analysis of the different forms of users organisations. It figure out that these organisation are different of the traditional modes of access to natural resources in which case, the different activities of natural resources management are complementary. In the same space many prerogatives cohabit and force the different groups of natural resources users to hear each other for a durable exploitation. Now, mostly of users organisations are specialised, each organisation is in charge of the management of one natural resource. Some of these organisations who are not specialised don’t have legal reference, so they are not durable. The influence of land tenure issues, the concurrence of traditional authorities and the high dependence towards development project restrict the competence and the autonomy of user’s organisations. The movement in favour of local management of natural resources is ambiguous. The local administrations have some competencies in natural resources management, but the state is the owner of all these resources. Besides, their competencies are either vindicates by traditional authorities, or uncertainty because of the disparity of the legal and institutional frame. The rule uncertainty promotes the state’s intervention. It is also promoted by many co-ordination institutions and regional conventions which gave to the state many opportunities of going round the local administrations competencies. At last, the privatisation of water and wild fauna sets up a system of exclusive rights which is incompatible with a local management
Dong, Alyssia. "Algorithmes asynchrones pour la gestion décentralisée des réseaux électriques soumis aux aléas de communication." Thesis, Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENSR0035.
Повний текст джерелаSmart grids are based on the interaction of an electrical network and a communication network between distributed, "intelligent" and communicating agents. In the case of a traditional electrical network, unforeseen events (loss of an equipment, line congestion, etc.) are mainly absorbed and compensated by the inertia of the network and its operating reserve. Smart grids aim to reduce this dependency by using intelligent distributed management strategies using information exchange and therefore based on a communication network. The impact of the communication network's reliability is a critical issue that we must address. This project aims at analyzing the impact of communication hazards on the resilience of a smart grid and at developing strategies that take these hazards into account in order to guarantee the operability and efficiency of the smart grid. In particular, we investigate three types of algorithms: a peer-to-peer market algorithm, an Optimal Power Flow algorithm that takes into account the physical constraints of the power grid, and finally an endogenous peer-to-peer market algorithm. We have studied in depth the principles of asynchronous algorithms, which help to minimize the waiting time at each iteration, as well as the effects of communication network hazards on the asynchronous resolution of these algorithms
Makhloufi, Rafik. "Vers une gestion adaptative des réseaux complexes : cas de la surveillance décentralisée de données agrégées." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0006.
Повний текст джерелаAutonomous management infrastructures based on self-* functions currently offer a first degree of autonomy, but they are often based on non-adaptive approaches. Conversely, their target networks are dynamics in terms of, for example, size, mobility, services and usages. Thus, adapting self-management infrastructures to the supporting network operational behavior is essential in order to ensure their performance and minimize their cost. The work carried out in this thesis aims at de-signing an autonomous management infra-structure able to adapt itself to the operational context of the managed network. The management function we are interested in is the decentralized monitoring of aggregated information, which can be based on gossip, aggregation trees or situated view protocols. To achieve these objectives, we propose a de-centralized self-adaptive management frame-work, based on fuzzy inference and multiple criteria decision making. For this purpose, we surveyed the existing decentralized aggregation protocols, and then we benchmarked one typical protocol from each category. Based on the obtained results, the proposed approach continuously analyzes the network state in order to retrieve the properties of the current context, and then selects the best aggregation strategy to use accordingly. Thus, the selected strategy is the one that maximizes the performance of the aggregation and minimizes its cost. The multiple criteria validation of the pro-posed approach through simulation shows that this one provides a good performance with an acceptable cost
Pham, Thi Thu Hà. "Influences de la production décentralisée sur la gestion des infrastructures critiques des réseaux de puissance." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0123.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is, based on the analyses of the dispersed generation (DG) impacts in the electrical networks (transmission and distribution), to propose a new methodology of management of the critical situations in the power system with large scale of decentralized production penetration. This new methodology based on the intentional islanding concept at multiple levels of voltage using the DG. The developed idea was to integrate the new DG's exploitation modes in the action plans of electrical power system in the great disturbance case or total black-out by using different multi-level and multi-objective optimization techniques with constraints. This method is named Deep Build Together for considering the rebuilding simultaneous in upstream and downstream processes by transmission and distribution networks. Thereby, in case of major failure, many customers (in particular the priority customers) would be restored earlier and the system restoration duration would be reduced. Numerous technical aspects had been analyzed to justify the feasibility of this methodology. A parametrical comparison, in function of DG penetration rate, between the proposed strategy Deep Build Together and the one which is actually used, allowed the first validation of this new strategy of management of the critical situations
Matta, Natalie. "Vers une gestion décentralisée des données des réseaux de capteurs dans le contexte des smart grids." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0010/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the decentralized management of data collected by wireless sensor networks which are deployed in a smart grid, i.e. the evolved new generation electricity network. It proposes a decentralized architecture based on multi-agent systems for both data and energy management in the smart grid. In particular, our works deal with data management of sensor networks which are deployed in the distribution electric subsystem of a smart grid. They aim at answering two key challenges: (1) detection and identification of failure and disturbances requiring swift reporting and appropriate reactions; (2) efficient management of the growing volume of data caused by the proliferation of sensors and other sensing entities such as smart meters. The management of this data can call upon several methods, including the aggregation of data packets on which we focus in this thesis. To this end, we propose to aggregate (PriBaCC) and/or to correlate (CoDA) the contents of these data packets in a decentralized manner. Data processing will thus be done faster, consequently leading to rapid and efficient decision-making concerning energy management. The validation of our contributions by means of simulation has shown that they meet the identified challenges. It has also put forward their enhancements with respect to other existing approaches, particularly in terms of reducing data volume as well as transmission delay of high priority data
Ayari, Mouna. "Architecture de gestion décentralisée de la qualité de service par politiques dans les réseaux Ad Hoc." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066006.
Повний текст джерелаVergnol, Arnaud. "Intégration dans le réseau électrique et le marché de l'électricité de production décentralisée d'origine renouvelable : gestion des congestions locales." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586084.
Повний текст джерелаVergnol, Arnaud. "Intégration dans le réseau électrique et le marché de l’électricité de production décentralisée d’origine renouvelable : gestion des congestions locales." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECLI0014/document.
Повний текст джерелаDevelopment of wind generation is a mean towards global warming reduction. However, in some parts of the electrical grid, the massive integration of renewable generation can lead to congestion problems. These congestions are related to the impossibility for the power grid to transport the generation. Nowadays, congestion management methods are based on day(s)-ahead computation of generation restriction which leads to important production losses for renewables. Based on this context, it’s therefore important to develop a methodology which is optimal, reliable and non-discriminatory for renewable.In this work, the proposed congestion management method is based on corrective actions. These actions are computed in real-time using regulation loops and Petri net-based algorithms. A stability study proved that gain margins are sufficient to assure the stability of the corrective actions. The algorithm allows an optimal selection of the generators than will participate in the congestion management. This selection is based on their cost and efficiency for congestion alleviation. Simulation results using the software EUROSTAG have shown the efficiency of the method and its adaptability to different generator types. Furthermore, general conclusions on congestions costs according to different regulations on the renewable generation were obtained
Boucher, Alain. "Une approche décentralisée et adaptative de la gestion d'informations en vision ; application à l'interprétation d'images de cellules en mouvement." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004805.
Повний текст джерелаBaouab, Aymen. "Gouvernance et supervision décentralisée des chorégraphies inter-organisationnelles." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843420.
Повний текст джерелаTissot, Alexandre. "Vers un système de management des connaissances : étude et caractérisation dans le cadre d'une entreprise à structure décentralisée." Phd thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP0974.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, trying to differentiate from competitors, companies have to create new values, generated by their own capacity to manage knowledge. Companies are able to organize their knowledge flow using complex Knowledge Management Systems. The delivered research aims at caracterizing this kind of system using systemic approach. Our demarch was based on the construction of a knowledge management system "analysing table" created on :An ontological definition, founded on three elements (organization, community and information system) A funtionnal one, based on the five faces described by Michel Grundstein (identify, preserve, actualize, valorize and manage); And finally, a genetic one, supported by knowledge management system success factors, developped by Agnès Lancini. This analysing table was deployed in Vallourec Group, world seamless steel tubes leader, and two knowledge management systems were implemented and observed
Trousseau, Céline. "Adaptation de la stratégie de fonctionnement des systèmes hybrides au dimensionnement évolutif en situation de production décentralisée d'électricité." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1234.
Повний текст джерелаThe issue of design of stand-alone systems for the generation of electricity with renewable energies is composed of two parts, the sizing of the different components, and the choice of the energy management in hybrid systems, which include a controllable energy source. If the two questions have been thus treated separately for many systems of varied sizes, on the other hand the choice of the strategy of management of the most efficient energy management according to the sizing remains an unaddressed topic. This is exactly the topic of this thesis. Applied to the interconnected decentralised production, the goal is to know if the system control strategy should be reconsidered following a power change of the components. Detailed modelling also made it possible to contribute to the discussion regarding the choice between connection by dc current or ac current, by comparisons of performances of the systems
Toure, El Hadj. "Décentralisation et gouvernance locale: les effets sociopolitiques de la gestion foncière décentralisée dans la communauté rurale de Ross Béthio (Delta du fleuve Sénégal)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26728/26728.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSaint-Sauveur, Armelle de. "Gestion des espaces et des ressources naturelles par une société pastorale, les Bara du sud-ouest malgache : implications pour une politique environnementale décentralisée." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30037.
Повний текст джерелаA number of african countries are engaged in decentralized environmental policies, aimed at endowing local communities with the management of renewable natural resources. In madagascar, as in other countries, pastoral areas are an important part of the national territory. In these regions, can environmental management be based on local pastoral pratices ? studying the case of the bara herders in south-ouest madagascar, we can examin this question, that raises others, around which is organized the thesis. What are the relations between the bara society and the environment ? the objective of this first section is to identify pratices and cultural values that can have an impact on natural resources management. What dynamics are on going in the bara country and what are their consequences on environment management ? agricultural development and cattle stealing are central in the dynamics. By analysing their impact on the production system and on the society, we can identify the powers around which resource management can be reorganized and we can determin if pastoralism is the best choice for developping the region. Around what elements can a local management of the environment be built ? bush fire management, land tenure and rights ruling cattle stealing are the three axis around which an environmental policy can be organized in madagascar's pastoral areas. The link between the notion of territory and the watching of the land, to control illicit movements of cattle, appears as a central element of the land tenure problematic in bara country and can offer an original approach for other pastoral areas in africa
Touré, El Hadj. "Décentralisation et gouvernance locale : les effets sociopolitique de la gestion foncière décentralisée dans la communauté rurale de Ross Béthio (Delta du fleuve Sénégal)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21256.
Повний текст джерелаRezig, Wafa. "Problèmes de multiflots : état de l'art et approche par décomposition décentralisée du biflot entier de coût minimum." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346082.
Повний текст джерелаPerini, Eliana Conceição. "La citoyenneté locale comme produit d'une démocratie participative : institutionnalisation et démocratisation de la gestion décentralisée de l'administration locale (le statut de la ville au Brésil)." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100073.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of local citizenship requires a deep reflection on the future of democracy, which, notwithstanding the subtlety of its legal-theoretical-nature, must consider conceptual clarification. In view of democratic experience, by now reaching as far back as several centuries, due to concepts providing a theoretical meaning coherent with the generic notion of “power of the people”, local citizenship becomes a concept based on the practice of local, participative democracy – the experience of a participative budget in Porto Alegre is the basis of Town Statute, Law No. 10257/2001 in Brazil, where the participation budget has become federal law. In analysing the performance of this law on the field, participative democracy in progress has been observed for many years. This phenomenon has in the long term generated a different citizenship from the traditional one: here we are referring to the concept of local citizenship
Barq, Evelyne. "Les organisations non gouvernementales et la coopération décentralisée dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal : Sénégal et Mauritanie." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUEL015.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis addresses the role played by NGOs and by the decentralized cooperation in the Senegal River Valley, taking into account the banks of Senegal and Mauritania. In the first part, we focus on the evolution of public international cooperation, from "aid to development" to "fight against poverty". The NGOs' and decentralized cooperation "nongovernmental" identity is relativized due to their financial dependence. The second part presents the problems of development in the Senegal River Valley. The implementation of the program of the Organization for the Development of the Senegal River (OMVS) disrupts hydrology and the environment in our study aera. Many constraints threaten the profitability of irrigated agriculture and most Valley residents remain condemned to multiple jobs and to precarity. Migrant's potential to provide assistance to their families and to fund community projects in village is reduced. Specific responses of non-governmental actors are the subject of the third party. It appears that they do not express diffrent development strategies, but are part of the models prescribed by public cooperation. Non-governmental actors have, however, some latitude to direct their support to the most vulnerable people
Costa, Luis. "Gestion de cellules des systèmes électriques intégrant des sources de production stochastiques." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409587.
Повний текст джерелаVan, Frank Gaëlle. "Gestion participative de la diversité cultivée et création de mélanges diversifiés de blé tendre à la ferme." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS525/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe transition from a diversified agriculture to a productivist system has led to a decline in cultivated diversity and raises many environmental, societal and health issues. Alternatives such as agro-ecology have emerged, based in particular on the enhancement of agro-biodiversity and genetic diversity within agro-ecosystems. Considering that there are no varieties adapted to their needs in the catalogue, farmers and facilitators from the Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) have been conducting a participatory breeding project (PPB) for bread wheat since 2006, in collaboration with the DEAP (Diversity, Evolution and Adaptation of Populations) team at UMR GQE Le Moulon. These farmers are mobilizing diversity to select populations adapted to their practices, terroir and outlets, with the aim of regaining their seed autonomy and a coherence of their system. My thesis focuses on the study of the impacts of collective management and peasant selection practices on wheat crop diversity and population adaptation. It aims to propose possible adaptation of existing PPB practices and to support the implementation of new projects. The impacts of on-farm creation and selection practices of population mixtures on their agronomic and morphological behaviour were evaluated through an experiment in collaboration with about fifteen farmers and facilitators from the RSP. In a second part we studied the impacts of natural selection and peasant selection on the evolution of populations, their stability and adaptation to environments during the wheat PPB project. Then a prospective study on the impacts of the adoption of heterogeneous varieties on cultivated diversity at the landscape level was conducted, by assessing the diversity of populations from PPB, simulating adoption of heterogeneous varieties scenarii and using cultivated diversity indicators. Finally, the impacts of the on-farm experimental design parameters on the adjustment and accuracy of estimates from Bayesian models were assessed, to improve our ability to detect significant differences between populations and to provide recommendations for other decentralized variety evaluation projects using the designs and models developed in the French wheat PPB project
Tliche, Youssef. "Performance d’une chaîne d’approvisionnement décentralisée : Une approche de prévision collaborative par inférence Downstream Demand Inference in decentralized supply chains An Improved Forecasting Approach to Reduce Inventory Levels in Decentralized Supply Chains." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMLH06.
Повний текст джерелаSupply chain structures are becoming increasingly complex, particularly as a result of globalization and decentralization. Several inhibitors accentuate the decentralized nature and prevent the improvement of the performance of decentralized channels. This thesis work is interested in a collaborative forecasting approach which aims to improve the performance of decentralized channels. This approach addresses the non-sharing of demand information in a serial supply chain and shows that an inference of this demand is possible under certain conditions. This inference brings the performance of a decentralized chain closer to that of a centralized chain. A relaxation of the hypothesis of non-sharing of information further increases the operational performance of the decentralized system. This research enriches the notion of supply chain performance by demonstrating that the operational performance of decentralized chains can be considerably increased thanks to a source of collaborative forecasting improvement
Lequay, Victor. "Une approche ascendante pour la gestion énergétique d'une Smart-Grid : modèle adaptatif et réactif fondé sur une architecture décentralisée pour un système générique centré sur l'utilisateur permettant un déploiement à grande échelle." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1304.
Повний текст джерелаThe field of Energy Management Systems for Smart Grids has been extensively explored in recent years, with many different approaches being described in the literature. In collaboration with our industrial partner Ubiant, which deploys smart homes solutions, we identified a need for a highly robust and scalable system that would exploit the flexibility of residential consumption to optimize energy use in the smart grid. At the same time we observed that the majority of existing works focused on the management of production and storage only, and that none of the proposed architectures are fully decentralized. Our objective was then to design a dynamic and adaptive mechanism to leverage every existing flexibility while ensuring the user's comfort and a fair distribution of the load balancing effort ; but also to offer a modular and open platform with which a large variety of devices, constraints and even algorithms could be interfaced. In this thesis we realised (1) an evaluation of state of the art techniques in real-time individual load forecasting, whose results led us to follow (2) a bottom-up and decentralized approach to distributed residential load shedding system relying on a dynamic compensation mechanism to provide a stable curtailment. On this basis, we then built (3) a generic user-centered platform for energy management in smart grids allowing the easy integration of multiple devices, the quick adaptation to changing environment and constraints, and an efficient deployment
Fouchet, Charline. "La coordination des parties prenantes dans les projets de coopération décentralisée Nord-Sud : un enjeu majeur : le cas des autorités locales françaises et palestiniennes dans le secteur de l’eau et de l’assainissement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1079.
Повний текст джерелаDecentralized cooperation projects, an aspect of the development aid and external action of local authorities, has legally existed since 1992. Simultaneous interest in water and sanitation issues and in Mediterranean countries motivated us to focus our research in the Palestinian Territories, many of which suffer of a lack of water. These cooperative actions require a coordination of the stakeholders on the partner territory. This research questions the efficacy of these coordinated efforts applied to the water and sanitation field. Herein, issues of decentralized cooperation have been compared between the literature and a field study, which allowed us to focus more particularly on the issue of knowledge transfer. Indeed, training accounted for an increasingly important share of decentralized cooperation projects, due in particular to financial difficulties of local authorities. This is why we focused on knowledge transfer’s literature, inter-organizational transfer actually as it does not meet the same difficulties as private organizations (with holding information, power games, an unstable relationship, etc.) but conversely it is rarely assessed and thus warrants investigation. We also followed up on the different management practices related to project management : project monitoring, implementation of public consultations, etc. We found that public communication is scarce and found others difficulties such as frequent management turnovers. We wished to understand the impact of frequent turnover and solutions to the problems they may create
Bou, Farah Mira. "Méthodes utilisant des fonctions de croyance pour la gestion des informations imparfaites dans les réseaux de véhicules." Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0208/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe popularization of vehicles has created safety and environmental problems. Projects havebeen launched worldwide to improve road safety, reduce traffic congestion and bring more comfortto drivers. The vehicle network environment is dynamic and complex, sources are often heterogeneous,and therefore the exchanged information may be imperfect. The theory of belief functionsoffers flexibility in uncertainty modeling and provides rich tools for managing different types of imperfection.It is used to represent uncertainty, manage and fuse the various acquired information.We focus on the management of imperfect information exchanged between vehicles concerningevents on the road. The carried work distinguishes local events and spatial events, which do nothave the same characteristics. In an environment without infrastructure where each vehicle is afusion center and creates its own vision, the goal is to provide to each driver the synthesis of thesituation on the road as close as possible to the reality. Different models using belief functionsare proposed. Different strategies are considered: discount or reinforce towards the absence of theevent to take into account messages ageing, keep the original messages or just the fusion result invehicle database, consider the world update, manage the spatiality of traffic jam events by takinginto account neighborhood. Perspectives remain numerous; some are developed in the manuscriptas the generalization of proposed methods to all spatial events such as fog blankets
Jacquot, Paulin. "Game theory and Optimization Methods for Decentralized Electric Systems." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX101/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of smart grid and in the transition to decentralized electric systems, we address the problem of the management of distributed electric consumption flexibilities. We develop different methods based on distributed optimization and game theory approaches.We start by adopting the point of view of a centralized operator in charge of the management of flexibilities for several agents. We provide a distributed and privacy-preserving algorithm to compute consumption profiles for agents that are optimal for the operator.In the proposed method, the individual constraints as well as the individual consumption profile of each agent are never revealed to the operator or the other agents.Then, in a second model, we adopt a more decentralized vision and consider a game theoretic framework for the management of consumption flexibilities.This approach enables, in particular, to take into account the strategic behavior of consumers.Individual objectives are determined by dynamic billing mechanisms, which is motivated by the modeling of congestion effects occurring on time periods receiving a high electricity load from consumers.A relevant class of games in this framework is given by atomic splittable congestion games.We obtain several theoretical results on Nash equilibria for this class of games, and we quantify the efficiency of those equilibria by providing bounds on the price of anarchy.We address the question of the decentralized computation of equilibria in this context by studying the conditions and rates of convergence of the best response and projected gradients algorithms.In practice an operator may deal with a very large number of players, and evaluating the equilibria in a congestion game in this case will be difficult.To address this issue, we give approximation results on the equilibria in congestion and aggregative games with a very large number of players, in the presence of coupling constraints.These results, obtained in the framework of variational inequalities and under some monotonicity conditions, can be used to compute an approximate equilibrium, solution of a small dimension problem.In line with the idea of modeling large populations, we consider nonatomic congestion games with coupling constraints, with an infinity of heterogeneous players: these games arise when the characteristics of a population are described by a parametric density function.Under monotonicity hypotheses, we prove that Wardrop equilibria of such games, given as solutions of an infinite dimensional variational inequality, can be approximated by symmetric Wardrop equilibria of auxiliary games, solutions of low dimension variational inequalities.Again, those results can be the basis of tractable methods to compute an approximate Wardrop equilibrium in a nonatomic infinite-type congestion game.Last, we consider a game model for the study of decentralized peer-to-peer energy exchanges between a community of consumers with renewable production sources.We study the generalized equilibria in this game, which characterize the possible energy trades and associated individual consumptions.We compare the equilibria with the centralized solution minimizing the social cost, and evaluate the efficiency of equilibria through the price of anarchy
Gergaud, Olivier. "Modélisation énergétique et optimisation économique d'un système de production éolien et photovoltaïque couplé au réseau et associé à un accumulateur." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439079.
Повний текст джерелаSène, Papa. "Le point de vue des principaux de collège de la région de Fatick (Sénégal) sur l'efficacité des conseils de gestion et le support offert par le projet d'appui à l'enseignement moyen (PAEM/CLASSE)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18400.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Merrer Erwan. "Protocoles décentralisés pour la gestion de réseaux logiques large-échelle." Rennes 1, 2007. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2007/lemerrer.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWe focus on large scale distributed and dynamic systems. We are interested in methods that get information from the network, for monitoring and administration purposes. After surveying related work about techniques that assure the service maintenance, we present four protocols which are aimed to mesure key characteristics about the overlay. We introduce an uniform sampling method, based on a random walk. We then present two techniques aimed at estimate the syze of a system. The first method rely on a random walk, and the second one use the birthday paradox reversal. A comparative study is driven, and finally the best one is compared with other techniques of the related work. We also worked on the replica placement issue, for potentially highly used services. Finally we introduce, to the best of our knowledge, the first distributed estimation method on the arrivals and departures dynamics on the network
Schoen, Quentin. "Piloter le transport de colis intelligents : proposition d’une approche décentralisée Application aux colis contenant des produits sensibles L’indispensable évolution des ”transport management system” pour le pilotage des flux de produits sensibles Improving parcels transportation performance by introducing a hitchhiker parcel model." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EMAC0008.
Повний текст джерелаCentralised transport logistics systems reach their limits, facing with fragmented shipments and complex logistics networks. Breakthrough innovations, as the Physical Internet initiative, steer research works to decentralised, open and collaborative monitoring approaches. The research work in this thesis aims to query the relevance of decentralised monitoring applied on intelligent and opportunistic parcels. Thus, we define key performance indicators allowing each parcel to make its own decisions and direct itself on the logistics network. These indicators allow parcels to evaluate each transportation opportunity. In the third part, we evaluate the relevance of our model, testing these indicators with different transportation types. We use a design of experiments with Discrete-Event Simulation models to test several transportation scenarios. Finally, in the fourth part, we applied our experiments on a French Blood Establishment Supply Chain part. It aims to compare the current organisation with the expected one and conclude on the relevance of our proposition
Barraud, Claire. "Prévention et résolution des crises de la dette souveraine : la décentralisation en question." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838599.
Повний текст джерелаDebbabi, Bassem. "Cube : un framework décentralisé dirigé par l'architecture pour l'auto-gestion des logiciels." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951532.
Повний текст джерелаWei, Jin. "Modeling and Coordination of interconnected microgrids using distributed artificial intelligence approaches." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA021.
Повний текст джерелаAs renewable sources penetrate the current electrical system to relief global warming and energy shortage, microgrid (MG) emerges to reduce the impact of intermittent generation on the utility grid. Additionally, it improves the automation and intelligence of the power grid with plug-and-play characteristics. Inserting more MGs into a distribution network promotes the development of the smart grid. Thus MG networks existing in the power system are in prospect. Coordinating them could gain a system with high reliability, low cost, and strong resistance to electrical faults. Achieving these profits relies on developed technologies of communication, control strategy, and corresponding algorithms.Dispatching power in distributed MGs while coordinating elements within the individual MG demands a decentralized control system, in which the multi-agent system possesses advantages. It is applied to the MG network for establishing a physically distributed system. Based on the multi-agent system, this thesis mainly studies the coordination control in the MG network and its modeling. It aims at promoting control performance in terms of efficiency, reliability, economic benefit, and scalability. Two methods are considered to enable the system scalability, including the coordination with neighboring MGs and within the extensive coordinating area. A simulation platform is established to validate the proposed approaches.The control strategies for coordination between MGs and their neighbors are proposed to maintain the complete load supply and global security operation while minimizing the generation cost. Centralized control in the coordination group is applied for economic energy management. It uses a Newton-Raphson method to dispatch power among neighboring MGs by simplifying the relationship between MG generation cost and its output power. An average consensus approach is adopted to calculate the caused network power flow, and the results are compared with the maximal capacity on the line to keep safe operation. To further improve the economic benefits, the approximation of the relationship between MG output power and the caused generation cost is improved by an another strategy based on the market concept. It builds a market for neighboring power trade. This method maintains the operation privacy of individual MG. Power flow calculation is simplified to be proportional to the angle difference between the two terminates of the connecting line. Both strategies are tested on several MG network. Their performance shows that both approaches possess scalability and could economically compensate for the lack of load supply in faulted MG.For the control strategy with higher reliability and profit, a coordination strategy within a selected extensive area of MGs is proposed. Expanding the coordination area based on neighboring MGs provides more energy sources to the demanded MG. It ensures enough power to compensate imbalance and offers more choices for power dispatching. The selection of the coordination area is based on a distributed evolutionary algorithm. Quadratic programming in Gurobi is used to solve the power dispatching problem. Another genetic algorithm is also adopted to solve the problem of optimal power dispatching with a quadratic generation cost for microturbine. The performance of this strategy is tested, and the results show that it has comprehensive advantages on reliability, scalability, and profit compared with centralized methods
Gonthier, Alain. "De l'optimisation des coûts de changement de fabrication vers l'atelier logiciel décentralisé d'ordonnancement (ALDO)." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0010.
Повний текст джерелаAbdallah, Nada. "Raisonnements standard et non-standard pour les systèmes décentralisés de gestion de données et de connaissances." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536926.
Повний текст джерелаArda, Yasemin. "Politiques d’approvisionnement dans les systèmes à plusieurs fournisseurs et optimisation des décisions dans les chaînes logistiques décentralisées." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000208/.
Повний текст джерелаDiop, Fallilou. "Analyses probabilistes pour l'étude des réseaux électriques de distribution." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC055/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe current changes on the electrical system bring out economic and technical issues in the management of the latter. Among these issues, the impact of distributed generation and VEs on the technical constraints of the distribution network. The aim of this thesis is to study probabilistic models to estimate the impacts of photovoltaic production and electrical vehicles on medium and low voltage distribution networks. Two different probabilistic models of production and consumption were studied : one based on the fitting of historical data by one probability density function, the other one based on the data clustered in groups defined by a standard profile and a probability of occurrence. Three probabilistic load flow technics have been studied in this thesis. The first is based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the second is based on the PEM approximation method and the last, based on the use of clustering, is called pseudo Monte Carlo method
Poure, Valérie. "L'officier de l'état civil en droit des personnes et de la famille." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA021.
Повний текст джерелаThe Officer of Civil Status is the authority designated by law to observe, register, keepand exploit, in their authentic form, the constituting acts of individuals and families. The mayor, with his assistants, is the Officer of Civil Status par excellence. As a State's representative at municipal level, he ensures the administration of a service which is accessible and close to the citizens. The two-fold responsibility arising from this function tends to meet both State and individual needs. As an executive municipal body and a decentralized public authority, the mayor plays a unique role in the law of persons and the family law. Therefore, he is often compared to a notary or a registrar. On the borderline between private law and public law, his hybrid position which has a definite interest with regard to the requirements of social organisation, could nevertheless be improved
Arda, Yosemin. "Politiques d'approvisionnement dans les systèmes à plusieurs fournisseurs et optimisation des décisions dans les chaînes logistiques décentralisées." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480960.
Повний текст джерелаLagorce, Jérémy. "Modélisation, dimensionnement et optimisation des systèmes d'alimentation décentralisés à énergie renouvelable - application des systèmes multi-agents pour la gestion de l'énergie." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604024.
Повний текст джерелаAuda, Elodie. "La mise à disposition d’immeubles de l’Etat au profit des universités. Etude critique d’un système de gestion de biens publics décentralisé." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0015.
Повний текст джерелаThe putting at disposal is a legal system enabling French State to authorize some of his institutions to use his immovable properties for general interest. This system permits to share rights and obligations of the proprietor concerning his possessions. It can be applied indifferently to public or private estate of the State by using procedures of allocation, transfers of endowments or covenants for use and it represents a dispensatory way of administration of public propriety and domain. The putting at disposal is an accessory of functional decentralizing and tightly linked to the administration by the State. In estate matter it transcribes decentralizing logic and aims to balance between patrimonial dependence and autonomy of national public institutions face to their administrative supervision. This system reveals its originality in the decentralizing of the public service of university education and research. As well as functional decentralizing did rationalize the institutional relationship, very complex for centuries, between State and universities the putting at disposal tries to balance patrimonial links which have always been convoluted. It confers to universities a part of rights and obligations incumbent to proprietor concerning national estate but grants them some autonomy in administrating this property. But the universities are still dependant on the State who, regarding the low resources of these institutions, remains proprietor of the major part of estates dedicated to university public service. Our critical analysis of the system of putting at disposal, its mode of enforcement and its evolutions aims to deliver an innovating approach of the relationship between universities and State which is characterized by the link of dependence/autonomy. For institutional concern today everybody agrees that universities’ autonomy towards the State is necessary in order to individualize, modernize and energize the public service of university education and research. But there is uncertainty regarding the estate problem. The purpose of a critical study of putting at disposal so consists in evaluating the degree of balance between the notions of dependence and autonomy attempted or eventually feasible and its consequences on the patrimonial relationship between State and universities. Now, in this context, the efficiency of the system can be contested. Founded on a minimalist theory it gives free rein in practice to a vast number of interpretations, circumventions and even misappropriations which lead to a fluctuant estate administration and a misbalanced patrimonial relationship. Despite reforms its implementation does not fit with the recent logic evolutions of the administration of public estate. In fact the budgetary crisis implies questioning about public administration and ownership of public domain dating from the end of the 19th century. The putting at disposal reveals to be a complex legal implement. It is marked at once by the stakes of modern administration of public estate, by the specificity of the dispensatory law which reigns in this matter as well as by contemporary debates about university statutes, the way of organizing the public service and new means of public organization in the context of French administration
Dichkova, Vessélina. "L'action d'un service central innovation dans un groupe de services décentralisé : le cas Suez : quelle instrumentation sous-jacente." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1247.
Повний текст джерелаEnnajem, Cécile. "Evolution du rôle du contrôleur de gestion dans un contexte de contrôle de gestion." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667925.
Повний текст джерелаBayeba, Marina Céline. "Gestion intégrée des zones côtières en Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0551.
Повний текст джерелаThe coastline is the subject of a very important economic, social and environmental issue. Its abusive exploitation makes it vulnerable, and exposes it to hazards reducing the hability of coastal ecosystems to preserve and maintain themselves. For the management of its coastline, Côte d'Ivoire has ratified almost all the Conventions and International agreements advocating the integrated management of this area. This objective is not easy to achieve because of this initial management sectorized but also because the fragmentation of skills and the lack of connection between the various issues related to conservation and protection of ecosystems benefits, cultural and economics of coastal areas. The search for coordination and coherence at the institutional, politicaln economic and legal levels is essential. Actions have been led, the adoption in 2014 of the law on the coast and the adoption of the new maritime code. These actions to be perfected must allow everyone to participate and facilitate access to justice