Статті в журналах: "GERT-network"

1

Перепелкин, Д. А., А. М. Фам, and А. З. Нгуен. "THE PROBLEM OF PLANNING THE AMOUNT OF HETEROGENEOUS RESOURCES IN INDUSTRIAL GERT-NETWORKS WITH FUNCTIONALLY DEPENDENT RANDOM OPERATIONS." СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, no. 4(82) (December 1, 2020): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2020.35.12.008.

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В работе рассмотрена задача планирования объема разнородных ресурсов в промышленных GERT-сетях с функционально зависимыми случайными операциями. Представлены основные шаги алгоритма для применения линейных функциональных зависимостей случайных величин в экспоненциальных GERT-сетях ресурсов. Рассмотрены примеры расчета объема ресурса одинакового или разного типов. Даны сравнительные результаты выходной величины GERT-сети, полученные численным и математическим методами. The paper considers the problem of planning the amount of heterogeneous resources in industrial GERT networks with functionally dependent random operations. The main steps of the algorithm for applying linear functional dependencies of random variables in exponential GERT-networks of resources are presented. Examples of calculating the volume of a resource of the same or different types are considered. The results of the output value of the GERT-network obtained by numerical and mathematical methods are compared.

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2

Перепелкин, Д. А., and А. М. Фам. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CALCULATING THE PROBABILISTIC RESOURCE CHARACTERISTICS OF TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS BASED ON IMPORTANCE OF THE ALLOCATED RESOURCES." СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, no. 2(84) (March 1, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.84.2.002.

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Рассматривается задача определения условных плотностей вероятностей ресурсов в телекоммуникационной сети с обновлением информации, содержащейся в заявках, передаваемых по сети. Разработана математическая модель вычисления вероятностно-ресурсных характеристик GERT-сети по экспоненциальным и нормальным распределениям. The problem of determining the conditional probability densities of resources in a telecommunication network with updating the information contained in requests transmitted over the network is considered. The work developed a mathematical model for calculating the probabilistic resource characteristics of the GERT-network by exponential and normal distributions.

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3

Monjezi, Nasim, Mohammad Javad Sheikhdavoodi, Hasan Zakidizaji, Afshin Marzban, and Mahmood Shomeili. "Operations Scheduling of Sugarcane Production Using Classical Gert Method (Part Ii: Preserve Operations, Harvesting and Ratooning)." Journal of Agricultural Studies 3, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v3i2.7421.

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Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) is a systems analysis technique for project management. GERT provides a visual picture of the system and helps to analyse the system in a less inductive manner. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is studying the application of project scheduling in agriculture, for operations scheduling of sugarcane production (preserve operations, harvesting and rationing) using classical GERT method in Khuzestan province of Iran. Results showed that the network model was able to answer any statistic all the questions concerning the project. GERT networks are increasingly becoming a powerful tool for modelling, scheduling, planning, controlling and analysing of agricultural mechanization projects.

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4

Perepelkin, D. A., and A. M. Pham. "MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELING OF HETEROGENEOUS RESOURCES PLANNING AND ALLOCATION IN INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS." Vestnik of Ryazan State Radio Engineering University 77 (2021): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21667/1995-4565-2021-77-68-80.

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The aim of the work is to develop mathematical and software tools for modeling planning and allocating processes of heterogeneous resources in industrial networks. Two approaches to the application of functional dependencies of random values of resources to the model of GERT-network are proposed: parallel and sequential, which corresponds to the processes of planning and allocating resources. The approaches proposed in the work allow expanding the capabilities of classical GERT-networks. To generalize the process of implementation and automation of calculations, a computer modeling system has been developed. The main stages of mathematical modeling of industrial networks based on GERT-models are also proposed. An algorithm for planning and allocating of heterogeneous resources in t industrial networks has been developed. A computer modeling system ResourceModeler has been developed, which allows calculating the distribution laws of output values in a GERT-network using linear functional dependencies based on the heterogeneity of resources.

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5

Popov, Anatoly, Michael Dorrer, Alexandra Dorrer, Elizaveta Trishkina, and Nikita Romanov. "An approach to building a predictive model of the life cycle of information resources based on stochastic gert-networks and process mining technology." Informatization and communication 4 (November 2020): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34219/2078-8320-2020-11-4-107-112.

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The article proposes an approach to predicting the numerical parameters of the life cycle of information resources. The main task of this work is to develop a tool for numerical forecasting of the life cycle of information resources based on actual life cycle data in the form of resource history event logs. The forecast is carried out using the apparatus of stochastic GERT networks. The construction of the GERT model is performed using the Process Mining algorithmic apparatus and the ProM software framework. The object of the analysis was the data of the Scientific Electronic Library Online. The data is publicly available on the Kaggle.com website. To build a GERT network describing the life cycle model of an information resource, we used the methods of intellectual analysis of Process Mining processes implemented using the ProM Framework. In the course of the work, an analysis of the life cycle of information resources of the Scientific Electronic Online Library was carried out. The paper presents the process of extracting data used to model a GERT network using the ProM framework. The data obtained made it possible to restore the topology of the stochastic network and identify the laws of probability density distribution of the duration of the life cycle stages. On the basis of the constructed GERT-network, the law of distribution of the probability density of the duration of the life cycle of an information resource was described. The obtained result confirms the applicability of Process Mining technology to probabilistic analysis and forecasting of the life cycle of information resources.

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6

Engi, Dennis. "Maintainability analysis using Q-GERT network simulation." SIMULATION 44, no. 2 (February 1985): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003754978504400202.

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7

Zhang, Na, Shuli Yan, Zhigeng Fang, and Baohua Yang. "Fuzzy GERT model based on z-tag and its application in weapon equipment management." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 12503–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-201731.

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In view of the situation that tasks or activities in the GERT model may have multiple realizations, this paper explores the time dependence of each repeated execution node under the condition of fuzzy information, and studies the characteristics of the z-tag fuzzy GERT model and its analytic algorithm. Firstly, the F-GERT model related to the number of executions of activities is defined, and the simplified rules, related properties and theorems of the network model are examined. Secondly, solving algorithm, conditional moment generating function and process arrival time of the F-GERT model for repeated execution time are studied. Finally, the application of F-GERT queuing system based on element execution time in weapon equipment management is discussed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the model and algorithm are verified by the practical application of the project.

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8

Semenov, Serhii, Liqiang Zhang, Weiling Cao, Serhii Bulba, Vira Babenko, and Viacheslav Davydov. "Development of a fuzzy GERT-model for investigating common software vulnerabilities." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 2 (114) (December 29, 2021): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.243715.

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This paper has determined the relevance of the issue related to improving the accuracy of the results of mathematical modeling of the software security testing process. The fuzzy GERT-modeling methods have been analyzed. The necessity and possibility of improving the accuracy of the results of mathematical formalization of the process of studying software vulnerabilities under the conditions of fuzziness of input and intermediate data have been determined. To this end, based on the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy network modeling, a fuzzy GERT model has been built for investigating software vulnerabilities. A distinctive feature of this model is to take into consideration the probabilistic characteristics of transitions from state to state along with time characteristics. As part of the simulation, the following stages of the study were performed. To schematically describe the procedures for studying software vulnerabilities, a structural model of this process has been constructed. A "reference GERT model" has been developed for investigating software vulnerabilities. The process was described in the form of a standard GERT network. The algorithm of equivalent transformations of the GERT network has been improved, which differs from known ones by considering the capabilities of the extended range of typical structures of parallel branches between neighboring nodes. Analytical expressions are presented to calculate the average time spent in the branches and the probability of successful completion of studies in each node. The calculation of these probabilistic-temporal characteristics has been carried out in accordance with data on the simplified equivalent fuzzy GERT network for the process of investigating software vulnerabilities. Comparative studies were conducted to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the results obtained. The results of the experiment showed that in comparison with the reference model, the fuzziness of the input characteristic of the time of conducting studies of software vulnerabilities was reduced, which made it possible to improve the accuracy of the simulation results.

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9

Li, Zhiyong, Xiangtian Nie, Bo Wang, and Tianyu Fan. "Analysis of the Transmission of Project Duration and Cost Impacts Based on the GERT Network Technique." Symmetry 11, no. 3 (March 6, 2019): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11030337.

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In engineering projects, project duration and a cost increase occur in every phase and will propagate their impacts downstream. Associated with the compensation of project duration, the duration and cost impacts are transferred among phases. In this paper, after illustrating the transmission of project duration and cost impacts, we will use the risk transmission theory and GERT (Graphic Evaluation and Review Technique) network technique to build a transmission model. We have designed equivalent parameters of project duration and cost impacts in the GERT model for serial, parallel, and hybrid structures. The algorithm of the GERT network for project cost and duration transmission is analyzed. The effectiveness of this model and algorithm is proved by numerical examples. This paper provides a new analytical method for cost and duration control of engineering projects.

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10

WITT, PETER. "THE MANAGEMENT OF TRANSFORMATION IN EAST GERMAN FIRMS." Journal of Enterprising Culture 04, no. 01 (March 1996): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495896000058.

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The transformation of East Germany from a socialist to a market economy has brought about the need to restructure all East German firms. Managing this transformation process is comparable to the planning and controlling of a large project in a quickly changing economic environment. The main goal for the managers of firms in transition is to ensure the survival of their companies and to reduce the time required for the restructuring processes. The purpose of this study is to assess stochastic activity network analysis as a tool for the management of transformation. Network analysis allows to identify the necessary management activities, to plan the optimal sequence of these activities, and to control ongoing transformation processes. Our experiences so far suggest that the stochastic activity network technique GERT is a well suited technique for the analysis of transformation processes. To illustrate this new application of GERT, the study presents a simulation of a GERT activity network for the transformation process of a firm. The simulation is based on more than 20 in-depth case studies conducted in East Germany.

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11

Xu, Ruiting, Zhigeng Fang, and Jinyu Sun. "A grey STA-GERT quality evaluation model for complex products based on manufacture-service dual-network." Grey Systems: Theory and Application 4, no. 2 (July 29, 2014): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gs-05-2014-0018.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to find out a scientific method to evaluate quality of complex products, whose quality is different from general products. Design/methodology/approach – Based on interval grey number theory, reliability analysis method and stochastic network theory, authors have established grey success tree analysis-graph evaluation and review technique (GSTA-GERT) model in this paper. Findings – Comparing complex products and general products, authors have found that complex products have two characters, i.e. quality of manufacture and quality of service. Furthermore, this paper has proved the GSTA-GERT model is a scientific and reasonable approach to estimate quality of complex products from the sight of manufacture-service network. Originality/value – This paper has established GSTA-GERT model, which surmounts the defect of traditional estimation method, such as lacking logic analysis in the method of analytic hierarchy process.

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12

Semenov, Serhii, Zhang Liqiang, Cao Weiling, and Viacheslav Davydov. "Development a mathematical model for the software security testing first stage." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 2 (111) (June 30, 2021): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.233417.

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This paper reports an analysis of the software (SW) safety testing techniques, as well as the models and methods for identifying vulnerabilities. An issue has been revealed related to the reasoned selection of modeling approaches at different stages of the software safety testing process and the identification of its vulnerabilities, which reduces the accuracy of the modeling results obtained. Two steps in the process of identifying software vulnerabilities have been identified. A mathematical model has been built for the process of preparing security testing, which differs from the known ones by a theoretically sound choice of the moment-generating functions when describing transitions from state to state. In addition, the mathematical model takes into consideration the capabilities and risks of the source code verification phase for cryptographic and other ways to protect data. These features generally improve the accuracy of modeling results and reduce input uncertainty in the second phase of software safety testing. An advanced security compliance algorithm has been developed, with a distinctive feature of the selection of laws and distribution parameters that describe individual state-to-state transitions for individual branches of Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique networks (GERT-networks). A GERT-network has been developed to prepare for security testing. A GERT-network for the process of checking the source code for cryptographic and other data protection methods has been developed. A graphic-analytical GERT model for the first phase of software safety testing has been developed. The expressions reported in this paper could be used to devise preliminary recommendations and possible ways to improve the effectiveness of software safety testing algorithms

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13

Baranov, V. V., A. S. Bliznevsky, D. A. Kaftasyev, Ya A. Tynchenko, and A. S. Kuznetsov. "GERT-network optimization model for technologies of hazardous industry management." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 734 (January 29, 2020): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/734/1/012038.

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14

Interrante, Leslie D., and John E. Biegel. "A modified GERT network for automatic acquisition of temporal knowledge." Computers & Industrial Engineering 21, no. 1-4 (January 1991): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(91)90067-g.

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15

Yamashiro, Mitsuo, and Jun Hao. "254 Analysis of Network Model Using GERT with Fuzzy Processing Times." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2007 (2007): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2007.66.

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16

Lu, Lin, Liguo Yang, and Xiaochun Luo. "Graph Evaluation and Review Technique for Emergency Logistics Distribution in Complex Environment." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (April 3, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6698910.

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Emergency logistics is one of the important measures to solve the unconventional sudden disaster. The research on the distribution design of emergency logistics project has an important supporting role for the whole emergency rescue system. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and plan the emergency logistics project scientifically in order to better serve the emergency rescue system. In view of the defect that the current emergency logistics model cannot completely describe the whole emergency logistics process, this paper proposes a new emergency logistics distribution model by using GERT random network. From the perspective of system, this model fully considers the possible situation in the process of emergency material transportation and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures, so as to improve the transportation efficiency of rescue materials in the actual disaster relief activities to speed up disaster relief. Based on the properties of moment generating function and the calculation method of Mason formula, this paper fully considers the success probability, risk probability, delivery time, and other factors of the distribution route and puts forward the transshipment scheme of each logistics site to the disaster sites. After that, the effectiveness of GERT stochastic network in the process of emergency distribution is verified by an example of a logistics distribution route, which provides decision-making basis for relevant departments. Compared with the literature, this paper uses GERT network model to intuitively and clearly express the overall process of emergency material distribution, breaks through the thinking mode of simply choosing the distribution path in the distribution process, combines with the dynamic changes of the distribution environment, and comprehensively considers the timeliness and traffic capacity of emergency material distribution in sudden disasters, so as to provide reference for emergency management in complex and random situations for decision-making reference.

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17

Kurihara, Kenzo, and Nobuyuki Nishiuchi. "Efficient Monte Carlo simulation method of GERT-type network for project management." Computers & Industrial Engineering 42, no. 2-4 (April 2002): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-8352(02)00050-5.

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18

YAMASHIRO, Mitsuo, and Tianmin ZHENG. "Completion Time and Cost Distributions of the Project Using GERT Network Model." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C 77, no. 773 (2011): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.77.212.

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19

Sun, Muyun, and Hong Gao. "Study on Coupling of Entrepreneurial Enterprise Growth and Enterprise Network Competence Based on a Random Network Model." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 12, no. 12 (December 25, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v12i12.6445.

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<strong>In the 21st century, entrepreneurship has already become an important power in economic development, so entrepreneurial enterprises have turned into the research hotspot in academic circles. This paper establishes the benchmark model of entrepreneurial enterprises on the basis of random network model (GERT model). Modeling and simulation are conducted by a case study of actual data about entrepreneurial enterprise growth in Nanjing, showing the probability for entrepreneurial enterprises to grow into the mature period under the influence of the current enterprise network competence. Based on this, a comparison is made with the entrepreneurial enterprise growth model established. According to the modeling and simulation, the probability for entrepreneurial enterprises to grow into the mature period is increased under the influence of enterprise network competence. Therefore, suggestions of improving the enterprise network competence of entrepreneurial enterprises are proposed.</strong>

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20

Tsepkova, M. I., A. A. Stupina, L. N. Korpacheva, A. V. Fedorova, and Z. N. Shmeleva. "Time characteristics assessment of performance of information processing system using modified GERT-network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1353 (November 2019): 012106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1353/1/012106.

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21

Yamashiro, Mitsuo, and Hao Jun. "I33 Analysis of Network Models Using GERT for Several Kinds of Probability Distributions." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2007.60 (2007): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2007.60.331.

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22

Yamashiro, Mitsuo, and Tianmin Zheng. "613 Time and Cost Distributions of the Project in a GERT Network Model." Proceedings of Conference of Hokkaido Branch 2009.48 (2009): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehokkaido.2009.48.199.

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23

KURIHARA, Kenzo, and Nobuyuki NISHIUCHI. "Efficient Analysis Method of Stochastic GERT-Type Network based on Monte Calro Simulation." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 65, no. 635 (1999): 2845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.65.2845.

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24

Zhigeng, Fang, Wu Shuang, Zhang Xiaoli, and Sun Yunke. "ADC-GERT network parameter estimation model for mission effectiveness of joint operation system." Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 32, no. 6 (December 2021): 1394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/jsee.2021.000119.

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25

Lambert, Steve. "Emotional awareness amongst middle leadership." Journal of Work-Applied Management 12, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwam-02-2020-0009.

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PurposeThe purpose of this viewpoint paper is to explore middle leaders' ability to recognise emotions in the context of workplace research, and to propose measures that might support them in their role.Design/methodology/approachThis paper combines a contemporary literature review with reflections from practice to develop more nuanced understandings of middle leadership. This paper applied the Geneva Emotional Recognition Test (GERT) to explore the level of emotional recognition of 86 individuals (teachers to headteachers (equivalent to school principals)).FindingsThe preliminary findings suggest that teachers and headteachers have higher levels of emotional recognition than middle and senior leaders. This paper subsequently argues that the task-orientated nature middle leadership compounds an individual's ability to engage effectively in relationship-orientated tasks. This explains why middle leaders scored lower on the GERT assessment. This is further inhibited by the anti-correlation in the brain's ability to deal with the task-positive network (TDM) and default mode network (DMN) processing functions where individuals operate in one neural mode for long periods.Research limitations/implicationsThe viewpoint paper proposes a number of implications for middle leaders and suggests that middle leaders should proactively seek out opportunities to be engaged in activities that support the DMN function of the brain and subsequently the relationship-orientated aspects of leadership, for example, coaching other staff members. However, it has to be recognised that the sample size is small and further work is needed before any generalisations can be made.Originality/valueThis paper offers a contemporary review of the role of middle leaders underpinned by a preliminary study into individuals' ability to recognise emotions.

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26

Liu, Xiaqing, Zhigeng Fang, and Na Zhang. "A value transfer GERT network model for carbon fiber industry chain based on input–output table." Cluster Computing 20, no. 4 (June 7, 2017): 2993–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10586-017-0960-y.

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27

Wang, Zhao, Sifeng Liu, and Zhigeng Fang. "Research on SoS-GERT Network Model for Equipment System of Systems Contribution Evaluation Based on Joint Operation." IEEE Systems Journal 14, no. 3 (September 2020): 4188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2019.2956549.

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Privalov, A. A., V. L. Lukicheva, D. N. Tsvetkov, and S. S. Titov. "Method for assessing the operating quality of a switching node in a technological transmission network data in the context of DDoS attacks by an intruder." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 022095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/2/022095.

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Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop a mechanism to account for the effects of a distributed denial of service attack on a switching node, as well as to assess the quality of its functioning under destructive effects. Relevance stems from the possibility of disruption of regional economic complex management due to the impact on the elements of the technological network of data transmission attacker type “distributed denial of service”. Based on the mathematical apparatus of GERT-networks the authors propose an approach to assess the quality of switching nodes. The essence lies in the representation of the data flow service node switching network data transmission under attack by an intruder in the form of a stochastic network, setting the type of partial distributions, the definition of the equivalent function, followed by determining the distribution function delay time packets. The model proposed by the authors allows to evaluate the quality of switching nodes operation under the conditions of “distributed denial of service” intruder attacks, both when transmitting stationary Poisson and self-similar traffic, represented by the Weibull and Pareto flow models. The results obtained are in good agreement with the data given in previously published works. The model allows to analyze and develop directions to improve the quality of functioning of switching nodes of technological network of data transmission under conditions of destructive information impact of the intruder.

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Norouzi, Gholamreza, Mehdi Heydari, Siamak Noori, and Morteza Bagherpour. "Developing a Mathematical Model for Scheduling and Determining Success Probability of Research Projects Considering Complex-Fuzzy Networks." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/809216.

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In project management context, time management is one of the most important factors affecting project success. This paper proposes a new method to solve research project scheduling problems (RPSP) containing Fuzzy Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (FGERT) networks. Through the deliverables of this method, a proper estimation of project completion time (PCT) and success probability can be achieved. So algorithms were developed to cover all features of the problem based on three main parameters “duration, occurrence probability, and success probability.” These developed algorithms were known as PR-FGERT (Parallel and Reversible-Fuzzy GERT networks). The main provided framework includes simplifying the network of project and taking regular steps to determine PCT and success probability. Simplifications include (1) equivalent making of parallel and series branches in fuzzy network considering the concepts of probabilistic nodes, (2) equivalent making of delay or reversible-to-itself branches and impact of changing the parameters of time and probability based on removing related branches, (3) equivalent making of simple and complex loops, and (4) an algorithm that was provided to resolve no-loop fuzzy network, after equivalent making. Finally, the performance of models was compared with existing methods. The results showed proper and real performance of models in comparison with existing methods.

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30

Kosztyán, Zsolt Tibor, and Judit Kiss. "MATRIX-BASED PROJECT PLANNING METHODS." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 1, no. 1 (May 10, 2011): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pmc/11.01.67.

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Network planning methods for project planning and scheduling have been applied for more than fifty years including CPM, PDM, PERT and GERT (Fondahl, 1961; Fulkerson, 1962; Kelley & Walker, 1959; PMI, 2006; Pritsker, 1966), which can be widely applied to project planning fromareas as diverse as construction and R&D. However, these network planning methods are not very appropriate in cases where IT, innovation or product development are involved. There are some shortcomings when using network planning methods for scheduling these kinds of projects, because these methods cannot handle the importance of the task realizations. They cannot solve the problem, when some tasks have to be left out from the project because of the constraints, or when the completion order of tasks can be different. In this paper new matrix-based project planning methods are introduced which illustrate how all possible solutions can be determined in two steps based on the Project Expert Matrix. Firstly those tasks are selected, which have to be or can be realized during the project. Afterwards the dependencies (the sequence of the chosen tasks) are determined taking the project constraints into account. The possible solutions can be ranked and the most probable solution can be chosen which can be realized within the given constraints. This method can be a useful tool for project managers as a part of an expert system. Key words: matrix-based project planning method, Project Expert Graph, Project Expert Matrix, Stochastic Network Planning Method.

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Kosztyán, Zsolt T. "CHALLENGES OF THE PROJECT PLANNING METHODS IN THE 21ST CENTURY." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 5, no. 1 (December 5, 2012): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pmc/12.05.46.

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There are a lot of project planning (like Gantt chart (Gant, 1910)) and network-based scheduling methods (like CPM, PDM, GERT (see i.e. Kelley-Walker, 1959, Pritsker 1966)), they were developed for handling traditional (e.g. construction) projects. While these methods are appropriate for the operation level - logic planning, scheduling, cost and resource allocation - of traditional project managemet, these methods can hardly be used for agile and extreme project management. Network-based methods focus on operation level, while for strategic decisions other methods should be used. Matrix-based methods can be used for planning agile methods (see Kosztyán-Kiss 2010-2013), however these methods also focused on operation level. This paper introduces an improved matrix-based method, the extended Multilevel Project Expert Matrix (xMPEM) method. This method can be used not only for operation, but strategic level of project management, where typical strategic questions arise e.g. which subprojects/tasks should be completed, how to treat priorities of completion in case of defining logic planning, how to support not only traditional but agile project management approaches. In this paper a multilevel genetic algorithm (MLGA) will be specified in order to determine possible project scenarios and possible project structures. The introduced xMPEM and MLGA methods can serve as the connection between operation and the strategic level of the project management. Key words: Project Expert System, matrix-based project planning methods, multilevel project planning.

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Stupina, Alena, Tat'yana Berg, and Larisa Korpacheva. "Digital Tools for Managing Innovative Infrastructure." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2020, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2020-5-3-408-416.

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The digital transformation of the economy and the conceptual changes in developing new consumer value predetermined new types of interaction between participants in innovation activities. These changes affected the elements of innovative infrastructure, which ensures effective production of open innovations. The increasing communication of innovation process participants remains a problem of innovative infrastructure performance, which requires new forms and configurations based on digital platform solutions. Modern information and communication technologies and their implementation in the innovative infrastructure will reduce investment costs for creation and maintenance of physical objects and decrease the time spent on searching, exchanging, and processing information of innovation process participants. The article considers the innovative infrastructure as an interaction system of subsystems based on digital platforms. The system provides downloadable information and innovative solutions. The paper focuses on the information subsystem of innovative infrastructure, its components, digital platforms, and services. The authors define distributed and integrated technologies for managing innovative infrastructure that provide communications in a single ecosystem of heterogeneous information network services of innovation process participants. The authors introduce effective mathematical tools of modified GERT networks for modeling computational data processing in heterogeneous environments of digital services of innovative infrastructure.

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Popović, Katarina, Maja Maksimović, Aleksa Jovanović, and Jelena Joksimović. "New Learning Sites in Learning Cities – Public Pedagogy and Civic Education." Andragoška spoznanja 26, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.26.1.33-51.

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Although the concept of learning cities and the idea of learning being place-based and focused on a region, city, town or community have existed for a long time, it is UNESCO’s work that gave the impetus to the practice, helping to create and spread the network of Learning Cities worldwide. One of the main characteristics of the current concept is the leading role of the local government and partnership with policy makers. The paper challenges this feature with the example of cities that are “rebelling” against the local or national government, but do have learning at the core of their activities. The example of Belgrade is described in detail, where various civic actions (protests, ‘guerrilla’ actions, active participation in public discussions) are analysed from the point of view of public pedagogy. The theory of Gert Biesta and his conception of the public sphere as a space for civic action as well as Elizabeth Ellsworth’s ideas on the active creation of space are the framework in which civic actions are interpreted as important kinds of learning. Lefebvre’s concept of the “right to the city” is also applied. In this way, the whole concept of learning cities might be broadened to include cities without a harmonious relationship with its policy makers, but with strong civic movements and civic actions as a kind of non-formal learning in public spaces.

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Schlegel, Katja, Johnny R. J. Fontaine, and Klaus R. Scherer. "The Nomological Network of Emotion Recognition Ability." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 35, no. 3 (May 2019): 352–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000396.

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Abstract. The ability to recognize other people’s emotions from their face, voice, and body (emotion recognition ability, ERA) is crucial to successful functioning in private and professional life. The Geneva Emotion Recognition Test (GERT; Schlegel, Grandjean, & Scherer, 2014 ) is a new instrument to measure ERA in a more ecologically valid way than previous tests. In this article, we report the results of five studies examining the test’s construct validity with a total N of 1,284. We found that the GERT was highly positively correlated with other performance-based tests measuring ERA and emotional intelligence (EI), as well as with cognitive intelligence. GERT scores were also related to higher self-reported empathy, openness, and neuroticism, and to better social adjustment. Furthermore, higher GERT scores were related to lower anxiety, anger expressivity, and alexithymia. In line with previous findings, women scored higher than men and GERT performance declined with increasing age. Taken together, these results provide considerable evidence for the construct validity of the GERT and for ERA as an adaptive skill that likely facilitates better life outcomes.

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Antsu, Gert. "It is Important to Learn From the Experience of Others." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-18.

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Our esteemed interviewee is Gert Antsu, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Estonia to Ukraine. The Ambassador has dedicated 11 years to serving in the Estonian government, then going on to take up his professional duties as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Estonia to Belgium, Luxembourg, and Switzerland. According to the Ambassador, diplomatic service has both pleasant moments and challenges. Moving from country to country is a fascinating and at the same time logistically complicated task, especially for the family. However, if you are attracted by discovering other places and international relations that will be an excellent work for you, since interesting tasks easily come on their own accord. Diplomatic work of an Ambassador in Ukraine is full of urgent tasks. This strenuous pace is related to the current developments, including the war in the east and the ongoing implementation of reforms. The article also deals with overcoming the post-Soviet crisis in Estonia. It is argued that the main reason of success is cultural heritage and interest in studying among Estonians. The second reason is that the Estonian nation has adopted Scandinavian business culture and implementation of reforms. Estonia is well-known for its technology sector and proliferation of the Internet network. The Ambassador singles out the principles of Estonian e-politics that should be implemented in Ukraine to develop the technology realm. He also emphasises that the development of social networks has facilitated public diplomacy, while also reminding not to abuse it. The interviewee is of the opinion that, on the one hand, social networks facilitate diplomatic activities but, on the other hand, complicate private life. The Ambassador has no doubt in the necessity of reinvigorating cultural exchange between the two countries. He also provides his account of the modern state of bilateral relations between Ukraine and Estonia, the main areas for bilateral cooperation, the most successful realms and those requiring further action. Keywords: Estonia, post-Soviet crisis, Ukraine, diplomatic activity, technological sphere, bilateral partnership

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Plesa, Adriana, Christophe Roumier, Florent Dumezy, Delphine Manzoni, Pierre Sujobert, Sandrine Hayette, Isabelle Tigaud, et al. "Stemness Signature in AML: GEP with 17 Genes Score Versus Leukemic Stem Cell (LSC) Quantification By Multiparameter Flow Cytometry (MFC)." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119857.

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Abstract Background: Clonal heterogeneity of the AML blast cell population has been well documented using next generation sequencing (NGS) strategies. This heterogeneity extends to the presence of LSC fraction among the leukemic population: a dynamic compartment evolving to overcome cell selection pressure during disease progression and its treatment including allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). However, it remains difficult to discriminate between LSC and nHSC or other myeloid progenitors as MPP, LMPP or GMP. Here we present how to combine FLOWSom and KALUZA software to obtain robust identification among tumoral and normal progenitors. We compared the flowLSC Profile with stemness 17 genes score to identify patients with adverse outcome. Methods: 11 AML patients from ALFA07-01 clinical trial diagnosed in Lyon University Hospital between 2009-2010 were included in this study. The quantification of CD34+CD38- fraction at diagnosis from total bulk leukemia was made as previously described. To better discriminate between LSC and nHSC we designed MFC panel based on 2-tube antibody combinations to identify the pattern of LSC in the CD34+CD38- cell compartment. CD34/CD38/CD45/CD117« backbone » was used in both tubes, completed by lineage defined markers CD7/CD56/CD19/CD13/CD33/ and/or LSC identified markers CD123 +/- CD90/CD45RA, CLL1, TIM3, CD97. Results: As seeing in Table Nr 1, between 11 AML patients we observed a strong correlation identifying patients with adverse prognostic using previously published threshold by Flow (> 1% CD34+CD38- from bulk leukemia cells). 4 from 11 patients showed a discrepancy between GES 17 LSC and Flow CD34+CD38-: one from four patients (Nr 3) was classified as "high" by Flow (high CD34+ expression) and "low" by GES LSC 17 and three other patients (Nr 8, 10, 11) were classified inversely as "low" by Flow (<1% CD34+ expression) and "high" by GES LSC 17 scoring. Our preliminary data tend to show the relevance to establish a scoring system including the level of FlowLSC at diagnosis and GES LSC 17 to distinguish patients with high risk in patients with high CD34+ expression. Conclusion: In summary, we confirmed that the presence of the LSC CD34+CD38- subpopulation representing more than 1% of total "bulk leukemic cells" at diagnosis could help to identify patients with a poor outcome. Using more accurate analysis as FLOWsom "neural network" system we showed the better discrimination between nHSC and LSC pathway with better separation between CD34+CD38- and CD34+CD38lo fractions and between nHSC (Fig 1A) and LSC (Fig 1B). This unsupervised system could allow us to improve and harmonize the analysis of AML LSC flow signature at diagnosis. A high LSC17 score probably reflects biological properties of LSCs that confer resistance to standard AML therapy. The previous analysis of the ALFA- 0701 trial data demonstrates the utility of the LSC17 score as a tool for patient selection. Despite heterogeneity and complexity of the AML LSC compartment, we should still use LSC quantification as a biomarker of chemosensitivity of AML (Fig 1C). For the patients with high-level of LSC other therapeutic modalities should be chosen to eradicate LSC using targeting immunotherapy before allograft. Monitoring of the LSC fraction should be useful in most clinical trials to overcome chemoresistance of LSC. These results should be confirmed in a prospectively larger cohort of patients and could be considered as useful complementary prognostic parameter for risk-stratification AML patients in future clinical trials. Image: Fig1 A, B, C Table 1 Clinical Trial Registry: ALFA 0701 Conflict of Interest: No conflict Key-Words: LSC, flow cytometry, AML, LSC17 Scoring References: Leukemic Stem Cell Frequency: A Strong Biomarker for Clinical Outcome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia : Monique Terwijn, et al, Gert J. Ossenkoppele1, Gerrit J. Schuurhuis ; PlosOne, 2014 Sep ; Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up. Boyer T, Gonzales F, Plesa A, et al, Roumier C, Preudhomme C, Cheok M; JoVE; March 2018; A 17-gene stemness score for rapid determination of risk in acute leukaemia: Stanley W. K. Ng1, John E. Dick & Jean C. Y. Wang; Nature, 2017 Dec; FlowSOM: Using self-organizing maps for visualization and interpretation of cytometry data. Van Gassen S, Callebaut B and Saeys Y (2017). Disclosures Dombret: CELLIPSE: Research Funding.

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Hongyan, Dui, Chen Shuanshuan, Zhang Chi, and Li Chunyan. "Recent advances on GERT method based on Bayesian networks." Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications 13 (January 22, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666255813666200122104043.

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Background: Identifying key processes and key paths plays an important role in project process management and control. Therefore, in order to reduce the expected time of the project, some analysis methods other than engineering technology must be adopted for analysis and research. Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) is a useful tool in system analysis and design. GERT can process the relationships in network diagrams, which is a network with feedback function and has been applied in many aspects. Methods: In this paper, based on Bayesian network model and GERT network, a new method for analyzing project process is studied. Firstly, all the variable nodes of the GERT network are determined. Secondly, the variable nodes in the GERT network are divided into tandem nodes, aggregation nodes, distributed nodes, and self-loop nodes in the Bayesian network. Third, the GERT network parsing method is used to calculate the expected time of the partial variable node. Then the network structure of the Bayesian network is constructed by connecting the nodes with the directed edges. Results: Thus, a GERT Bayesian model is established. Based on the posterior probability of Bayesian network, we have determined the key process, improved the key process and shortened the processing time. Conclusion: Finally, this method is used to analyze an ERP project activity flow chart with self-loop structure, identify the key processes and key paths, and determine the time period. Therefore, the validity and reliability of the method in project process management are verified.

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Yan, Shuli, Xiangyan Zeng, Pingping Xiong, and Na Zhang. "G-GERT network model of online public opinion reversal based on kernel and grey degree." Grey Systems: Theory and Application ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (March 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gs-09-2020-0118.

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PurposeIn recent years, online public opinion reversal incidents have been occurring frequently, which has increased the complexity of the evolution of online public opinion, and they have become a difficult issue for public opinion management and control. It is of great significance to explore the regularity of online public opinion reversal.Design/methodology/approachCombined with the grey characteristics of online public opinion information, a grey graphical evaluation review technique (G-GERT) network model is constructed based on kernel and grey degree, and the frequency, probability and time of online public opinion reversal nodes are calculated using C-marking method and Z-marking method.FindingsThroughout the online public opinion reversal events, there are all repeated outbreak nodes occurring, so the authors regard the repeated occurrence of outbreak nodes as reversal. According to the average frequency, probability and time of repeated outbreak nodes in the G-GERT network model, the authors predict the corresponding key information of reversal. It can simulate the evolution process of public opinion events accurately.Originality/valueThe G-GERT network model based on kernel and grey degree reveals the regulation of public opinion reversal, predicts the frequency, probability and time of reversal nodes, which are the most concerned and difficult issues for decision-makers. The model provides the decision basis and reference for government decision-making departments.

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Коваленко, Олександр Володимирович. "GERT-network synthesis of vulnerability testing technology of web-applications." Ukrainian Information Security Research Journal 20, no. 2 (July 31, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2410-7840.20.12655.

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Tao, Liangyan, Xuebi Su, and Saad Ahmed Javed. "Time-cost Trade-off Model in GERT-type Network with Characteristic Function for Project Management." Computers & Industrial Engineering, May 2022, 108222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.108222.

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WANG, Ran-ran. "Research on Knowledge Transfer Effect of Innovation Cluster of High-tech Industry Based on GERT Network." DEStech Transactions on Economics, Business and Management, eeim (January 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtem/eeim2020/35268.

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Semenov, Sergey, and Dmytro Lysytsia. "GERT-model of the initial code generation cyber-attack unauthorized access to computer system resources Peer Network." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". A series of "Information and Modeling", no. 44 (December 24, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2411-0558.2016.44.13.

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Mukinda, Fidele Kanyimbu, Sara Van Belle, and Helen Schneider. "Local Dynamics of Collaboration for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health: A Social Network Analysis of Healthcare Providers and Their Managers in Gert Sibande District, South Africa." International Journal of Health Policy and Management, September 8, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2021.106.

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Background: Accountability for maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) is a collaborative endeavour and documenting collaboration dynamics may be key to understanding variations in the performance of MNCH services. This study explored the dynamics of collaboration among frontline health professionals participating in two MNCH coordination structures in a rural South African district. It examined the role and position of actors, the nature of their relationships, and the overall structure of the collaborative network in two sub-districts. Methods: Cross-sectional survey using a social network analysis (SNA) methodology of 42 district and sub district actors involved in MNCH coordination structures. Different domains of collaboration (eg, communication, professional support, innovation) were surveyed at key interfaces (district-sub-district, across service delivery levels, and within teams). Results: The overall network structure reflected a predominantly hierarchical mode of clustering of organisational relationships around hospitals and their referring primary healthcare (PHC) facilities. Clusters were linked through (and dependent on) a combination of district MNCH programme and line managers, identified as central connectors or boundary spanners. Overall network density remained low suggesting potential for strengthening collaborative relationships. Within cluster collaborative patterns (inter-professional and across levels) varied, highlighting the significance of small units in district functioning. Conclusion: SNA provides a mechanism to uncover the nature of relationships and key actors in collaborative dynamics which could point to system strengths and weaknesses. It offers insights on the level of fragmentation within and across small units, and the need to strengthen cohesion and improve collaborative relationships, and ultimately, the delivery of health services.

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Þórarinsdóttir, Tinna, Sigurður Magnús Garðarsson, Philippe Crochet, and Hrund Ólöf Andradóttir. "Þróun aðferðafræði fyrir mat á tæknilega mögulegu vatnsafli með notkun vatnafræðilíkana í hárri upplausn." Icelandic Journal of Engineering 19, no. 1 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ije.19.1.

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Rafmagnsframleiðsla Íslendinga kemur að stórum hluta frá vatnsorku. Nú eru liðin rúm 30 ár frá því að síðast var lagt mat á vatnsafl landsins og á þeim tíma hafa orðið tæknilegar framfarir sem kalla á endurnýjun þessa mats. Markmið þessarar greinar er að lýsa þróun á aðferðafræði sem nota má við útreikninga og kortlagningu tæknilega mögulegs vatnsafls þar sem þróuð hafa verið vatnafræðileg líkön í hárri upplausn, eins og er tilfellið á Íslandi. Dagleg meðalgildi rennslis fengust á reglulegu reiknineti með 1 km upplausn með hjálp vatnafræðilíkansins WasiM. Rennsli í farvegum var reiknað skv. rastagögnum úr ArcGIS gagnagrunni Veðurstofu Íslands um yfirborðshalla og samsöfnun rennslis. Úrkomugögn voru einnig notuð sem ígildi rennslis til þess að greina áhrif þess að nota margþætt vatnafræðilíkan fram yfir óbreytt úrkomugögn. Bæði var gert ráð fyrir miðluðu og ómiðluðu rennsli með því að nota mismunandi hlutfallsmörk á langæislínu sem rennslismat. Mat á mögulegu vatnsafli fór fram fyrir hvern reit sem staðsettur er í rennslisfarvegi innan reikninets með 25 m upplausn. Tæknilega mögulegt vatnsafl er heildarvatnsafl miðað við fullkomna nýtni, án þess að gert sé ráð fyrir neinum takmörkunum, svo sem vegna náttúruverndar eða annarrar landnýtingar. Í þessari grein eru niðurstöður mats á mögulegu vatnsafli á vatnasviði Dynjanda á Vestfjörðum kynntar. A large portion of the total electricity production in Iceland originates from hydropower. The last estimation of the hydropower potential was conducted thirty years ago, in 1981. Since then, there have been major technical developments that call for a renewal of estimation of hydropower potential. The aim of this paper is to describe the development of a methodology that can be used for calculating and mapping technical hydropower potential where high resolution hydrological models are available, as is the case for Iceland. Average daily discharge was provided on a gridded form with 1 km2 resolution by the hydrological model WaSiM. The discharge was routed along the river channel using information about slope and flow accumulation from the ArcGIS database at the Icelandic Meteorological Office. Gridded precipitation data was also routed and used as a proxy for runoff in order to study the benefit in using an advanced hydrological model rather than a crude estimate of the water input onto the catchment. Both regulated and unregulated discharge was accounted for in the methodology by using different quintiles of a flow duration curve (FDC) derived from estimated discharge. The potential hydropower was estimated for each grid cell along the river network with a resolution of 25 m. The technical hydropower potential represents all potential hydropower with full efficiency and without assuming any limitations, such as environmental protection or other land use. Results of hydropower potential estimated for the catchment of Dynjandi River in Iceland are presented.

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"Influencing factors of neonatal peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC)-related phlebitis: a systematic review, meta-analysis and network meta-analysis." Signa Vitae, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22514/sv.2022.019.

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A peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) plays an important role in the security of newborns, especially very low birth weight infants and extremely very low birth weight infants. However, PICC-related phlebitis can seriously affect the normal use of catheters and even cause unplanned removals of catheters. In this review, we systematically reviewed and explored the influencing factors of neonatal PICC-related phlebitis. The PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, CBM, Wanfang and CNKI databases were searched to collect relevant studies on influencing factors of neonatal PICC-related phlebitis. Review Manager software version 5.3 (RevMan; the Cochrane Collaboration 2012, The Nordic Cochrane Center, Copenhagen, Denmark) and GeMTC software version 0.14.3 (Gert van Valkenhoef, Groningen, The Netherlands ) were used for the meta-analysis and network meta-analysis. A total of 32 studies were included, including 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 2 case-control studies, and 16 cohort studies, involving a total of 8278 neonates. The meta-analysis results showed that the influencing factors of neonatal PICC-related phlebitis were catheter malposition (OR (Odds Ratio) = 5.53, 95% CI (Confidence Interval) (1.22, 25.15)), catheter occlusion (OR = 7.18, 95% CI (3.54, 14.56)), gestational age (OR = 2.51, 95% CI (1.35, 4.66)), using a dexamethasone solution to infiltrate the catheter (OR = 0.26, 95% CI (0.17, 0.41)), and innovative nursing interventions (OR = 0.17, 95% CI (0.07, 0.42)). The network meta-analysis results showed that, compared with lower limb veins, the use of scalp veins (OR = 3.57, 95% CI (1.39, 10.18)) and upper limb veins (OR = 1.89, 95% CI (1.08, 3.37)) had a statistically significant difference in the incidence of phlebitis, while there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of phlebitis between scalp veins and upper limb veins (OR = 0.53, 95% CI (0.20, 1.26)). PICC puncture of the lower limb veins was most likely to lead to phlebitis, followed by upper limb vein puncture, followed by scalp vein puncture. Catheter malposition, catheter occlusion and being small for gestational age were risk factors for PICC-related phlebitis, while dexamethasone solution infiltration of catheters and innovative nursing interventions were protective factors. Venipuncture of the lower limbs is the most likely location to cause PICC-related phlebitis.

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Li, Lingling, Hailiang Huang, Jiao Song, Ying Yu, Yuqi Jia, Yajie Wang, Xiaowen Dang, Lei Huang, and Xinyue Liu. "Network Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Different Types of Traditional Chinese Exercises on Pulmonary Function, Endurance Capacity and Quality of Life in Patients With COPD." Frontiers in Medicine 9 (February 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.806025.

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BackgroundIn recent years, Chinese and international studies have reported that traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) have good therapeutic effects on pulmonary function, endurance capacity, and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, only a few studies have reported the differences in the efficacy of different TCEs in the treatment of COPD.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to compare the effects of five TCEs on patients with COPD, including Taijiquan (TJQ), Baduanjin (BDJ), Liuzijue (LZJ), Wuqinxi (WQX), and Yijinjing (YJJ).MethodsAll randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCEs for patients with COPD were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Excerpt Medica Database (EMBASE), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine database (CBM), China Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang database. The search period was from the establishment of each database to August 16, 2021. The quality of the included studies was assessed according to the Cochrane handbook of systematic review, and the network meta-analysis was conducted with R 4.0.2 (Ross Ihaka, Auckland, New Zealand) and ADDIS 1.16.8 (Gert vsn Valkenhoef, Groningen, Netherlands). The effect size was evaluated using the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsA total of 53 RCTs involving 3,924 patients were included. The network meta-analysis results showed that WQX was the most effective in improving FEV1/FVC% score and 6-MWT score. The difference was statistically significant (MD = 8.62, 95% CI 4.46 to 13.04, P < 0.05), (MD = 74.29, 95% CI 47.67 to 102.24, P < 0.05). However, YJJ was the most effective in reducing the CAT score, and the difference was statistically significant (MD = −8.38, 95% CI −13.24 to −3.28, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe existing evidence shows that WQX has advantages over other TCEs in improving pulmonary function and endurance capacity in patients with COPD, while YJJ has advantages in improving the quality of life. Although TCEs show no significant adverse effects, more large-scale, double-blind, and high-quality RCTs are needed in the future to verify the findings of this study.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42021293640.

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