Статті в журналах: "GEOTEXTILE REINFORCED SUBGRADE"

1

Öztürk, Mitat, Yakup Önal, Gökhan Altay, Ebubekir Kaplan, and Cafer Kayadelen. "Experimental evaluation of the usability of palm tree pruning waste (PTPW) as an alternative to geotextile." Revista de la construcción 21, no. 1 (2022): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rdlc.21.1.69.

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This paper focuses on serving twofold benefits for the environment by providing not only recycling of a waste material but also improving rutting performance of sand subgrade under cyclic traffic loads. In this context, a series of laboratory experiments have been conducted to benchmark the performance of commercially manufactured geotextile and palm tree pruning waste (PTPW) as soil improvement agents. Experimental results of the study were evaluated based on permanent (plastic), total, and elastic deformation, rut depth reduction (RDR), traffic benefit ratio (TBR), percentage of elastic deformation, and resilient modulus (MR). In the view of experimental results, geotextile and PTPW-reinforced sand subgrades demonstrated well performance in the sense of permanent and elastic deformations when compared to unreinforced case. It is also realized that the most satisfactory performance was obtained when geotextile or PTPW are located at a burial depth of both 50 mm and 100 mm. In that case, TBR values of geotextile and PTPW-reinforced subgrades were almost the same at 20 mm permanent deformation (i.e., 6.71 and 6.76, respectively). Furthermore, when the results were evaluated based on RDR, it is observed that geotextile and PTPW reinforcements reduced the rut depth at the rate of 49.31 % and 37.15 % at the end of 5000 load cycle, respectively.

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2

Petrenko, V. D., O. L. Tiutkin, I. O. Sviatko, and A. M. M. Alhdur. "COMPLEX ANALYSIS OF SUBGRADE STRESS-STRAIN STATE WITH COMBINED STRENGTHENING." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 1, no. 48 (March 27, 2017): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2017.48.790.

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The paper highlights combined techniques of strengthening that include geotextile laying as well as other related advanced technologies. Subgrade construction analysis and its modification, reinforced with the different types and options of combined strengthening were conducted. To justify strengthening of subgrade a series of numerical calculations were made. Simulation with software package SCAD has confirmed the experimental results. From obtained results one can conclude that minimum horizontal displacements are observed in the version with deepening of geotextile at 1m and vertical ones at 0.4 m. Based on simulation results it is possible to make recommendations concerning modernization of existing subgrade and construction of new one in complex engineering-geological conditions

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3

Nishigata, Tatsuaki, and Ichizou Yamaoka. "Bearing capacity of soft subgrade reinforced by geotextile." Proceedings of geotextile symposium 2 (1987): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5030/jcigsjournal1986.2.101.

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4

Al-Refeai, Talal O. "Behavior of Geotextile Reinforced Sand on Weak Subgrade." Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences 12, no. 2 (2000): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1018-3639(18)30715-3.

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5

Bayomy, Fouad M., Abdul-Karim M. Al-Shaikh, and Sahl N. Abduljauwad. "Effect of Geotextiles on Permanent Deformation in Salt-Encrusted Subgrade Soils." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1534, no. 1 (January 1996): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153400107.

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The effectiveness of using geotextiles on top of salt-encrusted soil, known as sabkha in the Arabian Gulf area, used as a subgrade layer was investigated. A specific characteristic of this soil is that when it is dry (at or below the optimum moisture content) it possesses a sufficient bearing capacity and is hard enough to resist permanent deformation. However, when saturated it loses its strength and causes very large pavement deformations. An experimental model was developed in the laboratory to test and evaluate the bearing capacity and resistance to permanent deformation of the soil–fabric-reinforced system. The laboratory model consists of a cylindrical mold 320 mm in diameter and 420 mm in height in which a sabkha subgrade and a granular base are compacted and separated by a nonwoven geotextile. The testing variables considered in the study are thickness of the base layer on top of the sabkha sub-grade, the presence and types of geotextiles, the applied dynamic stress, and the moisture condition of the soil (at optimum dry versus saturated). The results indicate that the use of geotextiles significantly improved the bearing capacity and resistance to permanent deformation of the base layer on top of a sabkha subgrade. The improvement achieved is more significant for saturated conditions and is a function of the tensile strength of the geotextile. Increasing the base thickness resulted in higher levels of resistance to permanent deformation. A generalized linear regression model was developed to evaluate the permanent deformation of the soil–fabric–aggregate systems. The model is laboratory based, and its validity is restricted to the conditions investigated.

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6

Yin, Zihong, Kevin Maraka Ndiema, Raymond Leiren Lekalpure, and Clement Kiprotich Kiptum. "Numerical Study of Geotextile-Reinforced Flexible Pavement Overlying Low-Strength Subgrade." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 10325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010325.

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Construction of low-volume flexible pavements on low-strength subgrade poses design, construction, and maintenance challenges. While researchers have generally acknowledged the potential for geosynthetics as reinforcement material, they mainly focused on permanent deformation. Therefore, this paper presents a numerical study of low-volume flexible pavement reinforced with geotextile material under static loading to determine the improvement due to reinforcement based on three criteria: rutting performance, geosynthetic placement location, and base course thickness reduction. Based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), three-dimensional modeling using Abaqus/CAE software was performed. From the study, a significant decrease in rutting of up to 25.2% for the unreinforced pavement system was attained with geotextile reinforcement at base–subgrade and AC–base interfaces. The deflection response behavior of the pavement system is affected by the elastic modulus of the geosynthetic material, placement location, and the number of reinforcement layers. As a result of reinforcement, a base course thickness reduction of up to 30% was achieved without sacrificing the pavement’s structural integrity.

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7

Wright, Jason, S. Sonny Kim, Mi G. Chorzepa, and Stephan A. Durham. "Utilization of Large-Scale Rolling-Wheel Tester to Investigate the Stress Reduction in Pavement Layers Due to the Use of Geosynthetic Materials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 2 (February 2019): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119827909.

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In a geosynthetic-reinforced pavement system, the load-bearing capacity of subgrade soil is improved by the lateral distribution of vertical stresses at the reinforcing layer. Under small-scale triaxial testing, the tensile properties of the geosynthetic are difficult to measure. Therefore, it is desirable to conduct large-scale testing to accurately monitor the behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced pavement foundations when subjected to rolling-wheel loadings. This study investigates the behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced pavement foundation systems through large-scale rolling-wheel tests performed with problematic subgrade soils found in north Georgia. Sixteen large-scale specimens were constructed of which twelve were reinforced with geosynthetic. Subgrade soils were compacted either at their optimum moisture content or at a higher than optimum moisture content to produce different California Bearing Ratios during specimen preparation. Both an extruded biaxial geogrid and woven geotextile were placed at various locations to investigate the optimal placement locations for different subgrade conditions. Pressure sensors were installed near the bottom of the aggregate base layer and near the top of the subgrade layer to monitor the variations in vertical stress within the pavement system under rolling-wheel load. Further, light weight deflectometer measurements were collected post-test to determine the effect of the geosynthetic on pavement foundation stiffness. The vertical pressure at the bottom of the aggregate base and top of subgrade decreased on average approximately 15.3% and 18.8%, respectively. The results indicate which type of geosynthetic and placement location provides the greatest reduction of pressure for each of the given subgrade conditions.

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8

Nishigata, Tatsuaki, and Ichizou Yamaoka. "Bearing Capacity of Soft Subgrade and Subbase Layer Reinforced by Geotextile." Soils and Foundations 30, no. 2 (June 1990): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.30.2_179.

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9

., S. Siva Gowri Prasad. "STABILIZATION OF PAVEMENT SUBGRADE BY USING FLY ASH REINFORCED WITH GEOTEXTILE." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, no. 08 (August 25, 2014): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0308040.

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10

Singh, Maninder, Sachin Kamboj, Kunal Jain, and S. K. Singh. "Effect on CBR Values with Addition of Coir Geotextile and Marble Dust in Silty Sands." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012005.

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Abstract The subgrade is the foundation of pavement. The conventional method of replacing weak soil with good soil can cause an increase in the cost of a project. Due to this reason ground improvement techniques are much popular nowadays. The major goal of this research work is to compare California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values of the virgin soil and soil reinforced with coir geotextile in one layer and a combination of two layers at different heights from the top surface of the soil. To see the change in CBR values one layer of coir geotextile was reinforced at three different heights (i.e., H/3; H/2 and 2H/3). After that, the effect on CBR values by reinforcement of combination of two layers of coir geotextile at different heights (i.e., H/3 and H/2; H/2 and 2H/3; and H/3 and 2H/3) from the top surface of the soil was studied. Thereafter, the soil is replaced by various percentages of marble dust ranging from 10% to 25% with an increment of 5% and again CBR values of soil samples reinforced with one layer of coir geotextile and a combination of two layers of geotextile at three different heights were compared with virgin soil. The test results reviewed that the maximum dry density (MDD) decreased and optimum moisture content (OMC) increased with the replacement of marble dust in the soil. The CBR test results specify an enhancement of the value of CBR with the addition of coir geotextile and marble dust. The maximum value of CBR is obtained when one layer of coir geotextile was introduced at the height of H/3 and in the case of a combination of two layers of coir geotextile maximum CBR values is obtained when the coir geotextile was introduced at a height of H/3 and 2H/3 from the top surface of the soil.

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Mittal, Ayush, and Shalinee Shukla. "Influence of Geotextile and Geogrid Reinforcement on Strength Behaviour of Soft Silty Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 877 (February 2018): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.877.264.

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Roads are the most important component for the economic and social development of any country. India has a total road network of more than 6 million kilometers, which carry around 90% of passenger traffic and 65% of freight traffic. More than 20% land area of India is covered with soils having low California bearing ratio (CBR) and shear strength values. The pavement constructed over such soils will lead to rapid increase in construction and maintenance costs. This study presents a laboratory investigation about the combined effect of geotextile and geogrid reinforcement, placed in layers at various depths from top of specimen, on the strength behaviour of poor subgrade soil. Heavy compaction, soaked CBR and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests are conducted. The test results indicate significant improvement in CBR and UCS values for all geosynthetic reinforced cases, whereas ductility and rupture strength remains almost constant as compared to virgin soil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows significant bonding between soil particles and fibers of geogrid, causing stress transfer from soil to reinforcing material and hence preventing soil from overstressing. It is concluded that combination of geogrid and geotextile can be used effectively for reinforcing poor subgrade soil.

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12

Meena, Shivraj, Lokesh Choudhary та Arindam Dey. "Quasi-static Analysis of Geotextile Reinforced Unpaved Road Resting on c-φ Subgrade". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 104 (грудень 2013): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11.116.

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13

Vischer, William. "Low-Volume Road Flexible Pavement Design with Geogrid-Reinforced Base." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-36.

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Reconstruction of a U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service campground facility in the North Dakota National Grasslands required redesign and substantial construction change because of an unstable clay subgrade. The original proposal provided for removing the old asphalt and adding additional base and a new asphalt surface. When the asphalt cement was removed, it was found that the base course had migrated into the clay subgrade, leaving the subgrade unstable. Options explored for redesign were thickened gravel base sections, lime stabilization, and geosynthetic reinforcement. The geogrid-reinforced base was selected. Design analysis consisted of two phases: ( a) bearing capacity analysis for construction traffic and ( b) flexible pavement analysis and design to support long-term recreation traffic. The first involved primarily Tensar design methods; the second, an empirical and mechanistic approach. Empirical methods, based on 1993 AASHTO design procedures, included Tensar methods and the recent Perkins–Michigan Department of Transportation model. The mechanistic approach used the EVERSTRESS and KENLAYER elastic layered programs. All design methods used were found beneficial and are recommended. The final flexible pavement sections constructed were dictated by the construction traffic and consisted of 2 in. of asphalt concrete on a reinforced base course ranging in thickness from 4 to 12 in. The project had to be completed in 3 weeks, so investigation and testing were limited, and the design parameters were based primarily on field dynamic cone penetrometer testing and correlations. Enforcement of the limited wheel loads became a continuous inspection problem. In addition, because of the fineness of the base aggregate produced, a separation geotextile had to be added to preclude migration of the base aggregate through the geogrid into the subgrade.

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14

Leonardi, Giovanni, Dario Lo Bosco, Rocco Palamara, and Federica Suraci. "Finite Element Analysis of Geogrid-Stabilized Unpaved Roads." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051929.

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The need to increase the durability of unpaved roads and the need to improve driver comfort have led to this research: to focus more attention on the use of reinforcements for this type of road. Unpaved roads are created by using an unbound granular base layer placed on compacted cohesive soils. When the subgrade is weak, due to its poor consistency and high compressibility, generally, a geosynthetic reinforcement (geogrid and/or geotextile) is placed over the subgrade, followed by a compacted granular fill layer. The use of geosynthetics can produce several benefits, such as draining, reinforcement, filtering, separation, and proofing. This paper aims to present a numerical investigation using 3-D Finite Element Modeling (FEM) to analyze the improvement, in terms of the rutting reduction of an unpaved road system, reinforced by a geogrid, under repeated traffic loads. 3-D FEM analysis was carried out on two unpaved road sections, one reinforced and the other unreinforced, with both subjected to an impulsive wheel loading. It can be concluded that a significant improvement in pavement behavior is obtained by placing a geogrid layer at the base–subgrade interface. In fact, the obtained results show that geogrid reinforcement can provide a relevant contribution to the reduction of permanent deformations.

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Akram, Suhail. "Unconventional and Simplified Approach towards Unpaved Roads: Application of Geosynthetics." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38766.

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Abstract: A field trial was carried out to investigate the performance of different unconventional geosynthetic materials in unpaved road construction over soft ground.The test site comprises of 25 m long, by 3 m wide test sections, built on a subgrade of undrained shear strength approximately 45 kPa . One isunreinforced and serves as a control section in the study, three sections includea geotextile, and one includes a geogrid. Each test section incorporated avariable thickness of sandy gravel base course material, between25 and 45 cmthick. They were loaded in sequence by a vehicle of standard axle load.Performance of the test sections was evaluated from measurements of rut depth, base course thickness, base course deformations, geosynthetic strain, and deformed profile of the geosynthetic, with increasing number of vehicle passes.The four geosynthetic materials used exhibited a broad range of stiffness and material properties ,but the general performance of the four reinforced sections was similar on the base course layers. On contrary thinner subgrades showed a significant difference between the geosynthetics Keywords: Geo-synthetic materials, geo-textile, geo-grid, unpaved road.

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Love, J. P., H. J. Burd, G. W. E. Milligan, and G. T. Houlsby. "Analytical and model studies of reinforcement of a layer of granular fill on a soft clay subgrade." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 24, no. 4 (November 1, 1987): 611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t87-075.

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The effectiveness of geogrid reinforcement, placed at the base of a layer of granular fill on the surface of soft clay, has been studied by small-scale model tests in the laboratory. In the tests, monotonic loading was applied by a rigid footing, under plane strain conditions, to the surface of reinforced and unreinforced systems, using a range of fill thicknesses and subgrade strengths. Continuous measurements were made of footing load and footing displacement, and deformations of the subgrade and of the geogrid reinforcement were measured from photographs. From these measurements the different mechanisms of failure in the unreinforced and reinforced system were established. Performance of reinforced systems was found to be superior even at small deformations, owing to the significant change in the pattern of shear forces acting on the surface of the clay, brought about by the presence of the reinforcement. Membrane action of the reinforcement only became significant at large deformations.A finite element computer program has been specially formulated to allow inclusion of a thin reinforcing layer, and to handle correctly the large deformations and strains induced in the physical models. This formulation is able to reproduce satisfactorily the main features of behaviour observed in the models, and may now be used with some confidence to perform accurate predictions for full-scale structures. Key words: bearing capacity, clays, finite elements, foundations, geotextile, granular materials, model tests, reinforced soil, roads.

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17

Tingle, Jeb S., and Sarah R. Jersey. "Cyclic Plate Load Testing of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Unbound Aggregate Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, no. 1 (January 2005): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193600108.

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A laboratory research program designed to investigate geotextile and geogrid reinforcement of the aggregate layer in unbound pavement sections was performed by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. The investigation's objective was to evaluate the performance of geosynthetic-reinforced aggregate road sections over a very soft subgrade. Standard construction materials were used to construct six aggregate road sections in a large steel box. Each instrumented road section was subjected to cyclic plate load tests to evaluate the performance of the model pavement sections under simulated truck traffic. The mechanistic response and permanent deformation of each instrumented pavement section were monitored periodically during each test. Analysis of the experiment data indicated that the geosynthetics improved the performance of the reinforced pavement sections compared with the unreinforced section in terms of improved load distribution and reduced permanent deformation or rutting. Additional information regarding the reinforcement mechanisms is summarized.

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18

Haritha, M., and N. R. Krishnamurthy. "Case study: Ground Improvement technique with Geosynthetics as reinforcement on soft ground for buildings in coastal Andhra Pradesh." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1130, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1130/1/012001.

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Abstract Andhra Pradesh is a well-known coastal state in India, Some of the regions, the ground is soft clay in nature shows the soil has low bearing capacity and high compressibility characteristics, so ground improvement techniques may be a viable solution for the construction of any structure. Geosynthetics are the most often utilized reinforcing material in design of foundation in such soils. The significant design parameters are Modulus of subgrade reaction (K), California bearing ratio (CBR) and Modulus of elasticity (E). In Machilipatnam area, the soil is weak and having high compressibility characteristics. Hence ground improvement technique by using Geosynthetics (geotextile as separator, geogrid as reinforcement, GSB as a filling material) is adopted for two major project buildings. Field tests such as Modulus of subgrade reaction test, Plate load test were conducted over the improved ground to ascertain the quality of improvement. Furthermore, a correlation between K and CBR, E and CBR is established. The corresponding California bearing ratio values are correlated using IRC58-1988. A comparison was made over the untreated ground using correlation of E and CBR from others to know the behaviour of unreinforced and reinforced soils.

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19

Kim, Woon-Hyung, Tuncer B. Edil, Craig H. Benson, and Burak F. Tanyu. "Structural Contribution of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Working Platforms in Flexible Pavement." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, no. 1 (January 2005): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193600106.

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A study was conducted in the field and with a large-scale model experiment (LSME) to evaluate the structural contribution of a 0.30-m-thick geosynthetic-reinforced granular layer used as a working platform for construction over soft subgrade. The study was conducted in the context of the 1993 AASHTO design guideline, in which the structural number (SN) of the pavement is based on layer coefficients (each defined using a resilient modulus). Working platforms reinforced with geosynthetics had smaller elastic deflections and larger elastic moduli than unreinforced working platforms with the same thickness. Reinforcement factors obtained in the field ranged from 1.2 to 1.8; those obtained in the laboratory ranged from 1.7 to 2.0, with greater reinforcement factors for the less extensible geosynthetics (geogrid, woven geotextile) for a 0.3-m-thick granular working platform. Of the four geosynthetics tested, the geogrid resulted in the greatest increase in modulus. Reinforcing the working platforms with geosynthetics resulted in increases in layer coefficients ranging from 50% to 70%. Similarly, increases in SN for a typical pavement structure were realized, ranging from 3% to 11% when all other factors were equal.

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20

Wright, Jason, S. Sonny Kim, and Bumjoo Kim. "Stiffness and Strength Improvement of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Pavement Foundation Using Large-Scale Wheel Test." Infrastructures 5, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5040033.

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Laboratory cyclic plate load tests are commonly used in the assessment of geosynthetic performance in pavement applications due to the repeatability of testing results and the smaller required testing areas than traditional Accelerated Pavement Testing facilities. While the objective of traditional plate load testing procedure is to closely replicate traffic conditions, the reality is that rolling wheel loads produce different stresses in pavement layers than traditional cyclic plate load tests. This two-fold study investigates the differences between the stress response of subgrade soil from a rolling wheel load (replicating rolling traffic conditions) and a unidirectional dynamic load (replicating traditional plate load test procedures) in order to obtain a more realistic stress response of pavement layers from rolling wheel traffic. Ultimately, results show that the testing specimens that experienced rolling wheel loading had an average of 17% higher pressure measurements in the top of the subgrade than vertically loaded (unidirectional dynamic load) specimens. The second segment of this study is used in conjunction with the first to analyze aggregate base material behavior when using a geosynthetic for reinforcement. The study aimed to determine the difference in the post-trafficked strength and stiffness of pavement foundation. A Dynamic Cone Penetrometer and Light Weight Deflectometer were utilized to determine material changes from this trafficking and revealed that all specimens that included a geosynthetic had a higher base stiffness and strength while the specimen with geotextile and geogrid in combination created the highest stiffness and strength after large-scale rolling wheel trafficking.

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Tiwari, Nitin, and Neelima Satyam. "An experimental study on the behavior of lime and silica fume treated coir geotextile reinforced expansive soil subgrade." Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 23, no. 5 (October 2020): 1214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2019.12.006.

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22

Serebryakov, Dmitriy. "Investigation of Subgrade Construction on Pile Foundation with Flexible Grillage." Bulletin of scientific research results 2023, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2023-1-61-68.

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Purpose: To investigate the roadbed in the construction of pile foundation united by flexible grillage made of geosynthetic material. To investigate how geosynthetic material will work in such a grillage. To create analytical model of pile foundation with flexible grillage. To determine the strength of such textile material used in the construction. To analyze the advantages and flaws of existing methods for calculating pile foundation structure united by flexible grillage made of geosynthetic material. Methods: Structure parameters of flexible grillage reinforced with geosynthetic material, were calculated using three methodologies: British standard BS 8006-2010, German EBGEO methods, flexible thread calculating method. Results: Arched effect arising in mound body has been studied. Deflections in geosynthetic material were calculated at different loading levels of the structure by soil. Experimental values of forces in geosynthetic material are obtained. "Critical height" is set - the distance from pile top which within, arched effect is formed. Numerical value of uniform emptying has been established which at, pile foundation different rigidity is not revealed on surface. The strength of geosynthetic material of flexible grillage of highway mound foundation is estimated. Existing calculation methods for compliance with experiment results are analyzed. Practical importance: Technical solutions have been developed for two types of flexible grillage structures, both, combined and flexible ones with the use of one or more layers of high-strength geotextile with sand in the form of geo-confining. The developed technical solutions meet all requirements of existing regulatory documents and obtained calculated indicators as well as the requirements for strength, reliability and structure durability. The proposed constructions can be recommended for practical use.

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Komarov, D. A., and V. I. Kleveko. "DETERMINATION OF DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED SOIL BASE BY EXPRESS METHOD USING DYNAMIC DENSITOMETER." Construction and Geotechnics 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2019.4.01.

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Анотація:

One way to improve the properties of soils is their reinforcement by different geosynthetic materials. Difficulty an objective assessment of the effectiveness of the use of geosynthetics in construction is its one of the reasons preventing their wider application. Conducting research aimed at studying the work of geosynthetic materials in the construction of foundations and their interaction with the ground, is a very costly and time consuming practice. The tests of reinforced soil structures for transport construction, which are influenced by dynamic loads are particularly complex. Geosynthetics can significantly improve the deformation characteristics of reinforced soil bases. Therefore, the use of different express methods for determination of deformation characteristics of reinforced soil bases is very important. Method using the dynamic densitometer is a new express methods for determining the deformation characteristics of subgrade. «Meter ground dynamic modulus DPG-1.2» was used as an apparatus for determining the dynamic modulus of elasticity Ed on the ground surface Dynamic modulus of elasticity Ed has a correlation dependence with a coefficient of compaction and static modulus of elasticity Est . One application of geosynthetic material in road construction is their use in the construction of temporary roads. Therefore, the construction of temporary road, representing a layer of sand of various thickness on the reinforcing geosynthetic interlayer modeled in this work. The carcass geogrid KS-16 «Rossomaha» production on JSC ««Krasnokamsk Metal Mesh Works» «and geotextile Geospan TN-50 manufactured by Ltd «HEXA-woven materials» were used as reinforcing geosynthetics. This article presents the results of the determination of the static modulus of elasticity Est and dynamic elasticity modulus Ed soil reinforced by geosynthetic material and soil without reinforcement using DPG-1.2 device. As a result of the experiment shows that the modulus values obtained with the express method of using the device-DPG 1.2 are comparable with the values of data obtained by the laboratory method, the measurement error does not exceed 22 %. For backfill thicknesses h = 50 mm use the carcass geogrid KS-16 can increase Est by 23 % and Ed by 14 % compared with the unreinforced base. Using the geotextile Hexa TN-50 can increase Est by 15.5 % and Ed by 11 % compared with the unreinforced base. Increasing the thickness backfill h up to 100 mm is practically not reduce the effectiveness of the reinforcement carcass geogrid KS-16 «Rosomaha» - static modulus E st is increased by 22 % and dynamic modulus Ed by 14 % compared to the unreinforced base. And for the geotextile Hexa TH-50 at h = 100 mm reinforcement efficiency is greatly reduced - the value Est and Ed only increased by 2.5 % compared with the unreinforced base. This is probably caused by a significantly greater rigidity carcass geogrid KS-16 «Rosomaha» Thus DPG-1.2 device allows accurately measure the deformation characteristics of soil bases. The use of specialized carcass geogrids KS-16 «Rossomaha «more effectively in the construction of temporary roads in comparison with universal geosynthetics Hexa TN-50.

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24

Henry, Karen S. "Geotextiles to Mitigate Frost Effects in Soils: A Critical Review." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1534, no. 1 (January 1996): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153400102.

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The use of geotextiles to mitigate frost effects in soils has been studied, but few techniques have been developed. Guidelines developed for the placement of granular capillary barriers are presented to serve as preliminary guidelines for geotextile capillary barriers. Laboratory research shows that pore size distribution, wettability, and, for some geotextiles, thickness influence capillary barrier performance in a given soil. Geotextiles that easily wet do not reduce frost heave and may even exacerbate it. On the basis of the literature reviewed, guidance for selection of geotextile capillary barriers in field trials is given. If geotextiles function as capillary barriers during freezing and reinforce or separate and filter the subgrade at the base course interface during thaw, then the potential exists for their use in a combination of functions to reduce frost-related damage in geotechnical structures. It was found that properly designed geotextiles have the potential to reduce frost heave by functioning as capillary barriers, they can be filters for capillary barriers, and they can provide reinforcement or separation or filtration (or all of these) of the subgrade soil to reduce thaw-related damage.

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25

Devavath, Harindar, and Shankar S. "Experimental Study to Reinforce The Weak Subgrade Soil For Low-Volume Roads by Coir Geotextile Mats." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2018.3.01.882.

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The construction and maintenance of pavement over the weak subgrade soil become the challenging task to the pavement engineering. One of the major reasons of subgrade failure of pavement is weak subgrade. The weak subgrade soil noticed a Black Cotton (BC) soil. The BC soil subgrade poses several serious problems to the pavement such as rutting, fatigue, reflecting crack and undulation of the pavement. To minimize this problem of pavement, there are many conventional stabilization techniques were adopted and reported. But these techniques are not applied effectively into the pavement to stabilize the weak subgrade. To address this problem, to give the additional strength to the pavement geosynthetics are taken as alternate material for stabilization of pavement. In the present study, an attempt is made in the laboratory with four types of coir mats by using the fabricated mould. The study is conducted in the form of two-layer pavement system. The pavement model layer is prepared as subgrade and sub-base with BC soil and sandy gravel soil respectively. The prepared fabricated mould is tested by using the Wheel Tracking Test (WTT) under moving traffic loading condition. This study concluded that the suitable placement position and the types of coir mats can be affect the performance of the LVRs. It’s also noticed that the suitable coir mats can effectively reduce the deformation, so that it can be used over the weak subgrade to improve the performance of the LVRs.

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26

Abou Chaz, Nisrine, Laurent Briançon, Pascal Villard, Claire Silvani, Alain Nancey, and Abdelkader Abdelouhab. "Experimental and numerical studies of the geosynthetics reinforced platforms laid over soft subgrade soil." E3S Web of Conferences 368 (2023): 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336802036.

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Six full-scale unpaved test sections were constructed to investigate the benefit obtained from inclusion of geosynthetic layer. Two geotextiles were placed at the interface between the base layer and the subgrade. The results allowed the estimation of reinforcement efficiency. In addition, a numerical model coupled between the discrete element method and the finite element method has been calibrated based on the experimental results.

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27

Lesov, Kuvandik, Mukhamedali Kenjaliyev, Akhmadjan Mavlanov, and Sherzod Tadjibaev. "Stability of the embankment of fine sand reinforced with geosynthetic materials." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126402011.

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This research paper validates the significance of an assimilated attitude when choosing the design of the subgrade of railways constructed from fine sands in difficult engineering and geological conditions in the desert and steppe territories of Uzbekistan to ensure their sustainability with modern technologies and materials. The analysis of the results obtained in the calculations of the stability coefficient of the design structure of the embankment. The characteristics of the embankment soils correspond to the design data of the object "Removal of the existing railway section Dunguluk-Burgutli-Misken from the flood zone of the Shurbulak reservoir" The results of the calculations performed by the method of G. M. Shakhunyants, as well as the software "GEO 5" and "Plaxis 2D" show that the structure of the embankment with a height of more than 6 meters does not provide the required standard coefficient of stability. Complete warps of the embankment and graphs of changes in the stability coefficient of the design structure of the embankment, and with the laying of geotextiles as reinforcement of the pattern of the subgrade of railways, are given. Beneficial solutions to increase the stability coefficient of the embankment from fine sands are proposed, and the efficiency of using geosynthetic materials as a reinforcement of the pattern of the subgrade is substantiated. Theoretical calculations and analysis of prevailing embankment structures confirm the feasibility of reinforcing the structure of the subgrade erected from fine sands on the railway lines of Uzbekistan.

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28

Wang, Danrong, Sheng-Lin Wang, Susan Tighe, Sam Bhat, and Shunde Yin. "Construction of Geosynthetic–Reinforced Pavements and Evaluation of Their Impacts." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (September 15, 2023): 10327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810327.

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Анотація:

Geosynthetic materials (i.e., geogrids, geotextiles and other geocomposites) act as an interlayer system and are widely used in construction applications. In pavement structures, geosynthetic layers provide potential benefits such as reinforcement, reflective cracking mitigation, increased fatigue life, and improved drainage and filtering. However, few studies have addressed the installation and construction practices of geosynthetics in pavements. Furthermore, the study of geosynthetics and their contribution during construction are limited. In this paper, a full-scale field study was conducted and three trial sections were constructed; two types of geosynthetics, a fibreglass geogrid and a geogrid composite, were installed in the asphalt binder course and at the interface between the subgrade and base layer, respectively, to be compared with a control section without geosynthetic reinforcement. Trial sections were instrumented to monitor the pressure applied on the subgrade, the strain in the base lift of the asphalt binder course, the temperature, and the moisture within the pavement structure during construction. In addition, post-construction field testing was performed to measure the stiffness of the pavements after construction. The results indicated that geosynthetic-reinforced pavements can maintain pavement resilience during construction and significantly mitigate the disturbances caused by construction activities. The geogrid embedded in the asphalt layer was demonstrated to reduce the pressure at the subgrade caused by paving equipment by 70% compared with the control section, while simultaneously reducing the longitudinal and transverse strain at the bottom of the asphalt layer by 54% and 99%. Observations from the geogrid composite test section also demonstrate the potential to minimize the impacts of future freeze–thaw at the subgrade due to the improved drainage and indirect insulation effect.

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29

Ingle, Ganesh, and S. S. Bhosale. "Geosynthetics reinforced flexible pavement: review of laboratory model studies." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 6, no. 4 (September 21, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v6i4.8158.

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Number of laboratory studies; have shown that geosynthetics reinforcement improves the performance of flexible pavement either by ex-tending the service life or by savings in base course thickness. In spite of the good laboratory evidence for the geosynthetics reinforced flexible pavement, the mechanism that enables and governs the reinforcement function is still unclear [1]. Cyclic laboratory test has been one of the ways, used for assessing/evaluating the soil-geosynthetic interaction mechanisms. In such a tests contribution of geosynthetics prop-erties, interface shear provided by geotextiles and interlocking provided by geogrids when used under or within the base course of flexible pavement are mainly concentrated. This paper reviews literature of laboratory model studies carried out by various researchers over the globe. This review indicates that, appreciable improvement due to geosynthetics reinforcement depends upon various factors viz. location of geosynthetics, geogrid aperture size, geosynthetics properties, mainly stiffness, variation of base course thickness and strength of subgrade soil. The findings of these laboratory studies are also correlated with the same nature of field studies finding.

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30

"Comparative effectiveness research of palm tree pruning waste and geotextiles on subgrade stabilization." Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers 74, no. 10 (November 2022): 829–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14256/jce.3401.2021.

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This paper proposes a novel and environmentally friendly solution for subgrade stabilization that not only contributes towards waste material recycling but also enhances the bearing capacity of subgrade soil. Laboratory plate load tests were conducted under static loads to evaluate the potential use of palm tree pruning waste (PTPW) as a soil reinforcement material instead of commercially manufactured geotextiles, as well as to analyse the impact of the reinforcement depth, number of reinforcement layers, and the relative density of the subgrade material. The results revealed that as the number of reinforcements increased, the load-bearing pressure behaviour of the reinforced subgrades improved. Furthermore, when the reinforcement depth decreased, the load-bearing pressure behaviour improved significantly. All PTPW-reinforced subgrades performed better than geotextile-reinforced subgrades under the same conditions. Additionally, the bearing capacity improvement in the reinforced subgrades was evaluated based on the bearing capacity improvement factor (BCIF). The highest BCIF was obtained when the PTPW was used as a reinforcement with two layers at a sand subgrade relative density of 80 %.

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31

Ajeet, A. K. Sahu, and S. Chandra. "Model study on geotextile reinforced railway subgrade." Materials Today: Proceedings, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.05.673.

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32

Qazi Jasir Mushtaq and Jaspreet Kaur. "SOIL REINFORCED WITH NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILE SHEETS IMPROVED CBR VALUE." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences, September 28, 2022, 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.037.

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Introduction: Building materials technology has allowed substantial advances in structural engineering to take place in the past. Using wood, building stone, concrete, and lately, prestressed reinforced concrete, it became feasible to create an even larger and more complex structure. Aim of the study: the main aim of the study is to Soil Reinforced with Nonwoven Geotextile Sheets Improved CBR Value. Material and method: Tests at NITTTR Bhopal have employed the campus soil as a subgrade for the experiments. CH soil is utilized in this project (Clay of high plasticity). Conclusion: In the laboratory, studies on the California bearing ratio (CBR) led to the following conclusions: Incorporating NW geotextiles into soils enhances CBR and, as a result, soil strength.

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33

Rowe, R. K., J. D. D. Garcia, R. W. I. Brachman, and M. S. Hosney. "Moisture uptake and loss of GCLs subjected to thermal cycles from silty sand subgrade." Geosynthetics International, April 1, 2022, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgein.21.00049.

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The effect on GCL hydration and dehydration, when subject to thermal cycles, of (1) GCL bentonite granularity (powdered vs. granular), (2) GCL geotextile type (scrim-reinforced nonwoven vs. woven), (3) subgrade macrostructure due to fines aggregation, and (4) subgrade density and fines content is examined. Results of 17 hydration tests were assessed for two virgin and deconstructed GCLs placed on a nominally silty sand subgrade at wfdn = 16% during daily thermal cycles when the airspace was heated to 60°C and cooled to 30°C. It is shown that bentonite granularity and mineralogy, the type of carrier geotextile and the subgrade conditions all significantly impact the GCL on cyclic hydration and that the moisture retention of a GCL is dependent on both the type of GCL and the properties of the underlying subgrade.

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34

Negi, Madhu Sudan, and S. K. Singh. "Experimental and numerical studies on geotextile reinforced subgrade soil." International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, October 28, 2019, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2019.1684654.

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35

Ramjiram Thakur, S., B. P. Naveen, and J. P. Tegar. "Improvement in CBR value of soil reinforced with nonwoven geotextile sheets." International Journal of Geo-Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40703-020-00138-9.

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AbstractGeosynthetics are human made material used to reinforce soils to improve the bearing capacity and permeability of the soil, reducing soil settlement. Geosynthetics application plays a vital role in the highways constructions with no additive layers, such as cement concrete, asphalt concrete, or in a subgrade layer that affects the bearing capacity of unbounded layers. This paper presents the geosynthetics as a tensional material that has been used for reinforcement of clayey soil. Laboratory California bearing ratio (CBR) test samples were prepared with clayey soils. Clayey soil containing unreinforced soil and reinforced soil. The sample comprised thermally bonded nonwoven geotextiles (NW) and superior needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles (SNW) with different characteristics (NW 8, 10, 21, 30 and SNW 14, 25, 62, 75) with three-layered, based on the sample materials to perform defined tests. These tests show that, bearing ratio of reinforced soils with thermally bonded nonwoven geotextiles increases.

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36

Anusudha, V., V. Sunitha, and Samson Mathew. "Performance of coir geotextile reinforced subgrade for low volume roads." International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, August 14, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0325-4.

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37

Visvanathan, Anusudha, Sunitha Velayudhan, and Samson Mathew. "Field Evaluation of Coir Geotextile Reinforced Subgrade for Low Volume Pavements." Journal of Natural Fibers, May 7, 2020, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1758279.

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38

Ok, Bahadir, Talha Sarici, Ahmet Demir, Tugrul Talaslioglu, and Abdulazim Yildiz. "Investigation of the construction and demolition materials reinforced by geosynthetics." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability, January 4, 2023, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jensu.22.00077.

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Many researchers suggest using construction and demolition materials in engineering applications (C&D) rather than virgin aggregates (VA). However, the engineering properties of the C&D tend to be poorer than those of the VA. This study presents the results of plate loading tests performed on unpaved roads with the C&D, reinforced by different types of geosynthetics on the soft subgrade. As part of these tests, the effects of some geosynthetics’ parameters such as (1) the embedment depth, (2) height and pocket opening of geocell, (3) the embedment depths and number of geogrids, (4) the distance between geogrids, and (5) the stiffness of geotextile on the bearing capacity of the unpaved road were investigated. Besides, the same plate loading test was also conducted on an unpaved road built by the VA. As a result of this study, although the performance of the C&D was determined to be less than that of the VA, it was concluded that the C&D performed well enough to be used as an alternative to the VA on unpaved roads. Besides, with a very small number of geosynthetics, it was determined that the C&D could have a better performance than that of the VA.

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39

Issac, R. A. Joshia, A. Bharathu, and Dr K. Ramadevi. "Ground Improvement By Using Coir Geo-Textile." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, October 21, 2021, 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-2008.

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For the design of pavement structure the subgrade soil and its properties are important as it gives adequate support to the pavement. To increase the life of pavement the subgrade must be able to support loads transmitted from pavement structure without excessive deformation under adverse climatic and traffic conditions. For using the soil as a good quality pavement material, it is a well-known fact that all soils do not possess all the desirable qualities. The subgrade performance of such soils should be increased by several modification techniques, when such soils cannot be replaced. Among that providing reinforcement to improve subgrade soil nowadays is widely adopted. Nowadays many reinforcing techniques are used to reinforce the soil, among that coir geotextile is most widely used. As it is a natural geotextile it needs treatment to improve the durability. In this study woven coir geotextile are used as soil reinforcement to improve the subgrade soil. The improvement in CBR value when coir geotextile placed at different depth in CBR mould is studied. The coir geocells with an aspect ratio of 0.75, 1 and 1.33 is used. The maximum improvement in CBR value is obtained when geotextile is placed at 1/3H. The CBR value improved when treated coir geotextile is used and the percentage improvement is 66.8% for coir geotextiles placed 1/3H and the percentage increase for treated coir geocells when placed at 1/3H is 37.5%. The optimum height of coir geocells is obtained at an aspect ratio of 1.

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40

Harinder, D., S. Shankar, and M. Rajasekar. "Experimental Evaluation of Coir Geotextile Fiber along with Cement to Reinforce the Weak Subgrade Soil for Low Volume Roads." International Journal of Technical Research & Science 3, no. 1 (March 6, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.30780/ijtrs.v3.i1.2018.009.

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