Дисертації з теми "Geopolymer mortars"
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Ávila, Tainara Cristina. "Estudo da utilização da mistura de cinza da casca de arroz com hidróxido de sódio na produção de argamassas ativadas alcalinamente /." Ilha Solteira, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180872.
Повний текст джерелаResumo: Atualmente, é vasta a quantidade de materiais estudados com potencial de substituir o cimento Portland em matrizes cimentícias, uma vez que a produção do mesmo é responsável pela emissão de grande quantidade de CO2, o que contribui drasticamente para o efeito estufa. Nesse contexto, os aglomerantes ativados alcalinamente são materiais que prometem qualidades similares ou superiores àqueles à base de cimento, porém produzidos com elementos menos agressivos ao meio ambiente. Neste trabalho, é realizado o estudo da aplicação de Cinza da Casca de Arroz (CCA) com Hidróxido de Sódio (NaOH) na produção de solução alcalina, para ativação do metacaulim, material este que já possui resultados positivos quando ativado com silicato de sódio, e outros ativadores obtidos comercialmente. A solução de CCA-NaOH é utilizada como substituta do silicato de sódio comercial, uma vez que, além de utilizar um resíduo em sua produção, dando a ele uma destinação adequada, observa-se uma significativa economia de energia, já que a produção de silicato de sódio demanda uma grande quantidade de energia para sua obtenção. Para que a solução de CCA-NaOH apresente potencial de ativar o metacaulim, é necessário manter tais materiais, por 24h em meio térmico, para que ocorra a dissolução da sílica do CCA. Utilizando-se a composição CCA-NaOH, foram elaborados 5 traços de argamassa com relações molares SiO2/NaOH iguais a 0.0; 0.4; 0.8; 1.2 e 1.6. Também foram elaborados outros 5 traços com as mesmas relações mo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Nowadays, the amount of studied materials with the potential to replace Portland cement in cementitious matrices is extensive, since its production is responsible for the emission of a large amount of CO2, which contributes drastically to the greenhouse effect. In this context, alkali-activated binders are materials that promise qualities similar or superior to those based on cement, but produced with elements that are less aggressive to the environment. In this work, Rice Husk Ash (RHA) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are used to produce an alkaline solution for the activation of metakaolin, which has already positive results when activated with sodium silicate or others commercially available activators. The RHA-NaOH solution is used as a substitute for commercial sodium silicate, once in addition to use a residue in its production, giving it an adequate disposal, it works with the fact of saving energy, since the production of silicate of sodium consumes a large amount of energy for its obtainment. In order for the RHA-NaOH solution to have the potential to activate metakaolin, it is necessary to keep such materials for 24 hours in a thermal container in order to dissolve the silica from the CCA. Using the RHA-NaOH solution, 5 mixtures of mortar were prepared with SiO2 / NaOH molar ratios equal to 0.0; 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6. Another 5 mixtures were prepared with the same molar ratios, but this time using commercial sodium silicate for comparison purposes. It was observed the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Photisan, Methawee Sriwattanapong [Verfasser]. "Influence of Calcium Aluminate Cement and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on the Synthesis of Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Mortars / Methawee Sriwattanapong Photisan." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155438795/34.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, Gessica Zila Batista dos. "Argamassa geopolimérica à base de lodo de estação de tratamento de água calcinado." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2016. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5532.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In the process of water treatment for public supply, which is made in the water treatment plants (WTPs), a waste conventionally called sludge is formed. As in the soil, the main components of WTP sludge are silicon (Si), aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe). This composition allowed to suggest that this waste could be used in the production of inorganic polymers - the geopolymers. While conventional polymers are formed by carbon structures, geopolymers are composed of Si and Al structures. They are obtained by dissolving aluminosilicates materials in highly alkaline solution. Among the possible applications, they can be used as pastes, mortars and concretes, in replacement of Portland cement, which is the most used binder in civil construction worldwide. To verify the suitability of the sludge as a geopolymer precursor, this waste was properly benefited by means of mechanical grinding and calcination at 750 °C for 6 hours, being characterized before and after its processing. The results of chemical and mineralogical analyzes proved the adequacy of calcined WTP sludge as a geopolymeric raw material. To check the influence of the sources of raw water abstraction intake on the WTP sludge characteristics and consequently in the properties of materials produced from sludge-based, samples of this waste were collected under the influence of two different water sources. With these samples it produced of two geopolymeric mortars. The final products were properly characterized and the results proved that regardless of the peculiarities of water sources, WTP sludge can be used as a geopolymeric raw material. In the thermal tests the two mortars produced showed indications of refractory bahavior and have been free of calcium hydroxide, therefore, it can be inferred that they are free matrices of deleterious actions of this compound. In the mechanical tests, at 28 days of cure, they reached mechanical strengths of 57 and 79 MPa, on average. Some results evidenced the need for improvements in the formulation of mortars, but in general, it was verified that the use of WTP sludge as a geopolymer precursor material is a very promising alternative for the destination of this waste, making it valuable and useful product for society.
No processo de tratamento de água para abastecimento público, realizado em estações de tratamento de água – ETAs, gera-se um resíduo convencionalmente chamado de lodo. Da mesma forma que acontece no solo, os principais constituintes do lodo de ETA são o silício (Si), o alumínio (Al) e o ferro (Fe). Tal composição permitiu sugerir que este resíduo poderia ser usado na produção de polímeros inorgânicos – os geopolímeros. Enquanto os polímeros convencionais são formados por estruturas de carbono, geopolímeros são constituídos de estruturas de Si e Al. São obtidos através da dissolução de materiais aluminossilicatos em solução altamente alcalina. Dentre as possíveis aplicações, podem ser empregados como pastas, argamassas e concretos, em substituição ao cimento Portland, o material ligante mais utilizado mundialmente na construção civil. Para verificar a adequação do lodo de ETA como material precursor geopolimérico, este resíduo foi devidamente beneficiado por meio de moagem mecânica e calcinação a 750 ° C por 6 horas, sendo caracterizado antes e após seu beneficiamento. Os resultados de análises químicas e mineralógicas comprovarem a adequação do lodo de ETA calcinado como matéria-prima geopolimérica. A fim de avaliar a influência dos mananciais de captação de água bruta nas características do lodo de ETA e, consequentemente, nas propriedades de materiais produzidos à base deste resíduo, foram coletadas amostras de lodo sob influência de dois diferentes mananciais. Com estas amostras produziu-se duas argamassas geopoliméricas. Os produtos finais foram devidamente caracterizados e os resultados comprovaram que, independentemente das peculiaridades dos mananciais, o lodo de ETA pode ser utilizado como material precursor geopolimérico. Nos ensaios térmicos, as duas argamassas produzidas exibiram indícios de comportamento refratário e se mostraram isentas de hidróxido de cálcio, portanto, pode-se inferir que são matrizes livres das ações deletérias ocasionadas por este composto. Nos ensaios de resistência mecânica, aos 28 dias de cura, atingiram 57 e 79 MPa, em média. Alguns resultados evidenciaram a necessidade de melhorias na formulação das argamassas, mas de uma forma geral, constatou-se que o aproveitamento do lodo de ETA como matéria-prima geopolimérica é uma alternativa bastante promissora para a destinação deste resíduo, podendo torná-lo um produto com valor agregado e útil para a sociedade.
Shadnia, Rasoul, and Rasoul Shadnia. "Green Geopolymer with Incorporated PCM for Energy Saving in Buildings." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622931.
Повний текст джерелаSpano, Julian. "The Development of an Amorphous Approach to Ambient Cured Blended Geopolymer Mortar Mixture Design." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82669.
Повний текст джерелаFunke, Henrik L., Sandra Gelbrich, and Lothar Kroll. "An Alkali Activated Binder for High Chemical Resistant Self-Leveling Mortar." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-211751.
Повний текст джерелаVillca, Pozo Ariel Rey. "Utilización de geopolímero para la mejora de las propiedades en morteros cal-puzolana y su empleo en países en desarrollo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/172663.
Повний текст джерела[CA] El descobriment del ciment Portland ha canviat la nostra manera de construir, però també és el responsable de grans emissions de CO¿ a l'atmosfera durant la seva fabricació (~1450 ᴼC), agreujant la crisi actual que està patint el nostre planeta degut al canvi climàtic i les seves conseqüències en tot el medi ambient. Per tant, una alternativa més sostenible en la construcció és la utilització de la calç que necessita menor temperatura per a la seva fabricació (~900 ᴼC). Si bé la introducció de putzolanes naturals o artificials en morters de calç han millorat les seves propietats mecàniques i de durabilitat, aquestes encara tenen l'inconvenient de guanyar resistències a edats llargues de curat. És per aquesta raó que en la present tesi es pretén eliminar aquest inconvenient tècnic, buscant l'associació de la calç amb nous conglomerants més sostenibles a partir de residus per a obtenir morters mixtos denominats calç/putzolana-geopolímer. Els residus estudiats van ser: el catalitzador gastat del craqueig catalític, la cendra de closca d'arròs, la terra diatomea d'origen residual i la cendra de llot de depuradora. També es va estudiar una putzolana natural provinent de la República de Guatemala. En els morters calç/putzolana (calç/FCC, calç/CCA, calç/CLD) s'ha realitzat substitucions en pes fins a un 50 % de la barreja calç/putzolana per geopolímer. El geopolímer s'obté per una combinació del FCC com a precursor i diferents activadors alcalins, sent aquests la mescla de: NaOH/Na2SiO3, NaOH/CCA, NaOH/TDN i NaOH/TDR. Els últims tres substitueixen al silicat comercial com a font de sílice alternativa. Així mateix, es van realitzar estudis a nivell mecànic i microestructural. Per als estudis microestructurals, tant de mostres endurides com de materia primera, es van emprar tècniques com: FRX, ADL, TG, DRX i FESEM. Els resultats han demostrat amb èxit que afegir petites quantitats de geopolímer sobre el sistema calç/putzolana va ser notable, pel fet que aquest va potenciar la formació dels nous productes de reacció, la qual cosa va millorar la resistència mecànica dels morters des de les primeres hores de curat, arribant a obtenir 7 vegades més de resistència que un morter control calç/putzolana en 1 dia de curat. El reemplaçament del silicat de sodi comercial per CCA, TDN, TDR, com a font de sílice, va conduir a millors acompliments del morter en termes de resistència a la compressió. A més, va reduir el coeficient d'absorció d'aigua per capil·laritat i va augmentar el temps d'exposició als cicles gel-desgel enfront dels morters activats amb activadors comercials. Finalment, els conglomerants desenvolupats en aquest estudi podrien beneficiar tant a la gestió de residus com al desenvolupament de materials de construcció més sostenibles, aportant als objectius proposats en l'Agenda 2030.
[EN] The discovery of Portland cement has changed the way we build; however, it is also responsible for large CO2 emissions into the atmosphere during its manufacturing (~ 1450 ᴼC), thereby aggravating the current crisis that our planet is suffering due to climate change and its consequences in the environment. Thus, a more sustainable alternative in construction is the use of lime that requires a lower temperature for its manufacturing (~ 900 ᴼC). The introduction of natural or artificial pozzolans in lime mortars has improved their mechanical properties and durability. Nevertheless, they present some technical disadvantages, as the low compressive strength, especially at early curing time. This thesis aims to eliminate this technical disadvantage by mixing lime with new more sustainable binders derived from waste, obtaining mixed mortars called lime/pozzolan-geopolymer The waste materials studied included fluid catalytic cracking residue (FCC), rice husk ash (CCA), residual diatomite (TDR) and sewage sludge ash (CLD). A natural pozzolan from the Republic of Guatemala was also studied. In the experimental procedure, in lime/pozzolan mortar mixtures (lime/FCC, lime/CCA, lime/CLD), up to 50% of their weight was substituted by geopolymer. The geopolymer is obtained by combining FCC as a precursor, and different alkaline activator mixtures including NaOH/Na2SiO3 (commercial waterglass), NaOH/CCA, NaOH/TDN, and NaOH/TDR, with the last three being an alternative silica source to commercial waterglass. In the same way, both mechanical and microstructural studies were carried out. The following techniques were used: XRF, ADL, TG, XRD and FESEM to assess the microstructural properties of both the raw materials and the hardened samples. The results have demonstrated that adding small amounts of geopolymer to the lime/pozzolan system was remarkable; it enhanced the formation of new reaction products, which improved the mechanical strength of the mortar from the first hours of curing, obtaining 7 times more strength than the lime/pozzolan control mortar in 1 day of curing. The replacement of commercial waterglass by CCA, TDN, TDR, as a source of silica, led to better performance of the mortar in terms of compressive strength. In addition, the coefficient of water absorption by capillarity was reduced and the exposure time during freezing-thawing cycles was increased compared to mortars activated with commercial activators. Finally, the binders developed in this study could benefit both waste management and the development of more sustainable construction materials, contributing to the objectives proposed in the 2030 Agenda.
Gracias al programa ADSIDEO-COOPERACIÓN de la Universitat Politècnica de València, que me ha brindado financiación para la presente investigación.
Villca Pozo, AR. (2021). Utilización de geopolímero para la mejora de las propiedades en morteros cal-puzolana y su empleo en países en desarrollo [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/172663
TESIS
Froener, Muriel Scopel. "Valorização de cinza de fundo por meio da síntese de ligantes geopoliméricos : otimização de traços em pasta e avaliação dos sistemas em argamassas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148735.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to valorise locally available residues, bottom ash (BA) from a thermo-electrical plant was selected as the main material within the project presented here. BA does not have any commercial value and normally it is used to refill old coal mines or it is disposed in extended basins increasing the environmental impact as well as the cost related to its transport. Also there exist convincing interests in the development of non-conventional binders, i.e. alkali-activated cements (geopolimers), which can be a feasible pathway to the valorization of different industrial wastes. When alkali-activated concrete is produced under optimal conditions, it can exhibits similar or even higher mechanical performance and durability when compared to traditional Portland cement concrete. These materials are based on aluminosilicate mineral (precursor) chemically activated by an alkaline solution (activator). Thus, this project is focused in the optimization dosage of bottom ash based geopolymers in pastes and the subsequent mortars production and assessment. Mechanical performance and some permeability properties of the developed geopolyemrs were assessed. The results showed that 15% of Na2O in respect to the bottom ash with 1,0 SiO2/Na2O molar ratio as activator produced more suitable geopolymeric paste. This material was used as a reference system for the development of the proposed project. Also mechanical treatement applied to the BA reduced x% the mean particle size obteining 7 μm and this improved up to ~95% the mechanical performance of the produced geopolymers. The inclusion of Portland cement as a secondary precursor did not have significant effect under the compressive strength when compared to the BA-based systems. Furthermore, the use of other sorces of aluminosilicates, such as aluminium anodizing sludge and spent fluid cracking catalyst, also did not presented any improvement in the analysed geopolimeric systems. BA-based systems activated at 15% of Na2O using an alkali activator solution with a Ms of 1.0 showed the lowest permability and higher mechanical performance.
Zerzouri, Maroua. "Faisabilité d’élaboration des poudres pré-géopolymères par mécanosynthèse : caractérisation physico-chimique et application aux pâtes, mortiers et enrobés bitumineux." Thesis, Université Gustave Eiffel, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UEFL2039.
Повний текст джерелаGeopolymers are inorganic materials made from compounds of natural origin (kaolin, for example), or from industrial waste (fly ash, blast furnace slag, etc.). Their excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties justify the growing interest they arouse in the construction field. However, their potential of employment remains limited due to the use, during their preparation, of highly concentrated alkaline solutions causing significant health risks and transport storage difficulty; hence it is necessary to implement solvent-free manufacturing techniques.This thesis aims to propose a new producing pre-geopolymer powders (PGP) method by “mechanosynthesis” that are easy to transport and store. Several raw materials, of different types and chemical compositions, were tested as aluminosilicate precursors (fly ash, metakaolin, blast furnace slag and clay); they were activated by different alkaline mixtures (NaOH, KOH, Na2SiO3 and CaO), at fixed mass ratios. The effect of several process parameters was considered, including milling time and speed rotation. The produced pre-geopolymer powders were then incorporated into formulations of pastes, mortars and bituminous mixes. The pastes physicochemical and mechanical properties were studied. The obtained results were compared with those of pastes made by the conventional method under the same conditions. The kinetics of pastes geopolymerization reaction were followed by infrared spectrometry in situ just after the hydration of the PGP. In addition, the indirect mechanosynthesis process has been used to improve the reactivity of clay.The results demonstrated the mechanosynthesis process efficiency for producing the pre-geopolymer powders. These give rise after hydration to geopolymer pastes with a similar structure to that of conventional geopolymers. This process has also helped to improve the mechanical performances of geopolymer products. The pre-geopolymer powders based on illitic clay, produced by indirect mechanosynthesis, give rise to pastes with mechanical resistance reaching 72.5 MPa after 28 curing days at 20 ° C and 50% of relative humidity, against 12.5 MPa for the classic case. The results obtained on slag-based mortars show mechanical strengths reaching 38 MPa after 28 curing daysFinally, the preliminary results on slag PGP-based bituminous mixes reveal better water and rutting resistance, even after 100,000 cycles, than those of the reference formulas without PGP
Carvalheiras, João António de Sousa. "Estudo da reciclagem de resíduos de fibras de vidro em geopolímeros, argamassas e telas de impermeabilização." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17198.
Повний текст джерелаDesenvolveu-se uma parceria entre a Universidade de Aveiro, Ria Blades, S.A. e Saint-Gobain Weber Portugal, S.A. com objetivo de encontrar formas de aproveitamento dos resíduos de fibra de vidro produzidos na Ria Blades, S.A., que atualmente são depositados em aterro. O trabalho incidiu em três produtos-alvo: telas de impermeabilização, argamassas e geopolímeros. No que diz respeito às telas de impermeabilização, de base polimérica (poliuretano), os resíduos foram aplicados como agente de reforço. Estudou-se o efeito da incorporação das fibras na aderência, na resistência à tração e na durabilidade perante ciclos de gelo-degelo. Quando incorporadas fibras de vidro, registou-se um aumento na aderência ao suporte relativamente à amostra padrão e um crescimento (de cerca de 20 vezes) na resistência à tração. Na incorporação em argamassas bastardas, o objetivo foi perceber o efeito da substituição das fibras poliméricas atualmente usadas, pelas fibras de vidro residuais. Estudou-se o efeito na percentagem de ar incorporado e densidade do amassado, bem como a variação de massa e de dimensão, módulo de elasticidade, resistência à compressão e flexão do produto endurecido. A incorporação de fibra de vidro não aparenta prejudicar o desempenho das argamassas, sendo os resultados semelhantes nas amostras padrão. Apesar de as quantidades incorporadas serem apenas de 0,1%, é possível que a utilização destes resíduos tenha impactos economicamente positivos para as duas empresas. Nos geopolímeros, a incorporação das fibras de vidro pretendeu explorar dois efeitos distintos: (i) como ligante, em substituição parcial de metacaulino (até 40% em massa); (ii) como agente de reforço da mistura. Numa primeira fase, foi necessário caracterizar as matérias primas e os resíduos para respeitar as razões molares que asseguram uma maior extensão da reação. Foram avaliadas a densidade aparente, resistência à compressão, absorção de água ao longo do tempo de cura e ainda a resistência à flexão no caso de as fibras funcionarem como agente de reforço. Como substituto parcial do metacaulino verifica-se uma descida na resistência à compressão com o aumento de resíduo de fibra de vidro. No entanto com a otimização da formulação com 20% de fibras de vidro foi possível duplicar o valor da resistência à compressão (> 8MPa). Como agente de reforço, os resultados mostram ganhos de resistência à compressão de 4 vezes quando se incorporam fibras de 6mm de comprimento, relativamente a amostras sem reforço. O uso de fibras mais longas (20mm) é mais eficaz no aumento da resistência à flexão.
A partnership has been developed between the University of Aveiro, Ria Blades, S.A. and Saint-Gobain Weber Portugal, S.A. in order to find a way to recycle the glass-fibre residues produced from Ria Blades, S.A. that are currently being send to landfill. Three possible target-products were exploited: waterproofing membrane, mortars and geopolymers. On the waterproofing membrane, based on polyurethane, the residues were incorporated as reinforcing agents and effects on adhesion, tensile strength and resistance to freeze-thaw cycles were determined. An increase of 20 times on the tensile strength has been registered, relatively to the standard sample. On mortars, the aim was to understand the effect of the substitution of the currently used reinforcing-fibres for the wasted glass-fibres. Fresh-state properties such as the entrained air content and density were evaluated. The effect on relevant hardened-state properties was then studied, including the variation of mass and dimensions, the compressive and flexural strengths, and elastic modulus. The behaviour of the mortars doesn’t seem to be affected by the incorporation of glass-fibres because the results from both the mortars with and without glass-fibres are similar. Although the quantity of incorporated glass-fibres is only around 0,1%, its use may have positive economic benefits for both companies. In geopolymers, the incorporation of wasted glass-fibres aimed to explore two distinct effects: (i) use as binder, partially substituting the metakaolin (up to 40 wt.%); (ii) use as reinforcing agent of common matrixes. On the first stage it was necessary to characterize both the raw materials and the glass-fibres, in order to achieve the desirable molar ratios that assure an extended reaction. Hardened samples were characterized in terms of density, compressive strength and water absorption. In the attempted reinforced geopolymers the flexural strength was additionally tested. When the glass-fibres were used as partial substitute of metakaolin, a drop of the compressive strength was observed for higher contents of glass-fibres. Optimizing the mixture for 20 % of glass-fibres allowed to duplicate the compressive strength (> 8 MPa). When 6 mm glass-fibres were used as a reinforcing agent, the compressive strength increased 4 times when compared to samples without reinforcement. Using 20 mm fibres is the most effective way of improving flexural strength.
WU, XUAN-HUANG, and 吳璿熀. "Development of Durability of Rapid Test Method for Concrete Materials and Application on Cement and Geopolymer Mortars." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f9dk8f.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
資源工程研究所
107
Concrete is a common engineering material, which has the advantages of large construction compatibility, low cost, good pressure resistance and good durability. Recently, many high-performance materials have flourished, with special emphasis on carbon reduction and energy saving advantages, such as geopolymer materials, which may be the alternative to new generations of concrete. The evaluation of the engineering characteristics of these materials is based on the test methods of traditional concrete. Many of the test processes are time-consuming and often have a divergent result that the results are very different and cannot be inferred. The evaluation of the engineering properties of high-performance materials requires the development of more appropriate test methods. In order to effectively test the durability of engineering materials, this study aims to accelerate the test of weathering environment and rapid penetration characteristics, develop a test method, select cement mortar and geopolymer mortar samples as samples, establish test operation procedures, and evaluate specimen weathering. The degree of correlation between process permeability characteristics and mechanical property parameters is applied to the durability of cement and inorganic polymerization mortar. The test results show that with the increase of weathering degree, the cement mortar and the different proportion of geopolymer mortar specimens have uniaxial compressive strength reduction, and the permeability coefficient increases. The uniaxial compressive strength and permeability coefficient change negatively. Relevant trends, consistent with previous studies, indicate that this research development test method can provide a rapid assessment of the durability of geopolymer materials and similar high-performance materials. The hydraulic mortar of the test mortar used in this test is subjected to hydraulic penetration after accelerated weathering test. The permeability coefficient is bounded by 10-9 m/s-10-12 m/s, which is about 10 to 100 times. The gas permeability coefficient is between 10-13-10-16 m2, which is about 1-4 times of weathering. The compressive strength is between 13-27 MPa. After the accelerated weathering test, the 4 Mohr marble geopolymer has a hydraulic permeability coefficient bound to 10-13 m/s-10-7 m/s, which is about 106 times, and the gas permeability coefficient is between 10-13 m2. The change is not obvious, and the compressive strength is between 6-20 MPa. After the accelerated weathering test, the 6 Mohr marble geopolymer has a hydraulic permeability coefficient bound to 10-13 m/s-10-7 m/s, which is about 105-106 times, and the gas permeability coefficient is 10-13 m2. During the period, the change is not obvious, and the compressive strength is between 10 and 39 MPa. After the accelerated weathering test, the fly ash geopolymer has a hydraulic permeability coefficient bound to 10-13 m/s-10-7 m/s, which is about 102-105 times, and the gas permeability coefficient is 10-13 m2. During the period, the change is not obvious, and the compressive strength is between 15 and 19 MPa. After the weathering test, the weathering effect of the gas and hydraulic permeability characteristics of the mortar material has a similar trend change. The mechanical properties may be cracked except for the cement mortar which undergoes the hydration reaction, and the strength is deteriorated rapidly. There is an inconspicuous recurve point, which may be caused by leaching, and when the 4 Mohr marble inorganic polymerization mortar is tested after weathering, the test body is easily destroyed, and it is speculated that it may reach the critical value of the test strength. The cement mortar is higher than the sand in the two weathering environments, and the water is higher than the sand. The weathering effect is not obvious. The weathering environment is the same as the water sand and the high, but the weathering frequency increases and rising slowly. In terms of wear effect, the contact area between the sand and the test piece has a certain influence, which indirectly represents the influence of the amount of abrasive sand on the weathering effect. In addition, attempts to add physical property test and chloride ion concentration test, because the cement mortar, inorganic polymerization mortar, the physical properties of the results are not far from the obvious trend change; water-soluble chloride ion concentration, cement mortar with the increase in the number of cycles has an upward trend, 4M marble inorganic polymerization mortar has a downward trend, but the trend of 6M marble inorganic polymerization mortar is not obvious. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the physical property test and water-soluble chloride ion concentration as the durability evaluation standard.
Chen, Zih-Cian, and 陳子謙. "Engineering Properties of Composite Geopolymer Mortar." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5q6e4w.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
100
In this study, the slag and metakaolin which contain rich elements of silica and aluminium were used to manufacture three types of composite geopolymer: Type A (70% metakaolin and 30% slag), Type B (30% metakaolin and 70% slag) and Type C (100% slag). Both the sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution were used as the activators. Type A composite geopolymer uses three water glass moduli of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0, three concentrations of alkali activator (11, 13 and 15%) and three water-to-solid ratios (0.55, 0.60 and 0.65), while Types B and C use the water glass moduli of 0.6 and 0.7, the e amount of alkali activator of 9% and 7%, and the water-to-solid ratios of 0.45 and 0.33, respectively. The engineering properties of flowability, initial and final setting times and polymerization temperature at the fresh state and the compressive strength, dynamic elastic and shear moduli, ultrasonic pulse speed, dry shrinkage and thermal properties at hardened for Type A composited geopolymer were studied. But only the engineering properties at hardened state for Types B and C were investigated. The results of study show that: 1. The flowablity of Type A composite geopolymer increases with the increase of the concentration of activator and water-to-solid ratio to reach a best flowability ratio of 125%. The increase of water glass modulus and activator concentration and decrease of water-to-solid ratio tend to reduce the setting times and increase the polymerization temperature with a shortest final setting time of 1.8 hours and a highest temperature of 81oC. 2. The dynamic elastic and shear moduli, ultrasonic pulse speed and thermal conductivity of Types A, B and C geopolymer increase with the increase of sand content with 15%, 96%, 74%, and 11%, 110%, 73%, and 21%, 16%, 9%, and 100%, 48%, 65%, respectively. But both the compressive strength and dry shrinkage decrease with the increase of sand content with 23%, 10%, 22%, and 74%, 35%, 62%, respective. 3. Type A composite geopolymer exhibits a state of uniform shrinkage, but Types B and C show a state of uneven shrinkage.
Ho, Van Dac. "Development of Next-Generation Construction Materials with Graphene Additives." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/128468.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, 2020
Li, Ti-Chun, and 李梯群. "Effect of Coal Fly Ash Source on the Properties of GBFS/FA-Based Geopolymer Mortar." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pmz9xa.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
資源工程研究所
106
Global warming is a controversial problem worldwide and the cement industry’s annual carbon dioxide emissions account for 5%–7% of the world’s emissions. Therefore, to solve this problem, discovering an alternative material to replace cement is vital. Numerous studies have considered geopolymer as a material that can replace cement in the future because it has excellent mechanical properties. Many resources exist that are rich in silicon and aluminum and can therefore be used as raw material. However, the same type of raw materials from different sources may cause the mechanical properties of geopolymer to differ. Thus, the present study investigated the performance of a geopolymer that was manufactured using coal fly ash from different sources. First, geopolymer paste was produced from different sources of coal fly ash (Linkou, Xingda, and Dalin Power Plants), and the difference between workability and mechanical strength in each series was discussed. Second, we used different sources of coal fly ash and added an aggregate to manufacture a geopolymer mortar that could reduce the effects of IV environmental factors, and then we changed the parameter of the alkali solution (SiO2/Na2O molar ratio and SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio) to explore the mortar’s influence on workability and its mechanical properties. Finally, we comprehensively discussed workability, mechanical strength, durability, and structural differences in different sources of geopolymer, and investigated the effect of different factors on the main properties through variance analysis. The results indicated that the smaller the particle size of coal fly ash with a short hardening time, the faster the dehydration speed and greater the strength compared with time. The higher the amorphous value of the different sources of fly ash, the greater the reactivity and higher the mechanical strength. In addition, the change in the SiO2/Na2O molar ratio had little effect on the mechanical properties of the alkali solution. Regarding the change of SiO2/Na2O molar ratio, adding the A1 source yielded a longer hardening time of the geopolymer mortar, but the strength and durability of the mortar were greater than those that the Al source were not added to. In terms of structure, it can be observed from FT-IR that the geopolymer produced by different coal fly ash samples had a characteristic shift of Si-O to the position of Si-OT compared with the peak of the raw material. The characteristics that were more obvious denoted that the structure of the geopolymer was produced. According to the variation analysis, the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of the alkali solution was the main influencing factor of hardening time and durability, and the different sources of fly ash were due to the different amorphous values, which affected the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar.
Gholampour, Aliakbar. "Development of Eco-Friendly and High Performance Construction Materials and Technologies." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120432.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, 2019
Cunha, Mário Jorge Forte Martins. "Durabilidade de geopolímeros monofásicos." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/30909.
Повний текст джерелаTendo em conta que o consumo de cimento Portland aumenta ano após ano, levando ao aumento das emissões de CO2 na produção do mesmo, torna-se necessário encontrar novos materiais ligantes alternativos mais eco-eficientes. Segundo estudos realizados com materiais de ativação alcalina (também designados por geopolímeros), estes possuem maiores resistências do ponto de vista mecânico, têm maior durabilidade e estabilidade, e atingem estes comportamentos com maior rapidez do que os materiais à base de cimento Portland. Geopolímeros monofásicos é a designação dada para um novo e recente tipo de geopolímeros objeto de estudo nesta dissertação, diferendo dos geopolímeros clássicos por não conterem silicatos de sódio, constituinte responsável por uma elevada pegada carbónica. O presente trabalho de investigação tem como principal objetivo determinar a durabilidade de novas argamassas geopoliméricas, de forma a verificar se são mais ou menos vantajosas relativamente ao cimento Portland e relativamente a outras argamassas geopoliméricas, mas também para servir como termo de comparação para novas misturas que possam surgir nesta área. Nesta dissertação apresentam-se resultados sobre a trabalhabilidade, ensaios de resistência à compressão e à flexão, e sobre alguns parâmetros de durabilidade avaliados com recurso ao ensaio de absorção de água por capilaridade, de absorção de água por imersão, e de resistência ao ataque químico, em argamassas de cimento Portland, argamassas de cimento Portland com cinzas volantes e argamassas de geopolímeros monofásicos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as argamassas de geopolímeros monofásicos possuem resistências mecânicas inferiores às argamassas de cimento Portland. No entanto as argamassas geopoliméricas com 4% de metacaulino e hidróxido de sódio apresentam desempenhos muito próximos dos resultados obtidos para cimentos Portland, sendo até mesmos superiores no ensaio de absorção de água por imersão.
Given that the consumption of Portland cement increases year after year, leading to an increase in CO2 emissions in the production of the same, it is necessary to find new and eco-efficient alternative binder materials. According to studies performed with materials, alkaline activation (also know as geopolymers), they have greater mechanical resistance, have increased durability and achieve these behaviors faster than Portland cement based materials. One-part geopolymers is the name given to a new and recent type of geopolymers studied in the present dissertation. They differ from classic geopolymers because they do not contain sodium silicate, which is responsible for a high carbon footprint. The current research work had as main objective to assess the durability of the new one-part geopolymeric mortars in order to verify whether they are more or less advantageous than Portland cement mortars or other classic geopolymeric mortars. And also to serve as reference work for future mixtures in this field. This dissertation presents results on workability, compressive and flexural strength and also on some durability parameters assessed with capillary water absorption test, water absorption by immersion test, and resistance to chemical attack in Portland cement mortars, Portland cement mortars with fly ash and one-part geopolymers mortars. The results show that the one-part geopolymeric mortars show mechanical resistances lower than Portland cement mortars, however one-part geopolymeric mortars with 4% metakaolin and sodium hydroxide exhibit performances very similar to the ones obtained with Portland cement mortars, even superior in terms of water absorption by immersion.
Mendes, Jorge Alexandre da Silva Ribeiro. "Argamassas geopoliméricas para reparação de betões expostos a ataques de ácidos." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/36256.
Повний текст джерелаOs geopolìmeros surgem como materiais com potencial, capazes de responder a alguns dos problemas ambientais criados por materiais como o cimento Portland. A necessidade de reparação de infraestruturas construídas com betão de cimento Portland, que devido às funções que desempenham, apresentam problemas de deterioração precoce, está na origem de impactos tanto económicos como ambientais. Abrindo desta forma, uma porta à criação de revestimentos mais duráveis. Os geopolímeros devido às suas características, tornaramse nesse âmbito um material preferencial. Neste estudo tenta-se perceber então a aplicabilidade dos geopolímeros enquanto material de revestimento capaz de reabilitar infraestruturas industriais, e tendo como alvo principal a proteção dos ácidos. Procedeu-se numa primeira fase a uma escolha das melhores misturas das argamassas geopoliméricas com cinzas volantes e metacaulino, utilizando para isso ensaios de compressão/flexão, absorção de água por imersão e por capilaridade. E numa segunda fase, procedeu-se ao ensaio químico utilizando para isso três ácidos com diferentes concentrações (10%, 20% e 30%) sobre os revestimentos de argamassas e de tintas, bem como de provetes de betão sem qualquer revestimento. Verificou-se que os geopolímeros com cinzas volantes apresentaram resultados muito positivos para concentrações em meio ácido menores que 30%, observando-se em média perdas de massa de 1.2%. O material com melhores resultados foi a resina epoxídica com perdas de 0.8%. Em contraposição apresentou-se o betão convencional com perdas de 11.1% e as argamassas geopoliméricas com metacaulino com 41.3% de perda de massa. Tendo em conta o seu desempenho e principalmente os seus custos, as argamassas geopoliméricas à base de cinzas volantes, revelaram ser uma opção com potencial para reparações de infraestruturas em indústrias que envolvem a produção ou a utilização de ácidos. Apesar da resina epoxídica ter apresentado bons resultados na resistência ao ataque em meio ácido, o seu rácio custo/eficiência é quase 70% superior à solução com revestimento de argamassas geopoliméricas à base de cinzas volantes.
Geopolymers come out as a material fully capable of attending most of the environmental needs arisen by the Portland cement. The need to repair infrastructure constructed using Portland concrete, due to the functions that they perform, lead to problems of premature deterioration witch creates both economic and environmental impacts. This leads to a necessity of coating the support, the geopolymer due to the known properties is a preferred material. This study attempt to test the viability of geopolymer coating as being able to rehabilitate the industrial infrastructure primarily targeting acid attacks protection. Compression / flexion tests and absorption of water by immersion and capillary action were used to select the best mixes of geopolymer based mortars with fly ash and metakaolin. The second fase was carried out using the chemical test for the three more common acids with diferent concentrations (10%, 20% and 30%) on coatings with mortars and paints and on concrete specimens without any cladding. It was verified that the geopolymer with fly ash showed very positive results, for acid concentrations lower than 30%, yielding an average mass loss of 1.2%. The material with the best results was the one with the epoxy resin having a 0.8% loss, in contrast to conventional concrete which had losses of 11.1% and geopolymeric mortar with metakaolin that presented a 41.3% of mass loss. Overall cases sulfuric acid caused the greatest losses, on the other hand hydrochloric acid was where the losses were minor. Attending to the performance and mainly to its costs, the geopolymer mortar with fly ash appear to be an option with potencial to industrial infrastructures repair which concern the production or the usage of acids. In spite of showing good results concerning the resistance to acid attack, the epoxi resin based solution ratio (cost/efficiency) is around 70% superior to the concrete pavement coated with fly ash based geopolymer mortar.
Costa, Pedro Gaspar Sampaio Fernandes Silva. "Análise de argamassas geopoliméricas expostas a temperaturas elevadas em edifícios industriais." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/36383.
Повний текст джерелаO cimento Portland é um elemento fundamental para o fabrico de estruturas de betão. Embora apresente valores de resistência mecânica muito satisfatórios, entre outras características muito positivas, tem uma desvantagem clara de ser um produto muito pouco sustentável. O sector da construção civil é dos sectores mais poluentes a nível mundial, fazendo com que a sustentabilidade do mesmo se torne um fator chave e de interesse para toda a comunidade científica. Como alternativa viável para um produto já muito enraizado na sociedade, surge a obrigação de procurar novos caminhos sustentáveis e apelativos economicamente. Como tal, no âmbito desta dissertação pretende-se colmatar algumas das deficiências do betão, tanto a nível das suas características como a nível ecológico, os materiais obtidos por ativação alcalina surgem como uma alternativa apetecível, incidindo o estudo na sua elevada resistência a altas temperaturas. Foram analisadas seis argamassas geopoliméricas tendo em vista encontrar dois geopolímeros com características idênticas ou superiores às do cimento Portland. Na constituição das argamassas geopoliméricas a molaridade do hidróxido de sódio variou entre 10M, 14M e 18M assim como o ligante, três argamassas compostas por cinzas volantes e nas restantes três com metacaulino, todas elas sujeitas a uma variação de quatro temperaturas (20 ºC, 200 ºC, 500 ºC e 800 ºC). As argamassas geopoliméricas cujo ligante foi o metacaulino apresentam resultados muito interessantes a nível de resistências à flexão sujeitas a temperatura de 20 ºC e 200 ºC, superiores às compostas por cinzas volantes, contudo à medida que a temperatura sobe (500 ºC e 800 ºC), as argamassas com o ligante cinzas volantes apresentam resistências mais elevadas e surpreendentes aos 800 ºC. Em relação à resistência à flexão, os resultados para ambos os ligantes aos 20 ºC e 200 ºC são bastante semelhantes, com a mesma tendência à medida que a temperatura aumenta os geopolímeros constituídos por cinzas volantes têm resistências muito mais consistentes. A análise da microestrutura confirma que as argamassas geopoliméricas à base de cinzas volantes apresentam um maior número de microporos os quais explicam a menor perda de resistência destas quando sujeitas a temperaturas elevadas.
The Portland cement is fundamental for the manufacture of concrete constructions element. Although having values very satisfactory of mechanical strength and other characteristics very positive, has a clear disadvantage of being a little sustainable product. The construction sector is the most polluting industries worldwide, making the sustainability of it becomes a key factor of interest to the entire scientific community. As a viable alternative to a product already deeply rooted in the society, the obligation to look for new sustainable and economically desirable paths arises. As such within this dissertation seek to address some of the deficiencies of the concrete, both in terms of its characteristics as the ecological level, the materials obtained by alkaline activation emerge as a desirable alternative, focusing the study on their high resistance to high temperatures. In the constitution of the geopolymeric mortars molarity of the sodium hydroxide ranged from 10M, 14M and 18M and the binder composed of three fly ash and the remaining three with metakaolin mortars, all subject to a variation of four different temperatures (20 ºC, 200 ºC, 500 ºC and 800 ºC). The geopolymeric mortars whose binder is metakaolin presented very interesting results in terms of flexural subjected to a temperature of 20 °C and 200 °C, higher than those composed of fly ash, however, with the temperature rises (500 °C and 800 °C) the mortar with fly ash binder have higher resistances and surprising for 800 ºC. Regarding the flexural strength, the results for both binders at 20 ºC and 200 °C are quite similar, with the same tendency as the temperature increases geopolymers consisting of fly ash are much more consistent resistance. The microestruture analysis shows that the geopolymeric mortars based on fly ash have a higher number of micropores. This helps to explain why those mortars have a lower strength loss when submitted to high temperatures.
Cunha, Tiago Félix Rua Frazão da. "Desenvolvimento de geopolímeros porosos para isolamentos térmicos não tóxicos." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/36420.
Повний текст джерелаOs geopolìmeros surgem como materiais com potencial, capazes de responder a alguns dos problemas ambientais criados por materiais como o cimento Portland. A necessidade de reparação de infraestruturas construídas com betão de cimento Portland, que devido às funções que desempenham, apresentam problemas de deterioração precoce, está na origem de impactos tanto económicos como ambientais. Abrindo desta forma, uma porta à criação de revestimentos mais duráveis. Os geopolímeros devido às suas características, tornaramse nesse âmbito um material preferencial. Neste estudo tenta-se perceber então a aplicabilidade dos geopolímeros enquanto material de revestimento capaz de reabilitar infraestruturas industriais, e tendo como alvo principal a proteção dos ácidos. Procedeu-se numa primeira fase a uma escolha das melhores misturas das argamassas geopoliméricas com cinzas volantes e metacaulino, utilizando para isso ensaios de compressão/flexão, absorção de água por imersão e por capilaridade. E numa segunda fase, procedeu-se ao ensaio químico utilizando para isso três ácidos com diferentes concentrações (10%, 20% e 30%) sobre os revestimentos de argamassas e de tintas, bem como de provetes de betão sem qualquer revestimento. Verificou-se que os geopolímeros com cinzas volantes apresentaram resultados muito positivos para concentrações em meio ácido menores que 30%, observando-se em média perdas de massa de 1.2%. O material com melhores resultados foi a resina epoxídica com perdas de 0.8%. Em contraposição apresentou-se o betão convencional com perdas de 11.1% e as argamassas geopoliméricas com metacaulino com 41.3% de perda de massa. Tendo em conta o seu desempenho e principalmente os seus custos, as argamassas geopoliméricas à base de cinzas volantes, revelaram ser uma opção com potencial para reparações de infraestruturas em indústrias que envolvem a produção ou a utilização de ácidos. Apesar da resina epoxídica ter apresentado bons resultados na resistência ao ataque em meio ácido, o seu rácio custo/eficiência é quase 70% superior à solução com revestimento de argamassas geopoliméricas à base de cinzas volantes.
Geopolymers come out as a material fully capable of attending most of the environmental needs arisen by the Portland cement. The need to repair infrastructure constructed using Portland concrete, due to the functions that they perform, lead to problems of premature deterioration witch creates both economic and environmental impacts. This leads to a necessity of coating the support, the geopolymer due to the known properties is a preferred material. This study attempt to test the viability of geopolymer coating as being able to rehabilitate the industrial infrastructure primarily targeting acid attacks protection. Compression / flexion tests and absorption of water by immersion and capillary action were used to select the best mixes of geopolymer based mortars with fly ash and metakaolin. The second fase was carried out using the chemical test for the three more common acids with diferent concentrations (10%, 20% and 30%) on coatings with mortars and paints and on concrete specimens without any cladding. It was verified that the geopolymer with fly ash showed very positive results, for acid concentrations lower than 30%, yielding an average mass loss of 1.2%. The material with the best results was the one with the epoxy resin having a 0.8% loss, in contrast to conventional concrete which had losses of 11.1% and geopolymeric mortar with metakaolin that presented a 41.3% of mass loss. Overall cases sulfuric acid caused the greatest losses, on the other hand hydrochloric acid was where the losses were minor. Attending to the performance and mainly to its costs, the geopolymer mortar with fly ash appear to be an option with potencial to industrial infrastructures repair which concern the production or the usage of acids. In spite of showing good results concerning the resistance to acid attack, the epoxi resin based solution ratio (cost/efficiency) is around 70% superior to the concrete pavement coated with fly ash based geopolymer mortar.
Marques, Vera Lúcia Sousa. "Reforço de alvenaria usando matrizes inorgânicas." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/36433.
Повний текст джерелаAs construções de alvenaria antiga são hoje em dia um foco importante na área da construção dado o seu valor histórico, social e cultural. Assim sendo, este sector tem demonstrado uma maior preocupação na sua preservação com recurso a materiais compósitos para reforço das mesmas. No entanto a informação relativa a estes materiais, é escassa, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à sua aderência ao substrato. Os materiais compósitos, de entre os quais os já conhecidos FRPs, são compostos por uma matriz e fibras. Sendo que nesta dissertação os materiais utilizados são, como substrato, o tijolo, as fibras são metálicas, de vidro e naturais (linho), e a matriz é à base de uma argamassa de cal e uma outra geopolimérica. Com esta tese pretende-se substituir a tradicional matriz de resina, para começar a utilizar matrizes inorgânicas com base em ligantes não cimentícios, de modo a garantir uma boa aderência desta ao substrato, e também de modo a preservar as propriedades das fibras. Ao longo desta dissertação são apresentados ensaios experimentais, com vista a caracterizar o comportamento mecânico dos materiais pertencentes ao compósito, quer individualmente, quer no seu conjunto.
The Ancient Masonry buildings are nowadays an important focus in the construction field, because of their historical, social and cultural importance. Therefore this industry has shown a great concern in its preservation using Composite Materials as reinforcement. However the information about this material is poor, particularly regarding to its bond to the substrate. The Composite Materials, like the well known FRPs, are composed of a matrix and fibers. The used materials in this thesis are, as substrate, the brick, as fibers, metallic, glass and natural (flax) fiber, and the matrix is based in a lime mortar and in a geopolymeric mortar. In this thesis is intended to leave the traditional resin, to start using inorganic matrices based on binders, in order to provide a good bond to the substrate, and also preserving the fibers properties. In the course of this dissertation experimental tests are presented, which aim to characterize the mechanical behavior of the materials that belong to the composite, individually and all together.