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1
Et. al., P. Suresh Chandra,. "Dynamic and Analysis of A Geo-Polymer Concrete Structure." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (March 21, 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.303.
Анотація:
The standard portland cement (OPC) was traditionally used as the binding agent in concrete. However it is also important to find alternative emissions-free concrete binding agents to reduce environmental damage caused by cement manufacturing. Geopolymers, also known as inorganic polymers, use byproducts like fly ash rather than cement. Recent studies have shown that geopolymer concrete based on fly ash has enough properties for use. As the geopolymer strength mechanism is different from the OPC binder, an appropriate constituent model for geopolymer concrete must be obtained in order to predict the load-deflection behavior and strength of geopolymer concrete structural components. A number of problems faced with today's cement industry are addressed by geopolymer binders. These binders have similar or better engineering qualities in comparison with cement and can use many types of waste materials.
This project describes the seismic analysis of buildings with high-rise structures, the model of residential G+10 buildings with traditional concrete and geopolymer concrete properties is modelled and analysis is carried out using the response spectra method considering the position of the building in zone III, this analysis would generate the effect of higher vibration modes and real force distribution in elastic range. Test results include maximum story shifts, maximum story drifts, story shears and story stiffness, and an efficient lateral load resistance system, helping to establish whether geo-polymer concrete can be used in high-rise building construction as dynamic loads are included in the high-rise structures
2
Kavya, M. Sri, R. Satyanarayana, N. Vamshi Krishna, T. Jayanth, and G. Prem Kumar. "Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Geo–Polymer Concrete Using Flyash." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 2769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60513.
Анотація:
Abstract: Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a new material in the construction industry, with different chemical compositions and reactions involved in a binding material. The pozzolanic materials (industrial waste like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and rice husk ash), which contain high silica and alumina, work as binding materials in the mix. Geopolymer concrete is economical, low energy consumption, thermally stable, easily workable, ecofriendly, cementless, and durable. GPC reduces carbon footprints by using industrial solid waste like slag, fly ash, and rice husk ash. Around one tons of carbon dioxide emissions produced one tons of cement that directly polluted the environment and increased the world’s temperature by increasing greenhouse gas production. For sustainable construction, GPC reduces the use of cement and finds the alternative of cement for the material’s binding property. So, the geopolymer concrete is an alternative to Portland cement concrete and it is a potential material having large commercial value and for sustainable development in Indian construction industries. The comprehensive survey of the literature shows that geopolymer concrete is a perfect alternative to Portland cement concrete because it has better physical, mechanical, and durable properties. Geopolymer concrete is highly resistant to acid, sulphate, and salt attack. Geopolymer concrete plays a vital role in the construction industry through its use in bridge construction, high-rise buildings, highways, tunnels, dams, and hydraulic structures, because of its high performance. It can be concluded from the review that sustainable development is achieved by employing geopolymers in Indian construction industries, because it results in lower CO2 emissions, optimum utilization of natural resources, utilization of waste materials, is more cost-effective in long life infrastructure construction, and, socially, in financial benefits and employment generation.
3
Sai Ketana, Nutakki, V. Srinivasa Reddy, M. V. Seshagiri Rao, and S. Shrihari. "Mathematical model for predicting stress-strain behavior of low calcium fly-ash based geopolymer concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901103.
Анотація:
The focus of the study was to identify the stress strain behavior of geo polymer concrete and salient parameters that influence the mixture proportions and the properties of low calcium fly ash- based geo polymers concrete. To develop geopolymer concrete the chemical proportions are alkaline liquid solution/fly-ash ratio=0.5, Sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide ratio=2.5,16M NaOH and SiO2/Na2O ratio=2.0. The geopolymer concrete mixes have shown improved stress values for the same strain levels compared to that of controlled concrete mix. Normalized stress strain curves are used to compare the behaviours of geopolymer concrete. It can be observed that geopolymer concrete has improved strains for the same stress when compared to conventional concrete. Geopolymer concrete mixes have shown improved stress values for the same strain levels compared to that of controlled concrete mixes.
4
Uthayakumar, Marimuthu, Ponnambalam Balamurugan, Kinga Korniejenko, Szymon Gądek, and Dariusz Mierzwiński. "Abrasive water jet machining of fly ash and metakaolin based geo-polymers." MATEC Web of Conferences 322 (2020): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032201020.
Анотація:
In the present study, the abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) of geopolymers prepared from fly ash, metakaolin and sand is discussed. The samples were prepared from sodium promoter, fly ash / metakaolin and sand. The process of activation was made using a 10M sodium hydroxide solution combined with a sodium silicate solution (the ratio of liquid glass - 1:2.5). To produce geopolymers, flakes of technical sodium hydroxide were used and an aqueous solution of sodium silicate (R-145) with a molar module of 2.5 and a density of around 1.45 g/cm3 the tap water. The alkaline solution was prepared by means of pouring the aqueous solution of sodium silicate over the solid sodium hydroxide. The solution was mixed and left until its temperature stablised and the concentrations equalised, which took around 2 hours. The fly ash, sand and alkaline solution were mixed for around 10 minutes using a low-speed mixing machine (in order to obtain a homogeneous paste). The paste was allowed to dry in the shade. The paper investigates the AWJM studies on the prepared geopolymer specimens with varyied input parameters such as standoff distance (1.2 and 3 mm), water pressure (120, 140 and 160 MPa) and feed rate (5, 10 and 15 mm/min). The output parameters such as kerf angle and material removal rate (MRR) were studied with the varying combination of input parameters. From the results, the optimal parameters for machining the geopolymer composites were interpreted.
5
Reddy, Gadikota Chennakesava, and KHK Reddy. "Strength and Durability Studies of Geo-Polymer Concrete in the presence of Marine Water." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1280, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1280/1/012022.
Анотація:
Abstract Geopolymer concrete represents an innovative and eco-friendly alternative to conventional concrete, with the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the construction industry. Extensive research has explored the strength and durability properties of both geopolymer concrete and control concretes made with ordinary Portland cement. Compared to its traditional counterpart, geopolymer concrete exhibits a substantially lower carbon footprint by utilizing industrial byproducts - namely fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) - as replacements for traditional cement. The present study synthesized geopolymer concrete mixes using Class F fly ash alongside alkaline activators. Following heat-curing at 75°C for 24 hours, the geopolymer concrete had cured, enabling subsequent strength and durability testing to proceed. A comprehensive tests assessed key parameters including compressive strength, sulphate resistance, acid resistance, water absorption, and chloride ion permeability. Test results demonstrated that the inclusion of fly ash and GGBS to synthesize geopolymer concrete significantly enhanced the acid resistance and overall durability compared to control concretes, in addition to reducing the carbon footprint. The outcomes highlight the promise of geopolymer concrete as a sustainable construction material that retains mechanical strength while enhancing durability.
6
Al-Ghouti, Mohammad A., Mariam Khan, Mustafa S. Nasser, Khalid Al Saad, and OON Ee Heng. "Application of geopolymers synthesized from incinerated municipal solid waste ashes for the removal of cationic dye from water." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): e0239095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239095.
Анотація:
In this study, municipal solid waste bottom ash (MSW-BA) and fly ash (MSW-FA) were used as a source of aluminosilicate to prepare geopolymer (GEO) adsorbents (GEO-MSWBA and GEO-MSWFA) for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from water. The effects of temperature, pH, and initial concentration on the MB adsorption onto GEO-MSWBA and GEO-MSWFA were evaluated. The adsorption isotherms parameters and thermodynamics were also determined. Detailed physical and chemical characterizations of the prepared adsorbents were carried out to further understand their impact on MB adsorption. The results from the scanning electron microscopy revealed a uniform granule-sphere like structure on both prepared geopolymers, which would facilitate the MB adsorption onto the adsorbents. The X-ray diffraction allowed observation of the microstructural transformations that occur after the alkaline activation. The surface areas of the GEO-MSWBA and the GEO-MSWFA were recorded as 32.78 m2/g and 4.5 m2/g, respectively. From the Fourier transform infrared, a stretching vibration of the aluminosilicate tetrahedral was observed, which indicated the success of geopolymerization. The prepared geopolymers showed a high capability of MB adsorption from an aqueous solution. The adsorption process was best suited and explained using the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 666.7 mg/g for the GEO-MSWBA (at 25°C) and 769.2 mg/g for the GEO-MSWFA (at 35°C). The positive value of the enthalpy (ΔHo) for the GEO-MSWBA suggested the reaction favored endothermic reaction while the negative value of entropy (ΔSo) indicated a solid/liquid random interaction. On the other hand, the negative ΔHo value for the GEO-MSWFA indicated the reaction followed an exothermic reaction causing energy to be released, the positive ΔSo value indicated a good affinity at the solid-liquid surface. The overall negative value for Gibbs free energy (ΔGo) for both adsorbents suggested the adsorption was spontaneous and feasible. It was also inferred that n- π interaction, direct and indirect hydrogen bond, and electrostatic interaction between the MB and the prepared geopolymers facilitated the adsorption process. The current study shows that the GEO-MSWBA and the GEO-MSWFA have a great potential of removing MB as a cationic dye from water without performing any sort of laborious pretreatments.
7
Ndagi, Abubakar, and Mohd Saleh Jaafar. "Geo-Polymer Binder as Portland Cement Alternative: Challenges, Current Developments and Future Prospects." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 31, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2019-31(2)-12.
Анотація:
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), a material which built the world is now devastating it. Environmental impact has raised concerns over its continued usage while its multifaceted problems are also biting the production companies hard. Hence, alternative geopolymer binder has demonstrated excellent properties to stand ordinary Portland cement even though it is still being faced with technical drawbacks. Therefore, these paper reviews attempt made on improving discoveries and understanding about proper implementation of geopolymer binder. The geopolymer binder is curable at ambient temperature by the use of Fly Ash/Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) blend. This has been an alternative have been discovered for cheaper activating solutions rather than the expensive Sodium Hydroxide/Sodium Silicate solution. However, various of chemical composition known as Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) still an issues to fabricate a geopolymer binder.
8
Subaer, Subaer, Hamzah Fansuri, Abdul Haris, Misdayanti, Resky Irfanita, Imam Ramadhan, Yulprista Putri, and Agung Setiawan. "Pervaporation Membranes for Seawater Desalination Based on Geo–rGO–TiO2 Nanocomposites. Part 1: Microstructure Properties." Membranes 11, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120966.
Анотація:
This is the first of two papers about the synthesis and microstructure properties of the Geo–rGO–TiO2 ternary nanocomposite, which was designed to suit the criteria of a pervaporation membrane for seawater desalination. The performance and capability of Geo–rGO–TiO2 as a seawater desalination pervaporation membrane are described in the second paper. A geopolymer made from alkali-activated metakaolin was utilized as a binder for the rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite. A modified Hummer’s method was used to synthesize graphene oxide (GO), and a hydrothermal procedure on GO produced reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The adopted approach yielded high-quality GO and rGO, based on Raman spectra results. The nanolayered structure of GO and rGO is revealed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images. The Geo–rGO–TiO2 ternary nanocomposite was created by dispersing rGO nanosheets and TiO2 nanoparticles into geopolymer paste and stirring it for several minutes. The mixture was then cured in a sealed mold at 70 °C for one hour. After being demolded, the materials were kept for 28 days before being characterized. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed that the geopolymer matrix efficiently bonded the rGO and TiO2, creating nanocomposites. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to examine the morphology of the outer layer and cross-sections of nanocomposites, and the results displayed that rGO were stacked on the surface as well as in the bulk of the geopolymer and will potentially function as nanochannels with a width of around 0.36 nm, while TiO2 NPs covered the majority of the geopolymer matrix, assisting in anti-biofouling of the membranes. The pores structure of the Geo–rGO–TiO2 were classified as micro–meso pores using the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) method, indicating that they are appropriate for use as pervaporation membranes. The mechanical strength of the membranes was found to be adequate to withstand high water pressure during the pervaporation process. The addition of rGO and TiO2 NPs was found to improve the hyropobicity of the Geo–rGO–TiO2 nanocomposite, preventing excessive seawater penetration into the membrane during the pervaporation process. The results of this study elucidate that the Geo–rGO–TiO2 nanocomposite has a lot of potential for application as a pervaporation membrane for seawater desalination because all of the initial components are widely available and inexpensive.
9
Rathour, Toshan Singh. "Strength and Durability of Geo-Polymer Concrete with Mineral Admixture." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39899.
Анотація:
Abstract: It is important to durable of structure and reduce co2 emission through the greater use of substitute of cement. The use of supplementry cementitious materials as partial replacement for the cement in concrete will play a significant role with respect to the environmental control of greenhouse and global temperature reduction. The development of geopolymer concrete (GPC) processing of geopolymer using black rice husk ash, GGBS in combination with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions, offers a promising alternative to ordinary portland cement concrete. This study compares the different ratio of black rice husk ash to GGBS where50:50 60:40 40:60 ratios and differing the molarities of alkaline solutions which are 8m , 10m and 12m and comparing the strength of the above ratios and conducting durability characteristics of fly ash and GGBS based geopolymer concrete by conducting test procedure like compressive strength , split tensile strength test, sorpitivity test. Keywords: Geo-polymer concrete ,Black rice husk ash (BRHA),Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS).
10
Srivathsav, Bitla, N. Prem Kumar, S. Shrihari, and C. Vivek Kumar. "Proposed mathematical model for stress- strain behaviour of geopolymer concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901053.
Анотація:
In the present study, appropriate analytic stress-strain mathematical model is developed that can capture the real (observable) stress-strain behaviour of geo polymer concrete. The geo polymer concrete mixes have shown improved stress values for the same strain levels compared to that of controlled concrete mix in M20 grade. The analytical equations for the stress-strain response of conventional and geopolymer concrete mixes have been proposed in the form of y = Ax / (1+Bx+Cx2), both for ascending and descending portions of the curves with different set of values for constants. The proposed equations have shown good correlation with experimental values. The proposed empirical equations can be used as stress block in analyzing the flexural behavior of sections of controlled and geo polymer concrete. The stress-strain curves obtained in the experiment for M20 & G20 grades of controlled and geo polymer concrete exhibit a similar trend when compared to the empirical equations of modified Saenz model. So Saenz mathematical model is successfully evaluated and validated for geopolymer concrete.
11
Mohammad Iliyas Mohammad Sayeed, Dr. Vikram A. Patil, and Somanagouda R. Takkalaki. "An Experimental Study on Short Term Durability and Hardened Properties of Baggasse Ash and Fly Ash Based Geo Polymer Concrete." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 11, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.1.30.
Анотація:
This project reports the comparison of bagasse ash and fly ash-bagasse ash based on geopolymer concrete. In which cement is fully replaced by pozzolanic material that is rich in silicon and aluminium like fly ash and bagasse ash referred to as “Geopolymer concrete” which is a contemporary material. Geopolymer concrete was actually manufactured by reusing and recycling of industrial solid wastes and by products. Fly Ash, a by-product of coal obtained from the thermal power plant is plenty available worldwide. Fly ash is used as ingredients in concrete which enhance the properties of concrete and utilization of fly ash is helpful for consumption. Bagasse ash is a final waste product of sugar obtained from the sugar mills. The base material, viz. fly ash and Bagasse ash, is activated by alkaline solution that is sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate to produce a binder which is rich in silica and aluminium. Sample 1 is cement. It is replaced by 100% fly ash geopolymer concrete and trial 2 is 10%, 30% & 50% replaced by Bagasse ash in Geopolymer concrete . The project presents the strength and durability of Bagasse ash based Geopolymer concrete and fly ash and Bagasse ash based Geopolymer concrete.
12
Zhao, Xianhui, Haoyu Wang, Linlin Jiang, Lingchao Meng, Boyu Zhou, and Jiashuo Zhang. "Long-Term Physical and Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Incorporating Carbide Slag." Materials 14, no. 21 (November 6, 2021): 6692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216692.
Анотація:
The long-term property development of fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer (FA–GEO) incorporating industrial solid waste carbide slag (CS) for up to 360 d is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the fresh, physical, and mechanical properties and microstructures of FA–GEO composites with CS and to evaluate the effects of CS when the composites were cured for 360 d. FA–GEO composites with CS were manufactured using FA (as an aluminosilicate precursor), CS (as a calcium additive), NaOH solution (as an alkali activator), and standard sand (as a fine aggregate). The fresh property and long-term physical properties were measured, including fluidity, bulk density, porosity, and drying shrinkage. The flexural and compressive strengths at 60 d and 360 d were tested. Furthermore, the microstructures and gel products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the additional 20.0% CS reduces the fluidity and increases the conductivity of FA–GEO composites. Bulk densities were decreased, porosities were increased, and drying shrinkages were decreased as the CS content was increased from 0.0% to 20.0% at 360 d. Room temperature is a better curing condition to obtain a higher long-term mechanical strength. The addition of 20.0% CS is more beneficial to the improvement of long-term flexural strength and toughness at room temperature. The gel products in CS–FA–GEO with 20.0% CS are mainly determined as the mixtures of sodium aluminosilicate (N–A–S–H) gel and calcium silicate hydration (C–S–H) gel, besides the surficial pan-alkali. The research results provide an experimental basis for the reuse of CS in various scenarios.
13
Rahjoo, Mohammad, Guido Goracci, Pavel Martauz, Esther Rojas, and Jorge S. Dolado. "Geopolymer Concrete Performance Study for High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Applications." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031937.
Анотація:
Solar energy is an energy intermittent source that faces a substantial challenge for its power dispatchability. Hence, concentrating solar power (CSP) plants and solar process heat (SPH) applications employ thermal energy storage (TES) technologies as a link between power generation and optimal load distribution. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based materials are widely used in sensible TES, but their use is limited to operation temperatures below 400 to 500 °C because of thermal degradation processes. This work proposes a geopolymer (GEO)-based concrete as a suitable alternative to OPC concrete for TES that withstands high running temperatures, higher than 500 °C. To this end, thermophysical properties of a geopolymer-based concrete sample were initially measured experimentally; later, energy storage capacity and thermal behavior of the GEO sample were modeled numerically. In fact, different thermal scenarios were modeled, revealing that GEO-based concrete can be a sound choice due to its thermal energy storage capacity, high thermal diffusivity and capability to work at high temperature regimes.
14
Ahmed Al-dujaili, Mohammad A., Imad A. Disher Al-hydary, and Zainab Zayer Hassan. "Physical Characteristics and Compressive Strength of Na-Geopolymer Paste Designed by a Taguchi Method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 877, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/877/1/012036.
Анотація:
Abstract Geopolymer paste is a revolutionary building material that the chemical activity of inorganic molecules will create. It is an alternative to traditional Portland cement and is more Eco-friendly. This analysis aimed to classify the mixtures and their process parameters suitable for the development of Geo-polymer paste with one of the ultimate compressive powers, the highest-lowest porosity, and the lowest-lowest final and initial setting time. In the experimental design of the Geo-polymer-based-metakaolin, a Taguchi methodology has been utilized. Five variables parameters were chosen that are mostly to influence the properties of the geopolymer. These are the quantity of Si, alkali, the proportion of alkali reagents, duration of blending, and water amount. These variables’ influence has been calculated at 7 and 28 days on compressive strengths, porosity, density, and setting time. The analysis indicates that the strong compressive strength (115MPa) of Geopolymer paste could be achieved with the formula (1Na2O. Al2O3. 3.8SiO2.xH2O) utilizing suitable processing conditions under which the molar ratio of alkali silicate to alkali hydroxide must be held within the range of 3.25-3.02.
15
Mazumder, Endow, and L. V. Prasad M. "Effect of Quantity of Industrial Waste on Eco-Friendly Geopolymer Concrete." Materials Science Forum 1019 (January 2021): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1019.102.
Анотація:
The primary goal of this work is to report the results of the experimental outcome of Geopolymer concrete (GEO-C) which is prepared and cured at room temperature. GEO-C is prepared using a blend of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGSG) and F Class Fly Ash, and the replacement is ranged from 0% to 100% of binder material, to find the optimum dosage of binder material. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3) which are alkaline in nature, used primarily as an activating agent for the polymerization process of geopolymer. Experiments were conducted on samples by fixing the NaOH concentration as 14M for optimum strength and the alkaline activator ratio is fixed as one. Mechanical properties of GEO-C like compressive strength, rupture modulus (i.e. flexural strength), and split tensile strength were evaluated at the ages 7, 14, 28 days. From the results, it is observed that with the addition of GGSG in the blend the compressive, flexural, and tensile strength increase but there is a drastic reduction in the workability of the mixture.
16
Aravind Raj, P. S., R. Divahar, R. Lilly, R. Porselvan, and K. Ganesan. "Experimental Investigation of Geopolymer Flexible Pavement with Waste Plastics Aggregates." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i02.033.
Анотація:
The world is facing a greater issue in the disposal of waste plastics and there is an intense need for research on alternate and sustainable solutions for environmental issues. Waste plastic can be used as aggregates or as a protective layer over aggregates to increase their strength. The aggregate used in flexible pavements was investigated in this study, as well as the use of Geo-Polymer to improve the pavement’s strength and durability. The design of the pavement is done according to the Indian standard codes IRC. Dense bituminous macadam and base courses are taken into account as per the design criteria. The geo-polymer flexible pavement was tested for properties such as the wearing test. Other fundamental tests for aggregate and bitumen used in pavements include specific gravity, flash point, fire point, ductility, softening point, penetration test, water absorption test, bonding strength, durability, and temperature resistance. When geo-polymer plastic bitumen is heated and put as a coating over the base course, it allows the user the air gaps with additional plastic and binds over the aggregate, resulting in increased road stability, smoothness, and vehicle braking effects. It is concluded that with 5% addition of the geo-polymer with bitumen has performed well in all aspects of the bitumen characteristics.
17
Manikantha, Maddula Rama, and M. Sophia. "Mechanical Performance of Steel Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete." Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering 6, no. 10 (November 22, 2022): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i10.001.
Анотація:
Concrete is used more than water worldwide. The need for Conventional concrete rises in tandem with the demand for concrete as a building material. According to estimates, cement production rose from 1.5 billion tons in 1995 to 4.5 billion tons in 2020. Finding a substitute for Cement concrete, whose production uses the most resources, is therefore inevitable. Researchers have been inspired to create an alternative binder paste to totally replace cement paste by the use of supplemental cementing ingredients such fly ash, silica fume, granulated blast furnace slag, and rice-husk ash. These inorganic amorphous binders will chemically react to form geo polymer concrete, a cutting-edge building material. We use additional cementitious materials in this that react with alkaline activators to create an Al-O-Si-O gel that has a comparable bonding strength to C-S-H gel. Because geopolymer concrete is already somewhat brittle, increasing its flexural and tensile strength is necessary. There are fibres included. In this study, the mechanical properties of geopolymer [M50] concrete with steel fibres were examined by curing it in an ambient condition.
18
Razak, Siti Nooriza Abd, Nasir Shafiq, Laurent Guillaumat, Mohamed Mubarak Abdul Wahab, Syed Ahmad Farhan, Nadzhratul Husna, and Fouad Ismail Ismail. "Fire Performance of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete: Effect of Burning Temperature." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 945, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/945/1/012062.
Анотація:
Abstract Geopolymer concrete (GEO) is a cementless concrete produced from the reaction of an aluminosilica-rich material, in particular, fly ash, with an alkaline solution, which can either be sodium or potassium-based. In light of the potential of fly ash-based GPC as an alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)-based concrete as a green building material, an investigation on the fire performance of GEO, in comparison to OPC-based concrete, is essential. The results of an experimental study on the fire performance of fly ash-based GEO that was subjected to a flame test using a methane burner torch, after 28 days of curing, to simulate a real fire event, are presented. Concrete specimens were exposed to a fire flame at 500 °C and 1200 °C for two hours and subsequently cooled to the ambient temperature, prior to testing. Visual inspection was performed on the specimens to observe for any cracking, spalling and change in colour. Losses of mass and residual compressive strength were measured. The results were compared with those of OPC-based reference specimens. The findings revealed that, in contrast to OPC-based concrete, the strength of GPC increased when exposed to fire at 500 °C. GEO also suffered a smaller loss of mass as compared to OPC-based concrete due to the smaller amount of loss in moisture from burning. It was also observed that no spalling had occurred on the GEO, with less cracking on the exposed surface in relation to OPC-based concrete, hence indicating that the structural integrity of GEO was successfully maintained.
19
Rahjoo, Mohammad, Guido Goracci, Juan J. Gaitero, Pavel Martauz, Esther Rojas, and Jorge S. Dolado. "Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Prototype Based on Geopolymer Concrete for High-Temperature Applications." Materials 15, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 7086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207086.
Анотація:
Thermal energy storage (TES) systems are dependent on materials capable of operating at elevated temperatures for their performance and for prevailing as an integral part of industries. High-temperature TES assists in increasing the dispatchability of present power plants as well as increasing the efficiency in heat industry applications. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based concretes are widely used as a sensible TES material in different applications. However, their performance is limited to operation temperatures below 400 °C due to the thermal degradation processes in its structure. In the present work, the performance and heat storage capacity of geopolymer-based concrete (GEO) have been studied experimentally and a comparison was carried out with OPC-based materials. Two thermal scenarios were examined, and results indicate that GEO withstand high running temperatures, higher than 500 °C, revealing higher thermal storage capacity than OPC-based materials. The high thermal energy storage, along with the high thermal diffusion coefficient at high temperatures, makes GEO a potential material that has good competitive properties compared with OPC-based TES. Experiments show the ability of geopolymer-based concrete for thermal energy storage applications, especially in industries that require feasible material for operation at high temperatures.
20
Kumar, A. D. Sandeep, Dinesh Singh, V. Srinivasa Reddy, and Kaveli Jagannath Reddy. "Geo-polymerization mechanism and factors affecting it in Metakaolin-slag-fly ash blended concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401080.
Анотація:
This paper presents the mechanism and chemistry behind the geo-polymerization and its application in development of Geo-polymer concrete. In this paper, guidelines to develop a geo-polymer concrete is discussed along with the factors affecting the geopolymerization process in concrete. It is concluded that curing temperature, ratio of alkaline liquids , chemical ratio of silicate and sodium in sodium silicate, alkaline liquids / Si-Al source materials ratio, sodium silicate/ hydroxyl ions ratio, presence of calcium, presence of excess water and Si/Al ratio in source materials have significant effect on the development of geopolymer concrete and its performance.
21
Rangan, P. R., R. Irmawaty, M. W. Tjaronge, A. A. Amiruddin, B. Bakri, and M. Tumpu. "The effect of curing on compressive strength of geo-polymer mortar made rice straw ash, fly ash, and laterite soil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 921, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/921/1/012009.
Анотація:
Abstract This study aims to analyze the effect of curing on the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar made from straw ash, fly ash and laterite soil. This research is experimental in the laboratory. Geopolymer mortar was produced using straw ash, fly ash and laterite soil with a percentage ratio of 16.67: 41.67: 41.67. The alkaline activator used is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with a concentration of 12 M. The compressive strength test of 5 × 10 cm cylinders is used to evaluate the geopolymer mortar mixture produced at the age of 3, 7 and 28 days with curing, namely air and water curing. The results showed that the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar increased along with the increasing age of each curing. The compressive strength values produced in air curing 3, 7 and 28 days were respectively 1.64 N/mm2, 1.72 N/mm2 and 3.22 N/mm2. While water curing, the resulting compressive strength values for each curing are 1.03 N/mm2, 1.63 N/mm2 and 1.68 N/mm2. At the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days, there was an increase in the compressive strength values from water curing to air curing, which were 0.37%, 5.23% and 47.82%, respectively. It can be seen that the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar made from straw ash, fly ash and laterite soil in air curing is greater than that of water curing.
22
Zhao, Xianhui, Haoyu Wang, Boyu Zhou, Han Gao, and Yonghui Lin. "Resistance of Soda Residue–Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar to Acid and Sulfate Environments." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040785.
Анотація:
The early mechanical performances of low-calcium fly ash (FFA)-based geopolymer (FFA–GEO) mortar can be enhanced by soda residue (SR). However, the resistance of SR–FFA–GEO mortar to acid or sulfate environments is unclear, owing to the various inorganic calcium salts in SR. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term mechanical strengths of up to 360 d and evaluate the resistance of SR–FFA–GEO mortar to 5% HCl and 5% Na2SO4 environments through the losses in compressive strength and mass. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) experiments were conducted for the SR–FFA–GEO mortars, both before and after chemical attack, to clarify the attack mechanism. The results show that the resistances of the SR–FFA–GEO mortar with 20% SR (namely M10) to 5% HCl and 5% Na2SO4 environments are superior to those of cement mortar. The environmental HCl reacts with the calcites in SR to produce CaCl2, CO2 and H2O to form more pores under HCl attack, and the environmental Na+ cations from Na2SO4 go into Si-O-Al network structure, to further enhance the strength of mortar under Na2SO4 attack. These results provide the experimental basis for the durability optimization of SR–FFA–GEO mortars.
23
Ramesh, Vemundla, and Dr Koniki Srikanth. "Mechanical Properties and Mix Design of Geopolymer concrete – A review." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401091.
Анотація:
Geo-polymer concrete (GPC) is a most viable solution to cement as the raw materials depleting down the years and, many countries have started imposing carbon taxes. After a review for the literature reveals that there is no proper mix design procedure developed yet. GPC has better mechanical properties when compared to normal concrete. Curing conditions, setting times, workability, alkaline solution to binder ratios, molarity of alkaline solution, Na2SiO3/NaOH and SiO2/Al2O3 ratios play an important role to develop GPC. This paper presents an overview of Geopolymarization process, mechanical properties and mix design of GPC. Proper mix design of geopolymer concrete can produce desired mechanical properties for ambient curing condition. And geopolymer concrete can consider as eco-friendly construction material. This paper deals with study of advancement in mix design and mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete.
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Saravanakumar, P. "Strength and Durability Studies on Geopolymer Recycled Aggregate Concrete." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.24 (April 25, 2018): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.24.12087.
Анотація:
This paper aims to study the engineering and durability properties of fly ash-based geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete and the results were presented in this paper. The addition of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) retrieved from construction and demolition(C&D) wastes showed promising function in construction industry as an alternative to natural aggregates. It conserves enormous quantities of natural resources and reduces the space required for the landfill disposal of C&D wastes. In this study an increment of 25% partial replacements by weight of natural aggregates with recycled aggregates in geopolymer concrete up to 100% replacements were studied. The concrete containing virgin aggregate and ordinary Portland cement was consider as control concrete and the results of geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete (GP-RAC) were compared with this. The fresh and mechanical properties of all the above four concrete mixes has been investigated. Results indicated that workability of geopolymer concrete decreases than control concrete and it took more than 24 hours to set. Geo polymer based recycled aggregate concrete exhibits better strength and durability performance than ordinary recycled aggregate concrete.
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Verma, Neeraj Kumar. "Performance Evaluation of M20 Grade Geopolymer Concrete using Fly Ash and GGBS with Super Plasticizer." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 3556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52449.
Анотація:
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the strength properties of geopolymer concrete using fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) with the addition of a super plasticizer at a grade M20. The study used 70% fly ash and 30% GGBS to replace the cement content of the concrete mix, and sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were used as Alkaline activators. The concentration of (NaOH) solution was maintained at 8 molarity and the dosage of activator ratio is 2.5 is a combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide ratio. The compressive strength of the geopolymer concrete was tested at different ages (7, 14, and 28 days) to evaluate the strength properties. The results showed that the addition of fly ash and GGBS significantly improved the strength properties of the geopolymer concrete. Moreover, the optimized dosage of the super plasticizer was found to be 1% of the total weight of the mix. The study concludes that the use of fly ash and GGBS in geopolymer concrete can significantly improve its strength properties, and the addition of a super plasticizer can enhance its workability. This finding suggests that geopolymer concrete could be a viable alternative to conventional concrete in construction applications .The test result shows encouraging results of ordinary Portland cement concrete and geo polymer concrete so one can easily replace ordinary concrete with geopolymer concrete for precast applications.
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, K K V D Prasad, K. Lokesh. "Performance of Geopolymer Concrete at High Temperature." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060727.
Анотація:
Production of concrete cause semanationo fan equal measure of Carbon dioxide, which is an ozone depleting substance into environment causing a worldwide temperature alteration. Fly debris and ground granulated impact heater slag (GGBS) has cementations material properties and consequently can be utilized as substitute material for concrete to beat the natural issues. During power age in warm plants huge amount of fly debris is created as a waste item, removal of which is issue and correspondingly GGBS is delivered in steel plants. Normal waterway sand isn't accessible to meet the necessity and furthermore costlier because of the constrained just as unlawfuldigging. Thus produced sand is utilized as another for stream sand. Geo-polymer is normally known as inorganic aluminum -hydroxide polymer which is blended dominatingly from silicon and aluminum particles in fly debris and GGBS. Structures like private structures, business structures like film lobbies, workplaces, ventures, shopping centers, lodgings, schools, clinics, burrows, oil wells and so forth, might be inclined to fire mishap at any timeframe during theiradministration. Consequently in this examination an endeavor is made to consider the compressive quality and flexural quality of geo-polymer concrete made of class F fly debris, GGBS,M sand, utilizing Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Silicate arrangements as salt activators in various blend extents and the examples are exposed to warm relieving at 60°C and 70°C with various proportion so the activatorarrangements and molarities of soluble arrangement presented to raised temperature.
27
Suresh, A. Kumar, M. Muthukannan, R. Kanniga Devi, K. Kumar Arun, and Ganesh A. Chithambar. "Improving the Performance of Structural Members by Incorporating Incinerated Bio-Medical Waste Ash in Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete." Materials Science Forum 1048 (January 4, 2022): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1048.321.
Анотація:
This study aims to analyze the use of Incinerated Bio-Medical Waste Ash (IBWA) in reinforced concrete structural member with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as an alternate building ingredient instead of cement. Biomedical waste was produced from various medical resources such as hospitals, medical institutes and research centres. GGBS is the waste generated from the steel plant. The climate is now being affected by the release of CO2 (global warming) from the Portland cement industries. Therefore, greater attention must be paid to study efforts to use geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer is a novel inorganic eco-friendly binding agent derived from an alkaline solution that stimulates aluminosilicate source material (GGBS, Rice Husk Ash, Quartz Powder, metakaolin, fly ash and Silica Fume). In this research, laboratory tests for Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete (RGPC) beams (deflection, ductility factor, flexural strength and toughness index) and columns (load-carrying ability, stress-strain behaviour and load-deflection behaviour) were conducted for three types of proportions using [30% IBWA – 70% GGBS Geopolymer concrete, GGBS Geopolymer concrete and Reinforced Cement Concrete. The experimental findings revealed that the performance of reinforced 30% IBWA – 70% GGBS geo-polymer beams and columns worked more effectively than reinforced cement concrete beams and columns.
28
Pushpendra Singh Palash. "Renewable Energy for Carbon Footprint Reduction of Production of Lightweight Geopolymer Concrete." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 7s (May 4, 2024): 1859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.3877.
Анотація:
In the present world, researchers have been keenly interested in developing special concrete like Geo polymer concrete in recent years due to its lower global warming impact, better serviceability, higher durability, and overall economy compared to conventional concrete. Geo polymer is a comparatively new substitute binder for making concrete. The geopolymer binders are produced using industrial by-products such as fly ash and blast furnace slag instead of ordinary Portland cement. Using Geo polymer can reduce CO2 emissions and lower the global warming impact. The major issue before the present community is to minimize the CO2 emission, which is also the lead source of global warming. In the present research, an attempt has been made to predict that the CO2 emission rate has either increased or declined in preparing the concrete by using Hand-mixing concrete. The calculations of CO2 emission during manufacturing have been devised based on the collected data. It has also been proposed that how CO2 emission can be reduced by varying the concrete mix proportions or by replacing the ingredients of concrete.
29
Arun, K. Kumar, M. Muthukannan, R. Raja Abinaya, and A. Kumar Suresh. "Structural Behaviour of Green Geopolymer Concrete Beams and Columns Made with Waste Wood Ash a Partial Substitution Binder." Materials Science Forum 1048 (January 4, 2022): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1048.333.
Анотація:
On the demand of reducing the global warming due to cement production which is used as main constituent in the production of concrete and minimizing the environmental impact caused by the waste and its disposal methods, this study was aimed. This study looked in to detail insight view on effective utilization of waste wood ash in the production of geopolymer concrete beams and columns to alternate the conventional reinforced concrete elements in construction industry. Waste wood ash is a waste by product produced in the nearby hotel and factories by burning the waste wood collected from timber industries and the ash are thrown in to land which creates a major environmental pollution. Geopolymer is a novel inorganic eco-friendly binding agent derived from alkaline solution that stimulates aluminosilicate source material (such as metakaolin, fly ash and GGBS). In this research, behaviour of beams in deflection, ductility factor, flexural strength and toughness index and columns in load carrying ability, stress strain behaviour and load-deflection behaviours were examined for three types of concretes (30% WWA – 70% Fly ash Geo-polymer concrete, Fly ash Geo-polymer concrete and Reinforced Cement Concrete). The results showed that inclusion of waste wood ash in geopolymer concrete helped in enhancing the load carrying capacity of beam and column by 42% and 28%. Further, the behaviour of structural elements in stiffness, ductility and toughness were also improved with the replacement of waste wood ash.
30
Verma, N. K., M. C. Rao, and S. Kumar. "Effect of Curing Regime on Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 982, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/982/1/012031.
Анотація:
Abstract Advancement of reasonable development materials has been the focal point of exploration globally in recent times. Considering the current scenario, finding options in contrast to Ordinary Portland concrete (OPC) is of incredible importance as a result of high CO2 emission during its production. Accordingly, supplementary material was acquainted as alternative to cement for concrete production. Utilisation of fly ash is eco-accommodating and furthermore saves cement cost. It is wealthy in silicate and alumina and it responds with alkaline solution to produce alumina silicate gel which helps in fastening the concrete ingredients. The fly ash based geo polymer offers better protection from the forceful condition and elevated temperature than the ordinary cement. Some factors like NaOH Molarity, NaOH/Na2SiO3 percentage assume a fundamental element in the development of the geopolymerization reaction became concept of. The investigation on the fly ash based geo polymer profoundly did in the present work, besides the impact of elevated temperature and time are not exceptionally recorded in the available literature. In this study the effect of curing temperature and curing time on the compressive strength (3, 7 and 28 days) of GPC at a constant molarity of NaOH and alkaline solution ratio and compare with controlled concrete. In the present work 10 molars of NaOH and 1:1.5 alkaline solution ratio was considered by varying curing temperature 60°, 90° and 120° C and 24, 48 and 72 hours of curing time. M30 grade concrete mix with the equivalent GPC is developed. From the experimental results, it was found that compressive strength was effected by curing temperature and curing time at 3, 7 and 28 days and maximum compressive strength i.e., 53.46 MPa was obtained at higher curing temperature (120° C) and lower curing time (24 hrs). Also, when compared with control concrete, the compressive strength is higher for GPC was observed.
31
Rathna Chary, Mudigonda, Kotha Hima Bindu, Jagadish Shrisaila Haranatti, Mohnika Samineni, Pasupuleti Pavani, and Oleg Igorevich Rozhdestvenskiy. "The Properties of Geo-polymer Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with GGBS & Fly ash." MATEC Web of Conferences 392 (2024): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439201006.
Анотація:
The production of Portland cement contributes to significant environmental pollution, with around 7% of global carbon dioxide emissions attributed to this industry. To address this issue, the construction sector seeks eco-friendly alternatives to conventional concrete. This project focuses on geopolymer concrete, which utilizes Fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) can be utilized as a partial substitute for cement. The study investigates the effects of incorporating different percentages of fly ash (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% as cement replacement) and GGBS (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% as sand replacement) in geopolymer concrete. Compressive strength tests are conducted on cube specimens (150mm x 150mm x 150mm) at various ages (7 days, 14 days, and 28 days).
32
Aliev, A. A. "Improving the rheological properties of alkaline-activated geopolymers using water-free fluids." Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, no. 3(80) (September 30, 2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2021-3(80)-60-67.
Анотація:
Geopolymer systems are quite successfully used in such operations as industrial and civil construction, production of fire - resistant concrete, isolation and disposal of radioactive waste, etc. The oil and gas industry was no exception. They are one of the most promising alternatives to Portland cement in insulation operations. They allow achieving sufficiently high performances of well construction strength, corrosion resistance, and in some compositions these parameters significantly exceed those of Portland cement. In recent years, a significant amount of research has been carried out aimed at the development of geo polymer compositions for cementing oil and gas wells, which showed that these systems have strength characteristics comparable to Portland cement, low permeability, resistance to drilling mud and reservoir conditions, and the ability to self-repair. However, despite all the advantages of Geo polymer systems, their most significant disadvantage is poor regulation of rheological properties. Geo polymers (GP) with low ash content do not provide the proper rheological characteristics for the use in insulation operations. Low values of pumpability of solutions are still a serious restriction for wide practical implementation. The use of geopolymer solutions with the correct selection of the compositional composition capable of demonstrating significant improvements in strength and rheological parameters as a result of mixing with anhydrous drilling fluids is a very promising solution to this problem. The paper presents the results of research on the additives of non-aqueous fluids such as oil- based and synthetic-based drilling fluids and inverted emulsion drilling fluids on rheology of geo polymers. The obtained results allow stating that the rheological parameters of geo polymer compositions improve up to comparable values with Portland cement, which considerably extends the range of application of these solutions to use in operations of primary, squeeze cementing and well workover.
33
Raja.R, Dr Thirumalai, CH Sandeep Reddy, M. Phani chaitanya, G. John Devaraju, G. Rohini Kumar, SK Althaf, and N. Liyaz. "Performance of Geopolymer Concrete with Combined Use of Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Management 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2023.10.2.16.
Анотація:
From the beginning, binders such as red mud mortar, lime mortar, cement mortar, etc., played a major role. It has been found that the production of cement increases the quantity of uncontrollable CO2 emissions. Another adhesive that can be used in place of cement is geopolymer. Because geopolymer concrete may reduce carbon emissions, the concrete business could grow sustainably and prosper as a result. This technology has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions from the construction sector by up to 80%. To make the binder for geo polymer concrete, alkaline solutions are used to activate sources of materials rich in silica (Si) and aluminium (Al), such as fly ash, GGBS, etc. Geopolymer-made concrete includes no cement at all. In this study, we attempted to determine the compressive strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete using various molarities of 8M, 10M, and 12M along with Sodium Silicate solution. The alkaline activators used were Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium hydroxide (KOH), and combination of both (50%NaOH + 50%KOH). To achieve the highest pH value for better mechanical and durability characteristics, chemical analysis is done. After 7 and 28 days of age, the Compression and Permeability experiments were conducted. The GPC's strength and durability characteristics were contrasted with those of conventional concrete.
34
Subaer, Subaer, Hamzah Fansuri, Abdul Haris, Misdayanti Misdayanti, Imam Ramadhan, Teguh Wibawa, Yulprista Putri, Harlyenda Ismayanti, and Agung Setiawan. "Pervaporation Membranes for Seawater Desalination Based on Geo–rGO–TiO2 Nanocomposites: Part 2—Membranes Performances." Membranes 12, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111046.
Анотація:
This is part 2 of the research on pervaporation membranes for seawater desalination based on Geo–rGO–TiO2 nanocomposite. The quality of the Geo–rGO–TiO2 pervaporation membranes (PV), as well as the suitability of the built pervaporation system, is thoroughly discussed. The four membranes described in detail in the first article were tested for their capabilities using the parameters turbidity, salinity, total suspended solids (TSS), and electrical conductivity (EC). The membranes’ flux permeate was measured as a function of temperature, and salt rejection was calculated using the electrical conductivity values of the feed and permeate. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to investigate changes in the chemical composition and internal structure of the membranes after use in pervaporation systems. The morphology of the membrane’s surfaces was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the elemental distribution was observed by using X-ray mapping and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the pervaporation membrane of Geo–rGO–TiO2 (1, 3) achieved a permeate flux as high as 2.29 kg/m2·h with a salt rejection of around 91%. The results of the FTIR and XRD measurements did not show any changes in the functional group and chemical compositions of the membrane after the pervaporation process took place. Long-term pressure and temperature feed cause significant cracking in geopolymer and Geo–TiO2 (3) membranes. SEM results revealed that the surface of all membranes is leached out, and elemental distribution based on X-ray mapping and EDS observations revealed the addition of Na+ ions on the membrane surface. The study’s findings pave the way for more research and development of geopolymers as the basic material for inorganic membranes, particularly with the addition of rGO–TiO2 nanocomposites.
35
Tiwari, Shashank. "Role of Geopolymer Concrete with GGBS in Rigid Pavements." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39073.
Анотація:
Abstract: In modern construction concrete is very expensive and popular material where cement is the main composite. Every year we are producing billion tons of concrete. Production of cement is responsible for too much of CO2 production, in other words it is also responsible for global warming. Mostly India is facing the problem of pollution. Researchers have done a great job and found many ways to replace cement. For making geopolymer concrete by products of different industries may be used like. Fly ash, rice husk. In this investigation geopolymer concrete is prepared with GGBS. GGBS is a by-product of steel industry. It holds the coarse and fine aggregates in the matrix. In this investigation geopolymer concrete is prepared with GGBS and advantages and disadvantages are also investigated. It was an observation that it has good results over other concrete. GGBS is a good replacement of cement and it will help in reducing the production of CO2. as a result of this global warming can be reduced. Keywords: GGBS, Slag, Aggregates, Slump, Geo Polymer
36
Ashveen Kumar, P., M. Preethi, M. V. S. S. Sastri, and C. Arvind Kumar. "Effect of Addition of Cement in Binary Blended Geopolymer Concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1279, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1279/1/012011.
Анотація:
Abstract The construction industry contributes significant greenhouse gases to the climate by consuming vast amounts of cement. Researchers are looking at alternative cement methods to decrease the adverse effects, one of which is Geopolymer Concrete (GPC). The GPC is made from industrial waste materials high in silica and activated with sodium hydroxides (NaOH) to form sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) because Geo polymer is a material that is just two decades old and is an area of extensive research. To study the effect of the addition of cement to GPC’s mechanical properties by replacing up to 50% of the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash with ten per cent increments. The outcomes are contrasted with the Geo Polymer Concrete control mix. For this study, an analysis of activators to fly ash at 0.35, NaOH to Na2SiO3 at 2.5, and the molarity of sodium hydroxide was set at 8M. At different ages, the compressive strength of cubes was calculated, as well as their split and flexural strengths following a 28-day curing period. The findings revealed that adding cement to the mix improves the mechanical properties. The best results are obtained at 40% cement, fly ash, and GGBFS at 60%.
37
Malik, Muhammad Akbar, Manas Sarkar, Shilang Xu, and Qinghua Li. "Effect of PVA/SiO2 NPs Additive on the Structural, Durability, and Fire Resistance Properties of Geopolymers." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (May 13, 2019): 1953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091953.
Анотація:
This exertion introduces polyvinyl alcohol fiber/silica nanoparticles (poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/SiO2 NPs) in the fly ash-based geopolymer at ambient curing temperature. The present study aims at investigating the structural properties (compressive, bond strength, fracture parameters (fracture toughness (KIc), crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD)), cyclic compression), durability (freeze-thaw), and fire resistivity of the newly developed PVA/SiO2 NPs mediated geopolymer. The outcomes suggest that geopolymers incorporated with 5% PVA fibers showed improved structural properties and durability as compared to other specimens. Investigation on the fire resistivity of the geopolymers exposed to different heating temperatures (400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C), showed that geopolymers with PVA/SiO2 NPs significantly prevented the explosive concrete spalling. Microstructural studies confirmed that PVA fibers in the geopolymeric matrixes were well distributed and developed a fiber-bridging texture with improved performance. Addition of the nano-silica particles accelerated the heat evolution during the hydration process and the geopolymeric reaction (formation of sodium aluminosilicate N-A-S-H gel) at ambient curing environment.
38
George, Geena, and K. Asha. "Study on characteristic strength of Geopolymer Aggregate Concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1086, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1086/1/012011.
Анотація:
Abstract The stone quarrying activities to meet the demand for infrastructure development, which in turn impacts on the soil and water resources, affect the hydro-geological and hydrological regimes. Due to the increase in urbanisation and industrialization, a large quantity of industrial waste is produced in developing as well as developed countries, and the unscientific disposal of this industrial waste is creating huge environmental problems. In this study, an attempt is made to incorporate both the problems and to find an alternative for natural aggregates with industrial by-products fly ash and GGBS for manufacturing artificial aggregates by adopting the geo-polymerization technique. The characteristic strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength of geopolymer aggregate (GPA) concrete for varying percentage replacements, such as 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% for natural coarse aggregates, have been studied and compared with normal concrete. Based on the test results, geopolymer aggregates could be considered as an alternate source for natural aggregates. The 28-day compressive test results showed that for 75% and 100% replacement, GPA3 concrete has been conducted with XRD analysis and SEM analysis on the microstructure of geopolymer aggregates manufactured with varying mix ratios of source materials and curing periods of X-Ray diffractograms and patterns. exhibit the formation of N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H compounds, which indicates the geopolymer formed has similar chemical compositions as natural rocks.
39
Ispara Xavier, S., R. Divahar, P. S. Aravind Raj, M. Devi Saran, Varsha Manohar, and Athul Sudhakaran. "Control of Environmental Pollution by Utilizing Wastes from Industry on Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2040, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2040/1/012003.
Анотація:
Abstract Geo-polymer Concrete is mainly hardened cementitious paste made from fly-ash and alkali solution. It helps to combines waste product into useful product. In this the major point is to investigate the solidity parameters of GPC utilize varying proportions of fly-ash, GGBS & Silica fume in addition to alkali solution (Na-OH and Na2SiO3), which reduces demand of OPC which leads to the emission of CO2 to the environment and to produce a more durable infrastructure. With various advantages of these materials as studied in detail in this project, better strength parameters for Geo-polymer concrete are expected by using varying proportions of Fly-ash, GGBS, Silica-fume along with an alkali solution (NaOH and Na2SiO3) than conventional concrete. Thus, Geo-polymer concrete helps in the complete replacement of Portland cement and act as an environmentally friendly material by the reduction of CO2 emission to the society which leads to control the environmental pollution. It is expected that centralizing over needs & examining in a way that includes a lot of careful detail in this area will help to materialize flue-ash based GPC as a trading & non-polluting material also set the seal on the sustainability of construction.
40
Chi, Hiep Le, Petr Louda, Totka Bakalova, and Vladimír Kovačič. "Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Potassium Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Paste." Advanced Engineering Forum 31 (February 2019): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.31.38.
Анотація:
In this study, geopolymer samples were prepared by mixing metakaolin (MA) with activator solution made of potassium alkali silicate solution, potassium hydroxide flakes, and additional water. The aim of the experiment is to evaluate the mechanical strength of hardened samples based on four test variables including the SiO2/K2O molar ratios, K2O concentration, H2O/MA water coefficient, and curing temperature. The results reveal that K2O concentration and H2O/MA water coefficient impact strongly on the compressive strength, whereas varying of SiO2/K2O molar ratios in the range from 1.0 – 1.4 does not significantly change the compressive strength of geopolymer samples. On the other hand, high-temperature curing leads to higher mechanical strength of the samples in the early-age compared to curing at room temperature, due to the faster establishment of hard structure in the early-age of geo-polymerization process. However, curing at a temperature range of 80°C – 100°C contributes the non-linear strength development of the samples over the time.
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Luhar, Ismail, Salmabanu Luhar, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Rafiza Abdul Razak, Petrica Vizureanu, Andrei Victor Sandu, and Petre-Daniel Matasaru. "A State-of-the-Art Review on Innovative Geopolymer Composites Designed for Water and Wastewater Treatment." Materials 14, no. 23 (December 4, 2021): 7456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237456.
Анотація:
There is nothing more fundamental than clean potable water for living beings next to air. On the other hand, wastewater management is cropping up as a challenging task day-by-day due to lots of new additions of novel pollutants as well as the development of infrastructures and regulations that could not maintain its pace with the burgeoning escalation of populace and urbanizations. Therefore, momentous approaches must be sought-after to reclaim fresh water from wastewaters in order to address this great societal challenge. One of the routes is to clean wastewater through treatment processes using diverse adsorbents. However, most of them are unsustainable and quite costly e.g. activated carbon adsorbents, etc. Quite recently, innovative, sustainable, durable, affordable, user and eco-benevolent Geopolymer composites have been brought into play to serve the purpose as a pretty novel subject matter since they can be manufactured by a simple process of Geopolymerization at low temperature, lower energy with mitigated carbon footprints and marvellously, exhibit outstanding properties of physical and chemical stability, ion-exchange, dielectric characteristics, etc., with a porous structure and of course lucrative too because of the incorporation of wastes with them, which is in harmony with the goal to transit from linear to circular economy, i.e., “one’s waste is the treasure for another”. For these reasons, nowadays, this ground-breaking inorganic class of amorphous alumina-silicate materials are drawing the attention of the world researchers for designing them as adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment where the chemical nature and structure of the materials have a great impact on their adsorption competence. The aim of the current most recent state-of-the-art and scientometric review is to comprehend and assess thoroughly the advancements in geo-synthesis, properties and applications of geopolymer composites designed for the elimination of hazardous contaminants viz., heavy metal ions, dyes, etc. The adsorption mechanisms and effects of various environmental conditions on adsorption efficiency are also taken into account for review of the importance of Geopolymers as most recent adsorbents to get rid of the death-defying and toxic pollutants from wastewater with a view to obtaining reclaimed potable and sparkling water for reuse offering to trim down the massive crisis of scarcity of water promoting sustainable water and wastewater treatment for greener environments. The appraisal is made on the performance estimation of Geopolymers for water and wastewater treatment along with the three-dimensional printed components are characterized for mechanical, physical and chemical attributes, permeability and Ammonium (NH4+) ion removal competence of Geopolymer composites as alternative adsorbents for sequestration of an assortment of contaminants during wastewater treatment.
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Renuka, K., and P. Arti Sudam. "Study on Strength Characteristics of Granular Materials." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1280, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1280/1/012019.
Анотація:
Abstract Crushing strength of granular material plays vital role in major civil engineering structures like offshore constructions, pile driving, mining under the high stresses. Determining the crushing strength of granular materials and also experimental results get influenced by its size, shape of grains, density, load application, strain rate, and its aspect ratio etc. So, crushing strength value differs from material to material. With this in view, here an attempt is made to determine the crushing strength for different granular materials like Natural River sand, Ennore sand, Glass beads and Geopolymer fly ash sand with specially fabricated mold. All materials are tested and characterized for index and engineering properties and also determined crushing strength by strain controlled digital load frame for different aspect ratios. Similar crushing strength values obtained for 12M Geo-polymer sand compared to other granular materials hence Geopolymer sand as an alternative material to natural river sand. Experimental results are tabulated in the paper.
43
Giasuddin, Haider M., Jay G. Sanjayan, and P. G. Ranjith. "Analysis of Interfacial Debonding of Geopolymer Annular Sealing in CO2 Geo-sequestration Wellbore." Energy Procedia 37 (2013): 5681–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.490.
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Dolado, Jorge S., Guido Goracci, Eduardo Duque, Pavel Martauz, Yibing Zuo, and Guang Ye. "THz Fingerprints of Cement-Based Materials." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 4194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184194.
Анотація:
To find materials with an appropriate response to THz radiation is key for the incoming THz technology revolution. Unfortunately, this region of the electromagnetic spectra remains largely unexplored in most materials. The present work aims at unveiling the most significant THz fingerprints of cement-based materials. To this end transmission experiments have been carried out over Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and geopolymer (GEO) binder cement pastes in combination with atomistic simulations. These simulations have calculated for the first time, the dielectric response of C-S-H and N-A-S-H gels, the most important hydration products of OPC and GEO cement pastes respectively. Interestingly both the experiments and simulations reveal that both varieties of cement pastes exhibit three main characteristic peaks at frequencies around ~0.6 THz, ~1.05 THz and ~1.35 THz, whose origin is governed by the complex dynamic of their water content, and two extra signals at ~1.95 THz and ~2.75 THz which are likely related to modes involving floppy parts of the dried skeleton.
45
Hassan, Ahmed, Najif Ismail, Abdel-Hamid Mourad, Yasir Rashid, and Mohammad Laghari. "Preparation and Characterization of Expanded Clay-Paraffin Wax-Geo-Polymer Composite Material." Materials 11, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112191.
Анотація:
Paraffin-based phase change material (PCM) is impregnated into the pores of lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) through vacuum impregnation to develop PCM containing macro-capsules of LECA. Three different grades of LECA varying in size and morphology are investigated to host the PCM to determine the impregnation effectiveness, viability for coating, and its stability. The produced LECA-PCM is coated with geopolymer paste (GP) to provide leak proofing during the phase change. The PCM is thermophysically characterized by employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the temperature history method (THM) to determine the phase transition and the latent heat. The stability of the macro-capsules is determined by weight loss through rapid thermal cycling (RTC) at elevated temperatures. Leakage of the PCM is tested using the diffusion-oozing circle test (DOCT). The results show that the GP coated LECA-PCM macro-capsules achieved 87 wt % impregnation efficiencies and no noticeable loss of PCM, which indicates leak proofing of the developed capsules up to 1000 RTC.
46
Gao, Renhui, Wei Yang, Zhenhua Duan, Hui Liu, Qi Deng, and Minqi Hua. "Effect of Ordinary Portland Cement on Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 9007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15249007.
Анотація:
Geopolymers have been considered a sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (CEM I) for its lower embodied carbon and ability to make use of industrial by-products. Additionally, its excellent engineering properties of high strength, low permeability, good chemical resistance, and excellent fire resistance also strike a chord in the minds of researchers. The goal of this study is to clarify the effect of calcium sources on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the geopolymers. CEM I was chosen as the sole calcium source, while metakaolin was used as the source material. Five distinct geopolymers were prepared, having various ratio of CEM I: 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. The alkali-activator was a mixture of 12 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), utilizing compressive strength and flexural strength to evaluate the changes of the geopolymers’ mechanical properties. SEM, XRD, and FTIR were used to examine microscopic features, evaluate internal morphology, and analyze changes in components of the geopolymers containing different amounts of CEM I. The experimental results indicated that the optimal incorporation of CEM I was 5%. Under this dosage, the compressive strength and flexural strength of the geopolymers can reach 71.1 MPa and 6.75 MPa, respectively. With the incorporation of CEM I, the heat released by cement hydration can accelerate the geopolymerization reaction between silica-alumina materials and alkaline solutions. Additionally, the coexistence of N-A-S-H gel from components of an aluminosilicate mix and C-S-H gel from the CEM I promoted a more densified microstructure of the geopolymers and improved the geopolymer’s strength. However, as the amount of CEM I in the mixture increased, the geopolymer matrix was unable to provide enough water for the CEM I to hydrate, which prevented excessive CEM I from forming hydration products, weakening the workability of the matrix and eventually hindering the development of geopolymer strength.
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Pavan Kumar, CH, N. V. N. Ravali, Rumpa Sutradhar, and S. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy. "Study on Properties of Geopolymer Concrete using Hybrid Fibres." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 982, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/982/1/012013.
Анотація:
Abstract Due to the ongoing loss of the ozone layer and the issue of global warming, the building industry has recently become increasingly cognizant of the importance of employing more environmentally friendly construction materials. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has started to draw considerable interest from scholars, researchers, and construction practitioners because of its benefits in replacing cement with by-product waste and reducing greenhouse gas emissions during production. It also outperforms traditional concrete in terms of mechanical qualities and endurance. Despite its benefits, GPC is only used in a limited number of applications. This paper describes the various proportions of fly ash (100%, 90%, 85%, 80%) and bagasse ash (10%, 15%, 20%) based geo-polymer concrete. For the making of concrete, fly ash having low-calcium (Class F) is substituted for Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)as the raw material. According to earlier research, adding bagasse ash to Geopolymer concrete reduces its strength by more than 10%. The effects of strength and durability parameters were studied using silica fume (5%) and hybrid fibres (1%), and the findings revealed that GPC has increased durability and strength with the addition of silica fume and hybrid fibres. This GPC has mechanical and durability properties equivalent to OPC concrete. GPC is not only good for the environment, but it also has outstanding mechanical properties. In the future, it might be a very useful material.
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Pathak, Arvind, Arpana Ranjit, and Bijaya Dhakal. "Geopolymerization Behaviour of Red and White Clays." Journal of Nepal Chemical Society 43, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46997.
Анотація:
Construction is one of the most important activities increasing the demand for Portland cement resulting significant amount of CO2 emission, natural resources degradation, and a high amount of energy consumption. The use of geopolymer has been studied as a potential substitute for Portland cement. Geopolymers are environmentally-friendly binding materials that are produced by the polymerization of alumino-silicates in presence of alkali polysilicates forming Si-O-Al bonds, which are used for several building applications. In this study, red and white clays which contain solid alumino-silicate have shown reactive in presence of an alkaline activator. The addition of lime has shown improvement in the mechanical and physical properties of the geopolymer products. The FTIR analysis and SEM images of the product have shown the formation of aluminosilicate gel in the geopolymeric product. The maximum compressive strength of the geopolymer products RCW and RWL were achieved to be 15.91 and 20.30 MPa, respectively. Such geopolymer products are in good agreement with cementitious products and can be used in building applications.
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Ashwitha Rani, B., and R. Ramya Swetha. "Strength and durability study on alccofine based geo-polymer concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1280, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1280/1/012005.
Анотація:
Abstract Geopolymer concrete (GPC) emerging as the most innovative construction material, which not only reduces the requirement of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) but also enhances the properties of the concrete as well, and decreases the ejection of harmful gases into the atmosphere like Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen, and Sulphur, Which is a prime concern for the environment. The need for concrete is raising uncharacteristically and so does for the OPC, to minimize the demand for OPC cementitious materials like Fly ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Silica Fume, Alccofine, Metakaolin, namely mineral admixtures used as partial or full replacements to the OPC. This present paper reports the properties of GPC made with Flyash, GGBS, and Alccofine for Mix M40- grade concrete the outcomes were contrasted with Nominal concrete which is made using 100 percent cement, Fly ash content of 50% was kept constant throughout the investigation whereas GGBS and Alccofine content varied with an interval of 5%. The concrete was tested for workability, strength, and durability aspects, an increment in the slump, and in the strength was noted, and great resistance was observed under the acid attack test for a GPC mixes, a combination of 50% Fly ash, 35% GGBS, and 15% Alccofine GPC mix was shown optimum results.
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Villaquirán Caicedo, Mónica Alejandra, and Ruby Mejía de Gutiérrez. "Synthesis of ternary geopolymers based on metakaolin, boiler slag and rice husk ash." DYNA 82, no. 194 (December 21, 2015): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v82n194.46352.
Анотація:
Ternary mixtures of geopolymers obtained from the alkaline activation of metakaolin (MK), boiler slag (BS), and rice husk ash (RHA) using a solution of potassium hydroxide were mechanically, thermally, and microstructurally characterized. The geopolymer properties and final microstructures indicate that the addition of BS, despite containing large amounts of unburned material (16.36%), allows for greater densification and greater homogeneity of the geopolymeric gel, which results in greater stability in strength at long curing ages. Substitution of 30% of MK by BS results in an increase in compressive strength of up to 21% and 122% after 28 and 180 days of curing, respectively. These results demonstrate the possibility of the construction sector using geopolymers based on MK and adding BS and RHA to obtain cementitious materials with a lower environmental impact.