Дисертації з теми "Géomorphologie / Géoarchéologie"
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Evelpidou, Niki. "Analyse spatiale, méthodologie et modélisation : géomorphologie et géoarchéologie du sud biterrois." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1039.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is the geoachaeological study of Beziers area. For this purpose recording and analysis of the geophysical, geomorphological, geological and archaeological characteristics of Beziers area (south France), using new technologies, took place. During the whole procedure of this thesis, numerous technologies and methods were applied : Geographic Information Systems (GIS) ; Photo interpretation ; Global Positioning System (GPS) ; Development of algorithms for the creation of a Web G. I. S ; Creation of 3-variable models for the study of geophysical parameters, such as visibility, digital elevation model, the creation of cross-sections, etc. Using the above techniques and methods a model of a Roman cadastre was developed. Regarding the geo-archaeological part of this project, quantitative, spatial and combinational analysis took place. A geographical database was created for the geomorphological and archaeological characteristics of Beziers. Thematic maps have been created based on primary and secondary data; a map with topographic inclinations, a map with the dominant Roman cadastre, as well combinatory maps
Ollive, Vincent. "Dynamique d’occupation anthropique et dynamique alluviale du Rhin au cours de l’Holocène : géoarchéologie du site d’Oedenburg (Haut-Rhin, France)." Dijon, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684794v2.
Повний текст джерелаA wide methodological approach has been completed on a part of the Upper Rhine River. This dataset shows : 1/ documentary flood frequency variations of the Rhine River and 13 other rivers during the last 800 years. 2/ changes in the Rhine River and floodplain dynamics during Little Ice Age before major anthropogenic river management of 19th century. Planform changes, riverine forest, land use evolution, and anthropological settlement processes are described and quantified. These results allow the identification of major stratigraphic agent factors role responsible of these changes. 3/ the alluvial landscape character where the Oedenburg site settled, together with the evolution of the riverine forest influenced by the Rhine River hydrodynamics. 4/ of settlement dynamics during Antiquity. Four major settlement phases have been evidenced by spatial distribution analysis of roman coins found by pedestrian prospecting during the last twenty years. Settlement dynamics may have been influenced by either historical or environmental impacts. 5/ variations in alluvial dynamics of the Rhine River during Antiquity such as high water table or flooding events
Storoni, Alexandre. "Les formes d'affaissement minier dans le bassin ferrifère luxembourgeois : essai de géomorphologie minière." Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN21025.
Повний текст джерелаThis geomorphological investigation focuses on the mining subsidence forms which have occurred in the Luxembourg mining basin since the middle of the 19th century and are particularly numerous and diverse. The mapping of the mining subsidence forms has shown that both their number and their type vary all over the mining basin. The changing of the environmental conditions as well as the mining regulations and techniques have to be held reponsible for these differences. Ten investigated sites have made it possible to define the mechanisms which have generated the different subsidence forms. Multiple causes have emerged during this analysis, depending primarily on the mining techniques and the rock mechanics of the overburden, both of which are responsible for the downward earth movements. The horizontal earth movements then change the initial shape of the subsidence forms according to the local environmental conditions (the nature of the superficial deposits, the rock fissuration patterns and the stepness of slopes among others) and depending on their age. Furthermore, man has altered the collapse sinks and the cracks where he intended to reuse the land previously damaged by mining subsidence occurrences. This effort rehabilitation has led to a new widespread type of "attenuated forms". On top of the authentic subsidence forms pseudoforms can be found in the same areas which resemble the former ones to a point where they are easily mistaken for them. They are, however, linked to over types of mining activity. In order to classify the vast number of diverse subsidence forms a typology in terms of authentic forms, derived forms and pseudoforms has been worked out
Salomon, Ferréol. "Géoarchéologie du delta du Tibre : Evolution géomorphologique holocène et contraintes hydrosédimentaires dans le système Ostie– Portus." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20040.
Повний текст джерелаOstia and Portus are two important harbour cities located on theThyrrenian coast, near the ancient Rome. This location corresponds to a fastly changing landscape (river and coastline mobility). The aim of this study is to reconstruct the Tiber hydrosedimentary dynamics in its delta plain during Ancient times (mainly in the 1st c. BC - 1st c. AD) and to identify their impact on the system Ostia-Portus. To complete this work, we analyse sedimentary cores drilled in the palaeomeander of Ostia and the canals of Portus. These results are compared to the archaeological and historical data. Crossing sedimentary, archaeological and textual data allows to consider hydrosedimentary anthropoclimatic crisis in the Tiber River watershed, during the period between the second part of the Ist century BC and the beginning of the Ist century AD. This crisis is expressed in Ostia, by: (1) a sediment accumulation at the mouth of the Tiber River, leading to the filling of the river mouth harbour of Ostia; (2) several major floods (at Rome - sometimes torrential floods); and (3) perhaps an increase of the groundwater levels. During this hydrosedimentological crisis or before, a strong lateral mobility of the Tiber mouth and the palaeomeander of Ostia probably affect the development of the city. Obliged by a strong demographic pressure in Rome and by the socio-economical context, Claude built Portus in the middle of the 1st century AD. Portus is planned with the idea to overcome the shortcomings of Ostia’s harbour: (1) by an increased harbour basin area (200 ha), and (2) by its establishment, 3 km north of the Tiber mouth, to avoid the main hydrosedimentary constraints. For logistical reasons (goods transport to Rome), Portus includes a fluvial canal system, connected to the Tiber River. However, Roman engineers take care to separate the canal system and the harbour basins (sediment load) and some of these canals are considered floodways (flood management). Sedimentary analysis characterise the canal functioning and filling (Canale Traverso, Canale Romano). This work is complemented by a methodological reflection on the Passega diagram and by a modeling of the Holocene evolution of the Tiber delta’s northern part , based onthe analysis of core samples
Giaime, Matthieu. "Géoarchéologie des ports antiques en contextes deltaïques : quelques exemples de Méditerranée et de mer Noire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3091.
Повний текст джерелаRiver deltas began forming around 7000 years BP because of the stabilisation of the mean sea-level. The natural variety of wetland environments on clastic coasts, in particular deltas, explains in major part the important disparities in harbour contexts. The combination of earth sciences with archaeological tools allows us to investigate the environmental evolution of four ancient sites located on deltas. We investigate 7000 years of environmental changes on the Kuban delta (Taman Peninsula, Russia). A coring, from the eastern limit of the peninsula, and its comparison with other geoarchaeological studies undertaken on the delta, allow us to confirm that the Holocene marine transgression created an archipelago of four islands around 6000 years ago in the area of the present-day Taman Peninsula. In Antiquity, natural factors such as delta progradation and the evolution of spits and sand bars have considerably affected the landscape evolution and therefore human occupation of the peninsula. At Tel Akko, (Haifa Bay, Israel), we reconstruct the evolution of the coastal zone of the site since the Bronze Age. We propose different harbour locations over time. At Pollentia, a Roman city of Mallorca, we have been able to demonstrate that the harbour was situated in a shallow lagoon, probably dredged at the time of its foundation. At Halymris (Danube delta, Romania), our research supports the presence of a secondary fluvial-channel located close to the fortress where the harbour may have been installed. The fortress, located at the foot of a promontory, was protected from floods and provided easy access to the main channel of the river
Devillers, Benoît. "Morphogenèse et anthropisation holocènes d'un bassin versant semi-aride : Le Gialias, Chypre." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010035.
Повний текст джерелаCarayon, Nicolas. "Les ports phéniciens et puniques : géomorphologie et infrastructures." Phd thesis, Université Marc Bloch - Strasbourg II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00283210.
Повний текст джерелаChantreau, Yoann. "Les formations fluviatiles pléistocènes de la moyenne et basse Sarthe : approche géoarchéologique." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S159.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the Sarthe River system between le Mans and Briollay using a geoarchaeological approach. In this area, the river drains low table-lands in the boundary between the Paris Basin and the Armorican Massif. The study of three valley sectors allows us to bring to light fluvial system variations along the longitudinal profile. The stepped terraces of the Sarthe River are interpreted as the response of the fluvial environments to climatic cyclicity, superimposed on a background of slow tectonic uplift, but some valley sectors don't match to this description. The lower part of the Sarthe River seems to point out entrenched terraces due to the Loire baselevel variations which are linked to eustatism. A limited river section (10 km long), where the Sarthe River adopts nowadays a sinuous course, shows partially entrenched terraces. At this section, the hard Jurassic limestone substratum seems to be the principal cause of this particularity. The Sarthe valley is filled with alluvial sheets showing recurrent features between terrace levels. This characteristic is closely linked to the Quaternary climatic cycles but the sandy Cenomanian substratum seems to have played a crucial role in the sandy sedimentation, especially in the upper part of the alluvial sheet fill. The mapping of low and middle Paleolithic human settlements in the Sarthe catchment area allows us to demonstrate the raw materials deposits effect on prehistoric human establishment. This study enables us to highlight the potential of the lower section of the Sarthe River in the human artifacts preservation due to interglacial deposits which are linked to entrenched terraces morphology
Beuzen-Waller, Tara. "Interactions entre dynamiques environnementales et occupations humaines du Paléolithique à l’âge du Fer dans les piémonts du Jebel Hajar (Oman)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL077.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn Oman, Quaternary climatic fluctuations are characterised by wet and dry periods. Today, desert landscapes prevail in Oman and traditional settlements mainly consist of artificially water-supplied oases. This work exposes the hydro-climatic variations at the end of the Quaternary in the foothills of the Jebel Hajar in order to (1) better understand the various environmental potential of the foothills during the wet periods of the Pleistocene and the Holocene and (2) reconstruct the onset of aridity since the end of the Holocene Pluvial Phase. To do so, multidisciplinary analyses are conducted on fluvial archives, coastal sedimentation and archaeological site’s distribution and nature, in four areas of the Jebel Hajar foothills : Bat/al-Arid, Salut, Adam and Quriyat. The geomorphological and hydro-climatic data are compared with the distribution of archaeological sites, subsistence strategies in each archaeological period and water distribution/ acquisition. The results obtained attest a nesting of the alluvial forms during the Pleistocene, the reduction of surface runoffs as early as 5,840 - 5,610 cal. BP, the gradual concentration of the archaeological sites towards hydrologically favoured areas, a progressive optimisation of these spaces in the upper parts of the foothills and a high mobility of the shoreline in the coastal plain of Quriyat during the Mid-Late Holocene
Barbel, Heloïse. "Géoarchéologie d'une maison semi-souterraine thuléenne-inuit en contexte périglaciaire : étude des processus taphonomiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33145.
Повний текст джерелаThis research was carried out in Kuuvik Bay (Nunavik, Canada) to document Dorset and Thule-Inuit occupations in an active periglacial context. Geomorphological, stratigraphical, micromorphological, macrofossil and geochemical (FTIR and ICP-AES) analyses were performed over a single-family semi-subterranean Thule-Inuit house of Paaliup Qarmangit 1 site and the surrounding periglacial valley to document site formation processes of the studied structure and to identify anthropogenic chemical signatures in the soil of the house. Off-site data enabled to reconstruct the sedimentary environments in the valley since the last glaciation. In-site approach revealed a Dorset occupation of the site (after 143-327cal A.D.) prior Thule-Inuit settlement (between 1317-1413 cal A.D. and 1466-1642 cal A.D.). Strategic features of the site (such as availability of building material, food, and water resources) may explain its use by two different cultures. Results showed the predominance of niveo-aeolian and nivation processes in the formation of the unit containing archaeological remains and provided evidence of post-depositional natural and/or anthropogenic reworking of Dorset artefacts. Soil of the house recorded moderate but significant anthropogenic chemical signatures (e.g., Mg, Fe, S), which may have been buffered by pedological processes, such as leaching and biological remobilization, and/or anthropogenic processes, such as a regular cleaning (maintenance) of the structure
Chabot, Yohan. "Approche géomorphologique de la vallée de Deli et étude géoarchéologique du site historique de Kota Cina (Sumatra Nord, Indonésie)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H058/document.
Повний текст джерелаPaleoenvironment reconstructions and geomorphological dynamics understanding are increasingly being considered with regards to archaeological research. However, in Indonesia, this approach remains unusual. The present study of Kota Cina site (North Sumatra, Indonesia) is a pioneering work that aims to understand environmental changes dynamics at the human/nature interface for the purpose of paleogeographic reconstruction. Kota Cina is an ancient trade harbour of the Strait of Malacca. It was active between the XIth and the XIVth centuries AD. Nowadays, the site is located at 7 km from the coast. In order to examine the implication of natural and anthropogenic factors in the landscape changes of the region, investigations were carried out at Kota Cina and the Deli Valley. Two approaches were developed: (1) a geomorphological approach to reconstitute the hydro-sedimentary dynamics of Kota Cina site and its valley; (2) a biogeographical approach to reconstruct the vegetation changes at Kota Cina from a phytolith analysis of the site deposits. This work highlights important paleoenvironment changes as response to unique forcings. The pre-Holocene volcanism of the region generated a major filling of the valley by its detritism. The Holocene hydro-sedimentary response has altered the geomorphology of the region through a strong incision and significant sediment transfer. Finally, during the historical period, new landscape changes took place with the environment anthropisation, especially from the XIXth century with the development of colonial plantations
Ollive, Vincent. "Dynamique d'occupation anthropique et dynamique alluviale du Rhin au cours de l'Holocène: géoarchéologie du site d'Oedenburg (Haut-Rhin, France)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684794.
Повний текст джерелаBlond, Ninon. "Dynamiques sédimentaires holocènes et terrasses agricoles dans les montagnes du Tigray oriental (Ethiopie) : évolutions, trajectoires et fonctionnement d’un paysage palimpseste depuis 8 500 ans." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2086.
Повний текст джерелаThe northern Tigray (Ethiopia) is characterized by vast plateaus with steeply sloping valleys on their edges. The bottoms of these valleys are now densely cultivated using terraces, water and soil conservation structures. In this mountainous context, archaeological remains from the Aksumite period (1st millennium BCE - 1st millennium CE) have been discovered on Wakarida site. Located on a spur, this small urban settlement raised the question of the relationship between environment, hydro-agricultural facilities and societies. Today, the surrounding valleys are filled by sedimentary accumulations several metres thick, cultivated in terraces. Are these structures the result of the centuries-old transmission of a landscape that could be called "fossil"? The result of the controlled sedimentation undertaken for a long time by the Aksumites and their descendants? The proximity of the structures and of the archaeological remains could suggest this, since the Aksumite culture has similarities with that of the South Arabians, known for their talent in the construction of hydraulic structures.To answer these questions, a systemic methodology was applied. It borrows techniques from geomorphology, geoarchaeology and sedimentology, landscape history and geohistory, and develops ethnoarchaeological and ethno-geomorphological approaches.First, the study of sedimentary accumulations in the valleys of the region makes it possible to highlight the main phases of filling and the various factors controlling detritism, whether biophysical processes (climate change, vegetation cover) or anthropogenic action (deforestation, agriculture). Sediments accumulate from the 7th millennium BCE onwards, under a more humid climate with more regular rainfall than today (African Humid Period). From the 4th millennium BCE onwards, the equilibria changed, leading to the alternation of low and high energy flows. Finally, from the 1st millennium BCE, the influence of human societies became more noticeable in deposits that testify to advanced deforestation from the 13th century AD. No agricultural structure remains were detected in the fillings, which do not result from controlled sedimentation.From the 17th century AD onwards, chronostratigraphic records are missing. Textual and iconographic archives are used to understand the evolution of plant cover and to specify the period of appearance of terraces. They shed light on the position of Wakarida, on the fringes of the Aksum kingdom, following Ethiopian kingdoms and exploration routes. This situation has allowed the persistence of farming techniques over time, some of which date back to the prehistoric period. The only notable exception is the terraces, which are absent from these testimonies. According to the archives, they did not appear in the Tigray until the 1960s.The combination of interviews and archives provides details at the scale of the studied site. The surroundings of Wakarida have recently been repopulated and current structures have been built since the 1990s, in line with agrarian reforms and socio-political events. The terraces of Wakarida reflect the close relationship between economic, social, political and biophysical processes. Their future is now threatened by the regressive erosion that affects the valleys and by the rural exodus that risks breaking the fragile balance between slope, development, cultures and societies.The current structures, which are of recent construction, are therefore based on old fillings that continue to evolve. Thus, the hydroagricultural landscapes of the Wakarida region are not fossil but palimpsest
Morhange, Christophe. "Mobilité littorale de quelques sites portuaires antiques de MéditerranéeMarseille, Pouzzoles, Cumes, Kition et Sidon." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00269281.
Повний текст джерелаLa fouille archéologique d'un bassin portuaire pose de nombreux problèmes techniques liés à l'omniprésence de la nappe phréatique au niveau de la mer. Le recours aux parois moulées, l'évacuation des eaux d'infiltration, la faible tenue des terrains par exemple, sont à l'origine de nombreuses difficultés techniques et de surcoûts importants. La mise en oeuvre d'une approche géoarchéologique, préalable à toute fouille, permet, dans la plupart des cas, une meilleure compréhension des paléoenvironnements littoraux, des processus morphodynamiques côtiers, ainsi que des logiques d'organisation de l'espace portuaire et urbain antique. Forts de notre expérience dans différents types de chantiers portuaires en Méditerranée (Marseille, Pouzzoles, Cumes, Kition et Sidon) et en tenant compte des apports de la bibliographie, nous présentons une synthèse de notre réflexion sur l'intérêt de l'utilisation des techniques géomorphologiques pour une meilleure connaissance des milieux portuaires antiques. En effet, cette démarche permet de répondre à des questions essentielles qui intéressent à la fois la communauté des archéologues, des historiens et des géographes.
La première question à laquelle peut aider à répondre cette approche est où ? Il s'agit de préciser la localisation du ou des bassins portuaires sur les sites archéologiques. Le deuxième problème auquel nous pouvons apporter des éléments est quand ? En effet, en l'absence de fouille stratigraphique coûteuse, la réflexion des archéologues est parfois limitée à des sources écrites interprétées de manière régressive et à des fouilles souvent anciennes. Cette approche chronologique va permettre de préciser la durée des aménagements portuaires antiques sur les côtes méditerranéennes.
Une troisième question, comment ? concerne la dynamique des paysages portuaires et la dynamique des paléoenvironnements. Ce vaste thème regroupe de nombreux aspects comme les impacts de l'anthropisation : stress sur les biocénoses, crises détritiques à l'origine d'envasement, pollutions urbaine et métallurgique diverses...
Marriner, Nick. "Paléoenvironnements littoraux du Liban à l'HolocèneGéoarchéologie des ports antiques de Beyrouth, Sidon et Tyr 5000 ans d'interactions nature-culture." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00147821.
Повний текст джерелаA Tyr, nous avons élaboré un modèle géomorphologique d'accrétion du tombolo. Les archives sédimentaires littorales attestent de forçages d'origine naturelle et anthropique. (1) En amont du brise-lames naturel constitué de l'ancienne île de Tyr, la Surface d' Inondation Maximale est datée vers 7500 ans BP. Des faciès limoneux et une faune marine traduisent un milieu sédimentaire de basse énergie. Cette zone a été abritée de la houle du sud-ouest par un récif gréseux d'environ 6 km de long. (2) Après 6000 ans BP, la stabilisation du niveau de la mer, couplée à des flux sédimentaires importants, a engendré l'accrétion de fonds sableux. Cette dynamique a abouti à la formation d'un proto-tombolo, 1 à 2 m sous le niveau de la mer à l'époque d'Alexandre le Grand (IVe siècle av. J.-C.). (3) Après 332 av. J.-C., la construction de la chaussée hellénistique a entraîné une segmentation irréversible du littoral Tyrien.
Mayoral, Alfredo. "Analyse de sensibilité aux forçages anthropo-climatiques des paysages protohistoriques et antiques du plateau volcanique de Corent (Auvergne) et de ses marges par une approche géoarchéologique pluri-indicateurs." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAL005/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents the results of a multi-proxy geoarchaeological study of how anthropogenic forces and climate have shaped the evolution of the landscapes of the plateau of Corent (Auvergne, France) from the Neolithic to Roman period. A detailed geomorphological map of the study area was constructed based on LiDAR data and fieldwork. Two areas were selected for geoarchaeological analysis: i) the Lac du Puy, a small pond located within the archaeological site of the plateau of Corent, and ii) la Narse de la Sauvetat, a larger hydromorphic basin in the calcareous lowlands, at the foot of the southwestern slopes of the plateau.Geoarchaeological survey in the Lac du Puy revealed an expansive group of over one thousand storage pits, dating from the Hallstatt period. The results of fieldwork permitted the construction of a chrono-stratigraphic framework and allowed a reconstruction of the main phases of the hydro-morpho-sedimentary and pedological evolution of the basin. Multi-proxy geoarchaeological analysis of sedimentary cores provided additional information concerning palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Lac du Puy. Anthropogenic impact is clearly discernable throughout five millennia starting in the Neolithic, and is identified as the main driver of the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the basin until its final destruction by human activity.In the lowlands, geomorphological analysis of la Narse de la Sauvetat revealed that the hydromorphic basin is the result of the closure of a palaeovalley by a massive landslide issuing from the southwestern slopes of the Puy de Corent. Geomorphological and stratigraphic evidence indicates that the isolation of the basin likely occurred at the beginning of the Subboreal. Lithostratigraphic analysis was used to reconstruct the main phases of the evolution of the basin from its initial alluvial phase in the late Pleistocene, through to its hydromorphic and palustrine dynamics from the late Neolithic, highlighting the strong palaeoenvironmental potential of its sedimentary record. Multi-proxy geoarchaeological analysis of three sedimentary cores from the basin, combined with results of external malacological analysis, allowed a reconstruction of the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the basin from the late Neolithic to the early Middle Ages.Results obtained from the Lac du Puy and La Narse de la Sauvetat were integrated into the broader morpho-sedimentary system of the plateau and its margins for the period between 3000 BC and 1 AD. The geographic and temporal perspective was then further enlarged through comparison with temperate Western Europe data. The evolution of the socio-environmental system of Corent and southern Limagne was analysed in detail for the first millennium BC. Finally the role of proto-urbanization processes in the forcing of morpho-sedimentary systems is examined, marking their entry into the anthropocene
Beauchamp, Axel. "Impact des aménagements hydrauliques sur les systèmes fluviaux bas-normands depuis 2000 ans : approche géomorphologique et géoarchéologique." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC024/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn Lower Normandy, knowledge of the hydrosedimentary dynamics of rivers before and during the installation of the numerous hydraulic installations since the Roman period remains very fragmentary. Little was known about the rates of erosion and sedimentation that have occurred over the last two millennia and how climatic and anthropogenic controls have influenced these processes. Thus, the challenge of this phD is to understand and measure the role of the inherited structures and operating in the current functioning of the rivers of Lower Normandy in order to help with their contemporary management. To provide answers, geomorphological and geoarchaeological researches has been carried out in several valleys. These studies make it possible to highlight the weight of the hydraulic installations and in particular the developments related to the mills in the setting up of floodplains. Indeed, the complete structuring and management of the watercourse since the Middle Ages artificialized riverbed forms and slopes, and partitioned rivers favoring lateral stability and overflow sedimentation in the floodplain conducting in the development of completely regulated rivers. The installation of mills is accompanied locally by a simplification of the river course. At the acme of the equipment there was a mill every 2,500 meters along the rivers of Lower Normandy. These transformations mean that a large part of current courses are artificial. These structures and the increase of the overbank silt sedimentation for 1000 years are at the origin of the establishment of a dynamic equilibrium resulting in the hydrosedimentary forms of the present rivers which are largely inherited. The abandonment of the management of the hydraulic structures and their destruction during the last fifty years comes to question this balance
Steinmann, Ronan. "L'influence climatique et anthropique sur trois cours d'eaux bourguignons : géoarchéologie de sites de franchissement sur la Loire, la Saône et le Doubs au cours de l'Holocène." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL032/document.
Повний текст джерелаA geoarchaeological study was led on four sections of the valleys of the Loire, Saône and Doubs rivers (Burgundy, France) in order to point out the factors influencing the alluvial dynamics on a multimillennial scale, and their effects on the preservation of archaeological information. Investigations started by roman and medieval remains of bridges discovered in active channels, were then carried out on larger parts of alluvial plains, and altogether allowed the evolutions of the channels during the Holocene period to be deducted. Various types of information on alluvial characteristics were crossed through time and space: ancient maps and XXth century or aerial photographs for centennial scale, archaeological data, geomorphological analysis, but mostly alluvial deposits for older periods. Facies analyses on fluvial sediments led to the identification and the reconstitution of successive sedimentary environments through time. The main steps of the evolution of the three rivers, after being identified and dated, were compared to previous studies in order to estimate the respective roles of climatic changes and anthropic influence on alluvial dynamics, on this regional scale, during the Holocene. Preservation of archaeological information in fluvial deposits is therefore discussed here, to reach a better understanding of taphonomic issues in such environmennts, which are potentially rich in archaeological remains
Crépy, Maël. "Les Paysages du vent : géohistoire et géoarchéologie de la dépression de Kharga (désert Libyque, Égypte) du cinquième siècle avant notre ère à nos jours : 2 500 ans d'interactions entre dynamiques éoliennes et activités humaines dans un milieu hyperaride." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2141.
Повний текст джерелаThe limiting features of the wind dynamics are scarce in the Western desert of Egypt, one of the most arid areas in the world: eolian ablation and transport are the prevailing factors of the morphogenesis. Born from artesian waters and human activities, the oases of Kharga basin form an area where the deposition processes are stronger thanks to the large amount of water and vegetation. Eolian dynamics, and their morphogenetic impacts, are strengthened by the nesting of oasis sites (deposition areas) in a desert region (sediment source-zone). The landscapes of the wind are thus formed by the juxtaposition of these areas where opposed processes occur. This thesis aims to describe, understand and explain their development.This work based on geomorphology, geoarchaeology, « géohistoire » and sedimentology gives an account on the impacts on the landscapes of the interactions between eolian dynamics and human activities since the creation of the oases 2 500 years ago. It consists in an overview of the natural and anthropogenic processes and an assessment of the living conditions in the oasis since the Antiquity.The three main results of this research are:- a typology of the elements forming the landscapes of the wind;- a descriptive modelisation of the system at stake in their formations, which is based on an asynchronous cycle of colonisation and abandonment of the sites;- an overview of the main patterns of the long-term environmental and morphogenetic evolution since the creation of the oases.This triple contribution shows that the landscapes of the wind are born from the distortion between the regional environmental trend towards degraded conditions and the local and temporary improvements of the edaphic conditions due to human activities
Purdue, Louise. "Dynamique des paysages agraires et gestion de l'eau dans le bassin semi-désertique de Phoenix, Arizona de la Préhistoire à l'époque moderne." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694627.
Повний текст джерелаTronchère, Hervé. "Approche paléoenvironnementale de deux sites archéologiques dans le delta du Nil : avaris et la branche Pélusiaque, Taposiris et le lac Mariout." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20048.
Повний текст джерелаWe studied two ancient archaeological sites of the Nile delta during this palaeoenvironmental study. These sites were well known from a archaeological point of view, and this knowledge was strengthened by a geoarchaeological approach. We aimed at answering specific questions of the Egyptologists, as well as enhancing the understanding of the palaeolandscape of these sites.The first site is Avaris. Located on the eastern margin of the delta, 60 km away from the modern coastline, this city was the capital of Egypt during the Hyksos period, in the middle of 2nd millennia BC. The settlement’s lifespan was however longer than the Hyksos period alone. The history of the city is linked to the history of the Pelusiac branch, a former arm of the Nile, nowadays drained, although modern canals seem to reuse some parts of the ancient branch. The site was studied in a pluridisciplinary fashion, and by using several tools and methods.Several coring campaigns allowed us to understand the anastomosing channels system that make the background of the site. Some of these channels have been dated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), as well as by radiocarbon. The results of this dating program, combined with sedimentological analysis made on the Holocene deposits, such as granulometry or morphoscopy, allowed us to reconstruct the history of the Pelusiac branch in the Avaris region, and to link its evolution to the human occupation.Another goal of the study, related to the interaction between man and its environment, was the search for the harbour basins of Avaris, mentioned in ancient archaeological archives. Several techniques had to be combined, since no single tool was able to solve this question by itself. Sedimentological analyses were backed up by geophysical surveys and archaeological findings. This combined approach put the emphasis on a specific area, especially well suited for harbour use. This area presents specificities in its topography, which morphogenesis results from the alteration of Pleistocene layers, in its topology, since it’s located in the centre of the city and linked to the two main river channels, and in its sedimentary facieses. Other potential harbour sites were also discovered, but we got less obvious clues for them.The second site is Taposiris. Located at western extremity of the lake Mariout, in the northwestern part of the Nile delta, the Hellenic city of Taposiris is also a harbour site. Sedimentary corings were analyzed in order to compare the various sedimentary deposition environments of the region. Four kinds of environments have been defined. The first one is the lake itself, a so-called natural environment. The other three environments are on the contrary linked to human activities. The harbour basin itself has been studied, as well as the two interface areas between the lake and the basin: the canal linking both of them, and a levy separating themselves from each other. The impact of anthropisation was observed in the harbour deposits. The compared stratigraphy of the natural and anthropised environments presents anomalies that can be traced back to human activities.In order to bring new comprehension elements about the relationship between the city of Taposiris and the lake Mariout, mathematical modelling of the water currents in the lake was undergone, by using both actualist hypothesis and ancient sources. The favourable situation of the harbour of Taposiris as far as navigation and protection against sedimentary accretion was highlighted. This study based itself on a similar modelling we did in the ancient harbour of Rome, Portus. As well as providing answer to precise archaeological questions, this last study also validated this tool as far as navigation and ancient harbour accessibility is concerned.This geoarchaeological study highlights the necessity of a pluridisciplinary approach in this kind of research. The question of which methods to use, and how to use them, was a mainstay of our work. Only a combined approach of the palaeoenvironmental problematic was efficient enough to complete this study
Écochard, Émilie. "Approche géoarchéologique et valorisation du patrimoine géomorphologique autour du Létôon (plaine de Xanthos, Turquie)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1022.
Повний текст джерелаThis work reconstructs the changing environment of the plain of the Eşen Çayı from the mid-Holocene period, paying particular attention to the environment around the shrine of Letoon and the city of Xanthos, at the time of their occupation (from the seventh century BC until the Byzantine period). The subject is examined using three different approaches. First, the historical approach compares the archaeological, historical, literary and geomorphological sources to define the boundaries of this research and identify relevant issues : the aim is to better understand the societies which occupied this space and their relationship with the surrounding environment. The geoarchaeological approach then answers these questions, relying on geophysical data (electrical resistivity) and cored sequence analysis (study of sediments, dating). It seems that when the sites were inhabited, lagoons which formerly occupied this area had been replaced by swamps. A change in the flow of the Eşen Çayı (an arm of the river which moved temporarily towards the Letoon) allowed access to the site from the sea, but the buildings were threatened by the river's silting and consequent changes of course (around the third century AD). It is only with the systematic agricultural use of the plain, in the second half of the twentieth century, that the marshes disappeared and the plain was drained and reclaimed. Finally, the heritage approach allows an epistemological and empirical discussion of the communication of results to archaeologists, site visitors and inhabitants of the plain. The concept of geomorphosite, which provides time depth to a site with remarkable geomorphological character, is used to define the plain of Xanthos as an archaeo-geomorphosite
Flaux, Clément. "Paléo-environnements littoraux Holocène du lac Maryut, nord-ouest du delta du Nil, Egypte." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3011/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe ancient city of Alexandria was founded upon a narrow beach ridge, washed by the Maryut to the south. This Nile delta lagoon has been at the heart of the industrial and commercial economies of the city from Antiquity through to present day. Against the backdrop of this rich geoarchaeological context, the aim of this coastal geomorphology thesis is to elucidate the environmental history of the Maryut region.We have reconstructed the hydrological and geographical evolution of the lagoon during the Holocene using: (1) bio-sedimentology of radiocarbon-dated sediment archives; and (2) strontium isotopes in ostracod shells. The Maryut basin was transgressed by the sea around 7.5 ka cal. BP. Progressively, Nile inputs became dominant in the lagoon's hydrological budget, concomitant with the coastal progradation of the delta. After 5.5 ka cal. BP, our data attest to a gradual return to dominant marine conditions, which we link to a reduction in Nile flow in the context of the end of the African Humid Period. This marine lagoon seems to have been perennial until 3 ka cal. BP before Nile inflow became dominant, from the 3rd millennium BP until 0.8-0.9 ka cal. BP. The sediment archives and the historical data support an important retraction of the waterbody around 1 ka cal. BP, recorded by evaporite deposits. This was followed by a new highstand around 0.7 ka cal. BP before a retraction centred on 0.3-0.2 ka cal. BP. Since around 2000 years, this contrasting environmental history is correlated with phases of agriculture peaks and recessions and shows the increasing impact of irrigation practices on the functioning of the Maryut, located at the end of the hydrological conveyor
Lescure, Séverine. "La Garonne maritime à l'holocène : dynamique, environnements et occupation humaine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010666.
Повний текст джерелаFluvial systems changed considerably during the Holocene in response to climatic, eustatic, geologic and/or anthropogenic forcings. Various studies have been conducted on this subject but few of them focused specifically on the Garonne River or on upper estuaries. This study proposes a Holocene evolution model of the Garonne upper estuary. The aim is both to understand the palaeohydrological functioning of this river-ocean interface, to specify the environments of the valley bottom, and to better understand environment-Human relationship. The model is based on the interdisciplinary study of two sites with geomorphological and archaeological interests (Langoiran and Isle-Saint-Georges), paired with data available on the rest of the valley. The results show that: (i) The fluvial section acquired its tidal character during the mid-Holocene; (ii) The lower Garonne River went through at least three “fluvial” metamorphosis (Atlantic period; younger Subboreal /older Subatlantic; Xth c. BC – Xth c. AD) during the last 10,000 years; (iii) The River has been controlled unequally by hydro-sedimentary flows coming from upstream and downstream; (iv) environment-Human relationship has been relatively strong; (v) The tide adds to all the factor standardly controlling the fluvial dynamics. The research highlights the singular dynamics of the upper estuaries and proposes a discussion on the concept of “fluvio-estuarine dynamics”
Devillers, Benoît. "Morphogenèse et anthropisation holocène d'un bassin versant semi-aride : le Gialias, Chypre." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010035.
Повний текст джерелаRey, Tony. "Dynamiques hydro-sédimentaires en Petite Camargue à l'Holocène." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00273819.
Повний текст джерела* Identifier un ancien axe fluvial holocène entre les Costières et le cordon des Sables, cerner la période d'activité principale des paléochenaux holocènes développés dans le golfe d'Aigues-Mortes ainsi que leur modalité d'évolution hydro-sédimentaire,
* mettre en relation l'activité hydrologique des chenaux et les morphologies d'embouchure, caractériser et dater les formes littorales, et à l'aide de modèles actuels approcher les conditions hydro-dynamiques fluviales et marines qui ont prévalu à leur édification, et enfin, discuter de la présence d'une cellule hydro-sédimentaire au sein du golfe d'Aigues-Mortes,
* cerner et discuter de l'influence des contrôles internes et externes dans la construction de la plaine deltaïque occidentale,
* mettre en relation les témoins archéologiques et les nouvelles données paléoenvironnementales.
La démarche adoptée est une approche intégrée de différentes disciplines et méthodes de terrain. La sédimentologie sur carottage et le travail sur coupes et à la surface ainsi que l'utilisation de référentiels actuels permettent d'appréhender les dynamiques de mise en place et la reconstitution des milieux de dépôts. Cette démarche est appuyée par l'étude des formes de surface ou à partir des reconstitutions 3D réalisées à partir des sondages.
L'étude des archives sédimentaires sur site et hors site (coupes et/ou sondages carottés) et pour les périodes récentes manuscrites et cartographiques permettent alors de 1) dégager les grandes phases et les facteurs de la transformation des paléomilieux au cours de l'Holocène, 2) préciser les contextes paléogéographiques contemporains des lieux de peuplement et 3) décrire les réponses apportées par les communautés riveraines en particulier dans les zones à sédimentation active aux échelles locales (sites) et régionales.
Les résultats acquis dans la plaine deltaïque de Petite Camargue permettent d'affiner les étapes de formation du delta du Rhône à l'Holocène. Jusqu'à l'Antiquité, la plaine deltaïque de Petite Camargue est isolée en arrière d'un vaste cordon sableux. Les fleuves débouchent et meurent alors dans un vaste bassin lagunaire qui, par ailleurs, a constitué un environnement de plus en plus favorable à la formation de crevasses fluviales. La dynamique hydro-sédimentaire entre le Petit Rhône et le Vidourle se limite dans un espace exigu ce qui par analogie au delta du Danube, pourrait constituer le Stade Bloqué de la partie occidentale du delta rhodanien. Cet épisode se termine lorsque les chenaux percent le vaste cordon littoral sableux. A partir de ce moment, les chenaux progradent vers la mer Méditerranée pour construire des lobes deltaïques. Les morphologies distinctes des lobes apparaissent clairement à la surface de la plaine. Elles expriment l'évolution des processus fluviatiles et marins et leur degré de dominance de l'antiquité romaine à la fin du Moyen Age. La variabilité des processus s'exprime alors par des lobes deltaïques ayant des caractères morphologiques et sédimentologiques qui leur sont propres.
Les apports fluviatiles et la dynamique marine contrôlent le remplissage sédimentaire du golfe d'Aigues-Mortes. Ni les variations eustatiques, ni la paléogéographie pléistocène ne semblent avoir influencé la vitesse d'avancée des lobes deltaïques fossiles. Le colmatage du paléogolfe est aussi sous l'influence de facteurs autocycliques et allocycliques. Ceux-ci sont régis par des processus hydro-sédimentaires et climatiques difficiles à appréhender. Pourtant de multiples indicateurs environnementaux et humains montrent l'existence de forçages comme celui du Petit Age Glaciaire.
Pour affiner les reconstitutions paléogéographiques (transitions entre les faciès lagunaires et fluviatiles, délimitation géométrique des sections transversales des bras morts fluviaux, modalités de remplissage sédimentaire des chenaux...), il apparaît essentiel de multiplier les sondages carottés dans la plaine deltaïque de Petite Camargue et de dater par le radiocarbone 14 les milieux de sédimentation fossiles.
L'absence d'une plus haute résolution de l'information, les effets de sites ainsi que la régulation cyclique des lobes deltaïques masquent des tendances hydro-sédimentaires reconnues sur d'autres espaces. Seule une résolution plus fine avec une comparaison multi-sites permettra d'affiner la lecture climatique des sources textuelles et des données sédimentaires et géomorphologiques.
Castanet, Cyril. "La Loire en val d'Orléans : dynamiques fluviales et socio-environnementales durant les derniers 30 000 ans : de l'hydrosystème à l'anthroposystème." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010690.
Повний текст джерелаPichot, Valérie. "Aux portes d'Alexandrie : le développement de la Maréotide hellénistique et romaine." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2125.
Повний текст джерелаThis research aims to set out an updated reading of the history of the Mareotid, of its landscape and of the evolution of its occupation in the Hellenistic and Roman eras. It is based upon a detailed analysis of the archaeological data, including the most recent, and textual and iconographic sources, as well as all the cartographic material that we have access to. This region, whose exploitation contributed greatly to the growth of Alexandria, is now experiencing the disappearance of its ancient remains at a rapid rate under the impact of galloping urbanisation and intensive exploitation of the land. However, over several years it has been, and continues to be, the object of archaeological research involving extensive prospections and systematic excavations conducted in particular by the author of this work. This study plans to gather together documentation that is scattered and largely unpublished and to propose a novel interpretative synthesis. It also aims to suggest new avenues of research that can follow the examination of the implantation of settlements and agricultural installations, in order to understand better the development of the Mareotid region. In effect, the sparse development of the area from the time of the Arab conquest, as well as the semi-desert nature of the Mareotid, cut off from the Delta and surviving on wells, have meant that the features of this part of Alexandria’s territory remained almost static up until the beginning of the 20th century. The avenues of research that we propose are based upon the study of topographic maps from the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. The precise details of these maps reflect quite faithfully the state of the Mareotid at the end of antiquity. They can therefore be analysed through the combined prisms of geography, archaeology, topography and toponymy in order to provide new information for a more detailed study of the development and agricultural exploitation of the region, an exploitation that only really began with the Ptolemaic era
Tristant, Yann. "L'occupation humaine dans le delta du Nil au 5e et 4e millénaires : Approche géo-archéologique à partir de la région de Samara (delta oriental)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0063.
Повний текст джерелаThe Nile Delta has a long history - a geological one - and a short history - a human one, from the first agricultural communities until present day during wich time Man arranged and modelled the landscape. In a such mobile environnement, human occupation during the Predynastic and the Early Dynatic period (5th and 4th millennia BC) is this study considered in the context of natural phenomena wich allowed the anthropisation of the territory, but wich also erased any trace of the settlements over the last centuries. With a case study carried out in the Samara area, more particularly on the Kôm el-Khilgan archaelogical site, we propose an analysis of a gezira site, the most common kind of settlement in Lower Egypt. It opens new perspectives for the space analysis of the sites, considering the questions related to the supply of raw materials, the integration of the localities in different hierarchical networks
Arhan, Damien. "Dynamiques des lignes de rivage et occupation humaine dans l'émirat d'Abu Dhabi à l'Holocène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL114.
Повний текст джерелаThe coastlines of Abu Dhabi, and more broadly, those of the Arabian Gulf, have played a major role in the development of human populations during the Holocene. At the same time, these environments appear to be highly vulnerable. In addition to being subject to regional climatic variations, they have also been heavily influenced by shoreline mobilities, partially controlled by sea-level fluctuations. Studying these fluctuations is therefore essential for reconstructing the paleogeographic evolution of the coasts upon which societies depended. This thesis presents a synthesis of these variations and associated paleoenvironmental changes, supported by the contribution of new fieldwork results, a review of previously published research and modelling work based on the creation of Sea-Level Index Points, both in Abu Dhabi and across the entire southern shore of the Gulf. Adopting a geoarchaeological approach, the study integrates archaeological data to replace archaeological sites within their paleoenvironmental context. Despite relatively small metric variations, the results indicate significant impacts on shoreline morphology, marked by very low elevations. They also enable archaeological maps to be put into perspective. Lastly, they confirm the existence of relative sea-level variations resulting from landmass uplift and subsidence. The identified trajectories reveal substantial regional disparities and underscore the complexity and interplay of isostatic, neotectonic and diapiric mechanisms
Glais, Arthur. "Interactions Sociétés-Environnement en Macédoine orientale (Grèce du Nord) depuis le début de l'Holocène. : Approche multiscalaire et paléoenvironnementale." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC002/document.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental disturbances recorded nowadays in global changes rise up society fears aboutsustainable development. Even if the responsibility of activities on contemporary changes is now wellknown,the specialists of past societies are still wondering if such environmental changes, either fromnatural or from anthropogenic origin, have not already affected societies development in last thousandsof years. This research project contributes to this debate on the base of long time study of Strymona lowvalley (northern Greece), from Early Holocene. The aim is to understand the relationships betweensocieties and environment by questioning the possibility of cultural collapses from environmentalorigin, and to examine the consequences of human activities (Neolithisation, Greek conquest, ...) onenvironment and his sustainability. To overcome case studies, we suggest a geographical andgeoarchaeological approach. Based on study of palaeoenvironmental archives which combinegeomorphological and palynological analyses of streams and wetlands. Our aim is to analyze the role ofagropastoral practices and climate events and oscillations on environmental changes, and on thedynamics of mosaic landscapes. Results will be compared with archaeological and historical researchesto understand the interactions between societies and their environment from sites to regional scale, fromthe Neolithic to Ottoman period and to take part actively to multidisciplinary discussions on this debate