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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Géomorphologie fluviale – Charente (France ; cours d'eau)"
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Дисертації з теми "Géomorphologie fluviale – Charente (France ; cours d'eau)"
Duquesne, Amélie. "Trajectoire d’évolution d’un cours d’eau à faible énergie au cours du second Holocène : La Charente entre Angoulême et Saintes." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS028.
Повний текст джерелаThis work proposes to study the Charente river, a low-energy river, between Angoulême and Saintes for enhance knowledge on the functioning of low-energy rivers and in particular the anastomosis. The main aims are to analyze the evolutionary trajectory of the Charente river on a multisecular timescale and identify the anthropogenic controls, geomorphological heritages and hydro-climatic variability in its trajectory ; and explain the genesis and the conservation of the anastomosis on the upstream section (Angoulême-Cognac). The method is based on a geohistorical, geomorphometrical and geomorphological approach. Results show a fluvial metamorphosis from a braiding pattern pre-Holocene to anastomosing pattern on the upstream section; a simplification of anastomosing pattern potentially begin to the Final Neolithic and the Bronze Age; a fluvio-marine influence on the downstream section during the Atlantic and the mid-Subboreal; and 4) a documentary hiatus on the rapid climate change periods. Geohistoric results expose a global stability of fluvial forms over the recent period and probably on the long-term. This conclusion needs to be nuanced. Results highlight 1) a simplification of the pattern fluvial between the recent period (mainly late 18th / late 20th centuries) dependent on the anthropisation trajectory of river and the hydro-climatic variability and 2) a complexification of the fluvial mosaic at local level during the 20th century attributed to cessation of river maintenance practices and variations of flood regime
Landon, Norbert. "L'évolution contemporaine du profil en long des affluents du Rhône moyen : constat régional et analyse d'un hydrosystème complexe : la Drôme." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040295.
Повний текст джерелаAntonelli, Christelle. "Flux sédimentaires et morphogénèse récente dans le chenal du Rhône aval." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10058.
Повний текст джерелаSchmitt, Laurent. "Typologie hydro-géomorphologique fonctionnelle de cours d'eau : Recherche méthodologique appliquée aux systèmes fluviaux d'Alsace." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1GEO9.
Повний текст джерелаWe sought to categorise the natural hydro-geomorphological features of the rivers in the study area, the Alsatian watershed of the Rhine rift valley. We also sought to develop methodological principles that could be applied in other geographical settings. Our approach is based on a representative selection of water courses in the study area. Within this selection, 187 study sites were chosen. For each site 31 quantitative and qualitative variables were computed. This data base was integrated into the GIS ArcView and a number of different multivariate analyses were carried. The main results can been summarised as follows: m we developed a functional hydro-geomorphological typology of Alsatian rivers using successive iterations between statistical analysis and geomorphological interpretation. This typology comprises 17 categories;m these results demonstrate that inherited geomorphological features - such as paleo-dynamic, glacial and fluvio-glacial deposits - and neotectonics have a considerable influence on channel dynamics;m for simplification purposes we highlighted a synthetic hierarchy of the variables: type of regional unit drained, energy, valley bottom morphology, lateral dynamic of channels, sinuosity and width/depth ratio. This hierarchy enabled us to put forward a hierarchical conceptual model of the fluvial systems studied;m the statistically-based typology of the sites was then extrapolated to all the studied rivers in dividing them into sectors. The segmentation enabled us to build up a new linear-type data base in the GIS ArcView;m the research is relevant to the understanding and knowledge of the dynamics of the Alsatian hydrosystems. Looking forward it would seem appropriate to link hydro-geomorphological typology to ecological data such as macroinvertebrates and fish. It would also be useful to study in more detail the Rhine and Ill anastomoses and paleo-anastomoses. It would also be relevant to apply our methodology in other natural regions of occidental Europe. For reasons of time and cost, such a study can be more simple than ours which is more methodologically oriented
Harmand, Dominique. "La Meuse lorraine : contribution à l'étude des alluvions anciennes de la Meuse entre Pagny s/Meuse et Mouson (Ardennes) : tentative d'une reconstitution paléographique et dynamique actuelle du bassin." Nancy 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN21008.
Повний текст джерелаAfter having presented the section of the valley as well as the former works and the methodology (first section), the author explains the conclusions of his research within 3 sections : study of the valley and conclusion (third section), study of the paleogeographic evolution and present evolution of the basin (fourth section). The alluvial sediments located between pagny s meuse and mouzon above all, are characterized by silicious deposits carried down from the vosges by the moselle river before its capture by the meurthe river. The sediments are either alluvial nappes-or more often- colluvial formations. The former recover 10 terraces from 0 to 200 m above the thalweg, the latter correspond to the lower terraces. Several measures (height, petrology, sedimentology, morphology,. . ) Have permitted the rebuilding pf 10 old fluvial nappes laid down during 10 different periods of alluviation which have been separated by periods of erosion. The alluvial units can be related to the fluvial formations of the high moselle valley. Besides, they allow us, first, to reconstitute the configuration of the successive paleovalley, secondly, to individualize the different cuestas so as the evolution of the lorraine meuse drainage basin. The numerous captures made at the expense of the latter would be mainly caused by a tectonic process
Lejeune, Olivier. "Dynamiques d'érosion des bas plateaux de l'Est de la France : l'exemple du bassin-versant amont de la Marne." Reims, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REIML010.
Повний текст джерелаIn the heart of Paris basin, the Marne valley remained an area not well known from a geomorphologic point of view despite a few specific and often old studies, while the other surrounding valleys were the subject of many works. The objective of this work consists in trying to overwhelm this gap by bringing a certain number of new information, thus offering a better comprehension of the geomorphologic evolution of the Marne valley since the beginning of its cashing in the limestone plateau of the East of France. This work takes into account various temporal scales. Thus, this thesis proceeds according to three steps of time : 1) In the first part, the stages of the incision of the Marne valley during the Quaternary are described. This work is based on the study of the geomorphological and sedimentological indices, left by the Marne and its tributary rivers at the time of their cashing. These indices are also the subject of absolute datings, which allow to determine speeds of incision, which are then compared to the other rivers of the Paris basin. Seven levels of incision were defined, ordonating in three steps. The oldest step corresponds to two vast gutters, encased in summit surface. The second step coincides with one strong incision period where three levels of terraces are staged. The third step corresponds to the filling of the bottom of the valley in which two levels of incision are encased. This information allow to bring a new insight on the old assumptions, which thought that the upper Marne belonged formerly to the Meuse basin, while passing by the valleys of Ornain-Saulx, Aisne and Bar. These hypothesis appeared to be unfounded. 2) In the second part, the more recent events (Weichsélien/Tardiglaciaire/Holocene) are examined. They worked out the bottom of the Marne valley. The processes and the chronology of the alluvial filling of the bottom of the valley are explained. Then, the evolution of the bottom of the valley on a secular and annual scale is studied. The impact of human installations and the climatic variations are highlighted in order to explain the river dynamics of the Marne. Finally, an evaluation of the specific degradation in the Marne basin at the exit of the limestone plateau allow to replace this basin in the general geomorphologic context of the East of France. 3) In the third part, the use of hydrological methods revealed at the same time transfers of water inside a catchment area and towards the basins contiguous slopes. Some sectors of generalized infiltration, loss, average output and strong output appeared, meaning a divergence or a concentration of the flows according to the morpho-structural partitioning of the aquifers limestones and the differentials of incision of the valleys. A grid hydrogeologic of the interfluves between overdrawn and surplus sectors in water is obtained, which prove the water transfers. This process constitutes the " active stream piracy " often corroborated by hydrogeologic trackings. These "active captures", revealed by these methods in hot or interglacial period, prepare future hydrographic captures of surface, commonly recognized at the beginning of cold phase
Cossin, Mélanie. "Caractérisation paysagère de quelques cours d'eau de taille moyenne des bassins du Rhône et de la Loire : éléments méthodologiques pour une gestion durable des corridors fluviaux." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_cossin_m.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRivers are the last "naturals” ecosystems in anthropic countries and are in the same time, very appreciated for their natural caracteristics. In France, the water laws of 1992 and 2006 state a global river management, between uses and protection of natural environment. In the same time, landscape is increasingly considered in management and traduced in a specific law in 1993 and in the European Landcsape Convention in 2000. Landcape studies are requested increasingly by managers and planners although they appears infrequently in global studies of rivers. In this research, we propose a methodological approach to landscape diagnosis of fluvial hydrosystems. It is based on a quantified analysis capable of being approved by all the actors concerned and of being reproduced. The aim is to realise a landscape diagnosis to propose solutions of landscape management inclusing uses and actors opinions
Gilet, Louis. "Charriage et obstacles à la continuité sédimentaire sur les cours d'eau du Morvan." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H059.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, recent regulatory developments (WFD, 2000; LEMA, 2006) require sediment continuity across the dams to be ensured. This requirement is particularly acute in the Morvan massif, where a dozen dams have been installed since the middle of the 19th century. The questions are complex: several of the rivers on which the structures have been built have only been poorly studied (medium energy plane bed with mixed coarse substrate). In addition, the fluvial systems - the Upper Yonne, the Cure and the Chalaux - are marked by a long anthropogenic influence, characterized in particular by multiple uses prior to the dams (mills, log driving). Those rivers’ energy, partly governed by the dams, is an important factor but insufficient to understand current bedload transport. The latter is indeed significantly influenced by certain morphological parameters (very coarse substrate, sedimentary structures, slope). However, current morphological conditions appear to be largely the result of several decades of disturbance in liquid and solid inputs by dams. Their effects on river processes must therefore be understood on several time scales. The study indicates that they also depend on the influences inherited from previous hydraulic uses. The past hydromorphic trajectory of the river also seems to influence the morpho-sedimentary impacts that were observed following a dam removal. Rather than a clean slate or a step backwards, dams or their removal thus represent a new evolution of the river trajectory, made up of ruptures, continuities and mutations
Grivel, Stéphane. "La Loire des îles, du Bec d'Allier à Gien : rythme d'évolution et enjeux de gestion." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/143287982#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Повний текст джерелаThe Loire is one of the main fluvial systems in France. The islands are an integral part of the landscape, particularly the anastomosing fluvial pattern of the Middle Loire, hence the name "Loire islands". This thesis focuses on the functioning of this unknown river. The islands of the Loire river result from morphological fluvial readjustment as well as customs and practices used by inhabitants of the area. The morphological approach concentrates on the evolution of the river since the 19th century, through different spatial and temporal scales. Under a Geographic Information System (GIS), it was possible to monitor the riverbed since 1850 and to analyze in detail mechanisms and rhythms of the river formation. The islands are not stabilized, therefore they can be regarded as forms of river adjustment caused by environmental perturbations (initiating factors: the discontinuation of navigation; aggravating factors: absence of large flood, incision of the riverbed, decline in agriculture, extraction of sediment). The landscape of the Loire Islands is still in transition and is indicating the trend towards the river channelization, dominated by alluvial forests. The fine scale analysis is based on studies on seasonal and inter-annual evolution of islands, as well as secondary channels. Digital Elevation Models (DEM), longitudinal profiles and topographic cross-sections integrated GIS help to quantify precisely erosion and sedimentation, according to the hydrological year. The islands are sites of sediment trapping and they emphasize the sediment deficit recorded since the middle of the 20th century. The situation of secondary channels is contrasted, but the excessive growth of vegetation in some channels triggers their perennial functioning. The results of the thesis brings tools to the Loire river management
Toone, Julia. "Discontinuités géomorphologiques et organisation des communautés benthiques sur le continuum fluvial de la rivière Drôme." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_toone_j.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаA mixed bedrock-alluvial reach of the River Drôme, France forms the central focus of this thesis. The first part examines long-term changes in channel morphology, and the development of present-day geomorphic zonation. The second part examines the present-day organisation of in-stream macroinvertebrate communities and associations with channel morphology. The study reach is located 200 m downstream from the Béoux sub-catchment, a site chosen for the experimental remobilisation of sediment to rehabilitate degradation along the reach and in downstream parts of the Drôme. The third part evaluates the likely morphological and ecological impacts of this management strategy. Analyses reveal that degradation is a discontinuous process both in time and in space. A large flood in 1978 is seen as the catalyst of zonation. By locking the reach into a particular geometry it imposed substantial spatial discontinuity in the capacity and the propensity of the channel to adjust. Spatial differences in macroinvertebrate community structure reflect spatial differences in channel behaviour. Zone-scale variation in longitudinal, lateral and vertical connectivity, and in particular bed disturbances associated with zone-scale regimes of sediment transfer and storage, control the organization of in-stream fauna. It is considered that the present-day mixed bedrock-alluvial morphology supports a more diverse fauna than historical, alluvial channels. If fluxes of bedload reintroduced to the Drôme are not inferior or excessive to the present-day regimes responsible for maintaining zonation, then this self-regulating dynamic could be maintained. This would also maintain the present-day patterns of macroinvertebrate community structure and so it is concluded that if the reach is secured with a moderate and frequent supply of bedload then the remobilization of sediment is a desirable management strategy