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Статті в журналах з теми "Geometridae Host plants":
1
Staude, Hermann S., Marion Maclean, Silvia Mecenero, Rudolph J. Pretorius, Rolf G. Oberprieler, Simon An Noort, Allison Sharp, et al. "Geometroidea: Geometridae: Geometrinae, Larentiinae, Sterrhinae; Uraniidae." Metamorphosis 31, no. 3 (March 21, 2022): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v31i3.8.
Анотація:
EXPLANATION OF THE MASTER LISTSThere are 28 master lists, grouped as convenient taxon groups and split in such a way as to make each list individually downloadable but form an integral part of the main article. Citations to these master lists should be as indicated for the main article. Each master list contains a table that is made up of eight columns and each row represents information on one rearing record. For each master list, the rearing records are ordered under family, subfamily and sometimes tribe headings (in some cases we offer a superfamily instead of a family name where we were uncertain of the family placement). The records are ordered by family, subfamily, species and then rearer name. Explanation of the information contained in each column is as follows:Ref. no. This column contains references to a unique rearing number that links the notes, photographs and reared specimens gathered during the course of the rearing. A blank field indicate that there was no reference number submitted.Lepidoptera species. This column contains the best identification that could be made of the Lepidoptera taxon at the time of publication given the resources available. The name of the taxon specialist who identified the species (if not an author) is given in brackets. A blank cell means that we were unable to identify the taxon with some certainty.Host species (Family). This columns contain the best identifications that could be made of the host species, on which the caterpillar was feeding, at the time of publication given the resources available. A blank cell means that we were unable to identify the plant species to that level with some certainty or that feeding by the caterpillar was not confirmed. In the majority of cases the host indicated is the host on which the life stage was collected in the wild and on which the caterpillar fed subsequently. In cases where the host was presented to the larva in captivity, this is indicated. Where relevant, the name of the determiner is given in brackets. The host family name is given at the end in brackets. The phrase “reared ab ovum” means that the pictured larva was reared from the egg, meaning that the entire life-history of the species (all larval instars) was recorded and documented. In most cases such larvae were reared from eggs laid by a female moth collected at a light but raised on a natural host-plant of the species (though not necessarily one occurring at the locality where the female was taken), in some cases such larvae were reared from eggs found laid on a host-plant in the wild, and in a few cases the larvae were reared on an unnatural (exotic) host-plant in captivity. Such imprecisions regarding host use are, however, also contained in records of field-collected larvae, as mature larvae sometimes feed on plants they will not take in the early instars but do switch to at a later stage, and many also naturally feed on exotic plants in the wild.Locality. This column contains a short standardised reference to the locality where the specimen used in the rearing was collected, be it any life stage or a female from which eggs were obtained. The locality field lists, in order, the locality description, followed by the closest town, province (where relevant) and then country.Date of collection (c), pupation (p), emergence (e). This column contains the dates as indicated, where available. Missing dates are indicated by a “?”.Rearer. This column contains the name(s) of the person(s) who conducted the rearing, who may or may not have been the person who collected the rearing material.Final instar larva. This column contains the photographs of the caterpillar of the species reared. In most cases they depict the final-instar larva and at the time it was still feeding, but in some cases they show the larva in the pre-pupation phase (usually on the ground) and in a few cases an earlier instar, where for some reason a photograph of the final instar was unavailable.Adult. This column contains photographs of the actual adult specimen reared from the caterpillar shown in the previous column. Photographs marked with * are not of the actual adult specimen which emerged from the imaged larva.
2
Staude, Hermann S., Marion Maclean, Silvia Mecenero, Rudolph J. Pretorius, Rolf G. Oberprieler, Simon Van Noort, Allison Sharp, et al. "Geometroidea: Geometridae: Ennominae (2)." Metamorphosis 31, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v31i3.6.
Анотація:
EXPLANATION OF THE MASTER LISTSThere are 28 master lists, grouped as convenient taxon groups and split in such a way as to make each list individually downloadable but form an integral part of the main article. Citations to these master lists should be as indicated for the main article. Each master list contains a table that is made up of eight columns and each row represents information on one rearing record. For each master list, the rearing records are ordered under family, subfamily and sometimes tribe headings (in some cases we offer a superfamily instead of a family name where we were uncertain of the family placement). The records are ordered by family, subfamily, species and then rearer name. Explanation of the information contained in each column is as follows:Ref. no. This column contains references to a unique rearing number that links the notes, photographs and reared specimens gathered during the course of the rearing. A blank field indicate that there was no reference number submitted.Lepidoptera species. This column contains the best identification that could be made of the Lepidoptera taxon at the time of publication given the resources available. The name of the taxon specialist who identified the species (if not an author) is given in brackets. A blank cell means that we were unable to identify the taxon with some certainty.Host species (Family). This columns contain the best identifications that could be made of the host species, on which the caterpillar was feeding, at the time of publication given the resources available. A blank cell means that we were unable to identify the plant species to that level with some certainty or that feeding by the caterpillar was not confirmed. In the majority of cases the host indicated is the host on which the life stage was collected in the wild and on which the caterpillar fed subsequently. In cases where the host was presented to the larva in captivity, this is indicated. Where relevant, the name of the determiner is given in brackets. The host family name is given at the end in brackets. The phrase “reared ab ovum” means that the pictured larva was reared from the egg, meaning that the entire life-history of the species (all larval instars) was recorded and documented. In most cases such larvae were reared from eggs laid by a female moth collected at a light but raised on a natural host-plant of the species (though not necessarily one occurring at the locality where the female was taken), in some cases such larvae were reared from eggs found laid on a host-plant in the wild, and in a few cases the larvae were reared on an unnatural (exotic) host-plant in captivity. Such imprecisions regarding host use are, however, also contained in records of field-collected larvae, as mature larvae sometimes feed on plants they will not take in the early instars but do switch to at a later stage, and many also naturally feed on exotic plants in the wild.Locality. This column contains a short standardised reference to the locality where the specimen used in the rearing was collected, be it any life stage or a female from which eggs were obtained. The locality field lists, in order, the locality description, followed by the closest town, province (where relevant) and then country.Date of collection (c), pupation (p), emergence (e). This column contains the dates as indicated, where available. Missing dates are indicated by a “?”.Rearer. This column contains the name(s) of the person(s) who conducted the rearing, who may or may not have been the person who collected the rearing material.Final instar larva. This column contains the photographs of the caterpillar of the species reared. In most cases they depict the final-instar larva and at the time it was still feeding, but in some cases they show the larva in the pre-pupation phase (usually on the ground) and in a few cases an earlier instar, where for some reason a photograph of the final instar was unavailable.Adult. This column contains photographs of the actual adult specimen reared from the caterpillar shown in the previous column. Photographs marked with * are not of the actual adult specimen which emerged from the imaged larva.
3
Staude, Hermann S., Marion Maclean, Silvia Mecenero, Rudolph J. Pretorius, Rolf G. Oberprieler, Simon Van Noort, Allison Sharp, et al. "Geometroidea: Geometridae: Ennominae (3)." Metamorphosis 31, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v31i3.7.
Анотація:
EXPLANATION OF THE MASTER LISTSThere are 28 master lists, grouped as convenient taxon groups and split in such a way as to make each list individually downloadable but form an integral part of the main article. Citations to these master lists should be as indicated for the main article. Each master list contains a table that is made up of eight columns and each row represents information on one rearing record. For each master list, the rearing records are ordered under family, subfamily and sometimes tribe headings (in some cases we offer a superfamily instead of a family name where we were uncertain of the family placement). The records are ordered by family, subfamily, species and then rearer name. Explanation of the information contained in each column is as follows:Ref. no. This column contains references to a unique rearing number that links the notes, photographs and reared specimens gathered during the course of the rearing. A blank field indicate that there was no reference number submitted.Lepidoptera species. This column contains the best identification that could be made of the Lepidoptera taxon at the time of publication given the resources available. The name of the taxon specialist who identified the species (if not an author) is given in brackets. A blank cell means that we were unable to identify the taxon with some certainty.Host species (Family). This columns contain the best identifications that could be made of the host species, on which the caterpillar was feeding, at the time of publication given the resources available. A blank cell means that we were unable to identify the plant species to that level with some certainty or that feeding by the caterpillar was not confirmed. In the majority of cases the host indicated is the host on which the life stage was collected in the wild and on which the caterpillar fed subsequently. In cases where the host was presented to the larva in captivity, this is indicated. Where relevant, the name of the determiner is given in brackets. The host family name is given at the end in brackets. The phrase “reared ab ovum” means that the pictured larva was reared from the egg, meaning that the entire life-history of the species (all larval instars) was recorded and documented. In most cases such larvae were reared from eggs laid by a female moth collected at a light but raised on a natural host-plant of the species (though not necessarily one occurring at the locality where the female was taken), in some cases such larvae were reared from eggs found laid on a host-plant in the wild, and in a few cases the larvae were reared on an unnatural (exotic) host-plant in captivity. Such imprecisions regarding host use are, however, also contained in records of field-collected larvae, as mature larvae sometimes feed on plants they will not take in the early instars but do switch to at a later stage, and many also naturally feed on exotic plants in the wild.Locality. This column contains a short standardised reference to the locality where the specimen used in the rearing was collected, be it any life stage or a female from which eggs were obtained. The locality field lists, in order, the locality description, followed by the closest town, province (where relevant) and then country.Date of collection (c), pupation (p), emergence (e). This column contains the dates as indicated, where available. Missing dates are indicated by a “?”.Rearer. This column contains the name(s) of the person(s) who conducted the rearing, who may or may not have been the person who collected the rearing material.Final instar larva. This column contains the photographs of the caterpillar of the species reared. In most cases they depict the final-instar larva and at the time it was still feeding, but in some cases they show the larva in the pre-pupation phase (usually on the ground) and in a few cases an earlier instar, where for some reason a photograph of the final instar was unavailable.Adult. This column contains photographs of the actual adult specimen reared from the caterpillar shown in the previous column. Photographs marked with * are not of the actual adult specimen which emerged from the imaged larva.
4
Staude, Hermann S., Marion Maclean, Silvia Mecenero, Rudolph J. Pretorius, Rolf G. Oberprieler, Simon Van Noort, Allison Sharp, et al. "Geometroidea: Geometridae: Desmobathrinae, Ennominae (1)." Metamorphosis 31, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v31i3.5.
Анотація:
EXPLANATION OF THE MASTER LISTSThere are 28 master lists, grouped as convenient taxon groups and split in such a way as to make each list individually downloadable but form an integral part of the main article. Citations to these master lists should be as indicated for the main article. Each master list contains a table that is made up of eight columns and each row represents information on one rearing record. For each master list, the rearing records are ordered under family, subfamily and sometimes tribe headings (in some cases we offer a superfamily instead of a family name where we were uncertain of the family placement). The records are ordered by family, subfamily, species and then rearer name. Explanation of the information contained in each column is as follows:Ref. no. This column contains references to a unique rearing number that links the notes, photographs and reared specimens gathered during the course of the rearing. A blank field indicate that there was no reference number submitted.Lepidoptera species. This column contains the best identification that could be made of the Lepidoptera taxon at the time of publication given the resources available. The name of the taxon specialist who identified the species (if not an author) is given in brackets. A blank cell means that we were unable to identify the taxon with some certainty.Host species (Family). This columns contain the best identifications that could be made of the host species, on which the caterpillar was feeding, at the time of publication given the resources available. A blank cell means that we were unable to identify the plant species to that level with some certainty or that feeding by the caterpillar was not confirmed. In the majority of cases the host indicated is the host on which the life stage was collected in the wild and on which the caterpillar fed subsequently. In cases where the host was presented to the larva in captivity, this is indicated. Where relevant, the name of the determiner is given in brackets. The host family name is given at the end in brackets. The phrase “reared ab ovum” means that the pictured larva was reared from the egg, meaning that the entire life-history of the species (all larval instars) was recorded and documented. In most cases such larvae were reared from eggs laid by a female moth collected at a light but raised on a natural host-plant of the species (though not necessarily one occurring at the locality where the female was taken), in some cases such larvae were reared from eggs found laid on a host-plant in the wild, and in a few cases the larvae were reared on an unnatural (exotic) host-plant in captivity. Such imprecisions regarding host use are, however, also contained in records of field-collected larvae, as mature larvae sometimes feed on plants they will not take in the early instars but do switch to at a later stage, and many also naturally feed on exotic plants in the wild.Locality. This column contains a short standardised reference to the locality where the specimen used in the rearing was collected, be it any life stage or a female from which eggs were obtained. The locality field lists, in order, the locality description, followed by the closest town, province (where relevant) and then country.Date of collection (c), pupation (p), emergence (e). This column contains the dates as indicated, where available. Missing dates are indicated by a “?”.Rearer. This column contains the name(s) of the person(s) who conducted the rearing, who may or may not have been the person who collected the rearing material.Final instar larva. This column contains the photographs of the caterpillar of the species reared. In most cases they depict the final-instar larva and at the time it was still feeding, but in some cases they show the larva in the pre-pupation phase (usually on the ground) and in a few cases an earlier instar, where for some reason a photograph of the final instar was unavailable.Adult. This column contains photographs of the actual adult specimen reared from the caterpillar shown in the previous column. Photographs marked with * are not of the actual adult specimen which emerged from the imaged larva.
5
Butler, Linda. "FOOD PLANT STUDIES FOR THE HALF-WING GEOMETER, PHIGALIA TITEA (CRAMER) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 117, no. 5 (May 1985): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent117547-5.
Анотація:
AbstractDuring 1983, collections and observations of the half-wing geometer, Phigalia titea (Cramer), were made in 2 counties of eastern West Virginia where the species had caused heavy defoliation of hardwoods in the previous 2 years. Larvae were observed on 41 species of host plants in the field. Host–plant evaluations for 69 species were made in the laboratory with 1st-instar larvae. According to criteria of response/developmental time of larvae, 33 plants were categorized as highly acceptable, 12 as acceptable, 20 as unacceptable, and 4 as toxic.
6
Futuyma, Douglas J., and Thomas E. Philippi. "GENETIC VARIATION AND COVARIATION IN RESPONSES TO HOST PLANTS BYALSOPHILA POMETARIA(LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)." Evolution 41, no. 2 (March 1987): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb05796.x.
7
Segar, Simon T., Martin Volf, Brus Isua, Mentap Sisol, Conor M. Redmond, Margaret E. Rosati, Bradley Gewa, et al. "Variably hungry caterpillars: predictive models and foliar chemistry suggest how to eat a rainforest." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1866 (November 8, 2017): 20171803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1803.
Анотація:
A long-term goal in evolutionary ecology is to explain the incredible diversity of insect herbivores and patterns of host plant use in speciose groups like tropical Lepidoptera. Here, we used standardized food-web data, multigene phylogenies of both trophic levels and plant chemistry data to model interactions between Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillars) from two lineages (Geometridae and Pyraloidea) and plants in a species-rich lowland rainforest in New Guinea. Model parameters were used to make and test blind predictions for two hectares of an exhaustively sampled forest. For pyraloids, we relied on phylogeny alone and predicted 54% of species-level interactions, translating to 79% of all trophic links for individual insects, by sampling insects from only 15% of local woody plant diversity. The phylogenetic distribution of host-plant associations in polyphagous geometrids was less conserved, reducing accuracy. In a truly quantitative food web, only 40% of pair-wise interactions were described correctly in geometrids. Polyphenol oxidative activity (but not protein precipitation capacity) was important for understanding the occurrence of geometrids (but not pyraloids) across their hosts. When both foliar chemistry and plant phylogeny were included, we predicted geometrid–plant occurrence with 89% concordance. Such models help to test macroevolutionary hypotheses at the community level.
8
GUEDES, ROZILEUDO DA SILVA, TEOTÔNIO LUCAS SABINO FERNANDES, and FERNANDO CÉSAR VIEIRA ZANELLA. "FIRST RECORD OF Numia terebintharia GUENÉE (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) IN Ziziphus joazeiro MART. (RHAMNACEAE) IN BRAZIL." Revista Caatinga 34, no. 1 (January 2021): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n124rc.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Geometridae is one of the most diverse Lepidoptera families; however, little information about Geometridae species is found, even regarding their distribution and basic biology, which are in general restricted to type locality. Lists of species and their host plants are not found for the Semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil. The present note reports the occurrence of caterpillars of the species Numia terebintharia Guenée consuming leaves of evergreen trees of Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. in a site with xerophilous deciduous Caatinga vegetation in that region. Some trees had approximately 90% of their leaves with injuries. This is the first record of N. terebintharia caterpillars occurring in Brazil and the first record of Z. joazeiro as their host plant.
9
Futuyma, Douglas J., and Thomas E. Philippi. "Genetic Variation and Covariation in Responses to Host Plants by Alsophila pometaria (Lepidoptera: geometridae)." Evolution 41, no. 2 (March 1987): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2409137.
10
DINIZ, I. R., H. C. MORAIS, A. M. F. BOTELHO, F. VENTUROLI, and B. C. CABRAL. "Lepidopteran caterpillar fauna on lactiferous host plants in the central Brazilian cerrado." Revista Brasileira de Biologia 59, no. 4 (November 1999): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71081999000400012.
Анотація:
Nine lactiferous plants of five families were examined for caterpillars in a 4 ha cerrado sensu stricto (savanna-like vegetation) area of the University of Brasília Experimental Farm (DF, Brazil), from August 1995 to May 1997. In 5,540 censuses, less than 5% of the plants hosted caterpillars. All the caterpillars found, a total of 55 species in 15 families were reared under laboratory conditions. Pyralidae, Geometridae, Elachistidae, Megalopygidae, and Limacodidae were the richest caterpillar families recorded. Of the 55 species, more than 40% were polyphagous, feeding on different host plant families, while 21 were considered rare species with less than four records during the study period. The species' rareness did not permit any analysis of diet breadth. The presence of latex in the host plants seems to affect both the proportion of host plants with caterpillars (abundance) and the caterpillar species richness. The habit of eating plants that characteristically produce latex occurs in several distantly-related lepidopteran families. The results support the argument that specific behaviors to circumvent plant latex defense may have arisen independently many times in the Lepidoptera.
Дисертації з теми "Geometridae Host plants":
1
Geraldo, Mariana. "Larvas de Geometridae (Lepidoptera) e seus parasitoides em sub-bosque nativo na Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus São Carlos, Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2046.
Анотація:
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Geometridae larvae and their parasitoids were surveyed in a understory at Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus São Carlos, SP. Larvae were colected among April 2009 to April 2010, with an entomological umbrella in 18 native species plants. It obtained 863 larvae including 46 species and 24 genera belong to majority the Ennominae. The Larentiinae and Sterrhinae subfamilies were also represented for Eois and Cyclophora, respectively. The Ennominae genus obtained were: Certima, Glena, Herbita, Hymenomima, Iridopsis, Ischnopteris, Isochromodes, Lomographa, Macaria, Melanolophia, Microgonia, Microxydia, Nematocampa, Oxydia, Patalene, Pero, Phyllodonta, Physocleora, Prochoerodes, Sabulodes, Thyrinteina and Trotopera. Macaria rigidata was the more abundant species which represented 31%. It recorded 174 parasitized larvae from which 337 parasitoids emerged. They are distributed among Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) and Diptera, with Hymenoptera predominance. The obtained parasitoids were: Diolcogaster, Protapanteles, Glyptapanteles, Aleiodes, (Braconidae), Casinaria, Charops, Cryptophion, Diradops, Dusona, Jomine, Neotheronia, Podogaster, Polycyrtus, Mesochorinae (Ichneumonidae), Euplectrus (Eulophidae) and Tachinidae (Diptera). It recorded new parasitoids species of the genus: Diradops, Jomine and Neotheronia (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Geometridae larvae were present throughout the collection period and had increased occurrence at the end of rainy season.
Foi realizado um levantamento de larvas de Geometridae e de seus parasitoides em um subbosque localizado na Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus São Carlos, SP. As larvas foram coletadas, no período de abril de 2009 a abril de 2010, por meio de guarda-chuva entomológico em 18 espécies de plantas nativas. Foram coletadas 863 larvas incluindo 46 espécies e 24 gêneros pertencentes na maioria aos Ennominae. As subfamílias Larentiinae e Sterrhinae foram também representadas, respectivamente com os gêneros Eois e Cyclophora. Os gêneros de Ennominae obtidos foram: Certima, Glena, Herbita, Hymenomima, Iridopsis, Ischnopteris, Isochromodes, Lomographa, Macaria, Melanolophia, Microgonia, Microxydia, Nematocampa, Oxydia, Patalene, Pero, Phyllodonta, Physocleora, Prochoerodes, Sabulodes, Thyrinteina e Trotopera. A espécie mais abundante foi Macaria rigidata que representou 31%. Foram registradas 174 larvas parasitadas das quais emergiram 337 parasitoides distribuídos em Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) e Diptera, com a predominância de Hymenoptera. Os parasitoides obtidos foram: Diolcogaster, Protapanteles, Glyptapanteles, Aleiodes, (Braconidae), Casinaria, Charops, Cryptophion, Diradops, Dusona, Jomine, Neotheronia, Podogaster, Polycyrtus, Mesochorinae (Ichneumonidae), Euplectrus (Eulophidae) e Tachinidae (Diptera). Foram registradas novas espécies de parasitoides dos gêneros: Diradops, Jomine e Neotheronia (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). As larvas de Geometridae estiveram presentes em todo o período de coleta e apresentaram maior ocorrência no final do período chuvoso.
2
Geraldo, Mariana. "Geometridae (Lepidoptera) e Hymenoptera parasitoides em área de Mata Estacional Semidecídua na Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio - SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9304.
Анотація:
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Larvae of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) were obtained with an entomological umbrella, from October 2013 to September 2015, in two areas of semi-deciduous forest (Mata/Cerradão and Mata) at Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, São Paulo state. The larvae of Geometridae were kept in the laboratory until the adult or parasitoid emergence. Especimens of the families Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were obtained, from January 2014 to February 2015, with two Malaise traps located in the same local of collection of Geometridae larvae. The material obtained in the Malaise traps was sorted, the individuals of the families Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were identified in subfamily level and the Microgastrinae, Cheloninae and Rogadinae, Campopleginae and Mesochorinae subfamilies were identified at the genus level. A total of 416 larvae of Geometridae weas collected, 190 in the Mata/Cerradão stretch and 226 in the Mata stretch, of which, 52 and 39, respectively, were parasitized. Among the Geometridae, the subfamily Ennominae was represented by individuals of 14 genera (Argyrotome, Glena, Hymenomima, Iridopsis, Ischnopteris, Lomographa, Macaria, Nepheloleuca, Patalene, Phrygionis, Physocleora, Prochoerodes, Rhomboptila and Trotopera), the subfamily Larentiinae by four (Eubaphe, Eupithecia, Euphyia and Pterocypha) and the subfamily Sterrhinae by two (Cyclophora and Idaea). A total of 91 larvae of Geometridae, from 11 genera, were obtained parasitized by 198 parasitoids. The parasitoids obtained belong to the families Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae and Diptera. The Malaise traps provided 2720 individuals of the Ichneumonoidea superfamily, of these 1210 are Braconidae and 1510 are Ichneumonidae, in the Mata/Cerradão stretch, and 702 in the Mata stretch, of which 214 individuals of the Braconidae family and 488 individuals of the Ichneumonidae family. Among the Braconidae, the subfamily Microgastrinae was the most abundant, with 44.5% of individuals in the Mata/Cerradão stretch and 31.8% in the Mata stretch. Eighteen genera of Microgastrinae were recorded (Alphomelon, Apanteles, Choeras, Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles, Hypomicrogaster, Iconella, Microplitis, Papanteles, Parapanteles, Pholetesor, Prasmodon, Promicrogaster, Protapanteles, Pseudapanteles and Rasivalva), five of Rogadinae (Aleiodes, Choreborogas, Rogas, Stiropius and Yelicones) and four of Cheloninae (Ascogaster, Chelonus, Microchelonus and Phanerotoma). Between the Ichneumonidae collected, 161 individuals were obtained from the subfamily Campopleginae in the Mata/Cerradão stretch and 35 in the Mata stretch. The genera of Campopleginae obtained were Campoletis, Campoplex, Casinaria, Charops, Cryptophion, Cymodusa, Diadegma, Dusona, Hyposoter, Microcharops and Venturia.
Larvas de Geometridae (Lepidoptera) foram obtidas por meio de guarda-chuva entomólogico, no período de outubro de 2013 a setembro de 2015, em duas áreas de mata estacional semidecídua (transecto Mata/Cerradão e transecto Mata) na Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, São Paulo. As larvas de Geometridae foram mantidas em laboratório até a emergência do adulto ou do parasitoide. Exemplares das famílias Braconidae e Ichneumonidae foram obtidos, no período de janeiro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015, por meio de duas armadilhas Malaise localizadas nos mesmos transectos de coleta das larvas de Geometridae. O material obtido nas armadilhas Malaise foi triado, os indivíduos das famílias Braconidae e Ichneumonidae foram identificados em nível de subfamília e as subfamílias Microgastrinae, Cheloninae e Rogadinae, Campopleginae e Mesochorinae foram identificados em nível de gênero. Foram coletadas 416 larvas de Geometridae, 190 no transecto Mata/Cerradão e 226 no transecto Mata, das quais, 52 e 39, respectivamente, estavam parasitadas. Entre os Geometridae, a subfamília Ennominae foi representada por indivíduos de 15 gêneros (Argyrotome, Cimicodes, Glena, Hymenomima, Iridopsis, Ischnopteris, Lomographa, Macaria, Nepheloleuca, Patalene, Phrygionis, Physocleora, Prochoerodes, Rhomboptila e Trotopera), a subfamília Larentiinae por quatro (Eubaphe, Eupithecia, Euphyia e Pterocypha) e a subfamília Sterrhinae por dois (Cyclophora e Idaea). Foram obtidas 91 larvas de Geometridae, de 11 gêneros, parasitadas por 198 parasitoides. Os parasitoides obtidos pertencem às famílias Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae e Diptera. As armadilhas Malaise forneceram 2720 indivíduos da superfamília Ichneumonoidea, destes 1210 Braconidae e 1510 Ichneumonidae, no transecto Mata/Cerradão e 702 no transecto Mata, dos quais 214 indivíduos da família Braconidae e 488 indivíduos da família Ichneumonidae. Entre os Braconidae, a subfamília Microgastrinae foi a mais abundante, com 44,5% de indivíduos no transecto Mata/Cerradão e 31,8% no transecto Mata. Foram registrados 18 gêneros de Microgastrinae (Alphomelon, Apanteles, Choeras, Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles, Hypomicrogaster, Iconella, Microplitis, Papanteles, Parapanteles, Pholetesor, Prasmodon, Promicrogaster, Protapanteles, Pseudapanteles e Rasivalva), cinco de Rogadinae (Aleiodes, Choreborogas, Rogas, Stiropius e Yelicones) e quatro de Cheloninae (Ascogaster, Chelonus, Microchelonus e Phanerotoma). Entre os Ichneumonidae coletados, foram obtidos 161 indivíduos da subfamília Campopleginae no transecto Mata/Cerradão e 35 no transecto Mata. Os gêneros de Campopleginae obtidos foram Campoletis, Campoplex, Casinaria, Charops, Cryptophion, Cymodusa, Diadegma, Dusona, Hyposoter, Microcharops e Venturia.
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Ramachandran, Raman. "Behaviour of first instar `Ectropis excursaria` (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in relation to host-finding process." 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr165.pdf.
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Ramachandran, Raman. "Behaviour of first instar Ectropis excursaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in relation to host-finding process." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20581.
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Timlick, Blaine Herbert Leslie. "Studies on the fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Manitoba, with reference to performance on different host trees, defoliation intensity and host plant selection." 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/7242.
Анотація:
Studies were conducted to examine the performance of the fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harris), when reared under various conditions, and also to examine adult host selection cues upon eclosion. Fall cankerworm larvae were reared on two age classes of foliage from four species of trees. Cankerworm larvae were also reared on foliage from trees of one species that were under three different degrees of defoliation. Indices of performance were survival, duration of the larval feeding life, prepupal weight, pupal duration, and fecundity of the females. Studies were conducted in both laboratory and field settings. Results indicate that fall cankerworm larvae reared on young foliage have greater performance than do larvae reared on more mature foliage; in general the disadvantage of feeding on mature foliage was less on birch (Betula x sargentii Dugle) and willow (Salix lutea [Nutt.]) than on oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) and elm (Ulmus americana L.). Results suggest that fall cankerworm responds to the changes in foliar quality of Betula x sargentii (Dugle), but it is not clear whether all of these changes are induced by the level of defoliation intensity, or whether other stresses, such as drought, are involved. Results also indicate that both male and female fall cankerworm adults are attracted to vertical silhouettes. The factors influencing the differences and their evolutionary implications are discussed.
Книги з теми "Geometridae Host plants":
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Duncan, Robert W. Confer Defoliators Of British Columbia. Canadian Forest Service, 2006.
Частини книг з теми "Geometridae Host plants":
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Tanhuanpää, Miia, and Kai Ruohomäki. "Population Cycles of the Autumnal Moth in Fennoscandia." In Population Cycles. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140989.003.0012.
Анотація:
Most species of insect herbivores are restricted to low densities, but some display large-scale density fluctuations, including periodic outbreaks (Faeth 1987, Mason 1987, Hanski 1990, Hunter 1995). The tendency to reach high densities has been related to certain life history traits (Hunter 1991, 1995, Tammaru and Haukioja 1996). However, all populations of a given outbreaking species do not necessarily display high densities. In those cases, outbreaks are frequently more pronounced in populations in physically severe and marginal habitats (Wallner 1987, Myers and Rothman 1995). The autumnal moth, Epirrita autumnata (Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is an example of a species with both outbreaking and nonoutbreaking populations. In mountain birch [Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti] forests of northern and mountainous Fennoscandia (hereafter northern populations), E. autumnata displays fluctuations with a statistically significant periodicity of 9-10 years (Tenow 1972, Haukioja et al. 1988, Bylund 1995). During outbreaks, forests may be totally defoliated and trees may even die over large areas (Tenow 1972, Lehtonen and Heikkinen 1995). In more southern parts of the species' Holarctic distribution (hereafter southern populations), outbreaks are absent and populations remain at low densities. Cycles of northern E. autumnata populations vary in their amplitude (Tenow 1972). Outbreak densities that produce conspicuous defoliation are typically reached in only some areas, and often in different areas during successive peaks (Tenow and Bylund 1989). Empirical data indicate a fairly regular pattern of fluctuations, that is synchronous on a regional scale, also in populations with moderate or low peak densities (Bylund 1997). Thus, there are two main questions regarding population regulation of northern and mountainous E. autumnata—what causes the cycles, and what causes spatial variations in outbreak severity? In southern populations, the main question is what prevents outbreaks? Larvae of E. autumnata hatch early in spring at the time of birch bud break. Birches (Betula spp.) are the main host plants, although larvae are able to feed on many deciduous trees and shrubs (Seppänen 1970).
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Geometridae Host plants":
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Oryniak, Andrii, and Igor Orynyak. "Swelling of VVER-1000 Core Baffle: Numerical Modeling and Direct Measurement of its Geometrical Dimensions." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65769.
Анотація:
Traditionally, the brittle strength evaluation of reactor pressure vessel was the central issue in lifetime assessment of Ukrainian nuclear power plants (NPPs). The problem of swelling of the reactor core baffle only recently got due attention from the side of operator. Here the most efforts were given on numerical modeling of austenitic steel 08Kh18N10T swelling and its effect on induced stresses in core baffle and distortion of its geometry. The calculation shows that essential changing of core baffle dimensions is expected after 35–40 years of operation. Eventually this can lead to the contact with the core barrel. Yet, these predictions contain the big number of uncertainties related to the input data used in analysis: fluence distribution; temperature variation due to heat release induced by neutron and gamma radiation; thermal-hydraulic boundary condition between the baffle and coolant; and, especially, the adopted law of swelling in dependence with above factors as well as mechanical stresses. So, the second task was to measure the real geometry of baffle after 27 years of operation, to determine its change and compare these results with the numerically calculated data with accounting for the design tolerances. Thus, the spatial measurement system (SMS) equipped with ultrasonic gages was designed. It contains the central vertical beam which can move in vertical direction and rotate. To the lower end of the beam four horizontal levels are attached, which are equipped with device resistant to the hot water and radiation. The gages are used to measure the shortest distances to the edges of baffle. Two types of results were obtained. The first one are the measurements in the different horizontal planes obtained by rotation the SMS around the vertical axis with angular steps equal to 1 degree. These results were difficult to handle with and required a special mathematical treatment due to the possible shift of the centre of measurement. The second set of measurements was performed by moving the SMS in vertical direction. These data demonstrate the change of distance with the height. The results clearly show that problem of swelling do exists, and, in general, the measured patterns of the distortions along the vertical and angular coordinates correspond to numerically obtained results. Further work on baffle integrity is however needed.
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Amulfi, G. L., D. Micheli, and P. Pinamonti. "Velocity Measurements Downstream of the Impellers in a Multistage Centrifugal Blower." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-041.
Анотація:
The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on a four-stage centrifugal blower, having the aim of obtaining an accurate description of the flow field behind the impellers in several operative conditions and for different geometrical configurations. Actually, the test plant allows to change the turbomachinery characteristics assembling one, two, three or four stages and three different types of diffusers. In this first research step, the blower has been tested in the four-stage vaneless diffuser configuration. The unsteady flow field behind the impellers and in the diffusers has been measured by means of a hot-wire anemometer. A Phase Locked Ensemble Averaging Technique has been utilised to obtain the relative flow field from the instantaneous signals of the stationary hot-wire probes. Several detailed measurements sets have been performed using both single and crossed hot-wire probe, to obtain the velocity vectors and turbulence trends, just behind the blower impellers and in several radial positions of the vaneless diffusers. These measurements have been done at different flow rate conditions, covering unsteady flow rate phenomena (rotating stall) too. The results obtained allowed to get a detailed flow field analysis in the multistage centrifugal blower, in relation to the geometrical configuration and to the differing operating conditions.
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Le Duff, Jean Alain, Bruno Tacchini, Jean Michel Stephan, Regis Tampigny, Antoine Fissolo, and Ludovic Vincent. "High Cycle Thermal Fatigue Issues in RHRS Mixing Tees and Thermal Fatigue Test on a Representative 304 L Mixing Zone." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57951.
Анотація:
In May 1998, a leak (30 m3 / h) occurred in the reactor heat removal system (RHRS) of the CIVAUX 1 power plant (PWR type N4 – 1400 MWe) which was then in a hot shutdown situation. A 180 mm through-wall crack was found in a 304 L austenitic stainless steel elbow in a mixing area of high and low temperature fluids [1, 2]. All mixing zones of main (␀10″) and minimum flow lines (␀4″) of the four N4 plants were affected by cracking [3]. After metallurgical examinations of these austenitic stainless steel components and an analytical damage evaluation, the major root cause for cracking was identified as high cycle thermal fatigue. The cracks were found in the mixing tees and at the roots of welds in mixing areas. The presence of ground surface finishes and geometrical discontinuities (weld roots and tapers) were identified as amplifier of fatigue damage. For the new RHRS mixing zones of N4 plants, decision was taken to suppress welds or locate them away from mixing area and to improve the surface condition (remove the weld root singularity, remove striations due to machining by polishing and reduce residual stresses). For the other 54 French PWRs (900 & 1300 MWe) with different design of RHRS mixing zones, the inspections showed that they were also all damaged by thermal fatigue with generally small cracks less than 3 mm excepted for the PWRs of Saint Alban 2 (5 mm) [4]. To reproduce the thermal fatigue phenomenon occurring in mixing zones, a representative endurance thermal fatigue test named “FATHER” was performed by CEA under an EDF, CEA and AREVA NP agreement [5, 6]. The test lasted 300 hours. It was performed on a 304L stainless steel mixing zone of 7 mm thick and 6″ diameter with a temperature difference of 160°C between cold and hot fluids. Different internal surface finishes were introduced in the test mock-up: coarse and fine grinding, industrial polishing, as extruded surfaces and as welded or flushed joints. Numerous NDE were performed during and after the endurance fatigue test like ultrasonic examinations or dye liquid penetrant inspections. They lead to the observation of many small thermal fatigue cracks located near as welded joints, on ground surfaces and on unpolished flushed welds. Cracks were not observed on industrially polished surfaces reproduced in straight piping sections or in flushed plus polished welds. After the test of 300 hours, the mock-up was axially cut in two symmetric half parts and sampling plates containing thermal fatigue cracks were machined from each of the half mock-up to perform detailed metallographic examinations. More than 50 thermal fatigue cracks with depths of 100 to 1000 μm were observed. Cracks initiate mainly on geometrical discontinuities like weld toes or grinding striations. Test results have also allowed to improve and to validate methods and tools for predicting crack initiation in mixing zones. The “FATHER” experiment can be seen as a significant contribution for preventing the risk of HCF in PWR equipment.
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Catalano, Luciano Andrea, Fabio De Bellis, Riccardo Amirante, and Matteo Rignanese. "A High-Efficiency Heat Exchanger for Closed Cycle and Heat Recovery Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22509.
Анотація:
Designing and manufacturing high-efficiency heat exchangers is usually considered a limiting factor in the development of both heat recovery Joule-Brayton cycles and closed-cycle (external combustion) gas turbine plants. In this work, an innovative heat exchanger is proposed, modeled and partially tested to validate the developed numerical model employed for its design. The heat exchanger is based on an intermediate medium (aluminum oxide Al2O3) flowing in counter-current through an hot stream of gas. In this process, heat can be absorbed from the hot gas, temporarily stored and then similarly released in a second pipe, where a cold stream is warmed up. A flow of alumina particles with very small diameter (of the order of hundreds of micron) can be employed to enhance the heat transfer. Experimental tests demonstrate that simple one-dimensional steady equations, also neglecting conduction in the particles, can be effectively employed to simulate the flow in the vertical part of the pipe, namely to compute the pipe length required to achieve a prescribed heat exchange. On the other side, full three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have been performed to demonstrate that a more thorough gas flow and particle displacement analysis is needed to avoid some geometrical details that may cause a bad distribution of alumina particles, and thus to achieve high thermal efficiency.
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Valle´e, Christophe, Tobias Seidel, Dirk Lucas, Akio Tomiyama, and Michio Murase. "Comparison of CCFL Experiments Performed in Two Different Models of the Hot Leg of a PWR With Rectangular Cross-Section." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30089.
Анотація:
In order to investigate the two-phase flow behaviour during counter-current flow limitation in the hot leg of a pressurised water reactor, two test models were built: one at the Kobe University and the other at the TOPFLOW test facility of Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD). Both test facilities are devoted to optical measurement techniques, therefore, a flat hot leg test section design was chosen. Counter-current flow limitation (CCFL) experiments were performed, simulating the reflux condenser cooling mode appearing in some accident scenarios. The fluids used were air and water, both at room temperature. The pressure conditions were varied from atmospheric at Kobe to 3.0 bar absolute at TOPFLOW. According to the presented review of the literature, very few data is available on flooding in channels with rectangular cross-section, and no experiments were performed in the past in such rectangular models of a hot leg. Usually, the macroscopic effects of CCFL are represented in a flooding diagram, where the gas flow rate is plotted versus the discharge water flow rate. Commonly, the non-dimensional superficial velocity (also known as the Wallis parameter) is used to plot the flooding diagram. However, the classical definition of the Wallis parameter contains the pipe diameter as characteristic length, which was originally defined by Wallis (1969) for counter-current flow limitation in vertical pipes and not in near horizontal channels with rectangular cross-section. In order to be able to perform comparisons with pipe experiments and to extrapolate to the power plant scale, the appropriate characteristic length should be determined. Because the experimental projects on this subject at the Kobe University and at FZD were launched independently, a detailed comparison of both test facilities is presented. With respect to the CCFL behaviour, it is shown that the essential parts of the two hot leg test sections are very similar. This geometrical analogy allows to perform meaningful comparisons. However, clear differences in the dimensions of the cross-section (H × W = 150 × 10 mm2 in Kobe, 250 × 50 mm2 at FZD) make it possible to point out the right characteristic length for hot leg models with rectangular cross-sections. The hydraulic diameter, the channel height and the Laplace critical wavelength (leading to the Kutateladze number) were tested. The experimental results obtained in the two test facilities clearly show that the channel height is the suited characteristic length. Finally, the experimental results are compared with similar experiments and empirical correlations for pipes available in the literature. In spite of the scatter of the data and of the different correlations, it was noticed that flooding is reached at slightly lower gas fluxes in the hot leg models with rectangular cross-section compared to pipes.
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Bohn, Dieter, and Robert Krewinkel. "Influence of a Broken-Away TBC on the Flow Structure and Wall Temperature of an Effusion Cooled Multi-Layer Plate Using the Conjugate Calculation Method." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50378.
Анотація:
Within Collaborative Research Center 561 “Thermally Highly Loaded, Porous and Cooled Multi-Layer Systems for Combined Cycle Power Plants” at RWTH Aachen University an effusion-cooled multi-layer plate configuration is investigated numerically by application of a 3-D in-house fluid flow and heat transfer solver, CHTflow. Previous conjugate calculations have shown a considerably decreased surface temperature for a hole geometry with a broken-away TBC, but could not attribute this effect conclusively to the decreased surface or the changed fluid flow conditions resulting from the changed outlet geometry. For this work, both conjugate calculations and calculations with adiabatic wall temperatures are conducted to analyse the flow in and around a hole with a fan-shaped outlet. The adiabatic calculations will exclude the effect of the solid body, making a quantification of its effects possible. The geometrical setup and the fluid flow conditions derive from modern gas turbine combustion chambers and bladings and are the same for both types of calculations. The numerical grid contains the coolant supply (plenum), the solid body for the conjugate calculations and the main flow area on the plate. The effusion-cooling is realized by finest drilled holes with a diameter of 0.2 mm that are shaped in the region of the thermal barrier coating. The flow field and the resulting temperature distributions on the hot gas surface will be discussed in detail for the two approaches, two blowing ratios and two different fan-shapes. Finally, the results will be discussed from the point-of-view of optimising the cooling effectivenss for effusion cooling geometries. The results will show that only for the smallest blowing ratio and the largest cooling hole exit area the decreased surface area of the TBC is the dominant factor.
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Goinis, Georgios, Marcello Benvenuto, Stefano Gino Mosele, and Andrea Schneider. "Simulation of a Multistage Compressor at Low Load Operation with Additional Bleed Air Extraction for Minimum Environmental Load Reduction." In GPPS Chania22. GPPS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33737/gpps22-tc-96.
Анотація:
The need for more flexible operation of gas-fired power plants has led manufacturers to exploit possibilities to retrofit existing systems and increase turndown capabilities, lowering the minimum environmental load (MEL) - the lowest output at which the unit can operate and still meet environmental emissions limits. A possible measure for the compressor to enable a reduced MEL is to extract significant mass flow rates through the bleed ports in operation with a closed IGV to lower the mass flow entering the combustor, enabling a further load reduction while maintaining emissions. For this measure to be implemented, a stable operation of the compressor has to be ensured at the reduced MEL conditions. It is well known that bleed-air offtake at full speed shifts the loading towards the rear stages of the compressor. At MEL, the rear stages already operate at an increased loading compared to base-load. Therefore, to confirm the viability of bleed offtake as a turndown strategy, the effects on performance and stability have to be quantified for operation at MEL. Of particular interest is how an increase in air extraction through the bleed ports influences the stability of the compressor at MEL, especially when the offtake is from low pressure. Information on the degradation of the stability margin due to the additional bleed-air extraction at MEL is gained through numerical simulations. Full-compressor CFD simulations of an F-class gas turbine at reduced MEL conditions are performed. The influence of several geometrical and numerical modeling details is studied, and the model is validated against a comprehensive set of experimental data. The numerical results show good agreement with the experimental data, even with increased bleed air extraction. It can be concluded that bleed-air extraction is a capable method of reducing the compressor discharge mass flow rate significantly. The extraction rate is limited by the stability of the last compressor stages. To verify the integrity of the whole GT at operation under such conditions, e.g., the thermal state of hot parts, further analysis should be performed.
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Andreini, Antonio, Bruno Facchini, Alessio Picchi, Lorenzo Tarchi, and Fabio Turrini. "Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Thermal Effectiveness in Multi-Perforated Plates for Combustor Liner Effusion Cooling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94667.
Анотація:
State-of-the-art liner cooling technology for modern combustors is represented by effusion cooling (or full-coverage film cooling). Effusion is a very efficient cooling strategy based on the use of multi-perforated liners, where metal temperature is lowered by the combined protective effect of coolant film and heat removal through forced convection inside each hole. The aim of this experimental campaign is the evaluation of the thermal performance of multi-perforated liners with geometrical and fluid-dynamic parameters ranging among typical combustor engine values. Results were obtained as adiabatic film effectiveness following the mass transfer analogy by the use of Pressure Sensitive Paint, while local values of overall effectiveness were obtained by eight thermocouples housed in as many dead holes about 2 mm below the investigated surface. Concerning the tested geometries, different porosity levels were considered: such values were obtained both increasing the hole diameter and pattern spacing. Then the effect of hole inclination and aspect ratio pattern shape were tested to assess the impact of typical cooling system features. Seven multi perforated planar plates, reproducing the effusion arrays of real combustor liners, were tested imposing 6 blowing ratios in the range 0.5–5. Test samples were made of stainless steel (AISI304) in order to achieve Biot number similitude for overall effectiveness tests. To extend the validity of the survey a correlative analysis was performed to point out, in an indirect way, the augmentation of hot side heat transfer coefficient due to effusion jets. Finally, to address the thermal behaviour of the different geometries in presence of gas side radiation, additional simulations were performed considering different levels of radiative heat flux.