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Готові списки джерел за темами / Geometridae Food

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Geometridae Food"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 30 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Geometridae Food":

1

Segar, Simon T., Martin Volf, Brus Isua, Mentap Sisol, Conor M. Redmond, Margaret E. Rosati, Bradley Gewa, et al. "Variably hungry caterpillars: predictive models and foliar chemistry suggest how to eat a rainforest." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1866 (November 8, 2017): 20171803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1803.

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A long-term goal in evolutionary ecology is to explain the incredible diversity of insect herbivores and patterns of host plant use in speciose groups like tropical Lepidoptera. Here, we used standardized food-web data, multigene phylogenies of both trophic levels and plant chemistry data to model interactions between Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillars) from two lineages (Geometridae and Pyraloidea) and plants in a species-rich lowland rainforest in New Guinea. Model parameters were used to make and test blind predictions for two hectares of an exhaustively sampled forest. For pyraloids, we relied on phylogeny alone and predicted 54% of species-level interactions, translating to 79% of all trophic links for individual insects, by sampling insects from only 15% of local woody plant diversity. The phylogenetic distribution of host-plant associations in polyphagous geometrids was less conserved, reducing accuracy. In a truly quantitative food web, only 40% of pair-wise interactions were described correctly in geometrids. Polyphenol oxidative activity (but not protein precipitation capacity) was important for understanding the occurrence of geometrids (but not pyraloids) across their hosts. When both foliar chemistry and plant phylogeny were included, we predicted geometrid–plant occurrence with 89% concordance. Such models help to test macroevolutionary hypotheses at the community level.

2

Vasilenko, S. V., E. A. Beljaev, and V. V. Dubatolov. "GEOMETRID MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA, GEOMETRIDAE) OF THE LOWER AMUR. MESSAGE II." Amurian Zoological Journal 5, no. 4 (2013): 408–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/1999-4079-2013-5-4-408-428.

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3

Itämies, Juhani, and Gergely Várkonyi. "Notes on the biology of Entephria polafa (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)." Entomologica Fennica 8, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.83923.

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A new food plant, Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum (Hagerup) Böcher, is reported ror Entephria polata.Larvae were observed to live on the buds of the plant in early summer. The find is discussed and the older records reviewed.

4

Schmidt, Olga. "Larval food plants of Australian Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) - a review of available data." Biodiversity Data Journal 4 (March 21, 2016): e7938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/bdj.4.e7938.

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5

Butler, Linda. "FOOD PLANT STUDIES FOR THE HALF-WING GEOMETER, PHIGALIA TITEA (CRAMER) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 117, no. 5 (May 1985): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent117547-5.

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AbstractDuring 1983, collections and observations of the half-wing geometer, Phigalia titea (Cramer), were made in 2 counties of eastern West Virginia where the species had caused heavy defoliation of hardwoods in the previous 2 years. Larvae were observed on 41 species of host plants in the field. Host–plant evaluations for 69 species were made in the laboratory with 1st-instar larvae. According to criteria of response/developmental time of larvae, 33 plants were categorized as highly acceptable, 12 as acceptable, 20 as unacceptable, and 4 as toxic.

6

Spitzer, Karel, Josef Jaroš, and Ingvar Svensson. "Geographical variation in food plant selection of Eupithecia gelidata Möschler, 1860 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)." Entomologica Fennica 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.83506.

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The relict bog populations of Eupithecia gelidata Möschl. in South Bohemia are obligatorily associated with Ledum palustre L., which is here the dominant shrub, all Salix species being absent. In the subarctic and boreal populations of E. gelidata, altemative food plants are willows (Salix spp.). Under laboratory conditions, larvae of the Bohemian populations can accomplish their development feeding on Salix, but Ledum is clearly preferred. The larvae living on Ledum and Salix are usually differently coloured. Thus, in spite of the different food plants and coloration of the larvae, the species seems to be taxonomically homogeneous.

7

Kula, Emanuel, Alena Pešlová, Petr Martinek, and Pavel Mazal. "Effects of nitrogen on bionomics and food consumption of Cabera pusaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)." Entomologica Fennica 25, no. 1 (April 15, 2014): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.41465.

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Birches, Betula pendula Roth, grown in pots were fertilized with ammonium nitrate (NH4 NO3) in the amounts of 0 g, 0.5 g, 1 g and 1.5 g per plant four times per season on moist soil surface with subsequent gradual dissolution by watering. Cabera pusaria caterpillars from laboratory w ere fed on leaves with different content of nitrogen (19.2 - 47.4 mg×g-1 ). The excessive content of nitrogen in food appeared to be a stress factor as it increased mortality and development time of the caterpillars, decreased food consumption and weight of larvae and pupae, and caused anomalies at pupation. This is as expected for a summer-feeding caterpillar feeding on foliage with seasonally decreasing concentration of nitrogen.

8

Recher, Harry F., and William E. Davis Jr. "Foraging Ecology of a Mulga Bird Community." Wildlife Research 24, no. 1 (1997): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96052.

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Mulga is a distinctive woodland or shrub community with a wide distribution across the semi-arid zone of southern and central Australia. Mulga (Acacia aneura) is the dominant shrub and small tree, but other species of Acacia are common. Typical of Australian habitats in the arid zone, mulga has a core of resident bird species that is augmented by nomadic (opportunistic) species when conditions are favourable. This paper describes the foraging behaviour and habitat use of a mulga avifauna in the vicinity of Alice Springs during late winter, when many opportunistic species were present. Data were obtained for 24 species, of which 16 were confirmed as nesting. Many birds, regardless of their normal foraging habits, converged on a common food resource: a geometrid moth (Geometridae) that was abundant on mulga plants. Despite their use of a common food resource, species differed in their foraging behaviour, proportions of different substrates used, and foraging heights. Ground-foraging species dominated the avifauna, but in most respects the guild structure of the community was a scaled-down version of Eucalyptus forest avifaunas. Differences in guild structure between mulga and eucalypt forest are best explained by differences between the two habitats in the kinds of resources (e.g. foraging substrates, types of food) that are available.

9

Vasilenko, S. V., E. A. Beljaev, and V. V. Dubatolov. "GEOMETER MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA, GEOMETRIDAE) OF THE LOWER AMUR. PART I." Amurian Zoological Journal 5, no. 3 (2013): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/1999-4079-2013-5-3-291-306.

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10

Bikang, Hugues Bi Ateme, Stephan Ntie, Thibaud Decaëns, and Rodolphe Rougierie. "First Assessment of Nocturnal Lepidopteran Communities in the Forest Savannah Mosaic of the Plateaux Batéké, Southeastern Gabon." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2, no. 6 (December 12, 2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2021.2.6.298.

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Lepidopterans are an important component of central African biodiversity. Indeed, they play an important role as plant pollinators, food source, bio-indicators, and even pests for local crops. However, almost nothing is known about these moths in central Africa, while they are being increasingly threatened by significant landscape changes due mainly to infrastructure constructions and climate change. So, the mosaic of forests and savannah in the Plateaux Batéké (southeastern Gabon) constitutes a unique opportunity to study how Lepidopteran communities might evolve along an ecological gradient with upcoming changes in forest cover in the region. A total of 2824 specimens, representing 14 distinct families or subfamilies, were sampled using light-trapping and sorted into morphospecies, while a subset of 95 samples was further investigated using both morphological and molecular methods. Community comparison of nocturnal Lepidopteran showed that there was a significant difference in terms of abundance only between sampling sessions. Indeed, this could be due to food availability between sampling sessions. In May and June in Gabon, most plants have flowers and fruits and moth families such as Geometridae and Sphingidae emerge at that time. The most represented family in our sampled specimens was the Geometridae, which prefers habitats with permanent river courses as is the case in our sampling area. However, a more comprehensive study using various trapping methods, during several seasonal cycles and with more replicates in each habitat type is needed for a better understanding of the community structure and ecological traits that characterize nocturnal Lepidopteran in the Plateaux Batéké of Gabon.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Geometridae Food":

1

Saalmann, Kerstin. "Geometrie und Kinematik des tertiären Deckenbaus im West-Spitzbergen Falten- und Überschiebungsgürtel, Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard = Geometry and kinematics of the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust belt, Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/313888280.pdf.

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2

ATAÍDE, Jair Stefanini Pereira de. "Transferência de calor durante o processo de pasteurização de polpas de frutas armazenadas em recipientes obtidos por revolução de áreas planas." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/180.

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Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2017-12-12T20:48:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JAIR STEFANINI PEREIRA DE ATAÍDE – TESE (PPGEP) 2014.pdf: 4947088 bytes, checksum: 8019d110744376ffaadc9a31152768ad (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-12T20:48:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JAIR STEFANINI PEREIRA DE ATAÍDE – TESE (PPGEP) 2014.pdf: 4947088 bytes, checksum: 8019d110744376ffaadc9a31152768ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-24
O aumento na demanda por produtos alimentícios por parte da população requer uma indústria alimentícia moderna e de qualidade, na qual se faz necessário avaliar e ter conhecimento profundo, dentre outras coisas, das propriedades termofísicas dos alimentos, principalmente daqueles submetidos a uma tecnologia de conservação pelo uso do calor. Neste estudo, o fenômeno da difusão transiente de calor foi estudado em gêneros alimentícios pastosos contidos em recipientes com forma geométrica arbitrária. Dessa forma, tem-se o intuito de disponibilizar as análises das implicações da consideração de uma difusividade térmica constante (ou dependente da temperatura média) no estudo de transferência de calor durante a pasteurização de produtos cuja forma possa ser obtida pela revolução de áreas planas. Em adição, propôs que a difusividade térmica seja uma função da temperatura local no interior do produto, possibilitando uma maior precisão na descrição da transferência de calor. Para isso, foi discretizada e resolvida numericamente a equação de difusão escrita em coordenadas generalizadas, através do método dos volumes finitos, com uma formulação totalmente implícita, para condições de contorno de primeiro tipo. O código computacional foi desenvolvido em FORTRAN, usando o estúdio CVF 6.6.0, na plataforma Windows XP. As ferramentas numéricas foram validadas através de dados obtidos na literatura para o cilindro infinito. Para comprovação da eficiência do método de pasteurização realizou-se análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas antes e após o tratamento térmico. A análise e comparação dos resultados mostraram que ocorre uma redução dos micro-organismos totais, sem proporcionar tanta alteração nutricional, particularmente no valor proteico das polpas, proporcionando segurança alimentar com um menor gasto energético. Bem como, uma vez conhecida a expressão da difusividade térmica em função da temperatura local, é possível definir o tempo necessário para que o alimento acondicionado em um recipiente com uma geometria qualquer e simetria de revolução, entre em equilíbrio térmico com uma temperatura previamente definida, através de simulações. Dessa forma, torna-se desnecessário a realização de experimentos a cada vez que um novo recipiente for utilizado para acondicionar o produto.
The increase in demand for food products by the population requires a modern and quality food industry, where it is necessary to evaluate and have deep knowledge, among other things, the thermophysical properties of foods, especially those subjected to a conservation technology by use of heat. In this study, the phenomenon of transient heat diffusion was studied in pasty foodstuffs in containers of arbitrary geometric shape. Thus, it has been the aim of the analysis of the implications of an account (or dependent on the average temperature) to study the transfer of heat during pasteurisation of products whose shape can be obtained by the flat areas provide thermal diffusivity constant revolution. In addition, proposed that the thermal diffusivity is a function of the local temperature inside the product, providing greater precision in the description of the heat transfer. For it was discretized and numerically solved the diffusion equation written in generalized coordinates by the finite volume method with a fully implicit formulation for boundary conditions of the first kind. The computer code was developed in FORTRAN, using the CVF Studio 6.6.0 on Windows XP platform. The numerical tools were validated using data from the literature for the infinite cylinder. To prove the efficiency of the pasteurization method was carried out physicochemical and microbiological before and after heat treatment analysis. The analysis and comparison of the results showed that a reduction in total micro-organisms occurs, without providing much nutritional changes, particularly in the pulp protein value of providing food security to a lower energy expenditure. And, once known the thermal diffusivity of the expression depending on the local temperature, it is possible to set the time required for the food packed in a container with any geometry and symmetry of revolution, comes into thermal equilibrium with a previously set temperature, through simulations. Thus, it becomes unnecessary to perform experiments each time a new container is used for packaging the product.

3

Salles, Lise. "Contrôles structuraux en 3 dimensions de la sédimentation turbiditique dans les chaînes plissées : exemple des Grès d’Annot (SE de la France)." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL024N/document.

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Les Grès d’Annot préservés dans les chaînes subalpines méridionales sont des turbidites riches en sable déposées dans le basin d’avant pays alpin durant l’Eocène supérieur et l’Oligocène inférieur. La sédimentologie et la stratigraphie de ce système turbiditique ont déjà été étudiées, mais le contexte structural reste mal connu. Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude tectonique des Grès d’Annot, combinant un travail de terrain et l’utilisation d’outils de modélisation géométrique en 3D (gOcad) et cinématique (Trishear), centrés sur les sous-bassins d’Annot, du Grand Coyer et de Sanguinière. L’objectif est d’étudier l’héritage et l’évolution structural du bassin turbiditique et de le replacer dans le contexte régional du SE de la France. Les résultats indiquent que le remplissage du bassin périalpin précoce (Eocène et Oligocène) est bien plus complexe qu’une simple migration de la sédimentation (Grès d’Annot) et de la déformation vers l’avant pays. Ils révèlent des interactions entre tectonique et sédimentation à différentes échelles. A l’échelle de l’avant-pays, une coupe équilibrée illustre le contrôle primordial de la marge passive salifère préexistante sur la structure de la chaîne plissée. Le sel triasique constitue un décollement basal régional, qui de par sa faiblesse, a accommodé une déformation alpine précoce d’une large zone de l’avant-pays dès l’Éocène moyen et supérieur. Les variations de stratigraphie mécanique des séries mésozoïques sont à l’origine d’un changement de style structural : lors de la compression, plusieurs niveaux de décollement actifs se développent dans la partie orientale où les séries sont plus argileuses et plus fines. Ceci induit, en surface, une géométrie de bassin complexe avec des plis de longueurs d’ondes différentes et des migrations de charnière au cours de la sédimentation turbiditique. L’héritage structural du bassin d’avant-pays, jusqu’alors sous-estimé, est le résultat de l’ouverture de la Téthys alpine et d’une déformation précoce régionale exprimée par des plis d’axe E-W qui débute dès le Crétacé supérieur et s’accentue durant l’Éocène moyen. Des résultats préliminaires de thermochronologie (datations U-Th/He sur zircons détritiques de grès moyens à grossiers ou de granodiorites présentes dans les coulées de débris du dépocentre de Sanguinière) suggèrent une exhumation des reliefs à l’origine du matériel détritique liée à cette déformation crétacée. L’étude structurale détaillée de la série des Grès d’Annot et de son substratum dans les sous-bassins d’Annot et du Grand Coyer permet de définir en 3D les connections entre les dépocentres et de proposer une évolution structurale de ceux-ci à l’échelle du bassin. Les paléocourants montrent un parallélisme avec la direction des plis majeurs, indiquant un confinement alors que des directions divergentes à proximité des structures tectoniques plus mineures ou transverses suggèrent que ces dernières interagissent avec les écoulements. Les turbidites se déposent parallèlement dans plusieurs synclinaux alpins, actifs en alternance ou en même temps. A l’échelle des dépocentres, la modélisation géométrique 3D du dépocentre d’Annot en utilisant gOcad permet d’identifier les structures héritées et de démontrer la contemporanéité du plissement alpin et des dépôts turbiditiques. La migration de l’onlap des dépôts de grès et la variation des pendages à l’intérieur des membres turbiditiques sont associées à une migration du dépocentre. Cette géométrie est liée à une migration de la charnière synclinale qui favorise une tendance des dépôts à migrer latéralement plutôt qu’à s’empiler.D’un point de vue sédimentologique et stratigraphique, les Grès d’Annot sont connus pour être un bon analogue des réservoirs des grands fonds de type « riches en sable », situés sur les marges passives en aval de deltas
The Annot Sandstone, exposed in the southern sub-alpine chains, consists of sand-rich turbidites deposited in the Tertiary Alpine foreland basin (Upper Eocene – Lower Oligocene Annot Sandstone basin). While the sedimentology and stratigraphy of this turbidite system have been largely described and discussed, its structural framework remains unconstrained. This thesis presents a study of the tectonics of the Annot Sandstone basin based on field surveys and 3D geometrical (gOcad) and kinematic modelling (Trishear), focusing in particular on the Annot, Grand Coyer and Sanguinière sub-basins. Objectives were to determine the structural evolution of the sub-basins, including the role of inherited features, and to use these data to better constrain the alpine tectonic history of SE France.Infill of the early alpine foreland basin is more complex than a simple foreland migration of sedimentation and deformation. Results reveal complex interactions of tectonics and sedimentation at different scales during deposition of the Annot Sandstone.•At the foreland scale, a balanced cross-section illustrates the critical control by the pre-existing salt-based passive margin architecture on the structure of the fold and thrust belt. Triassic evaporates regionally acted as a weak basal detachment, accommodating an early alpine deformation phase of the whole foreland from the Middle to Upper Eocene. Variations in mechanical stratigraphy within the Mesozoic sediments generated a change in structural style. For example, the eastern region is characterized by a thinner, shalier Mesozoic succession, leading to several active detachments during alpine compression. Multiple fold wavelengths and synsedimentary rolling hinges generated by these active detachments led to complex depocentres. The previously under-estimated structural heritage of the foreland basin derived from rifting and spreading of the Alpine Tethys and from an early regional deformation responsible for E-W trending folds, which began in the Late Cretaceous and increased during the Middle Eocene. Preliminary thermochronology results (U-Th/He datings on detrital zircons of medium to coarse sandstone blocks and granodiorite blocks from debris flows of the Sanguiniere depocentre) suggest an exhumation of source areas during this Cretaceous deformation.•A detailed study of structures within the Annot and Grand Coyer sub-basins and their Cretaceous substrate revealed connected depocentres evolving in 3D at the basin scale. Paleocurrent directions are mainly parallel to the main alpine fold axes recording structural confinement, while some diverging directions indicate flow interaction with minor or oblique tectonic features. Turbidites were deposited along the axis into several alpine synclines, which were simultaneously or successively active.•Concerning the depocentre infill, 3D geometrical modelling of the Annot depocentre (using gOcad) was used to identify inherited structures and to constrain alpine fold activity during turbidite deposition. The onlap migration and the specific stacking and dip pattern within turbidite members (laterally rather than vertically stacked deposits) record depocentre migration linked with a rolling synclinal hinge. Due to its sedimentology and its stratigraphy, the Annot Sandstone is well-known as an analogue for sand-rich reservoirs deposited at delta toes in deep-water passive margins. This study reveals that, structurally, it is also a good example of axially-sourced turbidite depocentres developed on a multi-detachement fold and thrust belt

4

Durand, Philippe. "Traitement des donnees radar varan et estimation de qualites en geologie, geomorphologie et occupation des sols." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077183.

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Ce travail porte sur l'exploitation thematique des donnees radar varan en geologie et l'occupation des sols. Les deux premieres parties passent en revue les pretraitements subis par l'image: elimination du bruit et corrections geometriques. Ces chapitres suivants exploitent l'analyse multisources, ainsi que les methodes issus de la morphologie mathematique et de l'analyse de texture

5

Ramachandran, Raman. "Behaviour of first instar `Ectropis excursaria` (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in relation to host-finding process." 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr165.pdf.

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6

Ramachandran, Raman. "Behaviour of first instar Ectropis excursaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in relation to host-finding process." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20581.

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7

Anbarian, Mehrdad. "Identification and classification of geometrical parameeters related to foot pathologies." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15444.

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Книги з теми "Geometridae Food":

1

Saalmann, Kerstin. Geometrie und Kinematik des tertiären Deckenbaus im West-Spitzbergen Falten- und Überschiebungsgürtel, Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard =: Geometry and kinematics of the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust belt, Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2000.

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2

Pedersen, Jean J., and Kent A. Pedersen. Geometric Playthings to Color, Cut and Fold. Dale Seymour Publications, 1986.

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3

Dyèvre, Xavier. MARQUETERIE GEOMETRIQUE: Frisages, jeux de fond, placages de meubles. Blurb, 2017.

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Частини книг з теми "Geometridae Food":

1

Ng, Hing N., and Richard L. Grimsdale. "GEOFF — A geometrical editor for fold formation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 124–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60697-1_95.

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2

Ul Haque, M. Z., P. Du, Leo K. Cheng, and M. D. Jacobs. "An Anatomically Realistic Geometrical Model of the Intra-epidermal Nerves in the Human Foot." In IFMBE Proceedings, 368–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02913-9_94.

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3

Heap, R. B. "Animals and the Human Food Chain." In Feeding a World Population of More Than Eight Billion People. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113129.003.0025.

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The argument that the population explosion presents a serious challenge to the ability of the world to feed itself and a serious threat for the recovery potential of the planet has been well rehearsed. The Reverend Thomas Malthus, an ordained minister of the Anglican church and a Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, stated in his famous essay nearly 200 years ago that “population, when unchecked, increases in a geometrical ratio. Subsistence increases only in an arithmetical ratio” (Malthus, 1798). Since 1950 the human population has doubled, and U.N. projections indicate that it is set to reach about 8 billion by the year 2020 and 9.5 billion in 2050. The trajectory of the sigmoid model predicts that the current exponential increase will stabilize around a figure of 10 billion by 2100. A different model is the J-shaped curve, in which exponential growth during favorable conditions is followed by a dramatic, if recoverable, crash resulting from density-dependent destruction of the environment. Whichever model will apply in future, population growth will be checked somehow, depending on the influence of food security, fertility control, and socioeconomic factors. Many of the chapters in this book have focused on land resources and the opportunities that exist for improvements in crop production. While a substantial component of the planet’s biomass consists of vegetation, it would be unwise to underestimate the direct and indirect contributions of livestock to food security. In this chapter I consider the impact of scientific advances on animal production and the human food chain and examine the reasons there are strong dissenting voices raised against the adoption of some technologies and to what extent such concerns affect progress. The Brundtland Commission (1987) defined food security as secure ownership of, or access to resources, assets, and income-earning activities to offset risks, ease shocks, and meet contingencies. In other words, not everyone is intended to be a subsistence fanner, but everyone must possess the means to acquire an adequate diet. For most of the world’s population this is a rational interpretation of food security, with the prosperous producing that which is surplus to indigenous needs and the less developed areas benefiting from that surplus’s distribution to areas of scarcity.

4

Chauhan, Aarti, and Jitendra Kumar. "Analysis of Kinematics of a 12-DOF Biped Robot Gait by Parametrization of Its Body Trajectories." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde221244.

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This paper focuses on modeling forward and inverse kinematics of a 12-DOF bipedal robot and parametrizing its body trajectory to generate different gaits on 3D terrain.The 12-DOF kinematic chain represents the lower body part of the humanoid robot. The Cartesian coordinate is assigned to each link of the biped robot using the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) convention. One step of the bipedal walk is divided into three walk phases depending on whether one foot or both feet are in contact with the ground.Time parameterized cubic splines construct the biped robot’s mid-hip and swinging foot trajectory.The inverse kinematic determines the values of the joint angles corresponding to hip and swinging foot frame trajectory using the geometric relation between foot ankle point, knee position,and hip position. The complete one-step gait of the biped robot is represented in the form of a stick diagram.The proposed method is a geometrical approach to parameterize the gait of a biped robot for one step of the walk in terms of hip and swinging foot trajectory optimization is required to determine energy optimal balanced gait, which we envisage as our future task.

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Waterlow, J. C. "Needs for Food: Are We Asking Too Much?" In Feeding a World Population of More Than Eight Billion People. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113129.003.0006.

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The Royal Society has in recent years taken a great interest in the growth of the world’s population and has been represented at the two big international congresses on this subject, in Delhi and in Cairo (Graham-Smith, 1994). According to U.N. projections, in 20 year’s time the world population will be between 7.5 and 8.5 billion (Demeny, 1996). There does not seem to be much controversy about these figures. On the other hand, when it comes to the question of whether it will be possible to feed these 8 billion people, opinions diverge widely between optimists and pessimists. McCalla (1995), the director of the Agriculture and Natural Resources Department of the World Bank, in a very illuminating discussion of the controversy, has said, “The economists are always wrong,” presumably because they have to deduce future trends from those of the past. It seemed to us that the best way to make a useful contribution is to look at the subject and assess the possibilities from an objective scientific point of view. The Royal Society has done this twice in the past, with two discussion meetings: one on Agricultural Efficiency (Cooke et al., 1977) and the other on Technology in the 1990s: Agriculture and Food (Blaxter and Fowden, 1985). Now, 10 years on, it is time to have another go, widening the scope of the recent discussion meeting “Land Resources: On the Edge of the Malthusion Precipice?” The late Kenneth Blaxter, in a scries of lectures called “People, Food and Resources,” published in 1986, recalled a quotation from Friedrich Engels, writing in 1844 about the Malthusian dilemma: “Science advances in proportion to the knowledge bequeathed to it by the previous generation and thus under the most ordinary conditions grows in geometrical progression — and what is impossible for science?” (my italics).

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Headrick, Daniel R. "Transforming Information : The Origin Of Statistics." In When Information Came of Age. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135978.003.0005.

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We live in a sea of numbers. surrounded by a culture of statistics—IQs, grade point averages, gross domestic products, batting averages, Dow-Jones Industrial Averages, probabilities of precipitation—it is not easy to imagine a world just awakening to the meaning of numbers. Statistics, in the sense of numbers representing data, first appeared in the eighteenth century and became a regular feature of the cultural landscape in the early nineteenth century. Nothing illustrates better the transformative power of numbers than the changing views of one of the era’s most influential thinkers, Thomas Robert Malthus. Malthus (1766 –1834) will always be remembered for his lapidary statements such as: “Population, when unchecked, increases in a geometrical ratio. Subsistence only increases in an arithmetical ratio.” This statement sounds mathematical, as if it were a law of nature, yet ominous: “if unchecked,” disaster will surely strike. That is how Malthusians, then and now, have always read it. Malthus wrote these words in 1798 to refute giddy optimists like the Marquis de Condorcet and William Godwin, who believed in the inevitability of progress. Though sincere, he wrote his Essay on Population without benefit of data. It aroused a passionate debate and encouraged the government to undertake the first census in British history in 1801. Armed with census data, Malthus revisited his ideas. He published a second edition in 1803 and, in later years, four more revised editions; they bore the same title but a different subtitle, for they were really a different work: many times longer, full of information, and much more refined. In the course of his life, Malthus changed his thinking about population and subsistence. He no longer predicted an inevitable demographic disaster but instead realized that “in no state that we have yet known, has the power of population been left to exert itself with perfect freedom.” Unlike North Americans and “uncivilized” peoples, Europeans kept their numbers under control by preventive checks, rather than waiting for famines to bring populations in line with the food supply: “An infrequency of the marriage union from the fear of a family . . . may be considered . . . as the most powerful of the checks, which in modern Europe, keep down the population to the level of the means of subsistence.”

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Geometridae Food":

1

Bytsenko, A. A., Piotr Kielanowski, S. Twareque Ali, Anatol Odzijewicz, Martin Schlichenmaier, and Theodore Voronov. "Global Anomaly and Stability of Fold Product of Complex Two-Cycles." In XXVIII WORKSHOP ON GEOMETRICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3275597.

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2

Fujinaga, Aiichiro, Minoru Yoneda, and Maiko Ikegami. "Risk Assessment of the Intake of Foods and Soil With the Radionuclides and the Air Radiation Dose After the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15862.

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Risk assessment of soil contaminated with radionuclides was performed by considering the intake of radionuclides in foods based on measured concentrations. Due to the disaster at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in 2011, radionuclides were spread out over an area of 13,000 km2. Radionuclides were found in the food, and the Japanese people are concerned about eating foods from Fukushima and the surrounding area. Radionuclides such as 134Cs and 137Cs were found on soil, buildings, plants, and so on. The exposure routes were determined to be (1) food intake, (2) ingestion and inhalation of soil particles, and (3) external radiation from the ground. Then, the total doses of all exposure routes for one year and over a lifetime were calculated, and the committed effective doses for the lifetime were evaluated. To estimate the intake of food, the concentrations can be obtained from the database of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The foods are divided into 16 types to estimate the daily intake. The geometrical means of the intake were calculated using monthly data for each group of food. Then, the intake from food for one year was calculated for each generation. The committed effective doses were calculated using the intake of each radionuclides times the dose coefficient. For the air dose, three cases were set as exposure scenarios. Case 1 was used for people who stay in a house for 24 hours, such as infants, pregnant females, and bedridden people. Case 2 was used for house wives and office workers, who stay outside for 4 hours and inside for 20 hours. Case 3 was used for children, farmers, and construction workers, who stay outside for 8 hours and inside for 16 hours. As a result, exposure through the ingestion and inhalation of soil particles were negligible, and exposures by food intake and external exposure from the ground were comparatively large. This study shows that the air dose by this disaster should be less than 0.2 μSv/hour to control the radiation dose with the consumption of food being less than 1 mSv/year. However, to maintain the lifetime dose under 100 mSv, several mSv/y is sufficient, considering radioactive decay and dilution by advection and diffusion. The risk assessment based on land use can provide information about the priority of countermeasures against the contamination and provides reasonable decontamination methods or risk management strategies.

3

Furuya, Hiroshi, Yoko Miyazaki, and Hiroyasu Takeuchi. "Deployment Characteristics of Creased Membrane for Solar Sail on Geometrical Configuration and Fold Pattern." In 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1908.

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4

Hsiao, S. Y., and P. S. Wei. "Geometrical Effects of an Entrapped Bubble on Pore Shape in Solid." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50490.

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The shape of a pore which results from a bubble entrapped by a solidification front is predicted in this work. Pore formation and its shape in solid influence not only microstructure of materials, but also contemporary issues of various sciences of biology, engineering, foods, geophysics and climate change, etc. This work extends previous models by accounting for realistic mass, momentum and energy transport across a self-consistently determined shape of the bubble cap beyond the solidification front. Accurate determination of contact angle from a realistic shape of the cap is required to predict the relevant shape of the pore in solid. The results shows that an increase in Bond number and decrease in initial contact angle decrease radius and length of the pore and time for bubble entrapment. The predicted growth and entrapment of a tiny bubble as a pore in solid are found to agree with experimental data. A realistic prediction and control of the pore shape in solid has therefore been obtained.

5

Ishida, Sachiko, Taketoshi Nojima, and Ichiro Hagiwara. "Application of Conformal Maps to Origami-Based Structures: New Method to Design Deployable Circular Membranes." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12725.

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This paper presents a new method using conformal transformation to design crease patterns of circular membranes that can be wrapped up compactly. This method is focused on the advantages of origami that are packaged compactly and deployable at will, and enables to design complex deployable structures systematically and efficiently from simple structures, controlling angles among fold lines. Various deployable circular membranes are successfully produced by the method. They are wrapped up around the center of membranes and form structures such as regular polygons, rectangles, diamond shapes, etc. Circular membranes with zigzag fold lines to radial direction are also demonstrated. They are deployable along radial direction of membranes. The proposed method is flexible to generate zigzag fold lines, compared with the method by mirror image, since zigzag fold lines can be designed close to the center of membranes without geometrical constraints. For industrial application, models made of a plastic film, closing and a stainless steel plate are also demonstrated.

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Liu, Yufei, Lei Jiang, Chong Tian, Boyang Xing, Zhirui Wang, Bo Su, Tong Yan, Liang Ding, and Haibo Gao. "Foothold Selection Considering Constraint and Slippage Evaluation for Legged Robots." In 11th Asia-Pacific Regional Conference of the ISTVS. International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56884/zees3819.

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Legged robots over a rugged terrain can be accomplished by taking the environment and control constraint models into account when planning foothold and robot movements. In this paper, the foot-terrain slippage evaluation model for 3-DOF leg based on dynamics model is proposed. The authors evaluate the geometrical characteristics of each cell on the local elevation map, checks slippage state constraints and kinematic constraints. Then, we employ reinforcement learning and imitation learning to develop the relationship between the local elevation map, robot state, and robot behavior. The method can help to select the foothold considered geometrical characteristics on the elevation map and the robot state can be determined. The experiments were carried out on legged robots walking over rough terrain in both simulation and real robotic platforms. And the experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

7

Hong, Dennis W., and Raymond J. Cipra. "Analysis and Visualization of the Contact Force Solution Space for Multi-Limbed Mobile Robots With Three Feet Contact." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dac-48836.

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A new analytical method for determining, describing, and visualizing the solution space for the contact force distribution of multi-limbed robots with three feet in contact with the environment in three-dimensional space is presented. The foot contact forces are first resolved into strategically defined foot contact force components to decouple them for simplifying the solution process, and then the static equilibrium equations are applied to find certain contact force components and the relationship between the others. Using the friction cone equation at each foot contact point and the known contact force components, the problem is transformed into a geometrical one to find the ranges of contact forces and the relationship between them that satisfy the friction constraint. Using geometric properties of the friction cones and by simple manipulation of their conic sections, the whole solution space which satisfies the static equilibrium and friction constraints at each contact point can be found. Two representation schemes, the “force space graph” and the “solution volume representation,” are developed for describing and visualizing the solution space which gives an intuitive visual map of how well the solution space is formed for the given conditions of the system.

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Lebarbé, Matthieu, Philippe Beillas, Tomas Janak, Yoann Lafon, Olivier Richard, and Philippe Petit. "Geometrical and Mechanical Characterization of the Abdominal Fold of Obese Post Mortem Human Subjects for Use in Human Body Modelling." In 64th Stapp Car Crash Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-22-0006.

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9

Qin, Yun, and Jian S. Dai. "Four Motion Branches of an Origami Based Eight Bar Spatial Mechanism." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12584.

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An eight bar spatial mechanism inspired from an origami paper fold by considering the carton panels as links and creases as revolute joints is proposed. The constraint deposition and motion characteristics analyses of the eight bar spatial mechanism show that the mechanism implements one screw motion and one pure translation. The configuration space of the mechanism comprises four subspaces. Through adding different geometrical constraints to the eight bar spatial mechanism, different motions of the end-effector are limited leading to three 2-DOF and one 1-DOF motion branches. Additional geometrical constrained conditions in four motion branches with aimed motions of double translations, single translation and two single screw motions are revealed. In the first two motion branches, the eight bar spatial mechanism remains the constant relative orientations of joint-axes. However, the joint-axes of the eight bar spatial mechanism change their orientations in the last two motion branches. Kinematic analyses are discussed in four motion branches, respectively.

10

Yamamoto, Yohei, and Jun Mitani. "Method for Generating Mechanical Linkages of Polygons That Fold Into a Similar Shape." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70089.

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Abstract Origami techniques, as folding and unfolding, can be utilized in shrinkable structures. Especially when the crease pattern is rigid foldable, it can be treated as a mechanical linkage of rigid panels connected by hinges. Since rigid foldable crease patterns have the strong geometrical constraint of the facets not being able to stretch or bend, it is difficult to design new crease patterns, and variations of existing patterns are limited. However, it is known that there are cases where crease patterns can be made rigid foldable by adding some slits. This paper proposes a mechanical linkage that folds into a similar flat shape by adding slits. A method is presented of generating rigid foldable crease patterns in arbitrary polygons that fold smaller, and it is confirmed that structures that have a mechanism for shrinking can be generated from these crease patterns by using rigid thick panels and hinges.