Статті в журналах: "Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary"

1

Zolnikov, I. D., A. V. Shpansky, and M. V. Mikharevich. "PROBLEMS OF THE QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SIBERIAN REGION." Geology and mineral resources of Siberia, no. 10s (December 2021): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20403/2078-0575-2021-10c-3-6.

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This special issue of the journal is devoted to modern controversial subjects arising during the research of the Siberian Quaternary system. The initiative to discuss these problems and new factual material that requires rethinking outdated stratigraphic constructions belonged to the section of the Quaternary system of SIBRMSK and was supported by leading experts actively working in the region. It should be noted that this issue does not cover all the unresolved issues on the geology, stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Quaternary period of Siberia.

2

Shestopalov, Vyacheslav M., Oleksandr M. Ponomarenko, and Stella B. Shekhunova. "IN MEMORIAM OF PROFESSOR PETRO F. GOZHIK, ACADEMICIAN OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE." Collection of Scientific Works of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the NAS of Ukraine 14, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30836/igs.2522-9753.2021.232269.

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This article is devoted to the blessed memory of Petro F. Gozhik, prominent Ukrainian scientist in the fields of paleontology, stratigraphy, marine geology, Winner of the State Prizes of Ukraine in Science and Technology (1989, 2000), Merited Figure of Science and Technology of Ukraine (1997), Laureate of NAS Tutkovsky Prize (2008), Director of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the NAS of Ukraine (1997–2020), President of the Paleontological Society of Ukraine, Chairman of the National Stratigraphic Committee of Ukraine, initiator and the first Director of the National Antarctic Research Center (previously the Center for Antarctic Research of the NAS of Ukraine), Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1993), Professor (2008), Academician of the NAS of Ukraine (2006). Scientific interests of P. F. Gozhik were diverse, but, first he was an outstanding paleontologist and stratigrapher, Quaternary geologist, a renowned researcher of the Neogene — Quaternary fossil freshwater mollusks of the south of Eastern Europe. His works in Quaternary stratigraphy, paleogeography and the geological history of continental Ukraine and the Black Sea, the study of Quaternary mollusks, continental (alluvial, glacial, water-glacial, loess) and estuarine sediments became tabletop reference books.

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Tian, Shaobing, Ping Zhang, Tongxiao Shang, Huogen Chen, Yongxiang Li, and Shugang Xu. "Application of resistivity sounding in Quaternary stratigraphic division in Yixing, Eastern China." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 19, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxac025.

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Abstract Stratigraphic classification and correlation are fundamental for the study of regional geology, tectonic structures and paleogeographic evolution. Geological structures have undergone a dramatic change since the Quaternary. However, the division of the Quaternary stratigraphic boundary in southeastern China is debated. In this study, we used a direct current vertical electric sounding method to study the Quaternary strata in Yixing, Jiangsu, China. Using one-dimensional resistivity inversion and analyzing the regional geology and geological core data, the electrical features of the study area were evaluated. We found good agreement between the geological core data and lithological data, and we were able to identify two stratigraphic groups: the hilly sedimentary area in the southwest and the Tai Lake plain sedimentary area in the northeast. The latter can further subdivided into two parts. Division and classification of the Quaternary strata in the study area provide a basis for locating areas likely to have a high pore-confined water content (such as Gaoteng, Heqiao and Wanshi town), whereby useful information is provided for groundwater exploitation for emergency use.

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Slupik, A. A., F. P. Wesselingh, A. C. Janse, and J. W. F. Reumer. "The stratigraphy of the Neogene-Quaternary succession in the southwest Netherlands from the Schelphoek borehole (42G4-11/42G0022) – a sequence-stratigraphic approach." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 86, no. 4 (December 2007): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600023556.

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AbstractWe investigate the stratigraphy of Neogene and Quaternary intervals of the Schelphoek borehole (Schouwen, Zeeland, the Netherlands). The Breda Formation (Miocene-Zanclean) contains three sequences separated by hiatuses. The Oosterhout Formation (Zanclean-Piacenzian) contains at least two sequences. This formation is overlain by seven sequences of the Gelasian Maassluis Formation that almost certainly represent glacial cycles. The three lowermost sequences are provisionally assigned to the Praetiglian (MIS 96, MIS 98 and MIS 100). A large hiatus exists between the top of the Maassluis Formation and the base of the late Middle to Late Quaternary succession. Due to extensivein situreworking of older strata (including fossils) at the base of several of the formations, their exact boundaries are difficult to establish. The Neogene succession in the Schelphoek borehole is compared to the stratigraphic successions in the Antwerp area to the south and the Dutch coastal area and continental platform to the north. Finally, the stratigraphic context of the Gelasian (‘Tiglian’) mammal fauna dredged from the bottom of a major tidal channel in the adjacent Oosterschelde is assessed by comparison with the Schelphoek borehole.

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Josenhans, H. W., J. Zevenhuizen, and R. A. Klassen. "The Quaternary geology of the Labrador Shelf." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 1190–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-116.

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The regional distribution of glacial and postglacial sediments on the Labrador Shelf was mapped by medium- and high-resolution seismics and shows a succession of tills that extend to the continental shelf edge at approximately 600 m. The uppermost of these tills is less laterally extensive and does not occur on the Labrador Shelf bank tops in water depths less than 160 m. We infer that the last glacial episode was less extensive than the preceding ones. Glaciomarine stratified silts and postglacial muds are found overlying the upper till in the deep basins that separate the banks. The upper till, glaciomarine silts, and postglacial muds are interpreted to constitute one complete deglacial cycle. Radiocarbon age determination suggests this deglacial sequence began at approximately 20 000 years BP. On the northernmost Labrador Shelf and Hudson Strait, seismic evidence indicates a late glacial readvance locally deposited a till that overlies the glaciomarine sediments associated with the last glacial advance on the Labrador Shelf. The stratigraphic position of this Hudson Strait till suggests the local readvance occurred at approximately 8000 years BP. The acoustic stratigraphic framework (data) is ground truthed by a regionally extensive piston core and grab sample network. Multidisciplinary analysis of these sediment samples included X-ray, textural, geotechnical, paleontological, lithological, trace-element, and 14C analyses. The results confirm the acoustic interpretations and show that each of the stratigraphic units defined have unique and regionally consistent properties. Geotechnical analyses from the upper till indicate low shear strengths (± 25 kPa) and low to normal consolidation ratios (0.8–2.8), which we interpret to indicate deposition under low basal loading as a result of hydrostatic support on an ice shelf in a marine setting. Provenance studies on the sands and gravels from each of the stratigraphic units of the last deglacial sequence (i.e., till, glaciomarine silts, postglacial muds) indicate that the till is mostly derived from mainland Labrador and transported by an easterly ice flow. Since limestone outcrops are rare to absent on the Labrador mainland and continental shelf, high limestone concentrations (up to 80%) within the glaciomarine sediments that overlie the upper till indicate a northern and distal source for that unit. We interpret an active ice margin overlying the Paleozoic limestone outcrops in Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay as being the dominant source for the glaciomarine silts. The absence of limestone within the postglacial muds that overlie the glaciomarine silts indicates a significant change in provenance, which we attribute to the disappearance of the active ice margin over the limestone terranes. The depositional style and sedimentary structures within the glaciomarine silts indicate low bottom currents and a uniform rain out of ice-rafted (limestone) debris that extends to the southernmost part of the Labrador Shelf. The depositional style of the postglacial muds indicates a significant increase in bottom currents, with deposition restricted to the deep basins. We suggest these increased currents resulted from the disappearance of the Hudson Strait ice barrier, which allowed the Canadian current to develop and combine with the west Greenland current. This combination of currents occurred at approximately 8000 years BP and marks the inception of the Labrador current, which presently traverses the Labrador Shelf.

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Long, Joshua H., Till J. J. Hanebuth, and Thomas Lüdmann. "The Quaternary stratigraphic architecture of a low-accommodation, passive-margin continental shelf (Santee Delta region, South Carolina, U.S.A.)." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 1549–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.006.

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ABSTRACT The Quaternary stratigraphy of the continental shelf offshore of South Carolina consists of stratigraphic units deposited in coastal-plain, shallow marine, and shelfal environments bounded by composite erosional surfaces that developed in response to numerous glacioeustatic cycles and were overprinted by regional uplift. These units are commonly distributed laterally, rather than stacked vertically, a function of the long-term low shelf gradient and the resulting lack of accommodation. Additionally, marine processes such as waves and geostrophic currents can rework both relict and modern sediments across the continental shelf. This study integrates high-resolution geological and geophysical datasets acquired offshore and onshore with existing data onshore into a comprehensive conceptual model describing the Quaternary geologic evolution of the coastal plain and continental shelf within a study area of approximately 8,000 km2. We use seismic facies and core analysis to define stratigraphic units associated with transgressive, regressive, and lowstand systems offshore. Regressive systems include progradational wave- and river-dominated deltaic and shoreface deposits. Lowstand systems consist of a complex network of paleo-incisions produced by regional, Piedmont-draining fluvial systems and smaller coastal plain rivers. Transgressive systems include paleochannel-fill successions dominated by mud-rich, tidally influenced backbarrier deposits, cuspate and linear shelf sand ridges, and transgressive sand sheets and shoals. The low-accommodation setting of the continental shelf influences the stratigraphic record in several ways: 1) the geometry of progradational coastal lithosomes, 2) the development of composite allogenic erosional surfaces, 3) the deposition of widespread, thin transgressive sand sheets, and 4) the restriction of thicker transgressive deposits to paleo-incisions. In this setting, the use of a bounding surface scheme that is hierarchical is preferable to the more common sequence stratigraphic or allostratigraphic convention for several reasons: 1) major erosional bounding surfaces are commonly amalgamated; 2) lower-order surfaces capture internal variability, which is key to the genetic interpretation of stratigraphic units, and 3) stratal stacking patterns typically used to define a sequence stratigraphic framework are rare.

7

Cooper, A. J. "Waste disposal site selection techniques in Quaternary terraine Ontario, Canada." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, no. 1 (1991): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.19.

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AbstractThick and predictable deposits of fine grained Quaternary materials have been used for the siting of waste management facilities in Ontario. The search for such sites is founded on the application of techniques in Quaternary geology and hydrogeology. Two examples are presented. Oxford County is located southwest of Toronto in an area of parallel morainic ridges separated by flat till plains. Conventional wisdom would focus on the till plains for thick, consistent fine grained Quaternary Sediments. However, the careful analysis of the Quaternary stratigraphy and glacial history revealed that better sites are located along the moraines. A site on the Ingersoll Moraine was studied in detail and defended at a public hearing. Concerns about the geology of the materials were allayed by the confirmation of homogeneous clayey silt materials exposed when the site opened in late 1986. A much wider ranging search was undertaken for a major hazardous and liquid industrial waste treatment and disposal facility for the Province of Ontario. Progressively more detailed investigations of the Quaternary geology were used to assist a multi-disciplinary site selection team. Initial interpretations covered an area of 75 000 km2 at a scale of 1:250 000. Eight candidate sites were then selected for further investigation with five continuously sampled stratigraphic boreholes. The chosen site is located in a depression in the bedrock filled with 40 m of glaciolacustrine clayey silt. Site specific hydrogeological and geotechnical studies were integrated with a detailed geological investigation.

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Gaudenyi, Tivadar, Drazenko Nenadic, Mladjen Jovanovic, and Petar Stejic. "The revision of quaternary stratigraphy of the Zrenjanin artesian well borehole profile (Banat, Vojvodina, Serbia)." Annales g?ologiques de la Peninsule balkanique, no. 00 (2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gabp210306007g.

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The geological analysis of artesian borehole material from Sombor, Subotica, and Zrenjanin, was in the first campaign of detailed stratigraphic studies of Vojvodina in 1892-1895. The results of Quaternary stratigraphy from Zrenjanin were published by HalavAts m ore than a decade later (1914). The significance of the Zrenjanin, Sombor, and Subotica artesian well profiles for more than a century is considered the representative local profiles for the Quaternary stratigraphy of Vojvodina recognized by Serbian (Yugoslavian) and Hungarian geologists. Significant changes were after the taxonomical revision of molluscan material and its stratigraphic context, which was done through the excellent work of Krolopp in the 1970-ies. Unfortunately, the mentioned changes were not applied in the studies during the geological surveying of former Yugoslavia. The developments in Quaternary geology, changes in the Quater nary chronostratigraphic scale, and the results shown by this paper enable the Lower Pleistocene fluvial deposits to be defined as the Pleistocene Corbicula beds, the Viviparus boeckhi Horizon. The Lower Pleistocene at Zrenjanin was documented from 234.54 to 58.36 m depth. The interval between 234.54 and 208.50 m comprises the Upper Paludina - Viviparus vucotinovici zone, while the Viviparus boeckhi Horizons were identified between 135.18 m and 58.36 m. The interval between 58.36 m and 37.75 m is defined as Pleistocene (Lower- and Middle Pleistocene) based on sedimentological and the molluscan record. The interval from 37.75 m to 21.67 m depth was identified as Middle Pleistocene, according to its lithology and the paleontological material. The fluvial sediments? 21.69 m and 7.31 m depths cannot be determined according to the faunistic data; we can only consider them as Pleistocene age. The Holocene sediment and soil horizons ascend to a 2.90 m depth.

9

Amos, Salvador. "A stable Cenozoic geologic time scale is indispensable." GeoArabia 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia1104155.

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A stable, standard geologic time scale is indispensable for the clear and precise communication among geologists; it is a basic tool of geologic work. Considerable progress has been made to achieve such a stable time scale. However, during the last few years several proposals have been made to modify the Cenozoic section of the geologic time scale that threaten to destabilize it. Seven articles published in Episodes since 2000 that could contribute to this destabilization are discussed. They provide excellent examples of the profusion of different terminologies, hierarchies, and stratigraphic relationships that have been proposed: to eliminate the Tertiary and the Quaternary or to raise their rank to suberathems; to extend the Neogene to the present, to make the Quaternary a formal subsystem of the Neogene, or consider it an informal stratigraphic unit; to eliminate the Holocene, and to decouple the base of the Pleistocene from the base of the Quaternary. If adopted, these proposals would cause nothing but great confusion and controversy. They disregard the clear preferences of geologists the world over as reflected by the terminology they have been using for many decades. Common sense would dictate the continued use of this terminology in its current, widely accepted form.

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Munsterman, D. K., R. M. C. H. Verreussel, H. F. Mijnlieff, N. Witmans, S. Kerstholt-Boegehold, and O. A. Abbink. "Revision and update of the Callovian-Ryazanian Stratigraphic Nomenclature in the northern Dutch offshore, i.e. Central Graben Subgroup and Scruff Group." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 91, no. 4 (December 2012): 555–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001677460000038x.

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AbstractExploration in a mature basin requires a detailed classification and standardisation of rock stratigraphy to adequately comprehend the depositional history and prospect architecture. The pre-Quaternary Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Netherlands compiled by Van Adrichem Boogaert & Kouwe in 1993 provided a consistent framework for use by the Dutch geological community. Over the past twenty years, new biostratigraphic techniques and continued exploration in the Netherlands have provided additional stratigraphic information. Based on this information the Late Jurassic lithostratigraphy in particular, shows significant inaccuracies. The Callovian-Ryazanian strata from the northern offshore of the Netherlands' territorial waters, termed the Central Graben Subgroup and Scruff Group, reveal a complex sedimentary history. The combination of non-marine to shallow marine lateral facies changes, repetitive log and facies characteristics in time, sea-level and climate change, salt tectonics and structural compartmentalisation hamper straightforward seismic interpretation and log correlation. Recognition of three genetic sequences by Abbink et al. in 2006 enabled an improved reconstruction of the geological history. Further improvements in refinement and reliability of the stratigraphy together with new information on the facies and ages of the successions and about the subsequent tectonostratigraphic development of the northern Dutch offshore area form the basis of the present revision. As a result, earlier lithostratigraphic models have been changed and new lithostratigraphic relationships and names are introduced in this paper.

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Hinojosa-Prieto, Hector R., Pantelis Soupios, and Pavel Barsukov. "Subsurface Geological Characterization of the Late Neogene–Quaternary Argive Basin, Peloponnese, Greece Using Transient Electromagnetic Data and Vintage Stratigraphic Logs." Geosciences 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11080317.

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The onshore and offshore clastic deposits of the Argive Basin and the Argolic Gulf, respectively, in Peloponnese, Greece, form a Late Neogene–Quaternary half-graben that connects with the Aegean Sea. The onshore Late Neogene–Quaternary sequence, comprised of chaotically intercalated cohesive and granular clastic deposits, is in angular unconformity with bedrock comprised of Triassic–Upper Cretaceous strongly-weathered, highly-fractured karstic limestones thrusted against Paleogene flysch deposits. While the surface geology of the Argive Basin is well-known, the subsurface geology remains both poorly mapped and understood. We utilized transient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings coupled with 185 vintage stratigraphic logs, current surface geology knowledge, and insights from available geophysical surveys to characterize the subsurface conditions of this sedimentary basin. We estimated the thickness of the young deposits (the depth to bedrock) and detected potential subsurface tectonic structures. The TEM-FAST 48HPC data acquisition system with integrated inversion and visualization software package was used with a single-loop dimension of 50 m × 50 m to collect a total of 329 TEM soundings at 151 stations scattered throughout the basin. The TEM station spacing varied from 200 to 750 m allowing the mapping of 80 km2. The total depth of investigation with the inverted TEM data and the lithology logs was 130 m and 183 m, respectively. The joint interpretation produced several quasi-two-dimensional electrical resistivity profiles that traverse the sedimentary basin in various azimuths and depth slices of average electrical resistivity covering the basin. The depth slices and the vintage stratigraphic logs revealed an uneven bedrock topography overlain by an irregularly thick (over 180 m) Late Neogene–Quaternary heterolithic sediment cover.

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Corrado, Giuseppe, Sabrina Amodio, Pietro P. C. Aucelli, Gerardo Pappone, and Marcello Schiattarella. "The Subsurface Geology and Landscape Evolution of the Volturno Coastal Plain, Italy: Interplay between Tectonics and Sea-Level Changes during the Quaternary." Water 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 3386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123386.

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The Volturno alluvial-coastal plain is a relevant feature of the Tyrrhenian side of southern Italy. Its plan-view squared shape is due to Pliocene-Quaternary block-faulting of the western flank of the south-Apennines chain. On the basis of the stratigraphic analysis of almost 700 borehole logs and new geomorphological survey, an accurate paleoenvironmental reconstruction before and after the Campania Ignimbrite (CI; about 40 ky) eruption is here presented. Tectonics and eustatic forcing have been both taken into account to completely picture the evolution of the coastal plain during Late Quaternary times. The upper Pleistocene-Holocene infill of the Volturno plain has been here re-organized in a new stratigraphic framework, which includes seven depositional units. Structural analysis showed that two sets of faults displaced the CI, so accounting for recent tectonic activity. Yet Late Quaternary tectonics is rather mild, as evidenced by the decametric vertical separations operated by those faults. The average slip rate, which would represent the tectonic subsidence rate of the plain, is about 0.5 mm/year. A grid of cross sections shows the stratigraphic architecture which resulted from interactions among eustatic changes, tectonics and sedimentary input variations. On the basis of boreholes analysis, the trend of the CI roof was reconstructed. An asymmetrical shape of its ancient morphology—with a steeper slope toward the north-west border—and the lack of coincidence between the present course of the Volturno River and the main buried bedrock incision, are significant achievements of this study. Finally, the morpho-evolutionary path of the Volturno plain has been discussed.

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Kosters, Elisabeth C., Bart E. J. M. VanMierlo, Nico H. Verbeek, Bart J. Posthumus, Thomas M. McGee, and Jan Brouwer. "Late Quaternary stratigraphic signature, offshore from the Dutch barrier shoreline." Sedimentary Geology 80, no. 3-4 (October 1992): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(92)90041-o.

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14

Dongol, Gopal M. S. "The stratigraphic significance of vertebrate fossils from the Quaternary deposits of the Kathmandu Basin, Nepal." Newsletters on Stratigraphy 18, no. 1 (October 28, 1987): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nos/18/1987/21.

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15

Reichenbacher, Renee, Roy Van Arsdale, Randel Cox, and Chris Cramer. "Geomorphology, Three-Dimensional Geology, and Seismologic Hazards of the New Madrid Seismic Zone in Dyer County, Tennessee." Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 28, no. 2 (April 22, 2022): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-d-21-00005.

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ABSTRACT Geomorphic and three-dimensional geologic mapping reveals two major fault systems of the seismically active Reelfoot rift pass beneath Dyer County in northwestern Tennessee, the Reelfoot South fault, and the east-bounding faults of the Reelfoot rift. The Dyer County mapping also indicates that the two principal Reelfoot South fault hanging wall structures, the Lake County uplift and Tiptonville dome, pass beneath the county. Quaternary displacement was identified on southeastern Reelfoot rift margin faults in Dyer County, thus indicating that this rift margin has been active during the Quaternary from adjacent Obion County through Dyer County to Lauderdale County, Tennessee, for a distance of at least 60 km. The three-dimensional geologic mapping also provides stratigraphic thicknesses of surface sediment and underlying Paleogene and Cretaceous strata that significantly contribute to the estimation of ground motion in the event of a future large New Madrid seismic zone earthquake. The new ground motion maps using the three-dimensional geology of Dyer County are compared to the current U.S. Geological Survey earthquake hazard maps. This comparison reveals generally lower acceleration for buildings less than four stories high and greater acceleration for buildings greater than 10 stories high in the event of a large New Madrid seismic zone earthquake.

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Novianto, Ardian, Sutanto, Suharsono, Carolus Prasetyadi, and Jatmiko Setiawan. "Structure Boundary Separating using Gravity Data for Central and Southern Parts of the East Java Basin Beneath the Quaternary Volcanic Deposits." Iraqi Geological Journal 55, no. 1B (February 28, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.1b.1ms-2022-02-17.

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Stratigraphic interpretation shows that the relationship between Cenozoic volcanic rocks deposited in the Southern Mountains and marine clastic volcanic rocks in the Kendeng Basin possibly forms a stratigraphic transition bordered by the major fault that is yet to be defined. The thick Quaternary volcanic deposits obstruct field observation on the surface. Miocene outcrops in limited presence are found on the volcanic slope, positioned relatively more to the north than the same outcrop. This feature indicates major thrusting in southern Java that moved it to the north. The gravity data analysis was used to obtain the field observation and identify the subsurface geology. Total Horizontal Derivative analysis of the gravity data showed a major fault boundary with a relative west-east direction separating the high Bouguer anomaly area in the south from a large negative area of about -50 mGal in the north. Second Vertical Derivative analysis reconstructed the fault slope direction and showed a south-facing slope with a large angle. Based on the combination of the surface data and the subsurface analysis, the boundary is a major fault with a west-east direction on the south side of the Quaternary volcanic range and a south-facing slope. It is interpreted as the result of the compressive tectonics that formed the fold-thrust belt system.

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Amador, Elmo Da Silva. "Geologia e Geomorfologia da Planície Costeira da Praia do Sul: Ilha Grande - Uma Contribuição à Elaboração do Plano Diretor da Reserva Biológica." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 11 (January 1, 1987): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/1987_0_35-58.

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Based on stratigraphical, sedimentological and geomorphological methods, a preliminary stratigraphic division is proposed to the Praia do Sul coastal plain, a state Biological Reserve, located in "Ilha Grande", Rio de Janeiro. This reserve was created to preserve the natural ecosystems found therein (sandy coastal plain, mangrove, lagoon, rocky coast and hillside fo rest). The Praia do Sul sedimentation plain is essentially constituted by continental gravels and sands of Upper Pleistocene, marine sandy formations, fluvial-lagoonal sandy-clayer formations and present mangrove swamps and beachs. The paleogeographic evolution of this area can be followed through the sedimentary association that permits to establish the transgressive and regressive process that occured during the Quaternary period.

18

Iannace, Pietro, Maurizio M. Torrente, and Alfonsa Milia. "Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Southern Campania Margin: a key area for the evolution of the Tyrrhenian-Apennine system." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 73 (2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018035.

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The Southern Campania Margin (SCM) represents a key area of the Central Mediterranean because it records all the rifting stages of the Tyrrhenian Sea. The interpretation of a seismic dataset calibrated with deep wells and outcrops, using seismic stratigraphy and structural geology methods in a dedicated Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, the seismic depth conversion, the generation of 2-D and 3-D models led to the reconstruction of a polyphased tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the SCM. During the early stage of Tyrrhenian opening a terrigenous transtensional Basin (Langhian-Tortonian Cilento Basin) formed on the Liguride accretionary prism adjacent to the Calabria crystalline terrane. In the SCM the Liguride thrust sheets tectonically overly the Apennine Platform units and both these nappes have been dismembered by Quaternary faults. Three rifting stages, not homogeneously distributed, affected the region since the Lower Pleistocene. They are associated to the deposition of a thick Quaternary succession (A, B and C units). During these Pleistocene stages there was an abrupt change of the extension direction (from NE-SW to NW-SE) accompanying a change of the nappe transport direction of the Southern Apennines. The construction of balanced sections using dedicated software, permitted us to recognize the true geometry of the faults and compute the amount of Quaternary extension of the SCM that results comparable to those calculated for other sectors of the Tyrrhenian margin and further extensional regions worldwide.

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Mikharevich, M. V., and A. V. Shpansky. "PROBLEMS OF AGE AND GENETIC DIAGNOSTICS OF QUATERNARY DEPOSITS IN THE VALLEY OF THE YENISEI RIVER MIDDLE COURSE (YENISEI – LOWER ANGARA STRATIGRAPHIC REGION AND THE MINUSINSK BASINS AREA)." Geology and mineral resources of Siberia, no. 10s (December 2021): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20403/2078-0575-2021-10c-57-68.

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The article is devoted to the state of stratigraphic exploration maturity of the Eopleistocene – Neo-Рleistocene Quaternary deposits on the boundary of mountain and plain territories in the non-glacial area. The material analysis shows an inadequate rationale of the existing stratigraphic schemes, according to which the ladder of alluvial terraces of these territories was formed sequentially during the Eopleistocene, Neo-Pleistocene and Holocene. The revising of representative sections was carried out, the provision of them with geochronological data, the accuracy of age and genetic diagnostics were evaluated.

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Weijermars, Ruud. "Surface Geology, Lithostratigraphy and Tertiary Growth of the Dammam Dome, Saudi Arabia: A New Field Guide." GeoArabia 4, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 199–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia0402199.

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ABSTRACT The surface geology of the Dammam Dome, Saudi Arabia, is documented in the geographic context of the modern and extensive urban and industrial developments in this area. A new geologic road map shows where key Tertiary outcrops occur relative to major roads, and columnar sections and field photographs illustrate the stratigraphic relationships and support the discussion on depositional environments. Surface geology is also used to infer growth rates for the Dammam field. These rates are generally consistent with those determined from subsurface data in the Awali field. The Dammam Dome is here estimated to have risen at time-averaged rates of 7.5 meters per million years for the Neogene and 7 meters per million years for the Oligocene. The nearby Awali Dome below Bahrain Island, likewise cored by Hormuz Salt, grew at 2.5 meters per million years during the Early Cretaceous, accelerated to 9 meters per million years during the Late Cretaceous, and uplift continued at 5.6 meters per million years during the Tertiary and Quaternary. This paper may also serve as a practical field guide for geologists visiting the Eastern Province, whether industry professionals, students or faculty.

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Cianflone, Giuseppe, Giuseppe Cavuoto, Michele Punzo, Rocco Dominici, Maurizio Sonnino, Vincenzo Di Fiore, Nicola Pelosi, et al. "Late quaternary stratigraphic setting of the Sibari Plain (southern Italy): Hydrogeological implications." Marine and Petroleum Geology 97 (November 2018): 422–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.07.027.

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Leroux, Estelle, Marina Rabineau, Daniel Aslanian, Christian Gorini, François Bache, Maryline Moulin, Romain Pellen, Didier Granjeon, and Jean-Loup Rubino. "Post-rift evolution of the Gulf of Lion margin tested by stratigraphic modelling." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 186, no. 4-5 (July 1, 2015): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.186.4-5.291.

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AbstractThe sedimentary architecture of basins and passive margins is determined by a complex interaction of parameters, including subsidence, eustasy, and sediment supply. A quantification of the post-rift (20 Ma-0 Ma) vertical movements of the Gulf of Lion (West Mediterranean) is proposed here based on the stratigraphic study of sedimentary paleomarkers using a large 3D grid of reflection seismic data, correlations with existing drillings, and refraction data. Post-rift subsidence was measured by the direct use of sedimentary geometries analysed in 3D and validated by numerical stratigraphic modelling. Three domains of subsidence were found: on the continental shelf and slope, subsidence corresponds to a seaward tilting with different amplitudes, whereas the deep basin subsides purely vertically. We show that these domains fit with the deeper crustal domains highlighted by previous geophysical data, and that post-break-up subsidence follows the initial hinge lines of the rifting phase. Subsidence rates are quantified on each domain for each stratigraphic interval. At a constant distance from the rotational hinge line, the Plio-Quaternary subsidence rate is constant on the shelf overall. Conversely, Miocene subsidence rates are very different on the eastern and western shelves. Stratigraphic simulations focused on the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC) were also performed. Their results are discussed together with our post-rift subsidence estimates in order to provide ideas and hypotheses for future detailed quantifications of Miocene subsidence, including isostatic readjustments linked to the MSC.

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Dohrenwend, J. C., S. G. Wells, and L. D. McFadden. "Geomorphic and stratigraphic indicators of Neogene-Quaternary climatic change in arid and semiarid environments." Geology 14, no. 3 (1986): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<263:gasion>2.0.co;2.

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Bullejos, Manuel, David Cabezas, Manuel Martín-Martín, and Francisco Javier Alcalá. "A K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm in Python for Visualizing the 3D Stratigraphic Architecture of the Llobregat River Delta in NE Spain." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070986.

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The k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm is a non-parametric supervised machine learning classifier; which uses proximity and similarity to make classifications or predictions about the grouping of an individual data point. This ability makes the KNN algorithm ideal for classifying datasets of geological variables and parameters prior to 3D visualization. This paper introduces a machine learning KNN algorithm and Python libraries for visualizing the 3D stratigraphic architecture of sedimentary porous media in the Quaternary onshore Llobregat River Delta (LRD) in northeastern Spain. A first HTML model showed a consecutive 5 m-equispaced set of horizontal sections of the granulometry classes created with the KNN algorithm from 0 to 120 m below sea level in the onshore LRD. A second HTML model showed the 3D mapping of the main Quaternary gravel and coarse sand sedimentary bodies (lithosomes) and the basement (Pliocene and older rocks) top surface created with Python libraries. These results reproduce well the complex sedimentary structure of the LRD reported in recent scientific publications and proves the suitability of the KNN algorithm and Python libraries for visualizing the 3D stratigraphic structure of sedimentary porous media, which is a crucial stage in making decisions in different environmental and economic geology disciplines.

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Onnis, Luciano, Roberto Antonio Violante, Ana Osella, Matías De la Vega, Alejandro Tassone, and Ernesto López. "Neogene-Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the Llancanelo Lake Basin, Mendoza, Argentina." Andean Geology 45, no. 1 (November 14, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeov45n1-3026.

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A new shallow multichannel seismic survey was carried out in the Llancanelo Lake region (Southern Mendoza Province, Argentina), in order to complete and extend previously surveyed seismic sections. The new seismic data allowed to double the already existing data. The obtained information was correlated with seismic and stratigraphic data from the industry. In this way it was possible to depict the major Neogene-Quaternary sedimentary-volcanic sequences and the regional evolution of a tectonic-volcanic basin located in a key region at the eastern foot of the Andes cordillera. This research is settled on early studies that comprised seismic works reaching depths of 600-700 m as well as geoelectric and electromagnetic surveys reaching the uppermost 80-100 m of the sequences. The obtained results indicate the presence of three major sedimentary units separated by conspicuous seismic horizons SR1, SR2 and SR3, respectively considered as representing the late Mesozoic transition from marine to continental deposition, the beginning of the Cenozoic basaltic volcanism, and the change from dominantly sedimentary to dominantly volcanic processes at the base of the Quaternary. The resulting stratigraphic scheme reveals increasing volcanic (basaltic layers) intercalations with depth that accommodate to the geometry of the depocenter.

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Filipovich, Rubén, Walter Báez, Gianluca Groppelli, Florencia Ahumada, Luca Aldega, Raúl Becchio, Gabriele Berardi, et al. "Geological Map of the Tocomar Basin (Puna Plateau, NW Argentina). Implication for the Geothermal System Investigation." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 5492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205492.

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This paper presents a detailed geological map at the 1:20,000 scale of the Tocomar basin in the Central Puna (north-western Argentina), which extends over an area of about 80 km2 and displays the spatial distribution of the Quaternary deposits and the structures that cover the Ordovician basement and the Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic units. The new dataset includes litho-facies descriptions, stratigraphic and structural data and new 234U/230Th ages for travertine rocks. The new reconstructed stratigraphic framework, along with the structural analysis, has revealed the complex evolution of a small extensional basin including a period of prolonged volcanic activity with different eruptive centres and styles. The geological map improves the knowledge of the geology of the Tocomar basin and the local interplay between orogen-parallel thrusts and orogen-oblique fault systems. This contribution represents a fundamental support for in depth research and also for encouraging geothermal exploration and exploitation in the Puna Plateau region.

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Sincavage, Ryan, Paul M. Betka, Stuart N. Thomson, Leonardo Seeber, Michael Steckler, and C. Zoramthara. "Neogene shallow-marine and fluvial sediment dispersal, burial, and exhumation in the ancestral Brahmaputra delta: Indo-Burman Ranges, India." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1244–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.60.

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ABSTRACT The stratigraphic record of Cenozoic uplift and denudation of the Himalayas is distributed across its peripheral foreland basins, as well as in the sediments of the Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta (GBD) and the Bengal–Nicobar Fan (BNF). Recent interrogation of Miocene–Quaternary sediments of the GBD and BNF advance our knowledge of Himalayan sediment dispersal and its relationship to regional tectonics and climate, but these studies are limited to IODP boreholes from the BNF (IODP 354 and 362, 2015-16) and Quaternary sediment cores from the GBD (NSF-PIRE: Life on a tectonically active delta, 2010-18). We examine a complementary yet understudied stratigraphic record of the Miocene–Pliocene ancestral Brahmaputra Delta in outcrops of the Indo-Burman Ranges fold–thrust belt (IBR) of eastern India. We present detailed lithofacies assemblages of Neogene delta plain (Tipam Group) and intertidal to upper-shelf (Surma Group) deposits of the IBR based on two ∼ 500 m stratigraphic sections. New detrital-apatite fission-track (dAFT) and (U-Th)/He (dAHe) dates from the Surma Group in the IBR help to constrain maximum depositional ages (MDA), thermal histories, and sediment accumulation rates. Three fluvial facies (F1–F3) and four shallow marine to intertidal facies (M1–M4) are delineated based on analog depositional environments of the Holocene–modern GBD. Unreset dAFT and dAHe ages constrain MDA to ∼ 9–11 Ma for the Surma Group, which is bracketed by intensification of turbidite deposition on the eastern BNF (∼ 13.5–6.8 Ma). Two dAHe samples yielded younger (∼ 3 Ma) reset ages that we interpret to record cooling from denudation following burial resetting due to a thicker (∼ 2.2–3.2 km) accumulation of sediments near the depocenter. Thermal modeling of the dAFT and dAHe results using QTQt and HeFTy suggest that late Miocene marginal marine sediment accumulation rates may have ranged from ∼ 0.9 to 1.1 mm/yr near the center of the paleodelta. Thermal modeling results imply postdepositional cooling beginning at ∼ 8–6.5 Ma, interpreted to record onset of exhumation associated with the advancing IBR fold belt. The timing of post-burial exhumation of the IBR strata is consistent with previously published constraints for the avulsion of the paleo-Brahmaputra to the west and a westward shift of turbidite deposition on the BNF that started at ∼ 6.8 Ma. Our results contextualize tectonic controls on basin history, creating a pathway for future investigations into autogenic and climatic drivers of behavior of fluvial systems that can be extracted from the stratigraphic record.

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Zembo, Irene. "Stratigraphic architecture and quaternary evolution of the Val d'Agri intermontane basin (Southern Apennines, Italy)." Sedimentary Geology 223, no. 3-4 (January 2010): 206–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.11.011.

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Gentili, Bernardino, Gilberto Pambianchi, Domenico Aringoli, Marco Materazzi, and Marco Giacopetti. "Pliocene –Pleistocene geomorphological evolution of the Adriatic side of Central Italy." Geologica Carpathica 68, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2017-0001.

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Abstract This work is a significant contribution to knowledge of the Quaternary and pre-Quaternary morphogenesis of a wide sector of central Italy, from the Apennine chain to the Adriatic Sea. The goal is achieved through a careful analysis and interpretation of stratigraphic and tectonic data relating to marine and continental sediments and, mostly, through the study of relict limbs of ancient landscapes (erosional surfaces shaped by prevailing planation processes). The most important scientific datum is the definition of the time span in which the modelling of the oldest morphological element (the “summit relict surface”) occurred: it started during Messinian in the westernmost portion and after a significant phase during middle-late Pliocene, ended in the early Pleistocene. During the middle and late Pleistocene, the rapid tectonic uplift of the area and the climate fluctuations favoured the deepening of the hydrographic network and the genesis of three orders of fluvial terraces, thus completing the fundamental features of the landscape. The subsequent Holocene evolution reshaped the minor elements, but not the basic ones.

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Bowman, Steven A. "Regional seismic interpretation of the hydrocarbon prospectivity of offshore Syria." GeoArabia 16, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia160395.

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ABSTRACT Analysis of 5,000 km of multi-client long-offset 2-D seismic data has led to the identification of three sedimentary basins, Levantine, Cyprus, and Latakia, located in offshore Syria. Each basin has a unique structural and stratigraphic history. They are separated from each other by the middle to Late Cretaceous aged Latakia Ridge System that initiated as a compressional fold-thrust belt and was re-activated under a sinistral strike-slip regime that developed during the Early Pliocene in response to a re-organisation of the plate-tectonic stresses. There is significant evidence for a working petroleum system in offshore Syria with numerous onshore oil and gas shows, DHIs (direct hydrocarbon indicators) observed on seismic, and oil seeps identified from satellite imagery. Prospective reservoirs range in age from Triassic to Pliocene – Quaternary and include Lower Miocene deep-water turbidite sands as encountered in recent discoveries in the offshore southern Levantine Basin. The complex structural evolution of each of the three sedimentary basins has produced an array of potential structural and stratigraphic trapping mechanisms.

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Ward, Dylan J. "Dip, layer spacing, and incision rate controls on the formation of strike valleys, cuestas, and cliffbands in heterogeneous stratigraphy." Lithosphere 11, no. 5 (August 2, 2019): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/l1056.1.

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Abstract Landscapes developed over heterogeneous stratigraphy exhibit a spectrum of landforms from dramatic cliffbands to hogbacks, depending on the dip and spacing of the layers. In deeply incised landscapes, a single cliffband may consist of multiple resistant layers, whereas similar stratigraphy elsewhere is separated by strike valleys into individual cuesta benches or hogbacks. This paper presents a geometric analysis, informed by a numerical landscape model, to explain the conditions for development of a strike valley floored by erodible rocks. The results define a threshold incision rate below which strike valleys are more likely to form; this threshold incision rate is proportional to the stratigraphic spacing of cliff-forming layers and a trigonometric function of dip angle. The analysis also yields a time scale for the adjustment of structural landforms to changes in regional incision rate, which is a function of dip angle and the coupling between cliff retreat rate and escarpment height. In example landscapes of the Colorado Plateau, this time scale is likely much longer than that of documented variations of incision rates due to late Quaternary climate and land-use changes. The transitional state of escarpments in layered rock may therefore contain information about regional downcutting rates over time scales different from those recorded by the fluvial network. The utility of such features will require better understanding of the coupling between incision of a foot slope and the retreat rate of the cliff above in different kinds of rocks.

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Wang, Zhongbo, Shouye Yang, Qiang Wang, Zhixun Zhang, Xunhua Zhang, Xianhong Lan, Rihui Li, and Long Huang. "Late Quaternary stratigraphic evolution on the outer shelf of the East China Sea." Continental Shelf Research 90 (November 2014): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2014.04.015.

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Elsheikh, Mahmoud. "Seismic Stratigraphic Analysis and Hydrocarbon Potential of Miocene-Quaternary Deposits in the Western Nile Delta Basin." Iraqi Geological Journal 54, no. 2C (September 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.54.2c.1ms-2021-09-20.

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This study focuses on the subsurface Miocene-Pleistocene sedimentary sequence of the Western Delta of Deep-Sea field. Analysis of seismic, based on obtainable well data, and seismic data, allows us to divide the studied successions into two mega sequences: Pre and Post Messinian complexes resulting in transgressive-regressive sedimentation cycles of sea level during the evolution of the Miocene-Pleistocene subsurface sedimentary sequence. The Relative level of the sea was extremely falling in the time of the Messinian period, although it was largely rising at the time of the lower to Middle Pliocene. Pre-Messinian complex encompasses the Miocene strata, while the Post-Messinian complex consists of a thickness pattern of deposits in the time of Pliocene to Pleistocene and ended up with Holocene. The comprehensive study presented here divides these complexes into several orders of sea-level cycles. Pre and Post-Messinian complexes are consisting of several third-order cycles, which is called a depositional sequence, hence the thickness pattern starts from Sidi Salem Formation and ends up with Mit Ghamr Formation (Pleistocene). The interpreted anticline represents a characteristic overlap that can create an appropriate structural trap for hydrocarbons in the sandy intermission of the formations of the Western Deep-Sea Delta field such as Kafr El Sheik siliceous clastic. Besides, the recognized individual and various hidden routes, such as channel and sub-channel in the Pre-Messinian complex are approved for additional inspection to discover hydrocarbons.

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Parsons, B., D. J. P. Swift, and K. Williams. "Quaternary Facies Assemblages and Their Bounding Surfaces, Chesapeake Bay Mouth: An Approach to Mesoscale Stratigraphic Analysis." Journal of Sedimentary Research 73, no. 5 (September 1, 2003): 672–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/012103730672.

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Waters, Michael R., Steven L. Forman, and James M. Pierson. "Late Quaternary Geology and Geochronology of Diring Yuriakh, An Early Paleolithic Site in Central Siberia." Quaternary Research 51, no. 2 (March 1999): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.2024.

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AbstractDiring Yuriakh, an archaeological site on the highest terrace of the Lena River in subarctic eastern Siberia, provides evidence for the oldest and northern-most Early Paleolithic occupation in Asia. Stratigraphic and sedimentological studies at the site show that artifacts occur on a single eolian deflation surface that is underlain by fluvial sediments with inset cryogenic sand wedges and overlain by eolian deposits. Thermoluminescence ages on the fine-grained extracts from the eolian sediments and sand wedges that bound the artifact level indicate that the occupation occurred >260,000 yr B.P. and may possibly date between 270,000 and 370,000 yr B.P. This study documents that the artifacts from Diring Yuriakh are an order of magnitude older than artifacts from any previously reported site from Siberia. The antiquity and subarctic location of Diring Yuriakh indicates that people developed a subsistence strategy capable of surviving rigorous conditions in Siberia by ≥260,000 yr B.P.

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Mycielska-Dowgiałło, E., and B. Woronko. "The degree of aeolization of Quaternary deposits in Poland as a tool for stratigraphic interpretation." Sedimentary Geology 168, no. 3-4 (June 2004): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.12.006.

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Li, Congxian, Ping Wang, Heping Sun, Jiaqiang Zhang, Daidu Fan, and Bing Deng. "Late Quaternary incised-valley fill of the Yangtze delta (China): its stratigraphic framework and evolution." Sedimentary Geology 152, no. 1-2 (September 2002): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(02)00066-0.

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Costa, Mario, Jessica Chicco, Chiara Invernizzi, Simone Teloni, and Pietro Paolo Pierantoni. "Plio–Quaternary Structural Evolution of the Outer Sector of the Marche Apennines South of the Conero Promontory, Italy." Geosciences 11, no. 5 (April 24, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11050184.

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Some new results and preliminary remarks about the Plio–Quaternary structural and evolutionary characteristics of the outer Marche Apennines south in the Conero promontory are presented in this study. The present analysis is based on several subsurface seismic reflection profiles and well data, kindly provided by ENI S.p.A. and available on the VIDEPI list, together with surface geologic–stratigraphic knowledge of Plio–Quaternary evolution from the literature. Examples of negative vs. positive reactivation of inherited structures in fold and thrust belts are highlighted. Here, we present an example from the external domain of the Marche Apennines, which displays interesting reactivation examples from the subsurface geology explored. The study area shows significant evolutionary differences with respect to the northern sector of the Marche region previously investigated by the same research group. The areal distribution of the main structures changes north and south of the ENE–WSW oriented discontinuity close to the Conero promontory. Based on the old tripartite classification of the Pliocene, the results of this work suggest a strong differential subsidence with extension occurring during the Early Pliocene and principal compressive deformation starting from the Middle Pliocene and decreasing or ceasing during the Quaternary. The main structure in this area is the NNW–SSE Coastal Structure, which is composed of E-vergent shallow thrusts and high-angle deep-seated normal faults underneath. An important right-lateral strike–slip component along this feature is also suggested, which is compatible with the principal NNE–SSW shortening direction. As mentioned, the area is largely characterized by tectonic inversion. Starting from Middle Pliocene, most of the Early Pliocene normal faults became E-vergent thrusts.

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Mancini, Marco, Gianluca Vignaroli, Francesco Bucci, Mauro Cardinali, Gian Paolo Cavinato, Cristina Di salvo, Silvia Giallini, et al. "New stratigraphic constraints for the Quaternary source‐to‐sink history of the Amatrice Basin (central Apennines, Italy)." Geological Journal 55, no. 6 (November 3, 2019): 4226–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.3672.

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Collier, R. E. Ll, M. R. Leeder, and J. R. Maynard. "Transgressions and regressions: a model for the influence of tectonic subsidence, deposition and eustasy, with application to Quaternary and Carboniferous examples." Geological Magazine 127, no. 2 (March 1990): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800013819.

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AbstractThe position of a coastline in time and space is determined by (1) the vertical displacement and/or tilting of the depositional surface, (2) the rate of sediment accumulation or erosion across that surface, and (3) variation of sea-level. All three rates of change may vary through time. We present computer simulations of coastline movements that illustrate the interaction of the above variables, with (1) and (2) held at various defined levels whilst (3) is varied according to the late Quaternary glacio-eustatic sea-level curve. The Corinth Canal section in central Greece exposes uplifted late Quaternary coastal transgressive cycles, each of which may be related to a radiometrically dated, c. 100 ka duration, cycle of sea-level change. Observed stratigraphic sequence geometries are predicted by forward modelling based on the known glacio-eustatic history over the last 430 ka. Milankovitch orbital parameters are calculated for the Carboniferous period. The obliquity and precession parameters are found to have been significantly shorter than at present. A simulation is presented of the effects of sea-level changes across low gradient, fluvio-deltaic environments such as existed in northern England and other parts of the Laurentian continental margin during Upper Carboniferous time.

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Larsen, B., and L. T. Andersen. "Late Quaternary stratigraphy and morphogenesis in the Danish eastern North Sea and its relation to onshore geology." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84, no. 2 (July 2005): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600023003.

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AbstractGeological structures and Late Quaternary stratigraphy of the shallow subsurface along the southernmost Danish North Sea coast have been investigated using seismic data and shallow boreholes. A large-scale glaciotectonic thrust complex has been mapped in an area of 15 km by 40 km in the Fanø Bugt area. The affected succession consists of Neogene and Quaternary sediments deformed down to a depth of 200 – 360 m. A kineto-stratigraphic correlation to onshore glaciotectonic deformation suggests that the deformation took place during a westward advance stage of the Late Saalian (Warthe) glaciation. The western limit of the glaciotectonic structures constitutes an N-S striking deformation front situated 35 km off the west coast. Based on the glacial stratigraphy outside the deformation front, it is suggested that the same ice advance that caused the glaciotectonic deformation, eroded the top of the thrust sheets, and subsequently deposited a lower unit of meltwater sediments and an upper heterogenous glacigenic unit. The upper glacigenic unit forms a bank about 30 km offshore. Between the bank and the shore, the surface of the Saalian glacial landscape forms a wide depression ca. 50 m below sea level. This basin has controlled deposition in the area since the late Saalian and is filled with sediments of late Saalian, Eemian, Weichselian and Holocene age. The base of the Holocene marine deposits is thus a flat erosional surface extending eastward several kilometres below the onshore coastal areas and the northern Wadden Sea. This surface was transgressed 8800 years ago. An inverted, in plan view T-shaped, Holocene sand accumulation approximately 25 km long, 30 km wide and 15 – 25 m thick is situated on top of this surface at Blåvands Huk. According to recent estimates by the Danish Coastal Protection Board some 2.5 million m3 sediments are supplied annually to the system from the north. In the last 3000 years, 25 km of the west coast and the associated shoreface slope have prograded ca. 3 km towards the west forming a barrier spit complex. Large aeolian dunes and cover sands now conceal the spit complex. Extending twenty km west of Blåvands Huk is a highly dynamic bank, the Inner Horns Rev, with active sand-accumulation on the slopes. The Inner Horns Rev bank has grown ca. 3.5 km westward during the last 800 years. The deposits seem to be sourced by the coastal longshore sand transport from the north. The Outer Horns Rev was previously assumed to be a Saalian terminal moraine. However, this investigation reveals that it is also mainly a Holocene marine accumulation landform, but sourced from the west. Other sand accumulations, which are situated 20 – 30 km west of the coast, are probably sourced from both the south and the west.

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Hearty, Paul J., and Darrell S. Kaufman. "Whole-Rock Aminostratigraphy and Quaternary Sea-Level History of the Bahamas." Quaternary Research 54, no. 2 (September 2000): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2164.

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The surficial geology of the tectonically stable Bahamian archipelago preserves one of the most complete records of middle to late Quaternary sea-level-highstand cycles in the world. However, with the exception of deposits from marine isotope substage (MIS) 5e, fossil corals for radiometric dating of this rich stratigraphic sequence are rare. This study utilizes the previously published, independent lithostratigraphic framework as a testing ground for amino acid racemization in whole-rock limestone samples. At least six limestone–soil couplets provide a relative age sequence of events that encompass as many interglacial–glacial cycles. D-Alloisoleucine/L-isoleucine data fall into six clusters, or “aminozones.” On the basis of independent dating and the inferred correlation with global MIS, the ages of several aminozones are known, while the ages of others are calculated from calibrated amino acid geochronology. This study demonstrates the utility of the whole-rock aminostratigraphy method for dating and correlating widespread emergent marine deposits, constitutes the first regional geochronological framework for the Bahamas, and highlights major sea-level events over the past half million years.

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Busson, J., P. Joseph, T. Mulder, V. Teles, J. Borgomano, D. Granjeon, C. Betzler, E. Poli, and M. Wunsch. "High-resolution stratigraphic forward modeling of a Quaternary carbonate margin: Controls and dynamic of the progradation." Sedimentary Geology 379 (January 2019): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.11.004.

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Krapivner, Rudol'f Borisovich. "The problem of genesis of quaternary deposits of the Barents Sea as a reflection of the overall crisis of glacial theory." Арктика и Антарктика, no. 4 (April 2020): 80–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2453-8922.2020.4.34164.

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This article continues the discussion on quaternary geology and paleogeography of the vast and well-studied shelf of the Barents Sea. The object this research is the relief and quaternary formations of the Barents shelf. The data of seismic-acoustic profiling and materials of engineering-geological drilling were used. Since the Barents shelf is a high-latitude area of Holocene sedimentation, the author analyzes various aspects of the quaternary sediments genesis, taking into account the geographic zoning of marine sedimentation processes and an increase in the gravitational consolidation of sediments down through the section. The genetic link between the microstructure and the degree of consolidation of clayey sediments with their seismic image was revealed, which was considered in interpretation of seismic profiling materials. Over the Barents shelf, the cover of weakly consolidated sediments of the last marine transgression is separated from the underlying morainelike or pre-quaternary sediments by a diachronous boundary of stratigraphic and sometimes angular unconformity. The transgression is not of glacioeustatic, but of tectonic nature. During the hiatus that preceded it, an erosional relief with river valleys and their tributaries was formed, the main features of which have been preserved in the northern deep-water part of the sea. The conclusion is argued that approbation of the glacial theory on the example of high-latitude Arctic shelf contradicts the facts and main provisions of glaciology, reflecting the overall crisis of this theory.

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Japsen, Peter, and Torben Bidstrup. "Quantification of late Cenozoic erosion in Denmark based on sonic data and basin modelling." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 46 (December 20, 1999): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1999-46-08.

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The amount of section missing because of late Cenozoic erosion is estimated using basin modelling and sonic data from four stratigraphic levels in 68 Danish wells, and is found to be smaller than estimated in previous studies. The missing section increases from zero in the western and southern part of the Danish North Sea to 1000–1200 m towards north-east, on and along the Skagerrak-Kattegat Platform. In a broad intermediate zone, c. 500 m of mainly Paleocene–Miocene sediments are missing where Paleocene sediments subcrop the Quaternary. On the Skagerrak-Kattegat Platform, an additional c. 500 m Upper Cretaceous–Danian Chalk Group were removed where the lower parts of the Chalk are preserved, whereas the missing sediments must have been progressively younger towards south-west where Miocene sediments subcrop the Quaternary. The deep erosion on and along the Skagerrak-Kattegat Platform documents that Neogene uplift and erosion affected the study area prior to glacial erosion during the Quaternary. These results are consistent with Neogene uplift of south Norway as well as of south Sweden centred around the South Swedish Dome that culminates north-east of the Kattegat. There is good correlation between estimates of erosion based on Chalk velocities and on basin modelling. Comparison of different methods indicates that erosion is overestimated when based on sonic data from Lower Jurassic shale in north-eastern Denmark, and this could be due to lithological differences. It is concluded that maximum burial of the Mesozoic succession occurred prior to Neogene erosion throughout the area, and a previous suggestion of deep erosion in the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone during the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene inversion is rejected.

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Ramm, Mogens. "A stratigraphic study of Late Quaternary sediments on the Vøring-Plateau, eastern Norwegian Sea." Marine Geology 83, no. 1-4 (September 1988): 159–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(88)90057-6.

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Aliotta, Salvador, Silvia S. Ginsberg, Jorge O. Spagnuolo, Ester Farinati, Darío Giagante, and Laura G. Vecchi. "Late Quaternary in a South Atlantic estuarine system: Stratigraphic and paleontologic indicators of coastal evolution." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 45 (August 2013): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2013.03.015.

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KRÖCHERT, JÖRG, and ELMAR BUCHNER. "Age distribution of cinder cones within the Bandas del Sur Formation, southern Tenerife, Canary Islands." Geological Magazine 146, no. 2 (September 16, 2008): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680800544x.

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AbstractThe Quaternary Bandas del Sur Formation in the south of Tenerife comprises a complex sequence of pyroclastic rocks and lavas. In contrast to the NW- and NE-Rift zone on Tenerife, the S-Rift zone comprises a number of characteristics with respect to the morphological features, eruption cyclicity and the geochemistry of the volcanic deposits. Various flank eruptions of the Las Cañadas volcano associated with basaltic lavas and the formation of cinder cones within the Bandas del Sur are important volcanic units for understanding the explosive volcanic cycles during the Pleistocene on Tenerife. A number of palaeomagnetic studies, as well as major and trace element geochemistry and two radio-isotope dates (K–Ar), have been carried out on prominent cinder cones, in order to discover their stratigraphic position. Combining our results with previous K–Ar data, the cones and lavas can be subdivided into three stratigraphic units. The first unit contains cinder cones with reverse magnetization and Y/Nb ratios between 0.37 and 0.41. Cinder cones which belong to the second unit show normal magnetization and Y/Nb ratios of < 0.35. The third unit comprises cinder cones with normal magnetization and Y/Nb ratios of about 0.47. The first two units were constructed between c. 0.948–0.779 Ma and 0.323–0.300 Ma. These units define volcanic cycles ending in violent Plinian eruptions. The third and youngest unit possibly marks the beginning of a further volcanic cycle that started c. 0.095 Ma ago.

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Zol’nikov, I. D., I. S. Novikov, E. V. Deev, A. V. Shpansky, and M. V. Mikharevich. "Facies Composition and Stratigraphic Position of the Quaternary Upper Yenisei Sequence in the Tuva and Minusa Depressions." Russian Geology and Geophysics 62, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 1127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20204183.

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Abstract —The paper concerns the sediment sequence, which is widespread in the Yenisei valley and in the Tuva and Minusa depressions and also present in the valleys of the southern Chulym plain. The sediments of this sequence were previously described as “Neogene mud-shedding”, as well as moraines, alluvial fan deposits, alluvium of Middle Pleistocene high terraces, and lacustrine sediments. The giant ripple marks on the Upper Yenisei terraces was commonly interpreted as ribbed moraines; however, in recent studies, these ridges have been repeatedly referred to as marks of giant current ripples. Besides, some recently published papers provide description of geology of this sequence fragments suggesting its deposition by cataclysmic floods. Geomorphological analysis of the area shows Pleistocene glaciers to have been localized within the medium–high mountainous areas. The glaciers did not reach the Tuva and Minusa depressions and occupied large areas only in the Todzha basin and on the periphery of the Darkhat basin, forming a glacial dam at its outlet, which resulted in glacial-dammed lakes filling the basin completely. These lakes outburst, and the resultant flooding led to the deposition of megaflood sediments, which we refer to here as the Upper Yenisei sediment sequence. A detailed analysis of its facies architecture revealed similarity of these sediments to those of the Sal’dzhar and Inya sequences in Gorny Altai. Most of the Upper Yenisei megaflood sediments are localized in topographic lows of the Tuva and Minusa depressions. Beyond the Altai–Sayan mountainous area, the megaflood sediments of the Upper Yenisei sequence compose high terraces of the Yenisei, Chulym, Chet’, and Kiya rivers in the southern Chulym plain. The formation of Upper Yenisei sequence dates to the first half of the Late Pleistocene, inasmuch as it contains inset alluvial sediments of the second terrace of the Yenisei River. The available data allow suggesting that the Upper Yenisei sequence formed in the first Late Pleistocene regional glaciation. The Sal’dzhar sequence in Gorny Altai and the fourth terrace of the Ob’ River on the Fore-Altai plain are stratigraphic analogs of the Upper Yenisei sequence. The Upper Yenisei and Sal’dzhar sequences can thus be considered future regional markers serving as a link for the local stratigraphic schemes of the Altai–Sayan mountainous area and adjacent West Siberian plains. The results obtained call for verification by geochronological dating, first of all, by modern luminescence dating methods covering a wider chronological interval than radiocarbon dating.

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Swift, Donald J. P., Brian S. Parsons, Anthony Foyle, and George F. Oertel. "Between beds and sequences: stratigraphic organization at intermediate scales in the Quaternary of the Virginia coast, USA." Sedimentology 50, no. 1 (February 2003): 81–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00540.x.

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