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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Geological depositional environments"

1

Friday, Uhuo, Kenneth, Okoro, Anthony U., Igwe Ezekiel O., and Ukandu James S. "ANALYSIS OF DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF UK FIELD RESERVOIR SANDS IN NIGER DELTA BASIN, NIGERIA." American Journal of Applied sciences 04, no. 12 (December 30, 2022): 05–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume04issue12-02.

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The environments of deposition play a vital role during hydrocarbon formation, migration, trapping and storage. Since the reservoir rocks are a function of their depositional environments, the successful tapping of hydrocarbon from its host rock when wells are drilled depends largely on the petrophysical characteristics of the reservoir rocks which in turn originated from and are influenced by their depositional environment. The reservoir facies in Niger Delta shows a broad range of characteristic sedimentological complexities that gave rise to subsurface geological, drilling and production problems occurring in UK Field. The problems include inaccurate determination of environments of deposition, imperfect stratigraphic correlations and reservoir top uncertainty across the UK Field which are targeted by this research in other to help resolve these challenges facing oil and gas industries in the Niger Delta basin of Nigeria. The research findings will assist in the evaluation of depositional environments and well-to-well lithologic correlation within the UK Field and Niger Delta Basin at large. It will also help to unravel major causes of reservoir top uncertainty in UK Field. Also, it will help in future planning and drilling of new wells within UK Field. The determination of the depositional environments of UK Field reservoir sands were carried out to determine the depositional environment of reservoir sand bodies based on data from seven (7) wells. The determination of depositional environments of sand facies penetrated by wells UK1, UK2, UK3, UK4, UK5, UK6 and UK8 was achieved through a side-by-side comparison of their log suites to standard log motifs. Results of facies analysis showed that the reservoir sands belong to mostly (i) fluvial channel, (ii) barrier bar, (iii) lower-middle shoreface, (iv) distributary mouth bar, (v) distributary channel, (vi) point bar and (vii) tidal channel environments that belonged to parts of a deltaic system. Lithologic correlation result reveals the existence of good correlation among all wells in UK Field due to good geological similarities except well UK8 that failed to correlate perfectly with others thereby establishing the existence of reservoir top uncertainty within UK Field. Therefore, reservoir top uncertainty within UK Field is geologically controlled.
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MacCormack, Kelsey, Emmanuelle Arnaud, and Beth L. Parker. "Using a multiple variogram approach to improve the accuracy of subsurface geological models." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 7 (July 2018): 786–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0112.

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Subsurface geological models are often used to visualize and analyze the nature, geometry, and variability of geologic and hydrogeologic units in the context of groundwater resource studies. The development of three-dimensional (3D) subsurface geological models covering increasingly larger model domains has steadily increased in recent years, in step with the rapid development of computing technology and software, and the increasing need to understand and manage groundwater resources at the regional scale. The models are then used by decision makers to guide activities and policies related to source water protection, well field development, and industrial or agricultural water use. It is important to ensure that the modelling techniques and procedures are able to accurately delineate and characterize the heterogeneity of the various geological environments included within the regional model domain. The purpose of this study is to examine if 3D stratigraphic models covering complex Quaternary deposits can be improved by splitting the regional model into multiple submodels based on the degree of variability observed between surrounding data points and informed by expert geological knowledge of the geological–depositional framework. This is demonstrated using subsurface data from the Paris Moraine area near Guelph in southern Ontario. The variogram models produced for each submodel region were able to better characterize the data variability, resulting in a more geologically realistic interpolation of the entire model domain as demonstrated by the comparison of the model output with preexisting maps of surficial geology and bedrock topography as well as depositional models for these complex glacial environments. Importantly, comparison between model outputs reveals significant differences in the resulting subsurface stratigraphy, complexity, and variability, which would in turn impact groundwater flow model predictions.
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Aiello, Gemma, and Mauro Caccavale. "The Depositional Environments in the Cilento Offshore (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) Based on Marine Geological Data." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (October 4, 2021): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101083.

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The depositional environments offshore of the Cilento Promontory have been reconstructed based on the geological studies performed in the frame of the marine geological mapping of the geological sheet n. 502 “Agropoli”. The littoral environment (toe-of-coastal cliff deposits and submerged beach deposits), the inner continental shelf environment (inner shelf deposits and bioclastic deposits), the outer continental shelf environment (outer shelf deposits and bioclastic deposits), the lowstand system tract and the Pleistocene relict marine units have been singled out. The littoral, inner shelf and outer shelf environments have been interpreted as the highstand system tract of the Late Quaternary depositional sequence. This sequence overlies the Cenozoic substratum (ssi unit), composed of Cenozoic siliciclastic rocks, genetically related with the Cilento Flysch. On the inner shelf four main seismo-stratigraphic units, overlying the undifferentiated acoustic basement have been recognized based on the geological interpretation of seismic profiles. On the outer shelf, palimpsest deposits of emerged to submerged beach and forming elongated dunes have been recognized on sub-bottom profiles and calibrated with gravity core data collected in previous papers. The sedimentological analysis of sea bottom samples has shown the occurrence of several grain sizes occurring in this portion of the Cilento offshore.
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Sestini, G. "Nile Delta: a review of depositional environments and geological history." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 41, no. 1 (1989): 99–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.041.01.09.

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Cahyaningsih, Catur, Anjas Latif Ritonga, Shaury Aldila, and Zulhikmah Zulhikmah. "Lithofacies And Depositional Analysis Environment Of West Section Kolok Nan Tuo Village, Sawahlunto City, West Of Sumatera." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2018.3.2.340.

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Research areas were located in the west of Kolok Nan Tuo Village. Geographically this area is located at coordinates 00 ° 36'57,85 '' - 00 ° 37'56,89 '' latitude and 100 ° 42'10,08 '' 100 ° 43'47,28 " BT. The methods used in research is geological mapping. Based on the results of stratigraphic research area is divided into three units consist of: Crystalline Limestone Unit (SBGK) consisting Crystalline Limestone of and mudstone lithofacies, Conglomerate Units (SK) consists of polymic conglomerate and sandstones greywacke lithofacies while claystone Unit (SBL) lithofacies consists of claystone with sedimentary structures is flake. Result of research can interpreted Depositional environment based on type of lithofacies include of grain size, sedimentary structures and content of fossils. SBGK interpretated depositional environment is a basement of basin, SK depositional environment debris unit limestones can be seen from fragments of conglomerates that many there are crystalline limestones and mudstone that make up the alluvial fan (deposition surface) and lithologies clay from sedimentary structures where rock mudstone generally in doposition the current flow that quiet can form sedimentary structures flake and properties of claystone which carbonated an identifier depositional environments sea so can be determined that the environment in the form of neritic environment.
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6

Frolova, E. V. "LOWER MIOCENE RESERVOIRS STRUCTURE AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE CENTRAL PART OF DRAGON OILFIELD (VIETNAM)." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2015-3-40-45.

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The paper presents the results of the study of the structure and depositional environments formation in the lower Miocene reservoirs in the Central area of Dragon field (Cuu Long basin, Vietnam offshore) based on litho-facial, electro-facial, seismic-facial analyses, and biostratigraphy data and the deposits thickness analysis. The geological model refining had been done through the core analysis, seismic interpretation, wireline logs integration and via defi-nition of the depositional environments. The results received permit to predict the depositional environments distribu-tion in the areas that were not identified by drilling, to make more exact the area oil reserves evaluation, to enhance the oil recovery.
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Tabuni, Yorana, Hermina Haluk, and Nur Alzair. "KARAKTERISTIK BATUGAMPING FORMASI MARUNI DAERAH WARMARE DAN SEKITARNYA KABUPATEN MANOKWARI PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT." INTAN Jurnal Penelitian Tambang 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56139/intan.v4i2.88.

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This study aims to determine the characteristics of the Maruni Formation limestones in the Warmare area and its surroundings in Manokwari Regency by using geological mapping, and petrographic and paleontological analysis. Based on physical, petrographic and paleontological characteristics, the limestone facies in the study area consist of packstone, wackestone, mudstone and crystalline. Limestone diagenetic processes that occur in the study area are cementation diagenesis and neomorphism. Limestone depositional environment consists of two depositional environments. First, the depositional environment is in a shallow ocean shelf with limited circulation (SMF10: bioclastic packstone/wackestone with worm skeletal grains and SMF18: Grainstone or packstone with abundant foraminifera or algae; FZ7-FZ8; Platform Interior – Openmarine, Restricted). After that, sea ​​level conditions decreased, so that the depositional environment shifted towards the sea (SMF2: Micobioclastic peloidal calcisiltite and SMF3: Pelagic mudstone/wackstone – FZ3: Toe of Slope). However, in the complex classification of facies, the research area is included in the lagoon depositional environment.
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Li, Jun, Xiaoying Zhang, Bin Lu, Raheel Ahmed, and Qian Zhang. "Static Geological Modelling with Knowledge Driven Methodology." Energies 12, no. 19 (October 8, 2019): 3802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193802.

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Geological modelling is an important topic of oil and gas exploration and production. A new knowledge driven methodology of geological modelling is proposed to address the problem of “hard data” limitation and modelling efficiency of the conventional data driven methodology. Accordingly, a new geological modelling software (DMatlas) (V1.0, Dimue, Wuhan, China) has been developed adopting a grid-free, object-based methodology. Conceptual facies models can be created for various depositional environments (such as fluvial, delta and carbonates). The models can be built largely based on geologists’ understandings with “soft data” such as outcrops analysis and geological maps from public literatures. Basic structures (fault, folds, and discrete fracture network) can be easily constructed according to their main features. In this methodology, models can be shared and re-used by other modelers or projects. Large number of model templates help to improve the modelling work efficiency. To demonstrate the tool, two case studies of geological modelling with knowledge driven methodology are introduced: (1) Suizhong 36-1 field which is a delta depositional environment in Bohai basin, China; (2) a site of the north Oman fracture system. The case studies show the efficiency and reliability within the new methodology.
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Song, Jian, Zhidong Bao, Xingmin Zhao, Yinshan Gao, Xinmin Song, Yanzhen Zhu, Jian Deng, et al. "Sedimentology and geochemistry of Middle–Upper Permian in northwestern Turpan–Hami Basin, China: Implication for depositional environments and petroleum geology." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 36, no. 4 (May 29, 2018): 910–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598718779100.

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Studies have found that the Permian is another important stratum for petroleum exploration except the Jurassic coal measures within Turpan–Hami Basin recently. However, the knowledge of the depositional environments and its petroleum geological significances during the Middle–Late Permian is still limited. Based on the analysis about the sedimentological features of the outcrop and the geochemical characteristics of mudstones from the Middle Permian Taerlang Formation and Upper Permian Quanzijie Formation in the Taoshuyuanzi profile, northwest Turpan–Hami Basin, this paper makes a detailed discussion on the Middle–Late Permian paleoenvironment and its petroleum geological significances. The Middle–Upper Permian delta–lacustrine depositional system was characterized by complex vertical lithofacies assemblages, which were primarily influenced by tectonism and frequent lake-level variations in this area. The Taerlang Formation showed a significant lake transgression trend, whereas the regressive trend of the Quanzijie Formation was relatively weaker. The provenance of Taerlang and Quanzijie Formations was derived from the rift shoulder (Bogda Mountain area now) to the north and might be composed of a mixture of andesite and felsic volcanic source rocks. The Lower Taerlang Formation was deposited in a relatively hot–dry climate, whereas the Upper Taerlang and Quanzijie Formations were deposited in a relatively humid climate. During the Middle–Late Permian, this area belonged to an overall semi-saline water depositional environment. The paleosalinity values showed stepwise decreases from the Lower Taerlang Formation to the Upper Quanzijie Formation, which was influenced by the changes of paleoclimate in this region. During the Middle–Late Permian, the study area was in an overall anoxic depositional environment. The paleoenvironment with humid climate, lower paleosalinity, anoxic condition, and semi-deep to deep water during the deposition of the Upper Taerlang Formation was suitable for the accumulation of mudstones with higher TOC values.
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Gutak, Jaroslav M., Dmitry A. Ruban, and Natalia N. Yashalova. "New Marine Geoheritage from the Russian Altai." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010092.

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Marine geoheritage comprises unique geological features of modern and ancient seas and oceans. The Russian Altai (southern Siberia) is a vast and geologically rich area, which was covered by a marginal sea of the Panthalassa Ocean in the Devonian. New geosites representing shallow- and deep-marine depositional environments and palaeoecosystems of submarine volcano slopes are proposed, namely, Melnichnye Sopki and Zavodskie Sopki. They are located near the town of Zmeinogorsk (Altai Region of the Russian Federation). These pieces of marine geoheritage are valuable on an international scale. Special geoconservation procedures are recommended to manage the proposed geosites efficiently. They can be included in a geopark, which is reasonable to create due to the concentration of geological and mining heritage in the study area.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Geological depositional environments"

1

Grashion, Anton R. "Computer aided analysis of ancient fluvial depositional environments." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241509.

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2

Segwabe, Tebogo. "The geological framework and depositional environments of the coal-bearing Karoo strata in the Central Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005567.

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The investigation of the geological history (i.e., stratigraphy and sedimentology) and the dynamics of coal depositional environments, in particular, the forces responsible for changes in the accommodation space (e.g., subsidence vs. sedimentation rates) in the Permian coal-bearing Karoo strata in the Central Kalahari Karoo Basin (Botswana) revealed new details about the depositional processes and environments. Detailed review of the temporal and spatial stratigraphic variation of the coal-bearing Ecca Group successions via the analysis of facies changes based on core descriptions, gamma logs, field observations and palaeo-current measurements, lead to the identification of two main informal stratigraphic units, namely the Basal and Upper Units. The Basal Unit is characterised by an upward-coarsening succession, and it is interpreted as a product of a progradational deltaic setting (i.e., regressive deltaic cycle). This is followed by five sequences of fining-upward successions of sandstones and siltstones in the Upper Unit, interpreted as deposits of distributary channels (the basal arenaceous member) capped by finer argillaceous sequences of the deltaic floodplains (the upper coal-bearing member). The Upper Unit thus is interpreted as a delta plain facies association which was formed during transgressive phases when conditions for coal-quality peat accumulation (e.g., high water table) were present and the available accommodation space was partly controlled by tectonic uplift (repeated?) at basin margins. Limited palaeo-current analysis indicates deposition by channels flowing from the east, south-east and north-east. The lack of good quality exposures hampers the reconstruction of the plan form of the channel patterns. However, the little available evidence indicates a high-energy fluvio-deltaic system with irregular discharge and a high proportion of bedload sediments. Coal-seam thickness in the upper coal-bearing member reflect the complex control of the geological processes associated with and following peat formation, such as differential compaction of the underlying lithology, and the erosive or protective nature of the immediately overlying lithology.
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Fadipe, Oluwaseun Adejuwon. "Facies, Depositional Environments and Reservoir Properties of the Albian Age Gas Bearing Sandstone of the Ibhubesi Oil Field, Orange Basin, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3304_1285541101.

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The Orange Basin was formed during the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous periods due to Gondwana breakup and rifting and later drifting apart of the African and South American plates. The basin consists of siliciclastic sandstone which took its sediment supply from river system with a rivalling delta to the north of the basin. Geological and petrophysical studies were carried out to evaluate the reservoir potential of the wells in the study area. This study considered five wells (A-G1, A-W1, A-K1, A-K2 and A-Y1) in the Orange Basin with attention to the Albian age sandstone. Only three of the studied wells (A-G1, A-W1 and A-K1) have core samples for analysis. The methods used for the execution of this study include the description and calibration of spot cores with conventional standard logging record responses, wireline log interpretation using sequence stratigraphy approach, detailed petrographic (SEM, HR-TEM, XRD and thin section) and geochemical (pore water geochemistry, FTIR and XRF) analyses, and petrophysical analysis to unravel the complexities with regard to facies association, depositional environment and diagenesis. Linking diagenesis to depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy has given a clearer picture to the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations and thus of evolution of reservoir quality in the studied wells. Three depositional lithofacies were identified based on a detailed core description [fine grained sandstone (F1), very fine grained sandstone (F2) and mudstone (F3)]. Fluvio-deltaic and shallow marine environments were also interpreted from the core description based on the sedimentary structures and mineral assemblage while the log interpretation shows that the different reservoir units range between LST, TST and HST but mostly of LST. Mineralogical predictions were made possible in the wells without core samples (A-K2 and A-Y1) through the use of density-neutron cross plot, these reveal that the two wells contain some considerable amount of clay minerals like kaolinite, chlorite and illite.

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Stutz, James Edward II. "Reconstruction of LGM and Post LGM Glacial Environment of McMurdo Sound: Implications for Ice Dynamics, Depositional Systems and Glacial Isostatic Adjustment." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1324595182.

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5

Beik, Ibtisam [Verfasser], Jörg [Gutachter] Mutterlose, and Olaf Günther [Gutachter] Podlaha. "Geological setting and depositional environment of Late Cretaceous-Paleocene oil shales from Jordan / Ibtisam Beik ; Gutachter: Jörg Mutterlose, Olaf Günther Podlaha ; Fakultät für Geowissenschaften." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1185171770/34.

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Dunn, Catherine. "How Unusual is Tropical Storm Irene? A Case Study of Storm Deposition in Littleville Lake, Huntington, MA." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1400777365.

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7

Friederichs, Yasmin Lima. "O sistema fluvio-estuarino da Baía de Sepetiba preservado na estratigrafia rasa da plataforma continental interna adjacente (RJ)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4307.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A análise de dados de reflexão sísmica monocanal boomer (Hz ~ 700-4,000; penetração ~ 70 ms) adquiridos na plataforma continental interna-média (até ~ 50-60 m de profundidade) ao largo do sistema estuarino baía de Sepetiba, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, revelou a ocorrência de uma sucessão sedimentar preservada 15-20 m, sismicamente interpretada como representando ambientes fluvio-estuarinos para marinhos rasos. Estas séries são sotopostas à inconformidade regional mais superior reconhecida na escala de plataforma, chamada superfície S3. Esta superfície é erodida por numerosas incisões fluviais, que sugerem processos erosivos associados à prolongada exposição subaérea da plataforma continental durante o estágio isotópico marinho 2 (MIS 2), globalmente datada em ~ 20 ka A.P.. A preservação de tais unidades de corte e preenchimento estuarinho presumíveis Pleistoceno Superior-Holoceno na plataforma interna-média (até ~ 30 km da costa) evidencia pela primeira vez na área a existência de um paleo sistema fluvial bastante desenvolvido e processos dominantes de denudação na bacia hidrográfica a montante que atualmente alimenta a baía de Sepetiba. Bem como que, uma série de elementos arquiteturais sísmicos dentro desta sucessão estuarina, como canais de maré retrogradantes, registram a evolução do paleo sistema estuarino de um sistema aberto à um sistema parcialmente protegido durante a transgressão Holocênica. A formação e erosão de uma sucessão de ilhas barreira isoladas e canais de maré durante a transgressão persistiu até o desenvolvimento de uma superfície estratigráfica superior na área, interpretada como a superfície de máxima inundação (MFS) no registro estratigráfico. A ilha barreira atual (restinga da Marambaia) prograda sobre a MFS como uma feição deposição regressiva, apontando para uma idade mais jovem do que cerca de ~ 5 ka A. P., idade da transgressão máxima na área, de acordo com a literatura disponível.
The analysis of boomer monochannel seismic reflection data (~700-4.000 Hz; ~70 ms penetration) acquired on the inner-mid shelf (up to ~50-60 m depth) offshore Sepetiba bay estuarine system, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, revealed the occurrence of a 15-20 m preserved sedimentary succession, seismically interpreted as representing fluvio-estuarine to shallow marine environments. These series overly the most upper regional unconformity recognized at shelf scale, named surface S3. This surface is eroded by numerous fluvial incisions, which suggest erosive processes associated to prolonged subaerial exposure of the continental shelf during marine isotopic stage 2 (MIS2), globally dated at ~20 ky B.P.. Preservation of such presumable Upper Pleistocene-Holocene cut-and-fill estuarine units on the inner-mid shelf (up to ~30km away from the coast) evidence for the first time in the area the existence of a rather developed paleo river system and dominant denudation processes in the upstream catchment basin that presently nourishes Sepetiba bay. As well as that, a series of seismic architectural elements within this estuarine succession, such as retrogressive tidal channels, record the evolution of the paleo estuarine system from an open to a partially-protected system during the Holocene transgression. The formation and erosion of a succession of isolated barrier islands and tidal channels during transgression persisted until the development of an upper stratigraphic surface in the area, interpreted as the maximum flooding surface (MFS) in the stratigraphic record. The present day barrier island (restinga da Marambaia) progrades over the MFS as a regressive depositional feature, pointing to an age younger than about ~5 ky B. P., dating of the maximum transgression in the area, according to the available literature.
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Biniwale, Shripad. "Hydraulic flow zone unit characterisation and mapping for Australian geological depositional environments." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/82098.

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Prediction of reservoir productivity and petroleum recovery efficiency requires detailed analysis of various reservoir properties and their interrelationship. Among fundamental data used in such analysis, core data occupies a significant place in characterizing reservoirs. Core data is used in laboratory measurements to obtain basic and special formation parameters and plays a vital role in terms of understanding geological depositional environments and subsequent alteration (diagenesis). Geoscientists have traditionally classified rocks according to porosity, grain parameters (size, sorting and distribution) whereas reservoir engineers tend to emphasize the dynamic behaviour of multiphase flow in rock formations (relative permeability and capillary pressure). To bridge such differing views, the Carman-Kozeny (C-K) equation based Hydraulic Flow Zone Unit (HU or FZIJ) methodology, which considers variation in flow behaviour properties as a function of geological facies, has been found ideal in characterizing very diverse Australian reservoirs. Compared to previous studies, which tended to classify formations firstly by rock parameters, this research work shows the advantages of classifying formations firstly according to geological deposition and secondly by rock parameters. For this purpose, the concept of 'Global Characteristic Envelopes' (GCEs) has been introduced which groups data by specific geological environments. Several such envelopes can be created for different fields, where the internal structure of each envelope is a function of rock parameters, influenced by variation in deposition and subsequent diagenetic effects, such as compaction, cementation and mineralization (e.g. formation of clays). As a specific application that uses the above methodology, laboratory derived capillary pressure data, for a number of Australian offshore fields, has been reviewed for the purpose of establishing water saturation-height relationships as a function of rock type, forming part of a comprehensive petrophysical analysis. A modified 'FZI-λ' method, capable of giving improved estimates of reservoir fluid distributions, has been proposed. The new methodology is particularly well suited for interpolating among different lithologies and diverse rock types as evident from comparison with other methods reported in the literature. In conclusion, this work demonstrates the multidisciplinary approach to reservoir characterisation, a requirement for a more comprehensive understanding of reservoirs. This systematic approach, utilizing FZIJs, has resulted in an overall improved methodology that is able to integrate geological, petrophysical and engineering aspects.
Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Australian School of Petroleum, 2005
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Segwabe, Tebogo. "The Geological framework and depositional environmentsof the coal-bearing Karoo strata in the Central Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana /." 2008. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1737/.

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Burton, Darrin. "Geologically-based permeability anisotropy estimates for tidally-influenced reservoir analogs using lidar-derived, quantitative shale character data." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-2722.

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The principle source of heterogeneity affecting flow behavior in conventional clastic reservoirs is discontinuous, low-permeability mudstone beds and laminae (shales). Simple ‘streamline’ models have been developed which relate permeability anisotropy (kv/kh ) at the reservoir scale to shale geometry, fraction, and vertical frequency. A limitation of these models, especially for tidally-influenced reservoirs, is the lack of quantitative geologic inputs. While qualitative models exist that predict shale character in tidally-influenced environments (with the largest shales being deposited near the turbidity maximum in estuaries, and in the prodelta-delta front), little quantitative shale character data is available. The purpose of this dissertation is to collect quantitative data to test hypothetical relationships between depositional environment and shale character and to use this data to make geologically-based estimates of for different reservoir elements. For this study, high-resolution, lidar point-clouds were used to measure shale length, thickness, and frequency. This dissertation reports a novel method for using distance-corrected lidar intensity returns to distinguish sandstone and mudstone lithology. Lidar spectral and spatial data, photo panels, and outcrop measurements were used to map and quantify shale character. Detailed shale characteristics were measured from four different tidally-influenced reservoir analogs: estuarine point bar (McMurray Formation, Alberta, Canada), tidal sand ridge (Tocito Sandstone, New Mexico), and unconfined and confined tidal bars (Sego Sandstone, Utah). Estuarine point bars have long (l=67.8 m) shales that are thick and frequent relative to the other units. Tidal sand ridges have short (l=8.6 m dip orientation) shales that are thin and frequent. Confined tidal bars contain shales that are thin, infrequent, and anisotropic, averaging 16.3 m in length (dip orientation). Unconfined tidal bars contain nearly equidimensional (l=18.6 m dip orientation) shales with moderate thicknesses and vertical frequency. The observed shale geometries agree well with conceptual models for tidal environments. The unique shale character of each unit results in a different distribution of estimated . The average estimated kv/kh values for each reservoir element are: 8.2*10^4 for estuarine point bars, 0.038 for confined tidal bars, 0.004 for unconfined tidal bars, and 0.011 for tidal sand ridges.
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Книги з теми "Geological depositional environments"

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Rasmussen, Pat E. Trace metals in the environment: A geological perspective. [Ottawa, Ont.]: Geological Survey of Canada, 1996.

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Nilles, Mark A. Atmospheric Deposition Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Denver, CO: U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Nilles, Mark A. Atmospheric Deposition Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Denver, CO: U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Nilles, Mark A. Atmospheric Deposition Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Denver, CO: U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Nilles, Mark A. Atmospheric Deposition Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Denver, CO: U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Campbell, K. W. Pollutant exposure and response relationships: A literature review ; geological and hydrogeological aspects. Calgary, Alta: Acid Deposition Research Program, 1987.

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(Editor), Marjorie A. Chan, and Allen W. Archer (Editor), eds. Extreme Depositional Environments: Mega End Members in Geologic Time (Special Paper (Geological Society of America)). Geological Society of America, 2003.

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Jiang, Ganqing, and Carol Dehler, eds. Field Excursions from Las Vegas, Nevada: Guides to the 2022 GSA Cordilleran and Rocky Mountain Joint Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/fld063.

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Prepared in conjunction with the 2022 GSA Cordilleran/Rocky Mountain Sections Joint Meeting, this Field Guide showcases trips to geologically interesting areas in Arizona, Nevada, and California. Enjoy a three-day trip to the Buckskin-Rawhide and northern Plomosa Mountains metamorphic core complexes in Arizona. In Nevada, learn about the geology of Frenchman Mountain and Rainbow Gardens and landslide deposits and mechanisms in the eastern Spring Mountains. Or learn about microbialites in Miocene and modern lakes near Las Vegas. When weather permits, unravel the geological history of southern Death Valley, and explore vertebrate paleontology and Cenozoic depositional environments in Death Valley, California.
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Chan, Marjorie A., and Allen W. Archer. Extreme depositional environments: mega end members in geologic time. Geological Society of America, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/spe370.

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Special Paper 370: Extreme depositional environments: mega end members in geologic time. Geological Society of America, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2370-1.

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Частини книг з теми "Geological depositional environments"

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Al-Helal, Anwar, Yaqoub AlRefai, Abdullah AlKandari, and Mohammad Abdullah. "Subsurface Stratigraphy of Kuwait." In The Geology of Kuwait, 27–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16727-0_2.

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AbstractThis chapter reviews the subsurface stratigraphy of Kuwait targeting geosciences educators. The lithostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy of the reviewed formations (association of rocks whose components are paragenetically related to each other, both vertically and laterally) followed the formal stratigraphic nomenclature in Kuwait. The exposed stratigraphic formations of the Miocene–Pleistocene epochs represented by the Dibdibba, Lower Fars, and Ghar clastic sediments (Kuwait Group) were reviewed in the previous chapter as part of near-surface geology. In this chapter, the description of these formations is based mainly on their subsurface presence. The description of the subsurface stratigraphic formations in Kuwait followed published academic papers and technical reports related to Kuwait’s geology or analog (GCC countries, Iraq and Iran) either from the oil and gas industry or from different research institutions in Kuwait and abroad. It is also true that studies related to groundwater aquifer systems also contribute to our understanding of the subsurface stratigraphy of Kuwait for the shallower formations. The majority of the published data were covered the onshore section of Kuwait. The subsurface stratigraphic nomenclature description is based on thickness, depositional environment, sequence stratigraphy, the nature of the sequence boundaries, biostratigraphy, and age. The sedimentary strata reflect the depositional environment in which the rocks were formed. Understanding the characteristics of the sedimentary rocks will help understand many geologic events in the past, such as sea-level fluctuation, global climatic changes, tectonic processes, geochemical cycles, and more, depending on the research question. The succession of changing lithological sequences is controlled by three main factors; sea-level change (eustatic sea level), sediment supply, and accommodation space controlled by regional and local tectonics influences. Several authors have developed theoretical methods, established conceptual models, and produced several paleofacies maps to interpret Kuwait’s stratigraphic sequence based on the data collected over time intervals from the Late Permian to Quaternary to reconstruct the depositional history of the Arabian Plate in general and of Kuwait to understand the characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs.
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am Ende, Barbara A. "Depositional environments, palynology, and age of the Dakota Formation, south-central Utah." In Geological Society of America Special Papers, 65–84. Geological Society of America, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/spe260-p65.

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Rymer, Michael J., Barry Roth, J. Platt Bradbury, and Richard M. Forester. "Depositional environments of the Cache, Lower Lake, and Kelseyville Formations, Lake County, California." In Geological Society of America Special Papers, 45–62. Geological Society of America, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/spe214-p45.

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Gaillot*, Gwladys T., Michael L. Sweet, and Manasij Santra. "Deep-water deposits of the Eocene Tyee Formation, Oregon." In From Terranes to Terrains: Geologic Field Guides on the Construction and Destruction of the Pacific Northwest, 19–48. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.0062(02).

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ABSTRACT The Eocene Tyee Formation of west central Oregon, USA, records deposition in a forearc basin. With outcrop exposures of fluvial/deltaic to shelf and submarine fan depositional environments and known sediment sourcing constrained by detrital zircon dating and mineralogy linked to the Idaho Batholith, it is possible to place deposits of the Tyee Formation in a source-to-sink context. A research program carried out by the Department of Geological Sciences at The University of Texas at Austin and ExxonMobil Research Company’s Clastic Stratigraphy Group has reconstructed the Eocene continental margin from shelf to slope to basin floor using outcrop and subsurface data. This work allows us to put observations of individual outcrops into a basin-scale context. This field trip will visit examples of depositional environments across the entire preserved source-to-sink system, but it will focus on the deep-water deposits of the Tyee Formation that range from slope channels to proximal and distal basin-floor fans. High-quality roadcuts reveal the geometry of slope channel-fills in both depositional strike and dip orientations. Thick, sand-rich medial fan deposits show vertical amalgamation and a high degree of lateral continuity of sandstones and mudstones. Distal fan facies with both classic Bouma-type turbidites and combined flow or slurry deposits are well exposed along a series of new roadcuts east of Newport, Oregon. The larger basin-scale context of the Tyee Formation is illustrated at a quarry in the northern end of the basin where the contact between the oceanic crust of the underlying Siletzia terrane and submarine fan deposits of the Tyee Formation is exposed. The Tyee Formation provides an excellent opportunity to see the facies and three-dimensional geometry of deep-water deposits, and to show how these deposits can be used to help reconstruct ancient continental margins.
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Pillmore, Charles L., and Romeo M. Flores. "Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clay and associated rocks, Raton basin, New Mexico and Colorado." In Geological Society of America Special Papers, 111–30. Geological Society of America, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/spe209-p111.

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Carr, David A. "Fades and depositional environments of the coal-bearing upper carbonaceous member of the Wepo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), northeastern Black Mesa, Arizona." In Geological Society of America Special Papers, 167–88. Geological Society of America, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/spe260-p167.

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Meek, Frederick B., R. Douglas Elmore, and Patrick K. Sutherland. "Lithostratigraphy and depositional environments of the Springer and lower Golf Course Formations, Ardmore Basin, Oklahoma." In Centennial Field Guide Volume 4: South-Central Section of the Geological Society of America, 189–94. Geological Society of America, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-5404-6.189.

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Cohen, Andrew S. "Sedimentological Archives in Lake Deposits." In Paleolimnology. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133530.003.0011.

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Lake sediments are both repositories and sources of information about lake history. Depositional products tell us about the mechanisms of transport or accumulation of important geochemical and fossil archives, but important clues about that history are imbedded in the pattern of sedimentation itself. Geologists have recognized this fact since the earliest paleolimnological studies. Although he would certainly not have called himself a paleolimnologist, Charles Lyell’s (1830) classic studies and interpretation of the depositional environments of the Eocene Paris Basin set the tone for a time-honored approach to the study of ancient lake deposits. Lyell recognized that understanding the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of lakes that affect sedimentation, obtained through modern observation, must be applied to a four-dimensional (spatial plus time) analysis of sedimentary deposits and depositional history. However, not everything we need to know or every process we need to invoke will necessarily arise from our short-term observations of modern lakes. Events that are unlikely to occur in the course of a brief, several-year experiment or period of monitoring may become virtual certainties over the long history of some lakes and may leave a sedimentary archive of which we have little prior understanding from modern studies (Dott, 1983). Furthermore, the sedimentary response that we observe to some external forcing event may differ depending on the time scale over which we observe the response (Dearing, 1991). Consider a hill slope that is undergoing accelerated erosion, and that is producing an accumulation of sediment in a downstream channel as a result of land-clearing activities. Initially there may be no response in terms of sedimentation rate in the downstream lake; all of the sediment is being held in temporary storage. This process may occur over time scales of a few decades. At some later time a triggering event, perhaps a series of abnormally high rainfall and discharge years, causes this sediment to be released to the lake, now at an accelerated rate. This becomes a sedimentary response that the paleolimnologist can record. But, over geological time scales of millennia or longer, the original process may be modified, and new ones may gain in importance.
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Berra, Fabrizio, and Flavio Jadoul. "Facies types and architecture of a Triassic high relief carbonate system terminated by subaerial exposure (Lombardy, Southern Alps, N Italy)." In Field guides to exceptionally exposed carbonate outcrops, 265–309. International Association of Sedimentologists, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54780/iasfg3/06.

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The goal of the field itinerary is to illustrate the facies and architecture of a Triassic high-relief carbonate platform (lithostratigraphically known as Esino Limestone; Lombardy, N Italy), similar in age and evolution to the more renowned coeval carbonate platforms of the Dolomites (NE Italy) and the coeval basinal facies. In the central Southern Alps dolomitization is less pervasive with respect to the Dolomites, so that the facies preservation is spectacular, allowing for the observation of detailed depositional and diagenetic features. Furthermore, the visited platform outcrops provide the unique opportunity to observe the sedimentological record of its demise, freezing the architecture of a platform that lasted for about 5 Myr (from close to the Anisian-Ladinian boundary to the Ladinian-Carnian boundary), from the platform top to the basin. The complete section of this Ladinian-Carnian (Middle-Upper Triassic) high-relief carbonate platform is exposed along the Brembana Valley, north of the city of Bergamo. Facies types can be observed in selected outcrops during the field trip, whereas seismic scale geometric and stratigraphic relationships (from the platform top to the slope and basinal setting), can be observed from selected viewpoints. The carbonate platform system reaches a thickness of up to 800 m, with a platform-basin relief of more than 600 m at the end of its evolution. The field itinerary crosses the entire system, from the inner platform to the basin, of one of the best-preserved Triassic carbonate platforms of the Southern Alps of Italy. Inner platform (subtidal to peritidal cycles consisting of oncoidal-bioclastic packstone to grainstone capped by stromatolitic beds), reef (mostly microbial boundstone), slope (clast-supported, early-cemented poorly-selected breccias produced by collapses of the reef-upper slope belt) and basinal facies (dark, well-bedded limestone) facies are exposed in the visited outcrops. During a ‘geological dive’, from the platform top to the basin floor, the diverse subenvironments of the carbonate system can be observed, appreciating the variability of facies along the depositional profile. Each observation is framed in the seismic-scale geometry of the platform that can be appreciated from easily accessible viewpoints. The exceptionally well-preserved facies, as the facies-destructive dolomitization that heavily affects the spectacular coeval platforms of the Dolomites is here rare, permit to document in detail the depositional, early and late diagenetic events. The visited high-relief carbonate system is characterised by a rapid demise, recorded by changes in the facies associations that are exposed in some of the stops representative of different depositional environments: platform top, reef and slope. The abrupt demise of this carbonate system is marked by a major (probably earliest Carnian) sea-level fall associated with a climate change recorded in the different parts of the depositional system by major facies changes. On the platform top the demise is marked by regressive carbonate facies that have different sedimentological characteristics and thickness in the inner platform and in the reef belt. In the basin and on the slope the demise of the carbonate platform is associated with the abrupt input of clay in the basinal setting facing the progradational platform: the seismic-scale onlap relationships between the last prograding clinoform of the Esino Limestone (clast-supported breccias) and the overlying basinal clay can be observed in a spectacular outcrop along the platform slope.
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Genge, Matthew J. "Drawing sedimentary outcrops." In Geological Field Sketches and Illustrations, 141–68. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835929.003.0009.

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Sedimentary rocks are the commonest rocks found on the surface of the Earth’s crust and record much of the history of both our planet and life on Earth. This chapter describes how to draw outcrops of sedimentary rocks in the field and the most important features of these rocks to record and describe. The stratigraphy and interpretation of sedimentary rocks is also considered in the chapter and includes a description of common sedimentary structures. The use of sedimentary facies in evaluation of depositional environment is introduced. Five worked examples of field sketches of sedimentary outcrops are given to illustrate how to make accurate and detailed observations of sediments. Examples include how to draw unconformities, sedimentary structures, lithologies, and graphic logs.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Geological depositional environments"

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Maurer, F., R. Rettori, S. Cirilli, and H. Hillgärtner. "Primary Category - Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, and Depositional Environments (e.g. Framework for Geological Modelling)." In IPTC 2009: International Petroleum Technology Conference. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.151.iptc13108.

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Krainer, K., S. G. Lucas, J. A. Spielmann, and K. Durney. "Cretaceous depositional environments and sequence stratigrpahy at Cerro de Cristo Rey, Dona Ana County, New Mexico (abs.)." In 2010 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Geological Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2010.655.

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Bauer, E. M., and G. H. Mack. "Depositional environments, sediment dispersal, and provenance of the Lower Permian Glorieta Sandstone, central and northern New Mexico." In 2011 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Geological Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2011.602.

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Biniwale, S., and P. Behrenbruch. "The Mapping of Hydraulic Flow Zone Units and Characterisation of Australian Geological Depositional Environments." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/88521-ms.

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Zulkifli, Nur Azah, Lisa Claire Chisholm, Amy Mawarni M Yusoff, Nur Khairina Kosnon, Mohd Zubair Mohd Azkah, and Mohd Amri M Diah. "Defining Heterogeneity and Compartmentalisation Predictions of Minor Reservoirs in Fluvial Environments: Geological and Dynamic Context." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21225-ms.

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Abstract Reservoirs in MN Field comprise predominantly fluvial delta deposits. A number of reservoir modeling studies have been performed for major reservoirs, however, there are still challenges to be addressed. After 20 plus years of production, a project for minor reservoirs has been crafted based on the understanding and challenges of major reservoirs. The primary objective of this study was to improve the understanding of the uncertainties impacting the well performance and reservoir connectivity; and to find potential infill opportunities. A 2D conceptual modelling approach was used as a practical way to incorporate the static and dynamic data of logs, core, seismic and pressure data. Taking the lessons learned from the major reservoir performances, this study focused on the fluvial reservoir sedimentology to address and decrease the uncertainties through the different scales of heterogeneity. Consequently, depositional facies maps were developed with the integration of geophysical study and interpretation derived from seismic analysis. These integrated depositional facies maps were then further refined with the well production data and scenarios of multiple compartments from multiple iterations to fit into the conceptual models of this field. Refined paleo depositional maps for these minor reservoirs allowed for a better understanding on reservoir heterogeneities and further improved the geological understanding. This fundamental study can show us a more precise distribution and tendency of the sand and the scales of heterogeneity with different depositional facies. However, capturing and preserving the different levels of heterogeneities and compartmentalization is complex for some thin sand reservoirs which are below seismic resolution and have low correlation of reservoir properties-seismic response. Additionally, multiple compartments were inferred due to pressure difference and multiple contacts within a reservoir. This was further complicated by the uncertainty in log interpretation due to inadequacy of high confidence data (DST/fluid sampling), suppressed resistivity from shaly sands and below log resolution of thin beds. Despite of these issues and challenges, with integration of all the data available and rigorous team discussions; the minor reservoirs depo-facies, static and dynamic compartmentalization were finalized, leading to enhancement of reservoir prediction, communication and quality.
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Andika, B. "Characteristics of Facies Associations, Ichnofacies and Microfossils for Depositional Environment Interpretation of The Clastic Pulau Balang Formation, Samarinda." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-sg-12.

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The Kutai Basin contains prolific reserves of oil and gas. The study of depositional environments is one of the goals of oil and gas exploration. The location of this research is situated in the Tanah Merah area, Samarinda. The objective of this research was to analyse outcrops of the Pulau Balang Formation exposed in the Tanah Merah area to determine the depositional environment. Site specific studies were conducted at 3 localities in this area; TM1, TM2 and TM3. This study combines geological mapping, measured sections, facies analysis, petrography, ichnofacies analysis and microfossil analysis. Geological mapping was carried out to determine the distribution of rock units and geological structures. Measured sections were used for facies analysis and the identification of sedimentary structures and ichnofacies. Petrography was carried out to determine the mineral content of rocks and microfossil analysis for palaeobathymetric environmental analysis. The geological structure of the study area comprises a NE-SW trending anticline and syncline and a left lateral strike-slip fault with E-W direction. The study area is entirely within the Middle Miocene age Pulau Balang Formation and can be divided into three facies associations. The TM1 facies association comprises strata interpreted to be deposited in a supratidal marsh and intertidal flat environment. The TM2 facies association comprises strata interpreted to be deposited in a subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal environment. The TM3 facies association comprises strata interpreted to be deposited in a shoreface environment. The petrography of the study area indicates that rock units predominantly comprise quartz wacke and lithic wacke. Two ichnofacies were identified in the research area 2, namely the Skolithos ichnofacies and the Skolithos-Cruziana ichnofacies and contain ichnogenera namely Ophiomorpha, Skolithos, Planolites, Thalassinoides, Paaleophycus. Microfossil analysis found benthonic foraminifera species including Nodosaria lamellala, N. radicula, Vaginulinopsis tricarinata, Lagena costata, Striatissima vaginulina, Bulimina lappa, Planularia auris, Quinqueloculina seminulum, Bolivina punctata and Lahena laevis. Based on the presence of these microfossils and ichnofacies, it is interpreted that the research area was deposited in a neritic-bathyal environment.
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ALNasheet*, Anwar B., Y. Zee Ma, Jason R. Sitchler, Muhammad Yaser, Ernest Gomez, Kalyanbrata Datta, and Kishore Burman. "Building a Realistic Geological and Reservoir Model for a Stratigraphic Unit Displaying Varying Depositional Environments: Greater Burgan Field, Kuwait." In International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2015-2208948.

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Beemer, Ryan D., Alexandre N. Bandini-Maeder, Jeremy Shaw, Ulysse Lebrec, and Mark J. Cassidy. "The Granular Structure of Two Marine Carbonate Sediments." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77087.

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Calcareous sediments are prominent throughout the low-latitudinal offshore environment and have been known to be problematic for offshore foundation systems. These fascinating soils consist largely of the skeletal remains of single-celled marine organisms (plankton and zooplankton) and can be as geologically complex as their onshore siliceous counter parts. To enable an adequate understanding of their characteristics, in particular, their intra-granular micro-structure, it is important that geotechnical engineers do not forget about the multifaceted biological origins of these calcareous sediments and the different geological processes that created them. In this paper, the 3D models of soils grains generated from micro-computed tomography scans, scanning electeron microscope images, and optical microscope images of two calcareous sediments from two different depositional environments are presented and their geotechnical implications discussed. One is a coastal bioclastic sediment from Perth, Western Australia that is geologically similar to carbonate sediments typically used in micro-mechanics and particle crushing studies in the literature. The other is a hemipelagic sediment from a region of the North West Shelf of Australia that has historically been geotechnically problematic for engineers. The results show there is a marked difference between coastal bioclastic and hemipelagic sediments in terms of geological context and the associated particle micro-structures. This brings into question whether a coastal bioclastic calcareous sediment is a good micro-mechanical substitute for a hemipelagic one.
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Zamanbayov, Ulvi. "Seismic Facies Analysis of Lower Productive Series of Gurgan-Deniz Field in South Caspian Basin with the Aid of Seismic Attributes." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207047-ms.

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Анотація:
Abstract Drilled for the first time in 1946 and one of the oldest fields in the South Caspian Basin located in the western part of Apsheron sill, Gurgan-Deniz has been subject to redevelopment. A 3D seismic survey, conducted over the area for the first time, has been interpreted, analysing the lower Productive Series with regard to seismic facies and prospectivity. The facies analysis allows for better understanding of eustatic levels in the region and depositional environments of lower Productive Series in the area. A composite seismic attribute Sweetness and an RGB blend of Spectral Decomposition have been applied to the 3D volume, as well as to the interpreted stratigraphic surfaces. With the aid of the attributes and petrophysical well description, direct and indirect facies interpretation have been carried out. First, considering reflection parameters such as parallelism, continuity and hummockiness, as well as sedimentary features. Subsequently, reaching conclusions on depositional processes, environments, and geological evolution. Finally, analysing field prospectivity and migration pathways. Eight seismic facies have been identified by analysing stratigraphic horizons representing the tops of Kalin Suite (KaS), Pre-Kirmaky Sand Suite (PK) and Kirmaky Suite (KS). Facies have been interpreted as mass-flow deposits, amalgamated channel systems, channel and bar systems, sheetflow and floodplain deposits in a varying lacustrine-fluvial environment. KaS has been deposited following a sea- level drop and increased sediment inflow from Palaeo-Volga. The origin of the mass-flow facies is thought to be related to the increase of sedimentation speed, as well as tectonics decreasing the terrace stability. PK shows evidence of further sea-level drop and shows mainly fluvial depositional environment. Starting from KS, sea level has started to rise, once again showing mixed depositional environment. Attribute anomalies have been explored in the lower wing of the anticline structure in PK and KaS. A 3-way trap and possible migration pathways generate considerable risks.
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10

Zamanbayov, Ulvi. "Seismic Facies Analysis of Lower Productive Series of Gurgan-Deniz Field in South Caspian Basin with the Aid of Seismic Attributes." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207047-ms.

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Анотація:
Abstract Drilled for the first time in 1946 and one of the oldest fields in the South Caspian Basin located in the western part of Apsheron sill, Gurgan-Deniz has been subject to redevelopment. A 3D seismic survey, conducted over the area for the first time, has been interpreted, analysing the lower Productive Series with regard to seismic facies and prospectivity. The facies analysis allows for better understanding of eustatic levels in the region and depositional environments of lower Productive Series in the area. A composite seismic attribute Sweetness and an RGB blend of Spectral Decomposition have been applied to the 3D volume, as well as to the interpreted stratigraphic surfaces. With the aid of the attributes and petrophysical well description, direct and indirect facies interpretation have been carried out. First, considering reflection parameters such as parallelism, continuity and hummockiness, as well as sedimentary features. Subsequently, reaching conclusions on depositional processes, environments, and geological evolution. Finally, analysing field prospectivity and migration pathways. Eight seismic facies have been identified by analysing stratigraphic horizons representing the tops of Kalin Suite (KaS), Pre-Kirmaky Sand Suite (PK) and Kirmaky Suite (KS). Facies have been interpreted as mass-flow deposits, amalgamated channel systems, channel and bar systems, sheetflow and floodplain deposits in a varying lacustrine-fluvial environment. KaS has been deposited following a sea- level drop and increased sediment inflow from Palaeo-Volga. The origin of the mass-flow facies is thought to be related to the increase of sedimentation speed, as well as tectonics decreasing the terrace stability. PK shows evidence of further sea-level drop and shows mainly fluvial depositional environment. Starting from KS, sea level has started to rise, once again showing mixed depositional environment. Attribute anomalies have been explored in the lower wing of the anticline structure in PK and KaS. A 3-way trap and possible migration pathways generate considerable risks.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Geological depositional environments"

1

Hadlari, T. Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program: activities in the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Islands. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326088.

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Анотація:
Advancements in the establishment of the geological framework of the Sverdrup Basin resulting from the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program can be grouped under the main topics of tectonostratigraphy, crosslinking of biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, integration of igneous records with newly refined stratigraphy, and effects of global climatic environments on hydrocarbon source rocks in geological time. New discoveries of volcanic ash beds throughout much of the Triassic stratigraphic section required new tectonic interpretations involving a magmatic arc northwest of the basin that was likely involved in the opening of the Amerasia Basin. Modern approaches to biostratigraphy calibrated by radiometric age dating of volcanic ash beds made global correlations to chronostratigraphic frameworks and tectonic models possible. Correlation of the stratigraphy and recent geochronology of the High Arctic large igneous province (HALIP) places the main pulse of mafic magmatism in a postrift setting. Finally, the depositional setting of source rocks in the Sverdrup Basin is explained in terms of oceanographic factors that are related to the global environment. All of these advancements, including hints of undefined and relatively young structural events, lead to the conclusion that the hydrocarbon potential of the Sverdrup Basin has not been fully tested by historical exploration drilling.
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2

Knight, R. D., and H. A. J. Russell. Quantifying the invisible: pXRF analyses of three boreholes, British Columbia and Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331176.

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Анотація:
Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) technology collects geochemical data at a fraction of the cost of traditional laboratory methods. Although the pXRF spectrometer provides concentrations for 41 elements, only a subset of these elements meet the criteria for definitive, quantitative, and qualitative data. However, high-quality pXRF data obtained by correct application of analytical protocols, can provide robust insight to stratigraphy and sediment characteristics that are often not observed by, for example, visual core logging, grain size analysis, and geophysical logging. We present examples of geochemical results obtained from pXRF analysis of drill core samples from three boreholes located in Canada, that demonstrate: 1) Definitive stratigraphic boundaries observed in geochemical changes obtained from 380 analyses collected over 150 m of core, which intersects three Ordovician sedimentary formations and Precambrian granite. These boundaries could not be reconciled by traditional visual core logging methods. 2) Significant elemental concentration changes observed in 120 samples collected in each of two ~120 m deep boreholes located in a confined paleo-glacial foreland basin. The collected geochemical data provide insight to sediment provenance and stratigraphic relationships that were previously unknown. 3) Abrupt changes in the geochemical signature in a subset of 135 samples collected from a 151 m deep borehole intersecting Quaternary glacial derived till, sands, and ahomogeneous silt and clay succession. These data provide a platform for discussion on ice sheet dynamics, changes in depositional setting, and changes in provenance. Results from each of these studies highlights previously unknown (invisible) geological information revealed through geochemical analyses. A significant benefit of using pXRF technology is refining sampling strategies in near real time and the ability to increase sample density at geochemical boundaries with little increase in analysis time or budget. The data also provide an opportunity to establish a chemostratigraphic framework that complements other stratigraphic correlation techniques, including geophysical methods. Overall, data collected with pXRF technology provide new insights into topics such as spatial correlations, facies changes, provenance changes, and depositional environment changes.
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3

Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.

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Анотація:
Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
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4

Kingston, A. W., and O. H. Ardakani. Diagenetic fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration in the Montney Formation, British Columbia: fluid inclusion and stable isotope evidence. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330947.

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Анотація:
The Montney Formation in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada is an early Triassic siltstone currently in an active diagenetic environment at depths greater than 1,000 m, but with maximum burial depths potentially exceeding 5,000 m (Ness, 2001). It has undergone multiple phases of burial and uplift and there is strong evidence for multiple generations of hydrocarbon maturation/migration. Understanding the origin and history of diagenetic fluids within these systems helps to unravel the chemical changes that have occurred since deposition. Many cores taken near the deformation front display abundant calcite-filled fractures including vertical or sub-vertical, bedding plane parallel (beefs), and brecciated horizons with complex mixtures of vertical and horizontal components. We analyzed vertical and brecciated horizons to assess the timing and origin of fluid flow and its implications for diagenetic history of the Montney Fm. Aqueous and petroleum bearing fluid inclusions were observed in both vertical and brecciated zones; however, they did not occur in the same fluid inclusion assemblages. Petroleum inclusions occur as secondary fluid inclusions (e.g. in healed fractures and along cleavage planes) alongside primary aqueous inclusions indicating petroleum inclusions post-date aqueous inclusions and suggest multiple phases of fluid flow is recorded within these fractures. Raman spectroscopy of aqueous inclusions also display no evidence of petroleum compounds supporting the absence or low abundance of petroleum fluids during the formation of aqueous fluid inclusions. Pressure-corrected trapping temperatures (>140°C) are likely associated with the period of maximum burial during the Laramide orogeny based on burial history modelling. Ice melt temperatures of aqueous fluid inclusions are consistent with 19% NaCl equiv. brine and eutectic temperatures (-51°C) indicate NaCl-CaCl2 composition. Combined use of aqueous and petroleum fluid inclusions in deeply buried sedimentary systems offers a promising tool for better understanding the diagenetic fluid history and helps constrain the pressure-temperature history important for characterizing economically important geologic formations.
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5

Crystal, Victoria, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Yucca House National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293617.

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Анотація:
Yucca House National Monument (YUHO) in southwestern Colorado protects unexcavated archeological structures that were constructed by the Ancestral Puebloan people between 1050 and 1300 CE. It was established by Woodrow Wilson by presidential proclamation in 1919 and named “Yucca House” by archeologist Jesse Fewkes as a reference to the names used for this area by the local Ute, Tewa Pueblo, and other Native groups. It was originally only 3.9 ha (9.6 ac) of land, but in 1990, an additional 9.7 ha (24 ac) of land was donated by Hallie Ismay, allowing for the protection of additional archeological resources. Another acquisition of new land is currently underway, which will allow for the protection of even more archeological sites. The archeological resources at YUHO remain unexcavated to preserve the integrity of the structures and provide opportunities for future generations of scientists. One of the factors that contributed to the Ancestral Puebloans settling in the area was the presence of natural springs. These springs likely provided enough water to sustain the population, and the Ancestral Puebloans built structures around one of the larger springs, Aztec Spring. Yet, geologic features and processes were shaping the area of southwest Colorado long before the Ancestral Puebloans constructed their dwellings. The geologic history of YUHO spans millions of years. The oldest geologic unit exposed in the monument is the Late Cretaceous Juana Lopez Member of the Mancos Shale. During the deposition of the Mancos Shale, southwestern Colorado was at the bottom of an inland seaway. Beginning about 100 million years ago, sea level rose and flooded the interior of North America, creating the Western Interior Seaway, which hosted a thriving marine ecosystem. The fossiliferous Juana Lopez Member preserves this marine environment, including the organisms that inhabited it. The Juana Lopez Member has yielded a variety of marine fossils, including clams, oysters, ammonites, and vertebrates from within YUHO and the surrounding area. There are four species of fossil bivalves (the group including clams and oysters) found within YUHO: Cameleolopha lugubris, Inoceramus dimidius, Inoceramus perplexus, and Pycnodonte sp. or Rhynchostreon sp. There are six species of ammonites in three genera found within YUHO: Baculites undulatus, Baculites yokoyamai, Prionocyclus novimexicanus, Prionocyclus wyomingensis, Scaphites warreni, and Scaphites whitfieldi. There is one unidentifiable vertebrate bone that has been found in YUHO. Fossils within YUHO were first noticed in 1875–1876 by W. H. Holmes, who observed fossils within the building stones of the Ancestral Puebloans’ structures. Nearly half of the building stones in the archeological structures at YUHO are fossiliferous slabs of the Juana Lopez Member. There are outcrops of the Juana Lopez 0.8 km (0.5 mi) to the west of the structures, and it is hypothesized that the Ancestral Puebloans collected the building stones from these or other nearby outcrops. Following the initial observation of fossils, very little paleontology work has been done in the monument. There has only been one study focused on the paleontology and geology of YUHO, which was prepared by paleontologist Mary Griffitts in 2001. As such, this paleontological resource inventory report serves to provide information to YUHO staff for use in formulating management activities and procedures associated with the paleontological resources. In 2021, a paleontological survey of YUHO was conducted to revisit previously known fossiliferous sites, document new fossil localities, and assess collections of YUHO fossils housed at the Mesa Verde National Park Visitor and Research Center. Notable discoveries made during this survey include: several fossils of Cameleolopha lugubris, which had not previously been found within YUHO; and a fossil of Pycnodonte sp. or Rhynchostreon sp. that was previously unknown from within YUHO.
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