Дисертації: "Geographical region"

1

Feir, Abdulmuhssin Al. "Geographical analysis of farming systems in semiarid lands: Taif region case study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184707.

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This dissertation presents a case study of agricultural land use patterns and marketing aspects in the Taif region of Saudi Arabia. This area is one of importance to the overall agricultural future of Saudi Arabia, being a major producer of fruits, vegetables and dates in the Kingdom. In recent years, increases in personal income associated with oil production in the Kingdom have created significant changes in the types of crops grown as well as the way of life of the small farmer. These changes include the following: (1) Because better paying jobs and an enhanced lifestyle are luring farmers to the large urban areas, fewer workers are available for labor on the farms. (2) Large government subsidies have created a situation where the small farmer finds it no longer profitable to grow cereal crops as he traditionally did. (3) A lack of adequate refrigerated trucks and an increase in salinity in groundwater has caused farmers near the market centers of Makkah and Jeddah to cut fruit trees and replant with vegetables that can withstand more saline water and can be transported to the nearby markets more easily than those framers living in the farther areas of the region. What the author concludes is that increased attention to the problems of the small farmer in the region is necessary so that food supplies will be maintained to feed a growing population and so that self-sufficiency can be achieved. Additional support by the government in the way of subsidies and loans and more programs to educate farmers in marketing techniques and improved farm methods and management must be developed. And finally, the farmers should work together, sharing information and resources for the common good of all small farmers in the region.

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2

Cropper, Thomas E. "Climate change across the Macaronesian geographical region, 1850-2100." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9244/.

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The Macaronesian geographical zone extends from 10-40°N, 325-355°E and primarily includes the island chains of the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cape Verde. This thesis presents a wide-ranging analysis of the physical climate and oceanography of the region back to 1850, in order to place recent climate change within a historical context. Subsequently, this thesis presents the most complete documentation of the physical climate of Macaronesia in the English language literature. One of the main outputs of this thesis is the creation of a long-term, monthly surface air temperature record for each island chain (from 1865 for the Azores and Madeira, 1885 for the Canary Islands and 1895 for Cape Verde). These temperature records exhibit generally coherent patterns of variability, and a post-1976 increase in temperature - most probably reflecting an anthropogenic climate signal - is the most ubiquitous, significant rise (or fall) in the record. Precipitation variability is also analysed, although only trends from Cape Verde are particularly significant, where a slight precipitation recovery - after the turn of the Twenty-first Century since drought conditions in the mid-late Twentieth Century - is apparent. Climatological extreme indices, based on calculations that assimilate daily temperature and precipitation data, were also analysed for the recent past (1979-2011) and point towards warmer conditions. An assessment of potential future changes in the mean state and extreme indices of climate across the islands by the end of the Twenty-first Century is provided. Warming magnitudes for the 2071-2100 period range between 0.8-3.0°C above the 1976-2005 mean temperature. Precipitation is expected to decrease across the Canary Islands and Madeira, whereas the Azores is expected to experience more extreme precipitation events and precipitation changes across Cape Verde are uncertain. In addition to the analysis of temperature and precipitation changes, a daily North Atlantic Oscillation index extending back to 1850 using historical sea-level pressure data from the Azores was constructed. The temporal length of this newly created index exceeds the length of any previously available long-running, daily-resolution series by a hundred years and should be of great value to researchers across multiple disciplines. The spatial and temporal variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation was analysed, finding an increase in post-2004 winter variability, alongside a post-1991 negative summer trend. A novel method to characterise the strength of the Trade Winds by using data from the Azores and Cape Verde was also developed. The newly-defined Trade Wind index has been steadily increasing since 1973. An additional analysis was a comprehensive overview and reconciliation of multiple data sources to answer the question of whether coastal upwelling has been increasing across the Canary Upwelling Ecosystem along the northwest African coastline. This analysis determined that the Bakun upwelling intensification hypothesis developed in 1990 appears to be realised in the summertime coastal upwelling indices. The North Atlantic Oscillation was discovered to be strongly related to upwelling magnitudes for all seasons except summer, in addition to exerting a strong control on temperatures and precipitation across the three northernmost Macaronesian island chains. The small-scale features affecting island climates and the large-scale modes of variability that influence the Macaronesian region are also discussed.

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3

Simpson, Peter. "Relationship Between Airline Category, Geographical Region, and Safety Performance." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5528.

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Passengers rank safety as a key factor in airline choice. Thus, safety performance impacts an airline's ability to attract customers. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship and difference between airline category low-cost carriers (LCCs) and full-service carriers (FSCs), geographical region, and safety performance measured by accident rates. The target population comprised all airlines in all countries that had an accident during the 14-year period 2004 to 2017. Data consisted of archival data of all global airline accidents and airline departure frequencies for the 14-year period. The theory of organizational accidents in complex sociotechnical systems explains the relationship between LCC and FSC safety performance, as well as between global geographical regions. The Swiss cheese model of organizational accidents theoretical framework remains a relevant model to examine airline accidents and improve airline safety. Data analysis consisted of the t test, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analysis. LCCs were found to be as safe as FSCs on a global level, and safer than FSCs in some regions. There were regional differences in safety, with North America being safer than Africa. The implications for positive social change include the potential for airline leaders to improve the safety image of their airline and provide passengers a better understanding of airline safety. Providing passengers with information on airline safety performance allows passengers to make informed choices on using different categories of airlines in different geographical regions. The research may result in new travel opportunities for travelers that were previously unrealized due to safety concerns, particularly around the increased use of LCCs.

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4

Becker, Joachim, and Andreas Novy. ""Territorial Regulation and the Vienna Region: a historical-geographical overview"." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1996. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6238/1/IIR_Disc_54.pdf.

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5

KhoshgoftarMonfared, Alireza. "Tactical HPC: Scheduling high performance computers in a geographical region." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54934.

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Mobile devices are often expected to perform computational tasks that may be beyond their processing or battery capability. Cloud computing techniques have been proposed as a means to offload a mobile device's computation to more powerful resources. In this thesis, we consider the case where powerful computing resources are made available by utilizing vehicles. These vehicles can be repositioned in real time to receive computational tasks from user-carried devices. They can be either equipped with rugged high-performance computers to provide both computation and communication service, or they can be simple message ferries that facilitate communication with a more powerful computing resource. These scenarios find application in challenged environments and may be used in a military or disaster relief settings. It is further enabled by increasing feasibility of (i) constructing a Mobile High Performance Computer (MHPC) using rugged computer hardware with form factors that can be deployed in vehicles and (ii) Message Ferries (MF) that provide communication service in disruption tolerant networks. By analogy to prior work on message ferries and data mules, one can refer to the use of our first schema, MHPCs, as computational ferrying. After illustrating and motivating the computational ferrying concept, we turn our attention into the challenges facing such a deployment. These include the well known challenges of operating an opportunistic and intermittently connected network using message ferries -- such as devising an efficient mobility plan for MHPCs and developing techniques for proximity awareness. In this thesis, first we propose an architecture for the system components to be deployed on the mobile devices and the MHPCs. We then focus on defining and solving the MHPC movement scheduling problem with sufficient generality to describe a number of plausible deployment scenarios. After thorough examination of the MHPC concepts, we propose a scheme in which MHPCs are downgraded to be simple MFs that instead provide communication to a stationary HPC with powerful computing resources. Similar to the MPHCs, we provide a framework for this problem and then describe heuristics to solve it. We conduct a number of experiments that provide an understanding of how the performance of the system using MHPCs or MFs is affected by various parameters. We also provide a thorough comparison of the system in the dimensions of Computation on the Move and Controlling the Mobility.

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6

Jenson, Crystal Wride. "The Geographical Landscape of Tabernacles in the Mormon Culture Region." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1992. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTGM,19177.

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7

Diem, Jeremy Everett 1972. "A geographical analysis of air pollution in the Tucson region." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289152.

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This dissertation presents a geographical analysis of air pollution in the Tucson region. Image processing, geographic information system (GIS), climatological, and statistical tools are used to develop and analyze air pollution-related databases. These databases are then used in conjunction with a limited number of spatial measurements of ozone concentrations to create accurate and theoretically sound ground-level ozone maps. High spatial resolution, gridded, multi-temporal, atmospheric emissions inventories (EIs) of ozone precursor chemical (i.e. volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ)) emissions are initially developed. GIS-driven "top-down" and "bottom-up" methods are employed to create anthropogenic VOC and NOx emissions inventories while satellite imagery and field surveys are employed to create biogenic VOC (BVOC) emissions inventories. Accounting for approximately 50% of the anthropogenic emissions, on-road vehicles are the dominant anthropogenic source. The forest and desert lands emit nearly all of the BVOCs within the entire Tucson region while exotic trees such as eucalyptus, pine, and palm emit most of the BVOCs within the City of Tucson. Relationships between VOC and NOₓ emissions, atmospheric conditions, and ambient ozone levels are determined by examining spatio-temporal variations in ozone levels, temporal variations in VOC and NOₓ emissions and atmospheric conditions, atmospheric conditions which are conducive to elevated ozone levels. In addition, the likelihood of ozone transport from Phoenix to Tucson is assessed. The highest ozone levels occur at "rural," downwind monitors, occur in August, and occur during the early afternoon hours. Atmospheric conditions conducive to elevated concentrations differ between the months while inter-city ozone transport is most likely to occur in June. Pooled, cross-sectional, times series, regression models are developed with the aid of cluster analysis and principal components analysis to spatially predict daily maximum 1-hr and 8-hr average ozone concentrations. Gridded, multi-temporal estimates of VOCs and NOₓ emissions are the primary predictor variables in the regression models. The pooled models are reasonably accurate with overall R² values from 0.90 to 0.92, 6 to 7% error, and predicted concentrations that are typically within 0.003 to 0.004 ppm of the observed concentrations. The predicted highest ozone concentrations occur in a monitorless area on the eastern edge of the City of Tucson.

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8

Rattle, Jessica Mary. "Neoliberalisation of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park as a tourist region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13745.

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Proponents of transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) make a number of claims in favour of this relatively new conservation strategy, one of which is that it leads to an increase in tourism. Despite the growing body of literature on the subject of TFCAs, very little research has been conducted on whether or not this assumption is true. This study therefore draws on and situates itself within this literature on TFCAs and the neoliberalisation of nature and seeks to test this claim through the use of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP) as a case study. This is achieved firstly by assessing the changes in tourism development that have taken place both within the Park and in the area surrounding it as a result of the KTP's formation, and secondly by comparing the KTP's tourist levels prior to becoming a TFCA with those from after the TFCA was established, in order to determine what trends and changes have taken place as a result of this development. In doing so, this paper challenges the claim that TFCAs automatically lead to an increase in tourism and tourist development by showing that the link between the two is tenuous at best. It also broadens the scope of enquiry on the subject of TFCAs by analysing the relationship between TFCAs and the small scale, nature-based economic activities that take place around them, a matter which is largely ignored in the literature and, in doing so, critiques the assumption that all nature-based economic activities are part of a wider neoliberal agenda.

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9

Phaladi, Raesetje Florina. "An analysis of rainy season characteristics over the Limpopo region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4793.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-126).
This thesis investigates characteristics of the summer rainy season over the Limpopo region that are important to the agricultural sector and other user groups. The Limpopo region supports a large rural population dependent on rain-fed agriculture as well as significant biodiversity, particularly in the Kruger National/Limpopo Transfrontier Park and is vulnerable to severe flood and drought events. REcently, the region has been impacted by severe drought (2002-2004) and flooding in late summer 2000. The rainy season characterisitcs investigated are the frequency of wet and dry spells during the rainy season and the onset date of the season.

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10

McCallum, Alison Nicola. "An environmental impact assessment of urbanisation in the Erongo Region, Namibia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16101.

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Bibliography: pages 97-102.
The assessment conducted in this dissertation was shaped by the intended formulation of an Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan (ICZMP), as proposed by the Danish Co-operation for Environment and Development. An ICZMP provides an integrated and holistic approach to planning, in which the various activities and resource demands that occur within the coastal belt and neighbouring regions are appropriately coordinated. The first phase of the formulation of this management plan entailed the compilation of a baseline report summarising the present state of the environment in the study area, with particular emphasis on the major issues which will require attention in an ICZMP. This study was undertaken by Masters students from the Department of Environmental and Geographical Science at the University of Cape Town. The study area is located within the coastal belt of Namibia's Erongo Region, and more specifically within the magisterial districts of Swakopmund and Walvis Bay (Map 3). This includes the National West Coast Tourist Recreation Area and a portion of the Namib Naukluft Park. The southern boundary extends to the Sandwich Harbour, while the northern boundary extends to the southern bank of the Ugab River. The eastern perimeter is that of the Swakopmund magisterial district, and includes the municipal areas of Walvis Bay, Henties Bay and Arandis, together with Rossing Mine and its immediate environment. The seaward boundary is defined by the three nautical mile limit from shore. The Baseline Report: Coastal Zone Management Plan for the Erongo Region, Namibia was submitted to DANCED in March 1996. The findings of the investigation, as recorded in the report, highlight a number of issues which require urgent attention in the ICZMP. One such issue concerns the rapid influx of migrants to the urban centres in the study area. Population is a determining factor which significantly influences the functioning of other key sectors within a given location. As such, an understanding of the ramifications of increased population numbers is imperative to the formulation of an ICZMP. The objective of this dissertation was, therefore, to identify the factors generating rapid migration to the study area, and to facilitate an assessment of the impacts of this phenomenon. Once identified and assessed, these impacts can be better managed within a holistic, integrated framework.

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11

Earnshaw, Christine. "Obstetrical care in the Baffin Region, NWT : geographical, medical and cultural perspectives." Waterloo, Ontario : Wilfrid Laurier University, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/wlu/fullcit?pMM16579.

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Thesis (M.A.)-Wilfrid Laurier University, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (l.104-111). Issued also online via the World Wide Web; files in PDF format available to WLU users. Available in microfiche format.

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12

Kariithi, Jacqueline Nduta. "Developing responsible nature-based tourism in the Mount Elgon region of Kenya: integrated approaches." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23024.

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Tourism development theory and practical implementation has evolved over time. In an attempt to find approaches that can minimise the negative impacts of tourism, research has been emphasising efforts to reduce the tensions created by the interaction between the tourism industry, tourists, the environment and host communities. Furthermore, the sustainability debate has framed these discussions on meeting the triple bottom line in adherence to the goals of sustainable development. Much of this research draws on constructivist and realist theories that advocate for tourism as a tool for development. Though this study appreciates the various methodologies recommended for sustainable tourism development, such methodologies lack a holistic approach that can concurrently address a destination's economic, environmental and socio-cultural challenges. This research therefore focuses on integrating approaches to the tourism development process and the implications of such an approach for the triple bottom line. The Mount Elgon region of Kenya comprise two protected areas and one national park, and serves as a case study to better understand the application of an integrated approach. The research is informed by conceptual insights into sustainable tourism that underpin planning. Planning is central to outlining methodologies that can foster tourism in underdeveloped regions. The conceptual framework used in this study proposes the application of three approaches, namely ecosystem management, multistakeholder engagement and geospatial analysis of the tourism resource base. Each of these approaches is aligned to a key positive output of tourism development in protected areas. These outputs, as identified in literature, are biodiversity conservation, socio-cultural enhancement and economic growth. They are central to understanding the significance of the three pillars of sustainability. The research utilised a mixed-method approach that included qualitative analysis by means of policy document review, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, participant observation and participatory rural appraisals. These different data sources were employed to develop an integrative framework for tourism development in the protected areas within the Mount Elgon region. Content analysis was used to study the open-ended data, all the while considering the economic, environmental, and socio-cultural dimensions. The analysis of these three dimensions in relation to the study area revealed many of the challenges that stakeholders in tourism development in the Mount Elgon region face. By exploring these methodological avenues, the research identifies the linkages and overlaps that can be united in an integrative framework. Initial outputs consist of an analysis of the implications of creating integrated approaches and synergising it into an integrative framework for the purpose of developing tourism in protected areas. The findings indicate that integrated approaches can be applied to understand the roles of the primary stakeholders in building or enhancing tourist destinations, local participation, environmental preservation and conservation and market sustainability of tourism enterprise development. The intention is to create a mechanism that will go beyond providing recommendations for Mount Elgon region stakeholders to embrace responsible nature-based tourism, and that allows researchers to adopt this methodology in similar environments and destinations.

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13

Stamelman, Adin. "Contested conservation : past and present conservation praxis in the Great Lakes region of Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8118.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Describing the history of Semuliki National Park from the late 19th century till the presentday, this study elucidates the origins of conservation in the Great Lakes Region of Africa.Using post-colonial and border studies as a theoretical framework, and using a combination of archival and qualitative data, the study questions how and why conservation praxis and policy has changed since the colonial era. The research presented here reveals that the conservation status of Semuliki Forest, as a forest estate on the Uganda - Congo border (and originally administered by the Uganda Forest Department) arose primarily because of geographical and logistical impediments that hindered commercial exploitation, and secondly in recognition of the unique ecological phenomena that occur within the protected area. However, over time, the physical boundaries of the forest were successfully contested by local inhabitants to accommodate population growth and increased agricultural production. The study reveals the flexible nature of the borders of Semuliki National Park (both national and international) and describes how these borders were constructed and subsequently challenged. It also reveals the enduring legacy of colonial border-making in that current conservationstratagems in the region (exemplified by Transboundary Natural Resource Management) aim to find ways of addressing conservation imperatives at locations such as Semuliki where important ecological areas are naturally contiguous but divided by international borders.

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14

David, Robert G. "A region of beauty and delight : British imagination and the Arctic 1818-1914." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242817.

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15

Mafune, Itani. "Common property regimes and land reform in Namibia : a case study of Skoonheid, Omaheke region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13888.

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Bibliography: leaves 84-90.
This dissertation is concerned with the question of local resource use. It explores this question and more specifically common property resource management regimes using Skoonheid Resettlement Project in the Omaheke Region in Namibia as a case study. This study was born out of a Retrospective Assessment of the Environmental Implications of Resettlement in Namibia, commissioned by the Namibian Programme to Combat Desertification (NAPCOD) through the Namibian Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET).

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16

Du, Preez D. "Conservation priorities and management recommendations for the Erongo Region Coastal Zone, Namibia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17943.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The most intensively used part of the Namib Coastline, the area between Walvis Bay and the Ugab river, contains some of the most important and most sensitive natural habitats. Apart from their ecological value, these habitats also attract large numbers of tourists. Tourism is one of the main sources of income in the coastal area of the Erongo Region, therefore it is in the interest of Namibians that these habitats are utilised in a sustainable way. The Department of Resource Conservation of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism is responsible for managing the West Coast Tourist Recreation Area as well as the wildlife in all of Namibia. Conservation managers from this Department have identified sites in the study area that are important for maintaining healthy populations of rare, threatened or endemic species or species of international and regional importance. These sites must be managed in such a way that their conservation and tourism value is not detrimentally reduced. In order to assist conservation managers with the allocation of resources, the sites that were identified are divided into three priority groups, namely imperative, urgent and desirable. The evaluation for priority rating was done according to the criteria of conservation value, tourism value and threats. Sites were compared using pair-wise comparison, and groupings were obtained through cluster analysis. The sites that were identified, their main reason for conservation, most important threats and management recommendations are listed below according to the priority groupings. Management recommendations are only done for the two highest groupings, namely the imperative and important sites.

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17

Al-Rakeiba, Abdullah S. "Movement and transport of pilgrims in the Hajj Region, Saudi Arabia : a geographical study." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1426/.

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18

Ayorekire, Jim. "Planning for sustainable tourism development in the Lake Victoria shore region of Uganda : a physical environment planning approach." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4826.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 209-224).
This study examined whether sustainable tourism development could be achieved in the Lake Victoria shore region of southern Uganda, based on the physical environment indicators of sustainable tourism. This arose out of the observation that tourism in this region was developing in an unplanned manner which was likely to be environmentally destructive. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional descriptive survey involving an analytical research design. Its objectives include: to identify the spatial and temporal characteristics of the tourism sites; to assess their performance relative to the physical environment indicators of sustainable tourism; to examine the factors explaining the performance of the sites; and to develop a planning approach that will help attain sustainable tourism development. Data were collected using survey, non-survey and geo-spatial methods. The survey methods included interviews and questionnaires, which were administered to planning and environment officials, local residents and visitors selected using various sample methods. Documentary analysis, field observation, remote sensing and experimentation were among the nonsurvey and geo-spatial methods used. Data were analysed using qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques, which included documentary analysis, statistical techniques involving, chi square, data reduction, ANOVA, and correlation and regression analysis. Results indicate that lakeshore tourism sites are increasing in both number and size, which is gradually resulting in a clustered spatial patterning, especially in urban areas. Sites are receiving an increasing number of visitors, mainly nationals and day visitors. Apart from conservation areas, the contribution of the sites to nature conservation is concluded to be minimal and their management of solid and sewage waste, water quality and use intensity generally poor. Moreover, tourism planning and development control was found to either be limited or lacking, a situation that has resulted in unregulated tourism development. This poses a significant threat, not only to the fragile physical environment of the lakeshore region, but also to the future of lakeshore tourism itself. Analysis of the results show that there are significant relationships between spatial distribution of sites, their characteristics, site performance and factors explaining the performance and planning for sustainable tourism development in the region. Further analysis indicates that each of these variables may significantly predict planning, especially at site and local government level. Accordingly, a linear regression model-based planning approach is developed. This study explains how the model, when rooted in incremental planning theory, can be applied in order to plan for sustainable tourism in the lakeshore region. It highlights the variables and the sequence in which tourism planning efforts can be applied. The study concludes that, although this planning approach may not provide a panacea to the achievement of sustainable tourism development in the lakeshore region, it represents a valuable contribution towards the understanding of sustainable tourism planning. With the identification of critical tourism planning intervention points, the Lake Victoria shore region may be able to develop into a major tourism destination that is environmentally sustainable.

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19

Mulock-Houwer, Anne. "Late quaternary environmental reconstruction and climate modelling in the winter rainfall region of the Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6069.

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Bibliography: leaves 124-144.
The southwestern Cape of South Africa is a floristically diverse region experiencing winter rainfall, and is important as it represents a significant southern hemisphere example of a Mediterranean climate regime. Acquiring palaeoenvironmental data from this region is imperative in understanding the climatic changes that have occurred during the Late Quaternary, with a view to improved palaeclimatic modelling. The spatial distribution of studies for the Late Quternary in the southwestern Cape is uneven and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions have been largely restricted to sites, which are easilty accessible, and appropriate only for the methods being used (e.g. palynology for wetlands). Moreover, many of the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions implemented thus far fall outside the winter rainfall region sensu stricto. Hence spatial differentiation in climatic response may have remained obscured due to the 'selection' of sites used.

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20

Blair, Iona. "In the wake of diamond mining : a critical assessment of environmental governance and corporate social responsibility in the Namaqualand coastal region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10100.

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This study assesses the social and environmental legacy that is currently being left in the wake of diamond mining along the north west coast of South Africa as a result of almost century of diamond mining. This involves an inquiry into the political, economic and ideological forces that enabled the establishment of the extractive industry, and a critical assessment of the role the industry has come to play in the region.

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21

Ayhan, Saglam. "Developing A Geographical Information System For The Gallipoli Campaign." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606263/index.pdf.

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Geographical Information System (GIS) is a very powerful technique which is used in solving different problems in various fields dealing with spatial information. It can also be used for analyzing wars and campaign. Today&
#8217
s modern armies use GIS effectively for different purposes such as determining strategic points and planning attack and defense. GIS can also be used for past wars, and historical GIS includes these kinds of applications. In this study, GIS have been used for analyzing Gallipoli Campaign in the First World War. This campaign started in February on 1915 and Allied troops left the Gallipoli Peninsula on 9th January 1916. Gallipoli Campaign have very important role in Turkish and World history. This study includes two different parts about Gallipoli Campaign. In the first part, selected battles of the campaign are analyzed with different GIS functions. Selected battles are Naval, Ariburnu, Conkbayiri, and 2nd Kirte Battles, and they are selected based on the availability of graphic and attribute data. In the second part, relationship between martyrs and locations are studied. Distributions of the number of soldiers for different criteria, such as province, district, soldier rank, death location and age are shown on maps and pie charts.

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22

Kloppers, Pierre-Louis. "Investigating the relationships between wheat-specific rainfall characteristics, large-scale modes of climate variability and wheat yields in the Swartland region, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13214.

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Анотація:

Includes bibliographical references.
Wheat producers in the South Western Cape (SWC) of South Africa need to cope with biophysical and socio-economic systems exposing farmers to a multidimensional decision- making environment. The rain fed wheat production in the Swartland region is highly susceptible to the interannual variability of winter rainfall. Producers, therefore, need relevant climatic information to identify ways to improve profitability and to make sound economic decisions. Seasonal forecasting has the potential to provide wheat producers with invaluable information regarding the climatic conditions. However, due to the complex nature of the atmospheric dynamics associated with winter rainfall in South Africa, seasonal forecasting models have been found to have very little skill in predicting the variability of winter rainfall. Such a shortfall has created a gap for which this study has attempted to bridge. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between wheat-specific rainfall characteristics, large-scale modes of climate variability and wheat yields in the Swartland region to assess whether these relationships could provide useful climatic information to the wheat farmers. Six wheat-specific rainfall characteristics (total rainfall ; number of wet days ; number of ‘good’ rainfall events; number of heavy rainfall events; percentage ‘good’ rainfall ; and the number of dry dekads ) on various time scales (winter; seasonal; monthly and dekadal) were correlated against wheat yield records over a 17 year period from 1994 to 2010. From this analysis, the distribution and timing of the rainfall throughout the wheat growing season (April to September) emerged as an important determinant of wheat yield. An accurate statistical wheat prediction model was created using farmer stipulated rainfall- wheat yield thresholds. Three teleconnections (El Niño-Southern Oscillation [ENSO], Antarctic Oscillation [AAO] and South Atlantic sea surface temperatures [SSTs]) represented by eight climate indices (Nino 3.4 Index, Ocean Nino Index [ONI], Southern Oscillation Index [SOI], AAO index, Southern Annular Mode Index [SAM], South Atlantic Dipole Index [SADI], South Western Atlantic SST Index [SWAI] and South Central Atlantic SST Index [SCAI]), were correlated against wheat yield data over a 17 year period from 1994 to 2010. The relationships between the three teleconnections and wheat yield in the Swartland were established. Teleconnection-wheat yield correlations were found to be limited, with regards to the application of this information to farmers, due to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of how the three teleconnections influence the local climate and, therefore, the wheat yield in the Swartland. The eight climate indices, representing the three teleconnections, were correlated against the six wheat-specific rainfall characteristic indices from each of the three study areas over the period from 1980 to 2012. The state of ENSO during the first half of the year was shown to be correlated with rainfall characteristics during both the first (April to July) and second (July to September) halves of the wheat growing season; however, these correlations differ ed in their sign. Correlations suggested a negative phase of AAO was associated with above normal rainfall throughout the year across the Swartland region. Sea surface temperatures in the central South Atlantic during March to October showed significant negative correlations with rainfall during the latter half of the wheat growing season (July to October) across the Swartland region. This study presented evidence supporting the plausibility and validity for the use of the state of large-scale modes of variability in the prediction of wheat-specific rainfall characteristics and aggregated yields in the Swartland region. This has the potential to provide useful information to wheat farmers in the Swartland to aid in their decision making process

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23

Lavelle, Jessica-Jane. "Digging deeper for benefits: rural local governance and the livelihood and sustainability outcomes of devils claw (Harpagophytum spp.) harvesting in the Zambezi Region, Namibia." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31696.

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Natural resource governance in Africa is characterised by increased commercialisation of natural resources, the promotion of community-based natural resource management, and a re-appropriation of traditional authorities and customary law as evidenced by their inclusion in statutory frameworks. Yet, knowledge of the interaction and effect of these multiple governance arrangements on local communities is limited. Using the lens of devil’s claw (Harpagophytum spp.), a commercial non-timber forest product, this research examines the interface between statutory, traditional and comanagement governance systems; the broader historical and political-economic contexts that shape governance systems; livelihood and sustainability outcomes at the local level; and the role of power in determining environmental, social and economic outcomes. The research adopted a case study method with three study sites selected in the Zambezi Region, Namibia – Balyerwa Conservancy, Lubuta Community Forest and Sachinga. All rural communal areas, selection was based on their distinct governance arrangements, including a range of traditional and co-management institutions, development interventions and statutory regulation. Qualitative methods were used and included questionnaires, focus group discussions, interviews, participant observation and documentary evidence. An institutional mode of analysis and a political ecology approach were applied. Theoretical perspectives to inform the research were drawn from discourses on governance, institutions, political ecology, power and access. The novelty in using a political ecology approach to develop adaptive governance theory was to move beyond understandings of the conscious mechanisms of institutions embodied in their structure, to a more nuanced understanding of socially-embedded institutions and the unconscious mechanisms that also determine social and environmental outcomes. The empirical knowledge gained from this research shows that both structural and socially-embedded institutional constraints are hindering the objectives of non-timber forest product governance. The results of this research affirm that governance is hybridising and that dichotomised descriptions of governance as customary or statutory, self-organising or hierarchical, do not capture the complexity of these evolving fusions of governance at the local level. Where a multiplicity of institutions existed at the local level, the role of the State was diminished and where co-management was in place, communities benefited from non-governmental organisation support which enabled greater benefits for harvesters and more sustainable practices. However, power was not restructured under such arrangements and differentials in access, knowledge, decision-making and benefits remained. Where co-management was not in place, harvesters were not supported in their harvesting activities and were most vulnerable to exploitation by traditional leaders and buyers. This exacerbated competition over the resource and unsustainable harvesting was more prevalent. Devil’s claw was used as a traditional medicine by some members of these communities but did not hold significant socio-cultural value. Customary systems of management for devil’s claw were therefore weak or absent and oversight of the resource was perceived to be the jurisdiction of the State. Statutory regulation of devil’s claw was however found to be ineffective; when in place, the State perceived the co-management institutions to be responsible for monitoring and evaluation. The implementation of quotas, traceability and better pricing from exporters exerted a greater influence than regulation in promoting sustainability. In the absence of non-governmental support and exporters adhering to quotas, unsustainable harvesting prevailed. A central finding is that alteration, the bending or breaking of rules by local communities, is a strategy to cope with economic precariousness that is inflicted by broader political-economic conditions. This affirms the need for an alternative economic logic to be examined that incorporates non-timber forest products into diverse agroforestry production systems that stimulate markets within rather than external to localities and draws on existing cultural practices and preferences to shape landscapes and economies in more holistic, equitable ways. The research concludes that benefits for harvesters and the sustainability of devil’s claw are currently hindered by institutional complexity, overlapping mandates, insufficient value of the resource at the local level and a failure to instil harvester autonomy. To address these structural and sociallyembedded institutional constraints severalrecommendations are made. First, to shift co-management from decentralisation to bottom-up democratisation by devolving authority, not just responsibility, to the resource users themselves. By enabling the freedom to experiment, socially-embedded institutional constraints such as dominant narratives of ‘traditional’ and ‘uneducated’ that perpetuate unproductivity and disincentivise learning can be reframed. Second, to remove unnecessary and inefficient bureaucratic layers through re-evaluating the social scale at which natural resource management would work best and scale-up in responsibility as required to match ecological and functional scale. This would diffuse the decision-making power of the traditional authorities and the ineffectiveness of the State in communal areas whilst maintaining a role for these institutions. Lastly, to enhance market transparency to promote the mutually beneficial and regulating role between harvesters and exporters, and to emphasise the commercialisation of non-timber forest products with socio-cultural value, robust customary systems of management and local markets. The objective is not to eliminate statutory governance in favour of customary governance, nor to denounce traditional authorities in favour of co-management institutions, but to democratise power in brokering new invited spaces of modern rural governance. This study contributes to governance theory by conceptualising a framework that addresses the structural and socially-embedded institutional constraints hindering adaptive governance of NTFPs and which offers an operational solution to balance power in a bottom-up process of democratisation where legal pluralism is prevalent.

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24

Naidoo, Laven. "Using an airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR integrated sensor approach to spectrally discriminate and map savanna bush encroaching species in the Greater Kruger National Park region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10946.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-113).
Bush encroachment is an environmental phenomenon which affects arid and semi-arid savanna rangelands across the world. Bush encroachment has numerous negative and positive impacts on these savanna ecosystems depending on the land use practices and associated rangeland management regimes.

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25

Ter, Morshuizen Leslie David. "Distribution patterns of fishes in the head region of a turbid Eastern Cape estuary." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005105.

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Two and a half years of data were collected from the Great Fish River and estuary using seine nets and gill nets to determine the fish species composition within these regions. The head region of the Great Fish River estuary was found to have a rich fish fauna, with the euryhaline marine fish component totally dominating the catch in all three regions. Gilchristella aesiuaria was the single most common species and several euryhaline marine species were captured in freshwater for the first time. Physical parameters were also measured in an effort to ascertain the possible factors which may affect the distribution and length frequency of the most common species within this area. Salinity was found to be the single most important factor affecting the species composition, and the sampling area was consequently divided into three regions, viz. river (< I ‰), head (1-4 ‰) and estuary (> 4 ‰). In addition, it was determined that river flow rate during the month prior to sampling also had a profound effect on species composition in all three regions. Based on the available evidence it is suggested that for most species this is related to conductivity levels rather than flow per se.

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26

Vong, Tze-ngai, and 黃子毅. "Casino boom in Macau: exploring casino liberalization's impact on Macau residents' sense of place and theirsatisfaction and support for casino development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49858798.

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Since casino liberalization, Macau has been undergoing metaphoric changes that are fundamental, rapid, and far-reaching. This poses a challenge to Macau people to cope with life changing circumstances to the extent of rediscovering their hometown which have changed profoundly as evident by the city‘s ever-changing skyline. Having said so, this study aims to explore the effects of large-scale casino development on Macau residents‘ sense of place, and how their changing sense of place determines their support for casino development. To achieve this study purpose, three interrelated research objectives are laid down for the study. They are (1) to assess the impact of casino liberalization on Macau society, (2) to describe Macau residents’ sense of place amid the casino boom, and (3) to delineate the structural relationship between casino impact, sense of place, place satisfaction, and support for casino development. By using a purely quantitative approach based on a comprehensive resident survey, the study identified both positive and negative casino impact factors as affecting Macau people economically, socially, and environmentally. More importantly, these casino impact factors were also found to exhibit significant predictive power in explaining respondents‘ sense of place intensity, therefore empirically validating a posited relationship between the impact of casino development and inhabitants’ sense of place. The study also found that respondents’ sense of place carried obvious connotations of modernity and exquisiteness because respondents were using everyday vocabularies such as ‘rich’, ‘lively’, ‘developed’, and ‘unique’ to express their perceptions of the new Macau. This brief glossary of words, which characterizes successful urban development, was also found to associate strongly with their sense of place assessments. Finally, the study validated an integrated conceptual model within which the sense of place construct assumes a decisive role in affecting place satisfaction and support for casino development. The contribution of this study lies in the fact it has brought to our attention residents’ sense of place as an important determinant for the success of any large-scale tourism project such as casino development. This study has also provided a new breath to the traditional casino impact studies by taking a new look at an old problem through a cross-disciplinary perspective.
published_or_final_version
Geography
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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27

Lotter, Johanna Magdalena. "Potential implications of climate change for Rooibos (A. linearis) production and distribution in the greater Cederberg region, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15585.

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Includes bibliographical references
Wild plants assist in supporting human livelihoods worldwide, both within traditional systems of medicine, and as economically useful plants. Indigenous to the Fynbos biome in the north-western part of the Western Cape, South Africa is the leguminous shrub, A. linearis (rooibos), which is extensively used as ethnomedicine by local communities, while also commercially grown and exported for the herbal tea market. Being a range-restricted species, climate change poses a threat to wild plants and their dependent communities, as well as the sustainability of the rooibos industry. Climate mediated impacts on rooibos are mostly substantiated by anecdotal evidence from commercial growers and local communities and have traditionally been insufficiently addressed. This study integrates predictive modelling and empirical data to provide important insights into rooibos' plant physiological functioning in the presence of climatic and environmental constraints. The aim is to determine whether there is evidence of climate change over the rooibos distribution area, how these climate anomalies are expected to affect the species distribution and to perform experimental studies by testing plant physiological functioning of A. linearis under changing climate conditions. Analysis of climate parameters important for rooibos production (rainfall frequency and intensity, temperature extremes and wind speed) have shown that plants will experience a shorter period of water availability during winter, and prolonged exposure to summer conditions (high temperatures and water stress) in the coming decades. Under these conditions, climate envelope modelling suggests that wild and cultivated rooibos types are at risk to lose between 49.8% and 88.7% in the extent of the bio-climatically suitable localities, most notably along the western and northern periphery of the rooibos production area by 2070. Plant physiological responses (growth analysis, gas exchange parameters and leaf carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios) to the assessed climate anomalies were measured in experimental studies at glasshouse and field scale. Specific adaptation mechanisms (increasing water use efficiency, developing a higher level of sclerophylly and altering the allocation of plant reserves) which helped seedlings to survive short term drought in the glasshouse were not able to offset more severe conditions in field settings. Finally, a comparison of wild and cultivated tea has shown an apparent adaptive advantage of wild tea to tolerate increased aridity with greater water economy, and more reliance on biological nitrogen fixation for N nutrition, indicating a potentially less severe scenario of range contraction for wild types than initially indicated. This study provides a more robust prediction of rooibos plant responses to climate change factors to enable more effective adaptive planning and conservation management in a changing climate.

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28

Dabros, Anna. "Distribution patterns of sedges in subarctic fens : ecological and phylogenetic perspectives." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81323.

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The objective of this study is to assess current distributional patterns of species within a community, while taking into account species' evolutionary histories, as reflected in their phylogenetic relationships. The hypothesis is that closely related species segregate along environmental gradients, either due to historic evolutionary divergence of their niches, or to ecological processes presently occurring within a community. Distribution along environmental gradients was compared to phylogenetic structure of the 27 sedge species (Cyperaceae) growing in the subarctic fen communities of Schefferville, northern Quebec. Field data suggest that within these fens, sedges mostly differentiate along gradients of rooting depth and pH. Species growing in similar (micro)habitats often belong to different taxonomic sedge clades, and species belonging to the same clade usually differentiate on at least one environmental gradient. Further comparison of natural distribution to responses under greenhouse experimental conditions for four selected Carex species suggests that the two relatives in section Limosae differ in their tolerance ranges to environmental conditions due to past evolutionary events, while the two members of section Paniceae differentiate along environmental gradients in nature due to ongoing ecological processes.

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29

Moeller, Michelle-Louise. "Factors affecting lion (Panthera Leo) spatial occurrence in the Zambezi region, Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95930.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Lion populations globally are on the decrease and their habitats are fragmenting. Despite their importance in the Zambezi Region in Namibia, very little research has yet been undertaken to understand their occurrence in this area. One of the primary motivations behind this study was the Kavango Zambezi Trans Frontier Conservation Area’s (KAZA TFCA) need to identify trans-boundary movement of carnivores. The collaborative approach with the Ministry of Environment and Tourism in Namibia facilitated the collaring of lions in three National Parks. A number of species were collared and this study focuses on the occurrence of lions in the Zambezi Region. From the lion home range analysis we could see that the home-range sizes of the collared lions varied greatly across the study area. The difference in home range size is largely due to human pressure surrounding the protected areas. Geographically weighted regression assisted in understanding which were the main drivers of lion occurrence, but further investigation was needed using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model for presence-only data. The factors that were investigated as possibly affecting the occurrence of lions included the following: rivers, land cover, land use, elevation and human activity. After pursuing various research models and manipulating data among all these factors, no single factor or combination of factors was found to be reliable predictors on lion occurrence in the study area. As is discussed in recommendations for further research in Chapter 6, it became clear that quantitative data cannot be used in isolation to predict where lions may occur.
AFRIKKANSE OPSOMMING: Leeu-bevolkings is wêreldwyd aan die afneem en hulle habitatte fragmenteer al hoe meer. Ten spyte van hulle intrinsieke belang vir die Zambezi streek in Namibië is daar ‘n gebrek aan navorsing om die voorkome van leeus in hierdie streek te verstaan. ‘n Belangrike motivering vir hierdie studie was die vereiste van die “Kavango Zambezi Trans Frontier Conservation Area” (KAZA TFCA) om grensoorstekende bewegings te verstaan, in onder andere karnivore. In samewerking met KAZA TFCA is GPS-halsbande aangebring aan leeus in drie wildsparke, asook aan individue van ander spesies; hierdie studie fokus spesifiek op leeus in die Zambezi streek. Analise van die leeus se loopgebied toon breë variasies oor die studiegebied, vir die individue met halsbande, hoofsaaklik te wyte aan menslike druk vanuit omliggende nedersettings. Hierdie studie gebruik geografies geweegde regressie om die belangrikste faktore in die teenwoordigheid van leeus te verstaan, terwyl Maximale Entropie modelle (MaxEnt) vir slegs teenwoordigheid data in verdere ondersoeke ingespan is. Die volgende faktore is ondersoek ten opsigte van hulle moontlike bydrae tot die voorkome van leeus: riviere, land bedek, grondgebruik, hoogte en menslike aktiwiteite. Verskeie statistiese navorsingsmodelle is ondersoek, met inagneming van data vir al die faktore, maar geen betroubare aanwyser of aanwysers vir leeu-teenwoordigheid is gevind nie. Dit is duidelik dat bloot kwantitatiewe data ontoereikend is om leeuteenwoordigheid te voorspel, soos uiteengesit in hoofstuk 6.

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30

Cóllar, Tlecuitl Lidia. "Market Data Update by Geographical Region and Saint-Gobain Glass Positioning for the Industrial Segments: Home Appliances and Commercial Refrigeration." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2013. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lni/collar_t_l/.

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As one of the oldest French firms, the Saint-Gobain Group has been widely well known for glass manufacturing before it started its distribution and packaging activities. Among its four different sectors, the Innovative Materials division comprises the flat glass industry and hence, Saint-Gobain Glass, one of its companies specialized in the manufacture of glass products. The project presented in this document aims to describe my internship experience in Saint-Gobain Glass as well as the development of the mission I was assigned: To collect and update all the market data by geographic region concerning the commercial refrigeration and home appliances segments. This last one approaches particularly the domestic refrigerators and ovens. Therefore, this document first gives a general overview of the group and the company Saint-Gobain Glass. Then, it gives an introduction to the problem that arose in the company and the succeeding need of performing this study in order to understand better the environment conditions and acquire a larger market share in those segments together with a literature review that encompasses the activities developed: market research and the selection of foreign markets. Once these concepts have been defined, the planning of the assignment and the sources of information used will be detailed. Like this, the document arrives to the conclusion of the project and consequently, the completion of my internship in SGG. Based on the results shown and on my point of view several recommendations are given regarding some next marketing actions as well as a selection of countries that according to the findings described provide better opportunities for SGG´s success in the appliances segments.

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31

Tuladhar, Dinesh. "Factors influencing river discharge variability in the Himalayan mountain region: a case study of two catchments with contrasting geographical settings." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89144.

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This study examined variabilities in precipitation, temperature, river discharge and land use/land cover in two of the Ganges sub-catchments in the Himalayan mountains region of Nepal using historical data between 1970 and 2017. Urban land increased substantially in Bagmati catchment while snow/glacier cover decreased in the Marsyangdi catchment. Precipitation showed decreasing trend while minimum and maximum temperatures as well as diurnal temperature range were increasing. Consequently, river discharge in Bagmati catchment was decreasing but was increasing in Marsyangdi basin.

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32

Guimarãis, Vitor António Rodrigues. "Efeito da alteração das Denominações de Origem vitivinícolas na preferência dos consumidores: o caso do Ribatejo/Tejo." Master's thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3360.

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Mestrado em Viticultura e Enologia - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The purpose of this study was to understand how the change of an Official Designation influences wine consumers‟ buying attitude, i.e., have consumers noticed the recent change from “Ribatejo” to “Tejo” and in what way does it affect their wine buying decision. In light of this change it was also studied how the supplied information modifies consumers‟ behavior. Wine is a product characterized by various attributes (brand, price, grape variety, etc.) being the Region of Origin amongst the main ones relatively to the buying decision because it‟s a source of information to the consumer in regard of the product‟s quality. A test took place at a wine store in which the sales were registered and analyzed in order to obtain the necessary conclusions. It was concluded that the change of the Official Designation was accompanied with the lowering of prices. Consumers also preferred the Geographical Indication “Ribatejo” relatively to “Tejo” although the increasing supplied information level attenuated these preferences though without statistical significance because of the price effect that became bigger than all the other factors.

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33

De, Beer Chénelle Lesley. "Genetic and morphometric variation of Octopus vulgaris in the Benguela Current region." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012971.

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The Benguela Current is a cold eastern boundary current located on the south-western coast of the African continent. The establishment of its present day features approximately two million years ago has triggered allopatric events which have driven genetic and/or phenotypic differentiation in many of the warm-temperate organisms that previously had continuous distributions along the south and west coast of southern Africa. However, since many of these species have responded differently, despite similar isolation times, research in this region provides a unique opportunity to increase our understanding of evolutionary processes. The common octopus (Octopus vulgaris, Cuvier 1797) is a coastal, sedentary species, inhabiting coral reefs or rocky environments at depths of up to a 100m. It is considered to be one of the most extensively studied cephalopod species due to its worldwide distribution. However, very little research has been conducted on O. vulgaris in southern Africa. In order to gain a holistic understanding of the effects of the Benguela Current on population connectivity, genetic and phenotypic diversity, and evolutionary history of O. vulgaris, a comparative genetic and morphological study was conducted across the Benguela region. A total of 168 specimens of O. vulgaris were collected from four different regions across the Benguela system. A small tissue sample was preserved in ethanol for molecular analysis, and the specimen was frozen whole for morphometric analysis in the laboratory. Octopus vulgaris genetic population structure and evolutionary history was investigated using a 580bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene for 76 individuals located within the Benguela region, yielding 10 different haplotypes. AMOVA and pairwise FST analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation suggesting a northern-southern Benguela divergence. Estimates of time since most recent common ancestor, based on biogeographical calibrators and coalescent analyses, indicated that isolation between the Angolan and South African population occurred between ~231 Ka and 1 Ma. Mismatch distribution analyses revealed a past population expansion within the South African O. vulgaris roughly 129.31 Ka, whilst Bayesian skyline plots were indicative of gradual demographic growth within the Angolan population in the last ~100 Ka. Observed O. vulgaris population structure and demographic history was likely the result of historical climate-induced change within the system. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships within the Octopus genus, using cytb and COI suggest that O. vulgaris is not a monophyletic group and a major systematic revision is required. Furthermore, unidentified individuals from South Africa were found to group with species from Indo-West Pacific Oceans and were therefore considered to have been translocated through ballast water from Asia. While the molecular analysis indicated a significant northern-southern Benguela structure results from the principle component analysis (PCA) and discriminate function analysis (DFA) were unable to distinguish between O. vulgaris from different sampling localities throughout the Benguela Current region based on soft-parts, hard-parts and meristic characters. The lack of phenotypic variation, despite significant genetic divergence, highlights the importance of multi-method approaches in gaining a holistic understanding of the taxonomy and biogeography of species.

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34

Van, der Velde Lode. "Missing links in the genesis of type 1 diabetes : A geographical approach to the case of enteroviruses in the Nordic region." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157064.

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that destroys the bodies’ insulin producing beta-cells. The disease is understood to be triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by environmental factors. While the genetic side of the etiological model has to some degree been uncovered, there is no clear understanding of which environmental factors play a role in the disease process. Several hypotheses claim to explain the development of T1D, of which enteroviral infections show the most promise. According to this hypothesis high prevalence of enteroviral infections would also mean high incidence rates of T1D. This study focused on four Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) that as late as 2017 were found in the top 10 countries for incidence rate of childhood-onset T1D in the world. Incidence rates of T1D and prevalence of enteroviruses were mapped and geographically analyzed according to the principles of spatial epidemiology, after which correlation coefficients were calculated. In doing so the study tried to answer to which extent the prevalence of enteroviruses could explain the regional variations in T1D. For all countries no significant correlation was found, but increasing sample size, by grouping countries, showed considerably different outcomes with a small positive correlation in the case of Norway and Finland.

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35

Mortimer, Elizabeth. "Phylogeny of Ameronothroidea in the south polar region and the phylogeography of selcted species on sub-antarctic Marion Island." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21744.

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Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sub-Antarctic islands represent the only mid to high latitude terrestrial biomes in the Southern Hemisphere. These islands have various geological origins and histories, well-preserved terrestrial ecosystems and high levels of species endemism. In an attempt to understand the evolution and biogeography of terrestrial taxa in the South Polar Region, the first broad-scale molecular phylogeny was constructed for the unique terrestrial group, the ameronothroid mites (genus Halozetes (Oribatida)), collected from sub-Antarctic and Maritime Antarctic localities. Phylogenetic analyses based on a combined mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI)) and nuclear (histone-3 (H3)) sequence dataset indicated that the evolution of these mites were habitat specific (i.e. intertidal, supralittoral and terrestrial). Notwithstanding criticisms levelled against a molecular clock, the mites were evolutionary young (<10myo), contrary to their status as an ancient group predating Gondwana fragmentation. Biogeographic analyses indicated a complex pattern mainly sculpted by multiple independent dispersal events across the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone similar to previous findings for other marine and terrestrial taxa. Also, the molecular phylogeny displayed considerable discourse with contemporary taxonomy suggesting the need for taxonomic revisions and reassessment of morphological characters. Sub-Antarctic Marion Island, the larger of the two islands comprising the Prince Edward Island archipelago (PEI), has experienced extensive glaciation and volcanism. To assess the impact of historical events (volcanism (including recent eruptions) and glaciation) and contemporary mechanisms (gene flow) on the genetic spatial distribution of species from Marion Island, two mite species namely Eupodes minutus (Prostigmata) and Halozetes fulvus (Oribatida) as well as a single plant species, Azorella selago (Apiaceae), were selected as model organisms. For independent phylogeographic analyses, mitochondrial sequence data (COI) were obtained for both mite species, while chloroplast sequence (trnH-psbA) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data were generated for the cushion plant, A. selago. Since A. selago is typified by two growth forms namely discrete cushions and continuous mats, it was essential to examine the growth dynamics prior to phylogeographic analyses. The sequence and fragment data indicated that both mite and plant species were significantly substructured across Marion Island. Manual comparisons indicated unique populations on the western (Kaalkoppie for H. fulvus, La Grange Kop for E. minutus and Mixed Pickle for A. selago), eastern (Bullard Beach for H. fulvus and Kildalkey Bay for E. minutus), northern (Middelman and Long Ridge for H. fulvus) and southern side (Grey Headed for H. fulvus and Watertunnel for A. selago) of the island. Importantly, the western side had unique localities for all species. Interestingly, based on the H. fulvus data, the western populations were relatively young, characterized by high migration rates, small effective (female) population sizes with no isolation-by-distance. The opposite scenario was found for the eastern populations. This spatial genetic structure described for species on Marion Island can be ascribed to both historical events and environmental conditions. These areas with their unique genetic composition are of special conservational concern; consequently this research will contribute to an active management plan for PEI, South Africa’s only Special Nature Reserve.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sub-Antarktiese eilande verteenwoordig die enigste terrestriële bioom in die middel tot hoër breedtegrades van die Suidelike Halfrond. Hierdie eilande besit ‘n verskeidenheid van geologiese oorspronge en geskiedenisse, goed-bewaarde terrestriële ekosisteme en hoë vlakke van endemisme. In ‘n poging om die evolusie en biogeografie van terrestriële taksa in die Suid Pool Area te verstaan, is die eerste grootskaalse molekulêre filogenie saamgestel vir ‘n unieke terrestriële groep, die ameronothoïed miete (genus Halozetes (Oribatida: Ameronothroidea)), vanaf menigte sub-Antarktiese en Maritime Antarktiese lokaliteite. Filogenetiese analises gebaseer op die saamgestelde mitochondriale (sitokroom oksidase subeenheid I (COI)) en nukluêre (histoon-3 (H3)) basispaarvolgordes het aangedui dat die evolusie van hierdie miete habitat spesifiek is (m.a.w inter-gety, supralitoraal en terrestrieël). Ongeag die kritiek teenoor ‘n molekulêre klok, is hierdie miete evolusionêr jonk (<10mjo), wat teenstrydig is met hulle status as ‘n antieke groep wat terugdateer voor Gondwana fragmentasie. Biogeografiese analises het ‘n komplekse patroon aangedui wat grotendeels gekarakteriseer word deur menigte onafhanklike verspreidingsgebeurtenisse bo-oor die Antarktiese Polêre Frontale Zone, wat ooreenstemmend is met vorige bevindinge vir ander mariene en terrestriële taksa. Die molekulêre filogenie het ook aansienlik verskil van die tradisionele taksonomie, dus is taksonomiese aanpassings en herklassifisering van morfologiese karakters noodsaaklik. Sub-Antarktiese Marion Eiland, die groter eiland van die Prins Edward eilandgroep (PEI), het uitermate glasiasie en vulkanisme ondervind. Om die impak van historiese gebeurtenisse (vulkanisme (insluitend onlangse uitbarstings) en glasiasie) en kontemporêre meganismes (geenvloei) op die genetiesgespasieërde verspreiding van spesies vanaf Marion Eiland te bepaal, was twee mietspesies naamlik Eupodes minutus (Prostigmata) en Halozetes fulvus (Oribatida) asook ‘n enkele plantspesie, Azorella selago (Apiaceae), gekies as model organismes. Vir onafhanklike filogeografiese analises, was die mitochondriale basispaarvolgorde (COI) vir beide mietspesies bepaal, terwyl chloroplast basispaarvolgorde (trnH-psbA) asook geamplifiseerde fragmentlengte polimorfisme (AFLP) data gegenereer was vir die kussingplant, A. selago. Aangesien A. selago gekenmerk word deur twee groeivorme, naamlik diskrete kussings en aaneenlopende matte, was dit noodsaaklik om eers die groeidinamika van die plant te ondersoek alvorens ‘n filogeografiese studie kon geskied. Die basispaarvolgordebepalings en fragmentdata het aangedui dat beide mietspesies sowel as die plantspesie betekenisvolle substruktuur vertoon regoor Marion Eiland. Informele vergelykings het unieke populasies aangedui op die westelike (Kaalkoppie vir H. fulvus, La Grange Kop vir E. minutus en Mixed Pickle vir A. selago), oostelike (Bullardstrand vir H. fulvus en Kildalkeybaai vir E. minutus), noordelike (Middelman en Long Ridge vir H. fulvus) en suidelike kant (Grey Headed vir H. fulvus en Watertunnel vir A. selago) van die eiland. Die westelike kant besit dus unieke lokaliteite vir al die spesies. Interressantheidhalwe het die H. fulvus data getoon dat die westelike populasies relatief jonk is en gekarakteriseer word deur hoë migrasiesyfers en klein effektiewe (vroulike) populasiegroottes met geen isolasie-oor-afstand nie. Die resultate vir die populasies aan die oostelike kant van die Marion Eiland was presies teenoorgesteld. Dié beskryfde substruktuur vir die spesies op Marion Eiland is afkomstig van beide historiese gebeurtenisse asook omgewingstoestande. Hierdie areas met hul unieke genetiese samestelling, is belangrik vir natuurbewaring. Hierdie navorsing sal bydra tot die bestuursriglyne van PEI, Suid Afrika se enigste Spesiale Natuurreservaat.

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Merideth, Craig. "An archaeometallurgical survey for ancient tin mines and smelting sites in Spain and Portugal : Mid-Central Western Iberian geographical region, 1990-1995 /." Oxford : BAR, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37032249b.

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Arpin, Sarah Marie. "Karst Hydrogeology of the Haney Limestone, South-Central Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1253.

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South-central Kentucky has one of the world’s most intensively studied karstareas, with most work focusing on the Mammoth Cave System and related caves and aquifers. However, slightly higher in the stratigraphic section than Mammoth Cave, the Haney Limestone is a locally important but less well studied carbonate aquifer. This research provides the most comprehensive synthesis to date of the karst hydrogeology of the Haney Limestone of south-central Kentucky, focusing on the distribution and controls on cave and karst features developed within. In contrast to drainage systems within the major limestones below, joints are the most dominant control on passage development in the Haney Limestone within the study area and the orientation of these joints is consistent with that of regional joint sets. Bedding planes and the presence of insoluble rock at the base of the Haney also exert control on conduit development in the Haney Limestone. Most of the caves of the study area developed in the Haney Limestone are singleconduit caves that receive water through direct, allogenic sources. Cave entrances are frequently perennial spring resurgences and the presence of active streams suggests that the caves function within the contemporary landscape, acting as drains for localized recharge areas. The hydrology of the Haney Limestone plays an important, if localized, role in the regional hydrology of south-central Kentucky, integrated into the current system of surface and subsurface drainage of the regional karst landscape. Evidence supports the idea that caves of the Haney Limestone are, geologically, relatively recent phenomena. A majority of the cave passages in the study area are hydrologically active, the water resurging from the sampled springs is typically undersaturated with respect to limestone, and the caves in some case appear to be developed along potential stress release fractures associated with small, apparently young valleys. This suggests that caves in the Haney Limestone were not directly influenced by the incision of the Green River over vast periods, like Mammoth Cave, but that cave development is a largely contemporary process.

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Alemu, Gulilat. "GIS based and analytical network process based multi criteria decision aid for sustainable urban form selection of the Stockholm region." Thesis, KTH, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-95426.

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Decision making processes of natural resources for sustainable development are very complex processes that contain large amounts of contradicting criteria and alternatives and/or objectives. Hence efficiency of planning and decision making is highly dependent on the structure of the decision problems. In this re-spect Multi Criteria Decision Aid (MCDA) is the most widely used method. Particularly GIS-based MCDA using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a well-known method in this respect. However, there are interrelationships and interdependences among problems of the real world. As a result, many spatial problems cannot be structured hierarchally because the importance of the criteria determines the importance of the alternatives, and the importance of the alternatives also determines the importance of the criteria. Analytical Network Process (ANP) based MCDA is a new planning and decision making ap-proach that allows the decision problem to be modeled considering feedbacks and interdependence among criteria. This study critically reviews GIS-based MCDA using the AHP method and the ANP based MCDA method and forwarded recommendations for future works. To attain this, practical decision making processes were used of urban form selection for a sustainable development of the Stockholm region. For this purpose literature was reviewed, separate methodologies were developed, criteria were formulated to be analyzed using GIS and SuperDecision software‟s, and finally reasonable results were achieved and separately presented to critically evaluate both the methods and the outcome. This study showed that GIS has the potential to be an important decision aid tool, that the ANP seems to give more realistic results than the GIS-based MCDA method, and that a compact scenario that over time follows already established polycentric pattern would be the best alternative urban form for a sustainable develop-ment of Greater Stockholm.

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Diedericks, Genevieve. "Phylogeography of the Cape girdled lizard, Cordylus cordylus : investigating biogeographic patterning in the Cape floristic region (CFR)." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85866.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the present study I examined the phylogeography of the rupicolous Cape girdled lizard, Cordylus cordylus. Samples were collected across the species distribution range from 63 localities in the Eastern and Western Cape and Free State provinces of South Africa, yielding a total sample size of 207 specimens. Four DNA loci, two nuclear (PRLR, PTPN12) and two mitochondrial (16S rRNA, ND2), were sequenced. Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods were employed to test evolutionary relationships among populations, followed by population structure analyses, divergence time estimations and niche modelling. My results confirm the species monophyly and revealed the presence of two distinct clades. Clade 1 comprised specimens from the western and southern portions of the Western Cape coast, while clade 2 comprised specimens from the southern and eastern Cape coast and adjacent interior of the Eastern and Western Cape and Free State provinces. An area of sympatry between the two clades was observed in the Breede river valley. The divergence time estimates revealed an Early Pliocene (4.31 Ma), Late Miocene (6.01 Ma) divergence for each of the two clades retrieved. Phylogeographic data suggest that clade 1 is younger (lower haplotypic and nucleotide diversity), in comparison to clade 2. Furthermore, the niche modelling shows that C. cordylus occupies a wide range of unfavourable habitats. The absence of marked phylogeographic patterning within clades is very uncharacteristic for a rupicolous vertebrate species. The ecological pliability and generalist nature of C. cordylus presumably contributed to the observed phylogeographic pattern and have facilitated the absence of within clade differentiation. Moreover, I suggest that microclimatic variables, rather than geographic barriers influence the genetic structuring of C. cordylus.

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Ramalho, Monna Myrnna Mangueira. "Estudos fitogeogrÃficos no gÃnero Guzmania Ruiz & Pav. (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15816.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
A distribuiÃÃo geogrÃfica de um tÃxon Ã determinada por sua capacidade de dispersÃo associada a um conjunto de fatores abiÃticos como temperatura, quantidade de luz e umidade, e biÃticos, como as interaÃÃes ecolÃgicas i.e. competiÃÃo e predaÃÃo. Bromeliaceae Ã a segunda mais diversificada famÃlia de epÃfitas vasculares, contribuindo com a riqueza total de espÃcies nas florestas neotropicais, com a maior diversidade e endemismo em altitudes mais elevadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo responder os seguintes questionamentos: i) Quais os padrÃes de distribuiÃÃo das espÃcies de Guzmania Ruiz & Pav. e quais filtros ambientais sÃo mantenedores desta distribuiÃÃo? ii) Quais as Ãreas com maior riqueza e diversidade das espÃcies? iii) Partindo das premissas que a modelagem preditiva nos fornece, qual a Ãrea potencial de distribuiÃÃo das espÃcies de Guzmania? Os dados de distribuiÃÃo geogrÃfica de Guzmania foram obtidos atravÃs do Centro de ReferÃncias de InformaÃÃes Ambientais â CRIA, posteriormente foram produzidos os mapas de distribuiÃÃo geogrÃfica utilizando o software DIVA-GIS 7.5. A regiÃo Neotropical foi dividida em dez Ãreas fitogeogrÃficas. As espÃcies foram classificadas em dois padrÃes de distribuiÃÃo, ampla e restrita, sendo a distribuiÃÃo ampla podendo ser contÃnua ou disjunta, e os padrÃes fitogeogrÃficos descritos. Foram obtidos os dados das variÃveis ambientais para verificar se hÃ relaÃÃo com os padrÃes de distribuiÃÃo das espÃcies. Utilizamos o Ãndice de Shannon (Hâ) para determinar os padrÃes de riqueza e diversidade e, para a anÃlise de similaridade (UPGMA) foi construÃda uma matriz binÃria com dados de presenÃa =1/ ausÃncia=0 visando determinar os blocos florÃsticos de espÃcie que apresentassem padrÃo semelhante. AtravÃs dessa matriz foi conduzida uma anÃlise de PAE (Parcimony Analysis of Endemicity), que classifica Ãreas ou localidades com tÃxons anÃlogos. A modelagem de distribuiÃÃo preditiva foi realizada apenas para as espÃcies ocorrentes nos remanescentes de floresta ombrÃfila do estado do CearÃ (Serras Ãmidas). As espÃcies estudadas de Guzmania apresentaram um padrÃo de distribuiÃÃo amplo na regiÃo Neotropical com disjunÃÃes no nordeste do Brasil, nos DomÃnios fitogeogrÃficos do Caribe, AmazÃnico, Guianas, Andino-PatagÃnico e Chaco. A Ãrea de maior diversidade do gÃnero foi na regiÃo do Andes, seguida da AmazÃnia, AmÃrica Central, Escudo das Guianas e Serras Ãmidas do CearÃ. AnÃlise de similaridade (UPGMA) baseada na distribuiÃÃo das espÃcies resultou na formaÃÃo de trÃs blocos florÃsticos. A modelagem de distribuiÃÃo potencial prevÃ uma drÃstica reduÃÃo nas Ãreas de ocorrÃncia das espÃcies, principalmente nas Serras Ãmidas.
The geographical distribution of taxa is determined by its capability of dispersion together with a range of abiotic (e.g. temperature, light amount and humidity) and biotic factors (e.g. ecological interactions like competition and predation). Bromeliaceae is the second great family of vascular epiphytes, contributing with the total richness of species in Neotropical forests and with the greater diversity and endemism in high altitudes. This work aims to answer the following questions: i) What are the distribution patterns of Guzmania Ruiz & Pav. species and which environmental filters maintain this distribution? ii) Which areas present greater richness and diversity of species? iii) Taking into account the premisses offered by the predictive modeling, which is the potential area of distribution of Guzmania species?Data of geographical distribution of Guzmania were obtained at Centro de ReferÃncias de InformaÃÃes Ambientais - CRIA - and later the maps of geographical distribution were produced using DIVA-GIS 7.5 program. The Neotropical region was divided into 10 phytogeographic areas. The species were classified into two distribution patterns, large and restrict, where the former could be continuous or disjunct, and the phytogeographic patterns were described. Shannon index (H`) was used to determine the richness and diversity patterns and to similarity analysis (UPGMA) it was constructed a binary matrix with data concerning presence =1 and absence =0 aiming to determine the flower blocks of species presenting similar patterns. Based on this matrix it was conducted a PAE (Parcimony Analysis of Endemicity) analysis, which classifies areas or localities with analogous taxa. Modelling of predictive distribution was performed only to species occurring at ombrofila forest remnants in CearÃ state (Humid Mountains). The studied Guzmania species presented a large distribution pattern at Neotropical region with disjunctions at Brazilian Northeast into the phytogeographic domains of Caribbean, Amazon, Guayana, Andes-Patagonia and Chaco. The greater diversity area of the gender was at Andes region, followed by Amazon, Central America, Guayana Shield and Humid Mountains of CearÃ. Similarity analysis (UPGMA) based on species distribution revealed the formation of three flower blocks. The modeling of potential distribution predicts a drastically reduction in the areas where the species are found, specially at Humid Mountains.

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LaTragna, Mary Anne. "The Correlation Between the Geographical Region of a High School and the Enrollment Ratio of Males to Females in Accelerated College-Preparatory Level Mathematics Courses." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3645322.

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Females, in this modern age of feminism, have excelled in all fields of study and graduate from college in larger numbers than males. However, few women go into the STEM fields (Hill, Corbett, & St. Rose, 2010). To close this gap in mathematics-related fields, it is paramount that high schools produce female students who are advanced in Mathematics. The problem was the underrepresentation of females in mathematical fields of study, with a more pressing issue of underrepresentation of females in college preparatory mathematics classes at the high school level. The purpose of this study was to determine if the geographical region of a high school contributed to the resulting ratio of males to females enrolled in college level mathematics courses. In this mixed methods study, 21 urban, 14 suburban, and 30 rural public school districts in Missouri, were selected and the ratio of males to females enrolled in Calculus for each district was obtained. The researcher's rationale for this comparison was that the culture of each geographical region created bias affecting females' choice in their fields of study.

The research question was: Does the ratio of males to females differ between urban, rural, and suburban high schools in advanced mathematics courses? Two types of analyses were applied in this study and obtained the following results. The data analyzed in the study did not support a difference in ratios when comparing urban, rural, and suburban schools, nor did it support a difference in male to female ratios enrolled in advanced placement coursework. The data did not support a relationship between the ratio of Calculus students and the district budget, but did yield a mild positive correlation when comparing the ratios of male to female students in Calculus and male to female mathematics teachers.

Historically, lower enrollment of women in the STEM fields than males is a trend supportable by the findings of this study. In rural and suburban areas there were fewer females than males enrolled in advanced mathematics. However, in the urban areas a slight difference yielded more females than males enrolled in similar coursework.

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Silva, Ricardo Gilson da Costa. "Dinâmicas territoriais em Rondônia: conflitos na produção e uso do território no período de 1970/2010." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-14092011-131342/.

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A proposta desta tese é explicar o estado de Rondônia a partir das dinâmicas territoriais estruturantes, no período de 1970 à 2010. O caminho percorrido partiu das determinações históricas e geográficas que se manifestam no processo de acumulação e transformação do território pelo trabalho social. O estudo aponta que Rondônia vivenciou dois processos de organização do território com focos diferentes, sendo complementares e contraditórios. No primeiro momento (1970-1995), a trajetória assumida se deu com a ação do Estado e suas agências institucionais, na formação de uma coerência territorial cujo objetivo macro foi a construção de um tecido funcional em meio a um escasso processo econômico e populacional, desdobrando-se na produção e expansão do território estatal. O segundo momento se desdobra no período pós 1995, alimentado por novos usos do território composto por um conjunto de atividades produtivas que amplia a escala de ação e de realização dos principais processos econômicos. Comparece com mais fervor a ação do capital individual (grandes empresas) nas atividades econômicas de transformação da base primária, na formação de agroindústrias com volume e escala de produção, alargando o contexto social dos lugares e do território. No primeiro momento, sob a égide do Estado, a produção literal do território é proeminente manifestada na formação de cidades, colonização, migração, nos eixos rodoviários, e no fomento ao modelo agropecuário de base familiar. Posteriormente, o território se constitui com uma coerência funcional para o capital, alimentado por atividades econômicas cuja escala geográfica produz uma fragmentação territorial. Nesta situação, evidencia-se a nascente agricultura capitalista e a agroindustrialização como processo mobilizadores no campo e na cidade. A ação do capital é fragmentadora do território, ao passo que a do Estado busca uma densidade e articulação no seu conjunto. Como resultado manifesta-se a simultaneidade como elemento estruturante do território.
The purpose of the thesis is to explain the federal unity Rondônia from the structuring territorial dynamics in the period of 1970-2010. We departed from historical and geographical determinations which manifested in the accumulation and transformation of the territory by the social labour. The study point out that Rondônia was submitted to two processes of territorial organisation with different complementary and contradictory focuses. In the first moment, (1970-1995), the trajectory was implemented by the state action and its institutional agencies in the formation of a territorial coherence which macro-objective was the building of a functional net in the middle of a scarce economic and population process, ending in the production and expansion of the state territory. The following moment happened in the post-1995 epoch made by a joint of productive activities which amplified the scale of action and of realisation of the major economic activities in the territory. It is more evident the action of the individual capital (great business) in the primary-transformative productive activities, in the formation of agribusiness with volume and scale of production, enlarging the social context of places and of territory. In the first moment, under the auspices of the state, the literal production of territory is more evident and it is manifested in the creation of cities, in colonisation of lands, in migrant flows, in road axis and support of small-scale agropecuary. Lately, the territory was constituted as a functional coherence for the capital, feed by economic activities whose geographical scale produced the territorial fragmentation. In this above-mentioned situation, it is clear the new-born capitalistic agriculture and the agro-industrialisation as dynamic processes in the rural and urban dimension. The capital action fragments the territory whilst the state action searches a density and articulation in its total, even if in contradiction in those actions. Manifests a simultaneity and selectivity time-space as a structuring element of the territory.

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Kapfer, Géraldine. "Distribution and habitat use of different bat species along a hydrographical network in the Brussels' Capital Region." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210713.

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Ridefelt, Hanna. "Spatial and Temporal Variations of Solifluction and Related Environmental Parameters in the Abisko Mountains, Northern Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-101419.

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This thesis presents an assessment of the variation in solifluction occurrence, morphometry and movement rates in the Abisko region, northern Sweden. Variations in movement rates are analyzed both on a regional and local scale. The main methodological contributions of this thesis have been to provide new techniques of analyzing spatial and temporal variations of solifluction in order to detect long term temporal trends and to regionalize the variations in movement rates. The spatial analysis is achieved by using a combination of field measurements, GIS and remote sensing techniques and statistical analysis. The results are presented in six papers, focusing on the morphometry of solifluction landforms (paper I), the occurrence of permafrost (paper II), the spatial and temporal variations of lobe front movement rates using aerial photographs (paper III), the temporal, regional and local spatial variations in movement rates (paper IV – VI) and statistical modelling of the occurrence of solifluction landforms and calculation of geomorphic work (paper V and VI). The results show that, on a regional scale, vegetation patterns are a major control on the occurrence of turf-banked solifluction landforms, with high NDVI-values (vegetation) associated with the presence of forms. Elevation is also a major control on a regional scale with a decrease in lobe dimensions and movement rates with increased elevation. High soil moisture values are associated with larger landforms and increased movement rates. Movement rates are generally higher in the western part of the region and appear to increase with higher MAAT. Equally, geomorphic work is greatest in the western part of the region. The important controls on a local scale vary from site to site, but include vegetation, slope angle and soil moisture. The photo analysis indicates that annual movement rates of lobe fronts in Kärkevagge and Låktatjåkka valley over the period 1959-2000 ranges from not-detectable to 63mm/yr. The permafrost model shows probabilities >0.8 for permafrost at elevations above 1300 m a.s.l. in the western part of the region, decreasing to altitudes over 850 m a.s.l. in the eastern part of the region. Calculated geomorphic work suggests that solifluction is a significant denudational agent in the sub-Arctic mountains of northern Sweden, but less so than previously estimated.

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Fairless-Clarkson, Victoria. "“An English which is not connected to Great Britain, the USA or any other geographical region.” : How is English presented in the Swedish educational television series Pick a colour?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-144276.

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English is used worldwide as a native, second and foreign language and as a language of international communication. The uses and status of English in Sweden have been discussed in terms of its influence and ubiquity, with its presence in daily life leading some to consider English could be better described as a second, rather than foreign, language in the country. This study analyses how English is presented in the Swedish educational television series Pick a colour and considers how this can be related to the status of English as a global language and specifically the use of English in Sweden. This paper uses an approach drawing on nexus analysis, together with content analysis, to trace the key language ideologies surrounding English presented in Pick a colour and its surrounding texts, and to locate them within the context of the existing discourses in place. Analysis reveals that the series and related documents make attempts to move away from traditional native speaker British English and American English models of the language, and towards a “Global English” not linked to any specific geographical region and with a focus on communicative competence. However, as British English and American English and native-speaker models of the language are not directly challenged in the documents, and are given the greatest prominence in the series, it seems moving away from the status quo is still difficult in practice. The Swedish settings shown in the series, and emphases on the use of English in pupils’ daily lives allude to English being approached in a way more similar to a second, rather than foreign language in Sweden.

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46

Russell, Monica G. "Abundance, distribution and habitat requirements of the tree-stem trapdoor spider, Aganippe castellum (Arachnida : Idiopidae) in the eastern West Australian wheatbelt." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/183.

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The rare and endemic Trapdoor spider Aganippe castellum (Main, 1986) is currently distributed across the north-eastern West Australian wheatbelt. The sedentary nature of A castellum makes it susceptible to changes in soil and litter, and specifically to sheet flooding and fire events. Studies have shown that spider abundances, species richness and composition are strongly influenced by ve1etation density (Hatley & MacMahon, 1980), and the depth and complexity of the leaf litter layer (Uetz, 1991). Therefore, although all known populations of A. castellum are closed to grazing, any alterations to these vegetation characteristics (in addition to the previous large-scale clearing in Western Australia) may threaten the success of the populations. With most of the remaining populations found in remnant bushland areas either on nature reserves, road verges or private property and these populations suspected to be in decline it was essential that the species' ecology be investigated in order to facilitate a management plan. This was attempted during this study through first establishing the current distribution and abundances of populations of A. castellum which required the development of a method which determined spider presence, and then sampling of the habitat and microhabitat within the four study populations and the one extinct population.

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47

Aksoy, Ece. "An Attempt To Classify Turkish District Data: K-means And Self-organizing Map (som) Algorithms." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605711/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT AN ATTEMPT TO CLASSIFY TURKISH DISTRICT DATA: K-MEANS AND SELF-ORGANIZING MAP (SOM) ALGORITHMS Aksoy, Ece M.S., Department of Geodetic and Geographic Information Systems Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Oguz ISik December 2004, 112 pages There is no universally applicable clustering technique in discovering the variety of structures display in data sets. Also, a single algorithm or approach is not adequate to solve every clustering problem. There are many methods available, the criteria used differ and hence different classifications may be obtained for the same data. While larger and larger amounts of data are collected and stored in databases, there is increasing the need for efficient and effective analysis methods. Grouping or classification of measurements is the key element in these data analysis procedures. There are lots of non-spatial clustering techniques in various areas. However, spatial clustering techniques and software are not so common. This thesis is an attempt to classify Turkish district data with the help of two clustering algorithms: K-means clustering and self organizing maps (SOM). With the help of these two common techniques it is expected that a clustering can be reached, which can be used for different aims such as regional politics, constructing statistical integrity or analyzing distribution of funds, for same data in GIS environment and putting forward the facilitative usage of GIS in regional and statistical studies. All districts of Turkey, which is 923 units, were chosen as an application area in this thesis. Some limitations such as population were specified for clustering of Turkey&rsquo
s districts. Firstly, different clustering techniques for spatial classification were researched. K-Means and SOM algorithms were chosen to compare different methods with Turkey&rsquo
s district data. Afterward, database of Turkey&rsquo
s statistical datum was formed and analyzed joining with geographical data in the GIS environment. Different clustering software, ArcGIS, CrimeStat and Matlab, were applied according to conclusion of clustering techniques research. Self Organizing Maps (SOM) algorithm, which is the best and most common spatial clustering algorithm in recent years, and CrimeStat K-Means clustering were used in this thesis as clustering methods.

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48

Harrison, Jane. "Building mounds : Viking-Late Norse settlement in the North Atlantic, c. AD800-1200." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f5aa50e8-ace0-49fd-9065-c0c94187ffc6.

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The subject of this study is Viking-Late Norse settlement (c. AD800-1200) in the North Atlantic, focusing on Orkney and on longhouse complexes constructed on mounds. For the first time these mound settlements are investigated as a group and as deliberately constructed mounds. Settlement mounds in Orkney are also closely associated with nearly 40 Skaill ON skáli ('hall') place-names, which place-names linked the sites with the social and economic networks of Orkney's peripatetic leaders. This association is examined more closely. The analysis also demonstrates that constructing settlements on mounds required particular building techniques, which relied heavily on the use of midden-type material. Those techniques are examined using new and freshly analysed material from published and grey literature-published excavations and surveys of sites from the Viking-Late Norse period in Orkney and elsewhere. Three core data-sets were established to provide the evidential basis: the first, also drawing on site-visits, looking broadly at mound landscapes and skáli-areas in Orkney; the second at the building techniques and materials used on settlement mounds; and the third, also requiring site-visits, at all the skáli place-name sites. The possible origins of settlement mound living in the settlers' Scandinavian homelands are investigated, then the extent to which mound living was also followed in Shetland, Caithness and the Western Isles, and finally in previously unoccupied lands, using Iceland as a case study. The mound-sites, their archaeology, mound architecture, place-names and landscape setting are also analysed in a new theoretical framework to reach fresh understandings of Viking-Late Norse settlement in Orkney. The analysis thus considers the wider cultural significance of constructing and living on settlement mounds, and what that communicated about Viking-Late Norse society. The thesis argues that Viking-Late Norse groups chose prominently-placed sites for their visual dominance and commanding views, but also that the rebuilding of mound structures in one spot, and building out and up of the mound itself using midden material, set strong cultural messages about stability, continuity and association with the surrounding landscape. The mounds were complex features of culturally meaningful architecture.

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49

Marín, Félix Yasmina. "Soil ascomycetes from different geographical regions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/306440.

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S’ha procedit a la identificació morfològica i molecular de fongs ascomicets aillats a partir de mostres de sòl de diferents regions geogràfiques. En determinats casos, es va realitzar un estudi sobre la filogenia de diferents grups d’interès taxonòmic. S’han obtingut un total de 18 nous tàxons per a la ciència, dels quals deu, ja s’han publicat en revistes indexades. Els nous gèneres proposats són: Aphanoascella, Medusitheca, Naviculispora, Emmonsiellopsis i Rinaldiella, i les noves espècies són: Aphanoascella galapagosensis, Aspergillus posadasensis, Auxarthron longisporum, Corynascus fumimontanus, Diplogelasinospora moalensis, Emmonsiellopsis coralliformis, Emmonsiellopsis terrestris, Leiothecium cristatum, Medusitheca citrispora, Navicularispora terrestre, Pseudoneurospora canariensis, Rinaldiella pentagonospora i Thelebolus nanus. A més, mitjançant l’estudi morfològic i l’ús d’eines moleculars, alguns gèneres han sigut revisats, com es el cas de Myceliophthora, gènere d’ interès biotecnològic, i que s’ha restringit a la espècie tipo, segregant-se en dos nous gèneres termofílics i restablint-se el gènere Corynascus. S’ha portat a terme una revisió de l’ordre Melanosporales. Aquest ordre, important per al control biològic degut al seu hiperparasitisme, ha estat poc estudiat a nivell molecular degut a la dificultat d’aconseguir cultius vius i seqüencies fiables dels seus membres. Gràcies al present estudi, el gènere més rellevant d’aquest ordre, Melanospora, queda redefinit, Microthecium restablert, i es proposen tres nous gèneres. Per últim, també s’han estudiat les famílies Ajellomycetaceae i Lasiosphaeriaceae, per clarificar les relacions filogenètiques entre els seus membres.
Se ha procedido a la identificación morfológica y molecular de hongos ascomicetos aislados a partir de muestras de suelo de diferentes regiones geográficas. En determinados casos, se realizó un estudio sobre la filogenia de diferentes grupos de interés taxonómico. Se han obtenido un total de 18 nuevos taxones para la ciencia, de los cuales diez, ya se han publicado en revistes indexadas. Los nuevos géneros propuestos son: Aphanoascella, Medusitheca, Naviculispora, Emmonsiellopsis y Rinaldiella, y las nuevas especies son: Aphanoascella galapagosensis, Aspergillus posadasensis, Auxarthron longisporum, Corynascus fumimontanus, Diplogelasinospora moalensis, Emmonsiellopsis coralliformis, Emmonsiellopsis terrestris, Leiothecium cristatum, Medusitheca citrispora, Navicularispora terrestre, Pseudoneurospora canariensis, Rinaldiella pentagonospora y Thelebolus nanus. Además, mediante el estudio morfológico y el uso de técnicas moleculares, algunos géneros han sido revisados, como es el caso de Myceliophthora, género de interés biotecnológico, y que se ha restringido a la especie tipo, segregándose en dos nuevos géneros termofílicos y restableciéndose el género Corynascus. También, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión del orden Melanosporales. Este orden, importante para el control biológico debido a su hiperparasitismo, ha estado poco estudiado a nivel molecular debido a la dificultad de obtener cultivos vivos y secuencias fiables de sus miembros. Gracias al presente estudio, el género más relevante de este orden, Melanospora, queda redefinido, Microthecium restablecido, y se proponen tres nuevos géneros. Por último, también se ha estudiado las familias Ajellomycetaceae y Lasiosphaeriaceae, para clarificar las relaciones filogenéticas entre sus miembros.
We have performed the morphological and molecular identification of ascomycetes isolated from soil samples from different geographical regions. In some cases, phylogenetic studies of different taxonomic groups of interest were performed. We have obtained a total of 18 new taxa for science, of which ten have already been published in indexed journals. The proposed new genera are: Aphanoascella, Medusitheca, Naviculispora, Emmonsiellopsis and Rinaldiella, and the new species are: Aphanoascella galapagosensis, Aspergillus posadasensis, Auxarthron longisporum, Corynascus fumimontanus, Diplogelasinospora moalensis, Emmonsiellopsis coralliformis, Emmonsiellopsis terrestris, Leiothecium cristatum, Medusitheca citrispora, Navicularispora terrestre, Pseudoneurospora canariensis, Rinaldiella pentagonospora and Thelebolus nanus. Furthermore, based on morphological and molecular studies, some genera have been reviewed, as Myceliophthora, genus of biotechnological interest, which has been restricted to the type species, being the other species segregated in two new thermophilic genera and reestablishing the genus Corynascus. Also, a review of the order Melanosporales has been performed. This order, which is important for biological control because of its hyperparasitism, has been poorly molecularly studied due to the difficulty in obtaining living cultures and reliable sequences of its members. Thanks to this study, the most important genus of this order, Melanospora, has been redefined, Microthecium reestablished, and three new genera proposed. Finally, the families Lasiosphaeriaceae and Ajellomycetaceae have been studied in order to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among their members.

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50

Rocha, Elaine de Lima. "Propriedade intelectual por indicação geográfica: O caso da cachaça do Brejo paraibano." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8276.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The intellectual property protection ensures the ownership and rights to creators and other producers of intellectual goods and services in what concerns to the elements of knowledge and information. The geographical indication, is a constituent part of the intellectual property rights, it protects goods or services with characteristics attributed to their geographical origin, such as reputation, quality and tradition. The main goal of this work was to verify the perception of the Brejo Paraibano cachaça producers with regard to obtaining the geographical indication seal. The case study methodology was applied to achieve the goal. The research data was collected and analyzed through qualitative research techniques, such as interviews and documentary analysis. The research targeted the producers of cachaça from the Brejo Paraibano micro region. The methodological instrument used in the data analysis process was the content analysis in three chronological poles: pre-analysis; exploration of the material; treatment of the results, inference and interpretation. With regard to the results, it was possible to verify that the researched sugar cane mills produce cachaça in the traditional way, preserving its identity, even when seeking modernization through technology. The producers highlight this identity and claim that consumers attribute quality to the product as a result of belonging to that specific territory. The producers also mention that there is a differential for the characteristics peculiar to the region. It was clearly observed the producers interest in obtaining the geographical indication seal to add value to the product and to strengthen the whole sector. Even though the producers do not possess an in-depth knowledge about the topic, they believe that the Brejo Paraibano micro Region has the necessary attributes for recognition. In order to achieve that, it is essential that producers and actors involved in the process cooperate with each other. However, the region's culture is not favorable to cooperation, being necessary a process to raise awareness among producers. Finally, the study aimed to contribute to the enrichment, enhancement and dissemination of the geographical indication theme in Brazil, with the intention to contribute to the protection of regional culture and tradition.
A proteção da propriedade intelectual garante a titularidade e o direito a criadores e outros produtores de bens ou serviços de natureza intelectual, referindo-se a elementos de conhecimento e informação. A indicação geográfica, parte constituinte da propriedade intelectual, protege bens ou serviços com características atribuídas a sua origem geográfica, como reputação, qualidade e tradição. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a percepção dos produtores de cachaça do Brejo paraibano com relação à obtenção do selo de Indicação Geográfica. Para alcança-lo, aplicou-se a metodologia de estudo de caso. Assim, os dados foram coletados através de pesquisa qualitativa, mediante entrevistas e análise documental. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os produtores de cachaça da microrregião do Brejo paraibano. Já o instrumento metodológico utilizado no processo de análise de dados foi a análise de conteúdo, em três polos cronológicos: pré-análise; exploração do material; tratamento dos resultados, inferência e interpretação. No que se refere aos resultados, foi possível verificar que os engenhos pesquisados produzem cachaça de maneira tradicional, preservando a identidade, mesmo quando buscam a modernização por meio da tecnologia. Os produtores exaltam essa identidade e afirmam que os consumidores atribuem qualidade ao produto por pertencer a esse território, eles também demonstram que existe diferencial referente a características peculiares a região. Ficou claro o interesse dos produtores em obter o selo para agregar valor ao produto e fortalecer o setor, mesmo não dispondo de conhecimento aprofundado sobre o tema, eles acreditam que o Brejo possui atributos para o reconhecimento. Para isso, é fundamental que os produtores e atores envolvidos no processo estejam dispostos a cooperar entre si. No entanto, a cultura da região não é favorável à cooperação, sendo necessário um processo de sensibilização junto aos produtores. Por fim, o trabalho buscou contribuir com o enriquecimento, valorização e disseminação do tema no Brasil, com a intenção de colaborar com a proteção da cultura e tradição regionais.

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