Дисертації з теми "Géograhie urbaine"
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Verbavatz, Vincent. "Modélisation des systèmes urbains." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASP066.
Повний текст джерелаCities surprise and interest a large and long-standing scientific community of economists, sociologists, geographers and historians, in which physicists and mathematicians also have their word. Cities are surprising because they exist, which is anything but obvious and reflects the essential fact that individuals are prone to group together. Cities are interesting because they are developing to the point where they have become the primary context of human life on Earth, and understanding them properly has become a global issue. Finally, it is critical to note that cities are similar across civilizations despite the multiplicity of individualities that underlie them.The urban phenomenon and the empirical similarities between the cities of the world invite us to look for common causes: this is the grounding reason for a science of cities in which we place ourselves. Our quantitative work is unique in its methodology, which stems from statistical physics, but threefold in its objectives.We focus on urban demography, the main variable of urban systems, of which we study both the static distribution and the dynamic evolution, proposing a new law of urban growth.We also study the social dynamics of cities, which characterize the economic interactions between individuals and the dynamics of segregation and gentrification. Finally, we aim at describing urban transportation, the networks on which cities rely, and quantify the non-trivial environmental and economic consequences of the interplay between private and public transport
Comelli, Cécilia. "Mutations urbaines et géographie de la nuit à Bordeaux." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30040.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis spawns from two observations: firstly, that 'the night' has rarely been subject to research in geography or the social sciences, and secondly, that Bordeaux city center, in the image of other old city centers, is undergoing important transformations. In the last twenty years most towns and cities have been subject to revitalization via political policies of “heritagization”. This trend also underlies the great urban project initiated in Bordeaux by Alain Juppe in 1995. The central problematic to this thesis is, therefore, to understand the role and the impacts of urban changes on the nocturnal geography of Bordeaux. Initially, it is necessary to examine these changes and their consequences of on the nightlife of Bordeaux, followed by a study of how the geography of the night manifests itself in Bordeaux. Can it be said that Bordeaux is moving towards and 24hour society, or does the night remain a frontier?
Robineau, Ophélie. "Vivre de l'agriculture dans la ville africaine : une géographie des arrangements entre acteurs à Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917958.
Повний текст джерелаHafez, Hisham Mahmoud. "La coordination urbaine dans les villes nouvelles d'Egypte : Gestion du développement urbain et planification urbaine." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070002.
Повний текст джерелаNew cities are one of the means to reach development. The Egyptian government has adopted it since the 70s to reply to the different demographic problems, urban and economic. Today, 24 years after the creation of the first new city and the foundation of 18 new cities, many objectives are not finished and several problems persist in new cities. Through the analysis of the existent situation, oe finds that the process adopted by the ministry of the construction in the new city planning cannot insure a real development. The analysis of the different experiences in the framework of new cities allows to determine some elements that can guarantee the success of development in new cities, among the most important, we can quote administrative factors. The evaluation of the process adopted in Egypt shows that it does not include administrative aspects and concentrate on urban aspects. For this reason, our research proposes a new process based on the integration between the administration and the urban planning. It adopts management of the urban development as an approach of the urban planning of new cities that can comprise the different administrative, urban, social, economic, political, environmental aspects. .
Benslimane, Nouzha. "L'organisation urbaine du Grand Casablanca." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010647.
Повний текст джерелаMolyvdis, Christos. "Formes urbaines et production de l'espace. : L'exemple de Thessalonique (Grèce). : Essai de géographie sociale urbaine." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN1295.
Повний текст джерелаBelarabi, Mokhtar. "Kénitra du Rharb : étude de géographie urbaine." Bordeaux 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR30027.
Повний текст джерелаDeveloped by colonization, kenitra bears the stigmas of this institution. On collective fields, the protectorate authorities established a tripartite land apportionment: the europeans and indigenous housing on the one hand, segregated by military buildings. The spatial development vill stress and perpetuate the "kenitra, colonial city" aspect. This situation lasted until the 80's when a realization of new districts , real replica of the original scheme, took place on the occidental margins of the lyautean city. Kenitra always attracted migrants, which can only be partly explained by historical and economic circumstances, through it has only a river harbor in diificulty and few industrial units of national importance. Modern industrial employment remains reduced, while the services offert most of the employment. The population densities and revenue distributions is significant : the most comfortables wages go to the smallest densities. In the rharb's urban structure, kenitra occupies the first rank on the demographic, economic or administrative levels. Kenitra owes this situation to its past and to the post-independance national contingency. Owing to its localization, kenitra remains an inevitable passage way between
Zerhouni, Mohammed. "Sefrou (Maroc) : géographie d'une croissance urbaine spontanée." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF20051.
Повний текст джерелаIn this theses, the author analyses the recent urban growth of a medium size moroccan town : sefrou (50. 000 inhabitants in 1992), the specific mechanisms of this growth lead us to say that sefrou obeys to a process of self-urbanization where opportunism and spontaneity prevail, both at the level of real estate and construction. On the one hand, most of the land where houses have already been built in accordance with regulations or illegally, was plotted directly by its owners. The latters are often born of old peasant families from sefrou who transformed their farming land into building land in order to improve thein living standards (extra-muros residences, monthly revenues from rents). On the other hand, the plots generated from these family operation exceeding the needs of the operations are sold to households from sefrou and also to immigrants. In the absence of necessary financial means, these people carry out the building operations by themselves in the town centre where constructing is regularized as well as in the outskirts where it is not
Suire, Raphaël. "Réseaux sociaux et géographie économique : agglomération, information et trajectoire de développement." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10004.
Повний текст джерелаThis work enlighten regional leader about the possibility to put the "territoire en mouvement" when these one are collectively subject to self-organization forces. We use an analytical framework based on social networks dynamic and individual situated rationality. We draw two main conclusions. Optimal spatial matching is a crucial function of the composition of social networks (diversity). A social position at the interface of the information sources (a social frontier) gives the attribute od a critical agent. This one can stimulate collective spatial dynamic. These results lay the foundations of a new leverage for regional leader. Since, the position of a territory inside rank-size hierarchy determines its attractivity, i. E. An ex ante diffusion od site's characteristics, dynamic location rely on social networks especially as territory is peripherical. Finally, we formulate recommandations for a situates regional politic based on a mix of financial as well as informational incentives
Bretagnolle, Anne. "Les systèmes de villes dans l'espace-temps : effets de l'accroissement des vitesses de déplacements sur la taille et l'espacement des villes." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010518.
Повний текст джерелаThe studies of urban systems dynamics point out the concentration of the population in more and more big cities. One of the most significant factors which are suggested to explain this process is the increase of speed of transportation means. Taking into consideration that all inhabited places are "brought together" in a relative manner, we may assume that smaller cities are affected in their functions as stopping places in the exchange networks, or as exchanging points of goods and services for the local and surrounding population. The study of the evolution of french cities accessibility, between 1830 and 1990, shows that those which have lost accessibility are, in majority, small size agglomerations, and that they are characterized by a relative decline in the years following this period. In the same way, if we delimit the complementary region of central places by a threshold of two hours of accessibility, in the french departments of drome and ardeche during the xixth and the xxth century, we can establish that the smaller cities enter a phase of relative decline after being captured in the zone of influence of a bigger one, except if they are located in the industrial valley of rhone. In a european scale, the space of exchanges is also significantly modified by the change of speed, cost and facility of transportation. If we estimate the relative position of cities, using the model of population potentials and weighting the distances by speed and cost of transportation, we show that the cities which have the higher potentials correspond, from the XIIIth to the XVIIIth century, to the "centers of world-economy", identified by f. Braudel, and, at the XIXth and the XXth century, to the cities which compose the megalopolitan dorsal going from london to milan. Finally, fitting the distributions of french city sizes by a lognormal and a pareto law, we find that the concentration of the urban population has been decreased since 1975. However, we assume that this phenomenon has not to be interpreted as a break in urban evolution, but that it results from the choice of the definition of the city in France
Renaud-Delaforge, Karine. "Prague 1930-1995 : essai de géographie sociale urbaine." Le Mans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LEMA0001.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this thesis is the social division and evolution of prague between 1930 and 1995. This research task poses the problem of the effect of political and economic systems and the historical heritage on this division. It shows that, during the pre-socialist period, liberal policies gave rise to strong distinctions linked to labour classification, "ethnic" and religious categories. During the socialist period, the social division was less important. However, there were differences between the old and the recently built districts. In fact, these policies did not entirely transform the previous social and economic structures of the city. The 1991'census shows homogeneity in the spatial distribution of prague's population. But the czech socio-economic situation has changed since 1990 : prague's population has become increasingly segmented. The housing policies increase these divisions. The heterogeneity of the residential stock and the extension of the private market tend to push back the most underprivileged populations towards the residential area built during the socialist period and to concentrate the most privileged population in the central sectors or in the villages attached to prague in 1968 or the 1990 are characterized by the occidentalization of this town. But the spatial segmentation poses a certain number of problems
Levasseur, Fabrice. "Les cavistes à Paris : étude de géographie urbaine." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040275.
Повний текст джерелаThe wine shops account for a very small part of the detail shops in Paris. However, they belong to the urban background, participating to the life of the streets where they are located and reflecting the purchases of the local population. The study of their implementation in the Parisian space shows the relations that link them to the urban environment and its various components (buildings, population, economic activities)
Forriez, Maxime. "Caractérisation formelle des structures multi-échelles géographiques en relativité d’échelle : exemples en géographie physique, géographie urbaine, géohistoire et géographie du peuplement." Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG1084/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe most obvious characteristic of the terrestrial interface is its heterogeneity. Phenomenologically, this one, human or natural, show limits that define the forms deployed in geographic space. These limits are certainly due to temporal dynamic, all as much as a scale dynamic. This one is manifested in the possible relationships and variables that exist between scales inasmuch as every scale can no conceive than relative to another that is used as reference. This leads to the scale relativity (SR) which should allow to define intrinsically the geographical space. The first objective is to show the possibility of using SR in geography. At the heart of the SR, we found that fractal geometry is indispensable to try to understand the organization in the scales of the world. So far fractals no were used than as a tool of describing more or less relevant. In SR, the fractal forms become a consequence of a formal space intrinsically irregular. The fractality can be thus a way of understanding of the world using the space of scales, that is to say its resolutions. The central objective of this study is thus to build a general fractal methodology necessary under investigation of an unspecified morphology through various examples resulting from the physical geography, the urban geography, the geohistory and the geography of the settlement. The final objective is to lead to solutions formal accessible at a broad community from geographers, which is not the case of the theory of the R.E in its current formalism. From an epistemological point of view, the development in geography of the R.E raises the question of the Re-naturalization of this discipline of the human and social sciences and of the constitution in analytical science, therefore more largely to propose a new definition of the geography
Boutaleb, Sabah. "Les petites agglomérations du Sais : étude typologique." Tours, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOUR4504.
Повний текст джерелаThe study is about the small towns of the sais; ain taoujtat; sabaa aioun, boufekrane, haj kaddour; tnine mhaya; ain chegag and ain chkef. These centres were created in their quasi-totality by the colonisation. Then after, their respective evolution depended on their situations with regard to the different ways of communication. Their economic fondations though erregular, they are in general fragile enough. The urban fact is also not infrequently elaborated there. The competition to which the two cities (fes and meknes) make there subdue, disturbed their developement and prevents them from taking root in their countryside, and explains the gaps that characterise the urban regional armature
Forriez, Maxime. "Caractérisation formelle des structures multi-échelles géographiques en relativité d'échelle : exemples en géographie physique, géographie urbaine, géohistoire et géographie du peuplement." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691773.
Повний текст джерелаAponte, Garcia Edgar. "Relation architecture-habitat : idées pour une réflexion : Casalta : un cas d'étude." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040469.
Повний текст джерелаMoussavou, Ida Rachel. "Croissance urbaine - systèmes fonciers et gestion des espaces urbains : l'exemple de Libreville (Gabon)." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30015.
Повний текст джерелаTHE RAPID URBAN GROWTH IN THE LAST THIRTY YEARS HAS BEEN THE MOST OUTSTANDING FUTURE OF LIBREVILLE'S TRANSFORMATION. IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A MARKED POPULATION CONCENTRATION AND A SPECTACULAR SPATIAL EXPANSION MAINLY DUE TO MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS. HOWEVER, THE CONTINOUS, MASSIVE AND DISORDERLY POPULATION INFLOW INTO THE URBAN AREAS HAS CAUSED THE PROLIFERATION OF UNDER-INTEGRATED DISTRICTS, DENSELY BUILT AND INSALUBRIOUS. MOST MIGRANTS FIND THEMSELVES WANTING IN SERVICED PARCELS AND ARE THESE OBLIGED TO COLONIZE NON AEDIFICANDI, UNSERVICEABLE AREAS. AS A RESULT, THERE OCCURS A PHENOMENON OF DISPROPORTIONATE AND ANARCHICAL SPATIAL GROWTH, THAT IS ENCOURAGED BY LAND SPECTACULORS. MODEM PROPERTY LAW CONFLICTS WITH POPULAR PRATICES. HENCE CONFLICTUAL SITUATIONS BETWEEN THE AUTHORITIES AND THE CITY PLANNING REVEALS URBANISTIC DEFICIENCIES : THE LACK OF AND EFFICIENT SYSTEM OF SOIL EXPLOITATION AND ATTRIBUTION THAT COULD MEET THE NEEDS IN SUITABLE LOTS. THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES HAS BEEN CONCENTRATED MAINLY IN SMART AREAS. THE LEVEL OF UTILITIES AND SERVICES HAS SETTLED AT HIGH STANDARDS with EXCLUDE THE MANY. CONSEQUENTLY, THERE EXISTS SERIOUS CITY PLANNING PROBLEMS AT A TIME WHEN PUBLIC RESSOURCES ARE DEPLETING. HOW MAKE MOST PEOPLES'S ACCESS TO PARCELS EASIER ALONG WITH BEING RESPECTFUL OF THE HARMONIOUS CITY AREA DEVELOPMENT ? THE AUTHOR PROPOSES TO STRENGTHEN THE URBANISM INSTITUTIONS AND INSTRUMENTS, THE CITY PROPERTY PLANNING AND REGULATION
Drevet-Démettre, Lucie-Emmanuelle. "Quand l'aéroport devient ville : géographie d'une infrastructure paradoxale." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30028/document.
Повний текст джерелаAirports are protean geographical objects characterized by their « accelerated obsolescence » (BANHAM, 1962). Since the 1990s, their final transformation has been structured around a process of functional diversification engendered by new activities, which are sometimes very different from air transport, in order to increase the infrastructures’ profits and profitability in a context of widespread privatization. The world’s largest hub airports are concerned by this evolution, especially the Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle airport, the world’s fourth busiest airport by international passenger traffic. This trend, which has given birth to the operational concept of airport city, as the Anglo-Saxon operators and observers call it, stirs up the geographical curiosity in two ways. Firstly, it questions the primary function of airports, which become unidentified spatial objects that need to be redefined. Secondly, the concept of airport city questions the city itself. Indeed, what makes a city a city on a material (urbanity) and conceptual (“citadinity”) level? Can a space with urban functions be considered as a city? Is the airport city only a functional city? By assessing the geographical relevance of the concept of airport city, this thesis aims at making the concepts of urbanity and “citadinity” operational concepts, so as to compare them with the airport ground. By adjusting the observation scale to the whole airport area, it also replaces the airport at the centre of the geographical study. Thus, the airport is not simply viewed as a terminal. Finally, this thesis aims at understanding the whole airport society’s spatiality (passengers, employees, accompanying people, homeless people…) by assessing the concept of “citadinity"
Audren, Gwenaëlle. "Géographie de la fragmentation urbaine et territoires scolaires à Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation aims at describing the forms of urban fragmentation in Marseille as well as its socio-spatial consequences through the modalities of school supply at the middle-school level (collège) and the practices of choosing schools for 6th graders (élèves de sixième), at various levels, in 2006 and 2009. School mapping (carte scolaire) imposes to families a neighborhood middle school, but in the face of important socio-spatial reconfigurations affecting the entire city of Marseille, discrepancies between schools, parent’s pedagogical expectations and local schooling conditions widen. The study focuses on the one hand on the quantification and localization of the phenomenon of school dodging (évitement scolaire) in Marseille, and on the other on the detailed analysis of territorial contexts, where several types of schooling strategies develop. Strong differentiations and quick urban socio-territorial recompositions in Marseille imply heterogeneous school practices illustrating the widening of socio-residential inequalities in the city and representing excellent markers to probe into increasing urban fragmentation. An analysis of the strategies of different institutional and individual actors allows one to grasp the mecanisms of production of a systemic, top-down school space. The territorial approach is largely valued here and the analysis of local contexts underlines the existence of multiple, differentiated school territories
Barre, Josette. "La colline de la Croix-Rousse : histoire et géographie urbaine." Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO31007.
Повний текст джерелаCroix-rousse hill in lyon is an example of dissymmetrical urban landscape, alike those found in anciently urbanized cities. The east end, older, with many streets often narrow and with older more popular constructions opposes the west end, spread out, residential and much greener. This dissymmetry is not due to natural conditions of the site; it is the outcom of historical events. For the first fifteen centuries a. D. , the hill is sparsely populated. In the first century a. D. It has two national monuments. In the middle ages the hill is still mostly rural and yet dirt roads leading to lyon are allready denser in the east end. From the 16th century to the beginning of french revolution it is an area around the great town. It receives fortifications, public buildings, market-gardens, country houses and convents. The hill becomes an area for land investments: the bourgeoisie buys out the east end while the nobility occups the west end. The only true extension of the city is the area around the main road leading to town. During the first half of 19th century and countrary to what is expected, the hill is rapidly urbanized
Chikhr, Saïdi Fatiha. "L'eau à Alger : ressources, distribution, consommation. Etude de géographie urbaine." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20049.
Повний текст джерелаThe recent period of dryness in maghreb (1981-1986) attracted the attention on the rarety of water. Indispensable element to life, water is a factor limitating a country's development. So, algiers like many other mediterranean cities, is submitted to physical natural constraints characterized by interseasonal and interannual climatic variations (600 mm annual precipitations) which have consequences upon exploitable resources and, therefore, water distribution of the 2 millions citizens. The algiers's growth increases its water needs and the result is an inadequacy between the supply and demand. The water shortage, in the past arusing out, became structural. The research is divided in 3 parts. The first part (105 p) concerns the mobilization of the water resources and the distribution, the administration of the drinkable water. The absence of local water resources makes algiers a dependant zone for its supplying water of its hinterland and of the border areas. The second part (119 p), by using the available statistics, analyses the water consumption in algiers and the problem of competition for the use of water in the region. The theme of unequal distribution of water in the urban space is also treated, a theme which is more widely analysed in the third part (84 p). The survey of the consumption habits of water is realized from an inquiry upon 93 women living in 3 different parts of algiers (hydra, belfort, casbah). The purpose of this survey is to show how the households absorb water in their daily life, the consequences of water rationing and the fundamental role of women in the daily administration of water
Cotelle, Pauline. "Une géographie de l'insécurité urbaine post catastrophe : le cas de la Nouvelle-Orléans et du cyclone Katrina (USA, 2000-2010)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30057/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe lack of academic research on “urban insecurity” in the context of a city affected by a major disaster led us to investigate this issue through the case of New Orleans and the Katrina disaster. The analysis of crime data, complemented by an intensive field work, allowed us to “recreate” the spatial and temporal evolution of crime related to Katrina. In the short term, Katrina let to numerous crime displacements in New Orleans and in the cities affected by indirect impacts from the disaster. Nonetheless, the analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data allows to seriously play down the discourses which oriented the official responses to the disaster. Crime, in particular fear of crime, has represented a serious obstacle to the crisis management, especially to the evacuation of the residents trapped by the floods. In the longer term, the return of the inhabitants came along with the return of violent crime after a lull of several months after hurricane Katrina. The analysis of crime data at different spatial scales allows us to consider crime as a frame to “read” post disaster changes in urban dynamics. Besides, brutal changes in those dynamics and in the urban landscape have affected the perceptions of danger which didn't always adjust to the new “criminal trends” of the city's different neighborhoods. The holistic approach of post disaster “urban insecurity” allows us to highlight an increase of crime risk at the city scale after Katrina because of a long lasting weakening of territories that struggle to recover and where criminal activities have proliferated. Since disasters like Katrina can lead to an increase in urban insecurity, in particular in the most vulnerable territories, a better consideration of this issue by researchers seems therefore necessary. The anticipation of the consequences that a major disaster can have on urban security would allow to integrate the issue of crime and its prevention into disaster management and recovery plans and therefore to facilitate the process of urban resilience
Villepontoux, Stéphane. "Sur l'idée de mobilité en géographie." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30075.
Повний текст джерелаSpace is not given, it is always to be ran. That's our paradigm of the beginning. In this vision, mobility is regarded as an important geaographical's concept. To assure onself of this, we must remember that aptitude to move is an indispensable faculty of human beings, a requirement for the survival of society and a determining factor to its developpement. In regard to our urban world, where interactions between man and space are quite complicated, concept of mobility is uppermost in our mind. To better understand which problems this notion is being solved, we're giving our theoretical model of human mobility. In our findings, mobility serve actors's interests and plans. But the potential and the will of these actors appear quite different. To analyse these differences, our study shows how every actor organize and conceive the links between mobility and territory and how these different strategies are taking place into urban space, and in the matter, help us to understand
Merhi, Jihad. "Beyrouth : entre risque et sécurité. Une géopolitique urbaine d'une ville sous tension." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040084.
Повний текст джерелаStudying urban security in Beirut, a schizophrenic city of war and peace, is in itself a challenge due to its unique security vulnerabilities. In this city, characterised by politico-religious antipathies as much as inter and intra-denominational hostilities, where authority is not lodged exclusively in the general government, the socio-economic factor, usually efficient as a scale of measurement for urban and mainly social risks, proved to be quite inoperative. Based on the fact that socio-economic fluctuations did not have significant repercussions on risks and urban security in this city, a more specific and comprehensive approach unveiled the presence of more decisive « existential » risks, endogenous to the particular type of the country’s politico-spatial structure. The country’s eccentric character revealed itself in an apparently united State structure that masks a territorialisation of public space, and thus, non-united Lebanese States. A mechanism of auto-defense grew among individuals to replace the weak authority of a fragile State in which the political regime, foreign interferences and armed group play a destructive role. The approach to the study of security in this multi-politico-religious space, which must be driven by an interpretation of the territory on a micro-local scale along with an analysis of the auto-defense mechanism, helped pave the way for the introduction of a new tool for measuring security in the framework of a sub-discipline that we agreed to call « Securitarian Geography ». Unable to fit in the classical analysis of geography, Beirut, like many other weak or fragile States, tends to require advanced studies in urban sociology and micro-political studies that put forward latent factors influencing security. This new scientific tool called «Securitarian Geography », introduced by us as researchers, will be a novelty tool in the hand of geopoliticians, to better study the specificity of infra-local sub-spaces in vulnerable territories
Rozenblat, Céline. "Le réseau des entreprises multinationales dans le réseau des villes européennes." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010520.
Повний текст джерелаThe firms strategies are very important in economic internationalization of the territories. Consequently we made a survey about the location of the largest european multinational firms' foreign subsidiaries, wich can be representative of the investment exchanges in Europe. This type of establishment could be used to measure the degree of international opening of places, especially the cities, which seem have facilities to integrate such supranational networks. Based upon this, we used the relationships between the hedquarters and the foreign subsidiaries of 100 of the 300 major european firms (about 3. 000 subsidiaries) to define the principal economic links between european metropoles. Then we were able to see the integration of such cities in the european economic system, and to compare the results with the characteristics of the cities (with more than 200. 000 inhabitants). This step required the construction of a homogeneous data base concerning this type of cities, with a total comparability of their delimitations, which are founded on the common criteria of building's continuity. Information concerning the population of the cities (extracts from census of population), international congresses (from 1987 to 1989), airline trafic, and majors hotel chains, permitted to define the factors of attractivity of European cities for multinational enterprises. In this way, we focalized our approach particularly on the role of the form of the differents settlement systems for the spatial diffusion of the foreign subsidiaries in the urban hierarchy
Akono, Kabeyene David. "Le sport à Toulouse : activités, pratiques, équipements : étude de géographie urbaine." Toulouse 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU20063.
Повний текст джерелаEnault, Cyril. "Vitesse, accessibilité et étalement urbain ; analyse et application à l'aire urbaine dijonnaise." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006172.
Повний текст джерелаFrankhauser, Pierre. "La fractalité des structures urbaines." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010558.
Повний текст джерелаUrban patterns show often an irregular morphology. The fact that this phenomenon appears often despite of the intensions of planers and that it is not related to a particular historical situation, incites to suppose the existence of self-organisation process, promoting such an evolution. To get more insight in these aspects of urban growth, it has been investigated, whether there exists appropriated quantitative measures to characterize the irregular structures. The analysis of the build-up area of a certain number of agglomerations of the scale of metropolitan areas has shown, that the urban patterns follow an interior order principle, and that they may be characterized by fractal dimensions. Thus the spatial organization of agglomerations follows a hierarchization principle, which appears on the scale of metropolitan areas as a radial dilution of the build-up area, according to a pareto-distribution. The fact that urban patterns follow such an order principle allowed to give an interpretation, based on sociological theories, of the socio-economic interactions giving rise to such an irregular growth. For some of these interactions it has been shown by use of a simulation model that these effects give really rise to a fractal urban pattern. The fractal analysis has been used too, to investigate the spatial organization of transportation networks. For town quarters, this method describes the hierarchical organization of the street pattern, and for metropolitan areas the accessibility, assured by the network, is measured
Bouverat, Dominique. "Villes et bourgs en Savoie de la Réforme à la Révolution." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20116.
Повний текст джерелаWith this work, the urbanity rating can emerge in Savoy which was rural between 1536 (Geneva's Independence) and September 1792 (Savoy's invasion by French revolutionary troops). The first part highlights a corpus of towns, market towns and small towns, from the contemporary stories. Secondly, it states the urban development conditions. The urban Savoy has very small towns, the resort of them generally dwells on important rural territory and population. During this time, this cities show a demographic low growth, or even negative for lots of market towns. The towns in Savoy are characterized by some specifics features in the urban demography like more mortality, more femininity, less enlarged and multiple families...).The exam of the administrative, religious and cultural duties reveal an urban hierarchy dominated by Chambéry and to a lesser extent by six provincial town's capitals. The military duty is insignificant, except Montmélian. The towns in Savoy, even if they are locate on an international junction, lack opportunity on economic level. Without enterprising and enough well-off elite, because of duchy’s chronic poverty and politics reticence, they don’t know how to catch a part of European trade and they don’t accomplish economic starting up. The second part talk about the town’s convenient. The study of the urban environment outlines some rural towns and dependent deeply natural conditions. The lack of financial means and other inertia have stop the urban direction ins to send of the towns to the medieval rigidity, even if some new town planner appears at the end of this period. The social custom of the town is also envisaging. It highlights cohesion’s factor which link the urban society, but threats which influence the social order too, and rate close to those of the countryside. The third part tries to assess openness capacity of the town’s in Savoy. It’s interested in competition, dependence and complementary notions, between the towns and the countryside, between cities duchy, and between the last and the big bordering cities, like Geneva, Lyon, Grenoble and Turin. In addition, by his geographic situation, the Savoy presents some border towns which characteristics are state. A board of the urban network in the Savoy in modern era will conclude this study
Guerfi, Mokhtar. "Application de la télédétection à l'analyse urbaine utilisation d'une image SPOT en multibande pour l'identification des tissus urbains de l'agglomération rouennaise." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUEL044.
Повний текст джерелаThe urban land use policies, impose a reasonned choice, whose require a descriptive data of the territory to planning. The remote sensing synoptic vision, enable to make e periodic, quantitative and qualitative inventory of land use; the question is to know, if the relation exists between urban object nautre properties and the measured inadiance. This relation was make conspiciously in homogeneous area, like agriculture, hydrology etc. . . The urban area exhibits an extremely heterogeneous surface cover, and it has not e direct relation between physic state of the object ans its urban fonction. Urban e image processing system whose is built on microcomputing an a software entirely developped on the same time of geographic analysis, we process to identify urban land cover for rouen, using the french Spot satellite multiban scene of december 5 1986. It appearead that the use of only one band is not available to analysis when land use, the combination of the three bands is best. The vegetation index give an interesting information. The Spot spatial resolution was nearly urban object height, a textural and structural study was made by using coocurence and isosegment matix. The best way of interpretation remain the visual analysis whose draws it inspiration from the technics of the photo-interpretation
Blidon, Marianne. "Distance et rencontre : éléments pour une géographie des homosexualités." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070045.
Повний текст джерелаIn the fields of urban sociology, homosexuality has been approached as a specific way of life that, on the one hand, makes use of specific urban faciMes, spots and districts and, on the other hand, is driven by residential preferences in the city centre, in order to escape presumably hostile environments such as rural settings and small cities. Such approaches assume that metropolitan settings are places of freedom, providing tolerance, preserving anonymity and allowing access to amenities. These understandings lead to an essentialize notion of the city and, moreover, to represent homosexuality as being inextricably related with the city. Indeed, as pointed by queer critics, such representations of the urban homosexual way of life correspond to the dominant white middle-class man. In this paper, we argue that a better start should be the very notion of a "discreditable social identity" in order to correctly grasp the emergence of specifically gay districts and amenities, stemming from the dominant (hetero)sexual norm, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, from the need to meet peers. A survey has been passed on a sample of 3 500 gays through an internet site. Results provide supportive evidence that age, skills and place of residence do not play a major role in differentiating representations and uses of gay facilities Furthermore, migration paths appear to be highly differentiated according to city size and number of steps. Tension between discretion - as a norm - and the need to meet peers is less frequently managed by distance from family environments, more frequently by a constant, daily, reappraisal of social distance
Gintrac, Cécile. "Au seuil critique de la ville : trois groupes de géographie engagée." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100134.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this dissertation is to study critical urban geography through three contemporary groups which claim to partake in it : Brazil’s GESP (Grupo de Estudos sobre São Paulo), Germany’s Kritische Geographie Berlin, and the international network of INURA (International Network for Urban Research and Action). This method is inspired by the science studies and implies studying what is being done just as much as whatever theoretical content is being produced. In this view, ideas exist only insofar as they are borne, carried out and broadcast by these groups. From the data collected, it is possible, by crosschecking, to define critical urban geography as « on the threshold » : between the normative and the descriptive, between theory and practice, at the margins of the academic and scientific fields. This research also purports to assess whether the bonds between these groups are strong enough to allow us to talk about a global current of thought
Abdellaoui, Mohamed El. "La Médina de Tétouan et son évolution récente : étude de géographie urbaine." Tours, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOUR4501.
Повний текст джерелаDietrich, Judicaëlle. "Une géographie de la pauvreté à Jakarta : Espaces de la pauvreté et places des pauvres dans une métropole contemporaine." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040147.
Повний текст джерелаBased on qualitative methodologies, this PhD dissertation proposes a geographical analysis of urban poverty, in one of the biggest city in the world. The urban region of Jakarta counts more than twenty millions of inhabitants. It comes up as the showcase for economic success in Indonesia and a node of globalization, where one could expect the level of poverty to have decreased. Yet, current urban dynamics contribute to unsettle urban spaces increasing the vulnerability of poor people. The examination of the concept of poverty through a geographical lens allows to grasp the diversity of social and spatial positions and positionnings, from the neighborhood level to the metropolitan area. It helps also to investigate how they compete with each other and are (re)negotiated and interwoven under the influence of power relations. More than the mere situation of poverty, this work is based on a cross-analysis of individual and collective trajectories and spatial transformations. Further than the issue of defining poverty, this thesis explores the role of representations and the interest of stakeholders in urban policies related to mainstream ideologies, such as urban neoliberalism. Finally, a comparison between different types of poverty’s spaces in Jakarta and in Bekasi shows the strong differences in space’s appropriations and space’s uses. Beyond the idea of dualization of the urban society, this study aims to highlight the segmented interests of citizens, according to their sense of being legitimate in the city and their sense of belonging to the city. This shows how much the geographical inquiry is political
Giraudo, Marie-Dominique. "Espace urbain : image mentale et déformation fonctionnelle." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10054.
Повний текст джерелаTime, distance (straight-line and travel distance) and location estimations allowed us to study the coding of spatial information, with emphasis on the structure and content of the coding and involved cognitive tools. In adults, space representation is closer to a form of representation built from actual displacements than to a map-like mental image. The representation is functionally distorted for and by action. Theorical and practical implications of this research are discussed, concerning in particular the automation of cognitive processes in space learning
Guillaume, Philippe. "Johannesburg : géographies de l'exclusion." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIML004.
Повний текст джерелаKamal, Hassan. "Urbanisation et développement d'une ville Phosphatière : l'exemple de Khouribga (Maroc)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010582.
Повний текст джерелаThere has been an ever increasing urbanization all aver the world for the last four decades. In morocco, like in many other developing countries urbanization is spreading fast. Khouribga has not been left intouched by this pehnomenon. We must point out however, that the urban development of this town has leen narrowly linked with the mining place in the world. Today, khouribga is faced with a serious housing crisis and insufficient maintenance services which have become the most accute symptoms of urban crisis. The proposals on a level the urban management are intended to provide an answer to the deterioration of the urban environment, to the housing crisis and to the endlessly repetitive architecture
Desnoilles, Richard. "L'Héroïsme urbain de Bordeaux et de Québec : construction imaginaire et opérationnalités urbaines." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25868/25868.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDorier-Apprill, Elisabeth. "Environnement et santé à Brazzaville, Congo : de l'écologie urbaine à la géographie sociale." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100030.
Повний текст джерелаHnaka, Atmane. "Taroudant et Ouled Teima : bipôle urbain du Souss (Maroc)." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR4501.
Повний текст джерелаEstèbe, Philippe. "L'usage des quartiers : action publique et géographie dans la politique de la ville (1989-1998)." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100116.
Повний текст джерелаDbiyat, Mohamed al. "Homs et Hama en Syrie centrale : bipole ou doublet urbain ?" Tours, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOUR1009.
Повний текст джерелаCentral syria is a relatively homogenous region. It is simultaneously dominated by two large cities : homs and hama. The two cities developed in an atmosphere of age-old rivalry. Over a long period of time, this evolution saw important changes. But, since the 1960s there has been a differentiated kind of growth, constantly in favour of homs. The latter city increasingly is asserting itself as the regional capital of central syria. Thus was launched a process of transformation from the fonctional bi-polar situation of homs and hama into a single urban doublet characterising the regional urban system. Now there is developing a bicephalous system. Homs is apparently the driving force of this system through its economic and demographic dynamism in contrast to the stagnation of hama. The final result of this differentiated evolution could be an urban system completely dominated by homs
Becue, Vincent. "Système d'aide à l'évaluation de la qualité de l'aménagement urbain durable intégrant l'exigence de la mixité des fonctions urbaines." Valenciennes, 2005. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6f77bb7c-b6bb-492b-836a-3c662c9667ce.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of commercial/industrial activities in the outskirts of the city, the desire for individual housing, and the expansion of commercial activity zones have resulted in cities that are functionally specialized and spatially widespread. Such urban sprawl must be controlled if the city is to become a sustainable entity. Cities must become more compact, and urban activities must be better distributed so as to reduce the amount of space required. Cities must succeed in providing high-quality diversified urban activities, which is one of the fundamental goals of sustainable urban development. What spatial organization of the city will make it possible to promote such sustainable urban development? What spatial scale is needed to support today's urban diversity? These are the questions which we endeavour to answer in this thesis. The method of evaluation developed for this research is based on five criterion families: density, proximity, polycentrality, landscape and mobility. These families are the basis for an evaluation model that will permit the above questions to be thoroughly investigated via the development of urban functional diversity plans designed to provide a more strategic vision for land use. To facilitate the implementation of our evaluation method, we propose an evaluation support system that exploits this model. The system combines a GIS software application and a multicriterion analysis method, with the goal of establishing sustainable municipal land use policies
Djament-Tran, Géraldine. "La reproduction de la centralité romaine de la "Ville Eternelle" à la capitale de l'Italie : essai de géohistoire urbaine." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070038.
Повний текст джерелаThis essay in geo-history examines the long-term permanency of the Etemal City's centrality, using an interdisciplinary methodology based on a systemic periodization and a comparison of the main territorial transitions that punctuate the city's trajectory. The early modem era renovation is thus contrasted with the bifurcation constituted by the passage of Rome to the status of capital of Italy. The debate on Rome capital (1861-1870) is analysed from a rereading of parliamentary acts, leading to an outline of a general geo-history of capitals. A third part assesses the evolution of the Capital effect and the various components of Roman centrality from 1871 to 2000. The thesis thus highlights reproductive spatial and territorial logics, more particularly characterised in the Roman case by the exploitation of the Ancient past and by the weight of the urban image. It also analyses their malfunctioning after 1870, due to the absence of real policy for the capital and the deterioration of its image. The thesis suggests the concept of spatial reproduction to account for the active rôle of space in social reproduction and for the dialectic of Same and Other which presides over geographical change
Dabi, Olivier. "Types de tissu urbain en banlieue parisienne, étude de géographie sociale." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131016.
Повний текст джерелаBefene-Bibang, Félix. "Etude urbaine d'Oyem : Ville du nord-Gabon." Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR30030.
Повний текст джерелаOyem, a northern gabonese town is located in woleu-ntem province it stratches over 1,300 hectares on an area of hills, ridges and streams. It is a former military post founded in 1904 and became town in 1962. Oyem has 18 districts now. The city center is not only the administrative center, but also the commercial and the residential one. The working-class districts made up of former traditional villages, are areas of anarchic land occupations and precarious buildings. Telephone, electricity and water networks are deficient there. Public high way is defective ans social equipments are not sufficient. All these problems require for oyem a plan of land occupation, a guiding urban planing with appropriated financial means. This town has 18,000 inhabitants. The native fang represent 83% of the population. The whole population is composed of 63% of teen-agers, 52% of women and 10% of unemployed people. Woleu-ntem agricultural area produces 110,000 tons of supplies and 3,500 tons of cocoa and coffee a year. Small and middle-size industries, trades and transportations are underdeveloped and not well organized. Thanks to its services and administrative equipments, oyem is the county-town of the whole northern gabon
Shatterian, Mohsen. "Mutations géographiques dans l'Iran central : l'exemple de Kashan et sa région (le rôle structurant des activités artisanales)." Cergy-Pontoise, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CERG0067.
Повний текст джерелаGhekière, Jean-François. "Les mécanismes spatiaux du vieillissement démographique dans la ville : le cas de l'agglomération lilloise." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50377-1996-207.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe growth of ageing forecast for the early xxist century gives a new geographical dimension to the phenomenon. Urban spaces are inevitably affected. Until now, the demographic ageing had been exclusively concentrated within the agglomerations. However, during the last inter-census period, it has seemed to move toward the close periphery. Our thesis aims at determining the causes of this move. Does it result from urban expansion ? Have the young adults who successively settled at the agglomeration edges, stay at the same places as they grew older ? In this case, demographic ageing would affect the city cores and the next the farther and farther periphery. Moreover, what is the impact of the migration of elderly people on the phenomenon ? Our analysis seeks to specify the interrelations between the urban dynamics and the changes in the age structure
Lteif, Carine. "L’agriculture de la région beyrouthine au prisme des terres waqf (Liban) : une géographie foncière des logiques agricoles." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30006/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the Mediterranean countries, agriculture linked to city knows various dynamics, between renewal and decline. In Lebanon, agriculture extends over small surface areas and is limited by steep terrain. Moreover, the country suffers from weak planning policies that do not address its agriculture, especially that found in urban contexts. Yet, agriculture persists in the city. In this thesis, we explore agriculture linked to the city in the light of a right that is specific to the Arab region, the waqf. We depart from the following hypothesis: waqf properties allow to maintain, if not to develop, agriculture related to the city. Adopting a multiscale approach, we examine agriculture on waqf at the level of sites, as well as production units, and draw a geography, rather a land geography based on agricultural actors’ logic or logiques agricoles in french.According to our results, waqf lands are quite present in the Beirut region. Agricultural waqf are more resilient- than private lands- to urbanization, especially when found on convent sites located in the peri-urban area of Beirut. If the objective underlying the constitution of a waqf is the immobilization of goods for usages generating revenues for pious actions, still we can distinguish different types of waqf: family, charitable but also religious waqf, especially Christian religious waqf, whose income is used to support the servants of the Church and the fulfillment of religious actions. Management of community waqf, abundant in the study area, differs among religious communities: it is centralized among Greek-orthodox, Sunnis and Catholics in the case of church waqf, and decentralized among Shiites and Catholics in the case of convent waqf. If agricultural leasing and sharecropping are possible on waqf lands, they are ruled by contracts extending over 3, 6, 9 years among Catholics, and varying according to the agricultural project among the Orthodox, which grants a greater land security than which found on private lands (annually renewed contracts). Various agricultural forms can be found on waqf: market gardening, fruit trees, breeding and processing (direct tenure by clergymen) but also hydroponics, nurseries and special crops (indirect tenure of lands, leasing), whereas on private lands we find market gardening and more and more nurseries. Identified agricultural logics show a revival of agriculture on waqf lands borrowing different trajectories and maintaining various links to the city.Finally, the waqf, despite their social vocation, do not appear as commons nor as private properties. They are rather driven by their own communitarian logic
Boffet, Annabelle. "Méthode de création d'informations multi-niveaux : pour la généralisation cartographique de l'urbain." Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0118.
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