Дисертації з теми "Genetic correlation analysis"
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Habib, Farhat Abbas. "Genotype-phenotype correlation using phylogenetic trees." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1187297400.
Повний текст джерелаAlbertsdóttir, Elsa. "Genetic analysis of competition traits in Icelandic horses /." Uppsala : Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/10360486.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Nagar Ayman Gamal Fawzy. "Genetic analysis of longevity in specialized lines of rabbits." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/52390.
Повний текст джерела[ES] El objetivo global de la presente tesis fue estudiar la longevidad funcional en cinco líneas españolas de conejos (A, V, H y LP), el carácter se definió como la longitud de la vida productiva. En el Capítulo 3, dirigido a comprobar la heterogeneidad genética de la longevidad entre las 5 líneas, se estimaron las varianzas aditivas y sus correspondientes heredabilidades efectivas. Y además se evaluó la importancia del orden de la palpación positiva (OPP), el estado fisiológico (PS) y el número de gazapos nacidos vivos (NBA) sobre el determinismo genético de la longevidad. Para ello se utilizaron 4 modelos de Cox de riesgos proporcionales; el primer modelo (Modelo 1) incluyó todos los factores anteriores, además del efecto del año-estación, el efecto de la consanguinidad y, finalmente, el valor aditivo de los animales como efecto aleatorio. Los otros tres modelos fueron igual que el Modelo 1 pero excluyendo OPP (Modelo 2), o PS (Modelo 3), o NBA (Modelo 4). Los datos de longevidad estaban referidos a 15,670 conejas y tuvieron una tasa de censura de 35.6%. La genealogía completa involucró a 19,405 animales. Las estimas de heredabilidad efectiva para la longevidad en las 5 líneas fueron bajas y variaron de 0.02±0.01 a 0.14±0.09. A pesar de la gran variación de las estimas puntuales de heredabilidad, los correspondientes intervalos HPD95% siempre se solaparon y por lo tanto la hipótesis de que todas las líneas tengan la misma heredabilidad no pudo descartase. Se observó que la exclusión de PS incrementó la varianza aditiva aproximadamente, en un 51, 39, 38, 83 y 75% en las líneas A, V, H, LP y R, respectivamente. El riesgo de muerte o eliminación disminuía a medida que avanzaba el OPP, observándose el riesgo más alto durante los primeros dos partos, partos en los que las conejas todavía están creciendo lo que sería un factor de riesgo importante. El nivel No-Gestante-No-Lactante de PS tuvo el mayor riesgo. Este nivel se interpreta como indicador de baja fertilidad y/o problemas de salud de la coneja. Las conejas que tenían cero NBA tuvieron el mayor riesgo de muerte o eliminación, aunque para el resto de niveles de NBA se apreció una disminución del riesgo a medida que aumenta la prolificidad. En el capítulo 4, se estimaron las correlaciones genéticas y ambientales entre la longevidad y dos caracteres de prolificidad [número de gazapos nacidos vivos (NBA) y el número de destetados (NW)]. El fichero de datos incluyó 58,329 partos y 57,927 destetes. También se estimaron las correlaciones entre longevidad y el porcentaje de días que la coneja pasó en los diferentes estados fisiológicos con respecto a la totalidad de su vida productiva. La única línea para la que se puede decir que la correlación genética entre NBA o NW y el riesgo fue significativamente diferente de cero fue la línea LP. Hubo evidencias de correlaciones genéticas no despreciables entre la longevidad y el porcentaje de días que la hembra pasó en cada estado fisiológico los dos caracteres. En el capítulo 5 se compararon las longevidades medias de las 5 líneas en su fundación y en períodos de tiempo determinados. La comparación de las líneas en el origen, utilizó todos los datos y un modelo genético (CM) que incluía los valores aditivos de los animales. Para la comparación en tiempos fijos se utilizó el mismo modelo, pero excluyendo los efectos aditivos del modelo de análisis (IM), utilizando sólo los datos correspondientes a cada período, por lo que las diferencias entre las líneas incluían los cambios debidos a la selección. Las líneas V, H y LP mostraron una superioridad sustancial sobre las líneas A y R. Los riesgos relativos máximos se observaron entre las líneas LP y R (0.239), y entre LP y A (0.317). Con respecto a las comparaciones en tiempos fijos, el patrón de las diferencias entre la línea de A y las otras líneas fue similar a los observados en la fundación.
[CAT] L'objectiu global de la present tesi va ser estudiar la longevitat funcional en cinc línies espanyoles de conills (A, V, H i LP), el caràcter es va definir com la longitud de la vida productiva. Al Capítol 3, dirigit a comprovar l'heterogeneïtat genètica de la longevitat entre les 5 línies, es van estimar les variàncies additives i les seues corresponents heretabilitats efectives. A més a més, es va avaluar la importància de factors dependents del temps, com l'orde de la palpació positiva (OPP) , l'estat fisiològic (PS) i el nombre de llorigons nascuts vius (NBA) sobre el determinisme genètic de la longevitat. Per a això es van utilitzar 4 models de Cox de riscos proporcionals; el primer model (Model 1) va incloure tots els factors anteriorment assenyalats, a més de l'efecte de l'any-estació, l'efecte de la consanguinitat i, finalment, el valor additiu dels animals com a efecte aleatori. Els altres tres models van ser igual que el Model 1 però excloent l'OPP (Model 2) , o PS (Model 3) , o NBA (Model 4) . Les dades de longevitat estaven referides a 15,670 conilles i van tindre una taxa de censura de 35.6%. La genealogia completa va involucrar a 19,405 animals. Les estimes d'heretabilitat efectiva (Model 1) per a la longevitat en les 5 línies van ser baixes i van variar de 0.02±0.01 a 0.14±0.09. A pesar de la gran variació de les estimes puntuals d'heretabilitat, els corresponents intervals HPD95% sempre es van solapar i per tant la hipòtesi que totes les línies tinguen la mateixa heretabilitat no va poder descartar-se. Es va observar que l'exclusió de PS va incrementar la variància additiva, aproximadament, en un 51, 39, 38, 83 i 75% en les línies A, V, H, LP i R, respectivament. El risc de mort o eliminació disminuïa a mesura que avançava l'OPP, observant-se el risc més alt durant els primers dos parts, en què les conilles encara estan creixent el que seria un factor de risc important. El nivell No-Gestant-No-Lactant de PS va tindre el major risc en comparació amb els altres nivells. Les conilles que tenien zero NBA van tindre el major risc de mort o eliminació, encara que per a la resta de nivells de NBA es va apreciar una disminució del risc a mesura que augmentà la prolificitat. Al Capítol 4, es van estimar les correlacions genètiques i ambientals entre la longevitat i dos caràcters de prolificitat [nombre de llorigons nascuts vius (NBA) i el nombre de deslletats (NW)]. El fitxer de dades va incloure 58,329 parts i 57,927 deslletaments. L'única línia per a la que es pot dir que la correlació genètica entre NBA o NW i el risc va ser significativament diferent de zero va ser la línia LP. Evidències de correlacions genètiques no menyspreables entre longevitat i els percentatge de dies que la femella va passar en cada estat fisiològic. Al Capítol 5 es compararen les longevitats mitges de les 5 línies en la seua fundació i en períodes de temps determinats. Per a la comparació de les línies a l'origen, es van utilitzar totes les dades i un model genètic (CM) que incloïa els valors additius dels animals, per la qual cosa es va considerar l'efecte de la selecció a partir de la fundació. En la comparació en temps fixos se va utilitzar el mateix model que en l'anterior, però excloent els efectes additius del model d'anàlisi (IM), utilitzant només les dades corresponents a cada període, per la qual cosa les diferències entre les línies incloïen els canvis deguts a la selecció. Les línies V, H i LP van mostrar una superioritat substancial sobre les línies A i R. Els riscos relatius màxims es van observar entre les línies LP i R (0.239), i entre LP i A (0.317). Respecte a les comparacions en temps fixos, el patró de les diferències entre la línia de A i les altres línies va ser semblant als observats en la fundació.
El Nagar, AGF. (2015). Genetic analysis of longevity in specialized lines of rabbits [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/52390
TESIS
Li, Fang Owens Kevin G. "Development of a genetic algorithm-correlation analysis (GA/CA) program for classification of chemical compounds using mass spectral data /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2803.
Повний текст джерелаBeyene, Yoseph Aydagn. "Genetic analysis of traditional Ethiopian Highland Maize (Zea Mays L.) using molecular markers and morphological traits : implication for breeding and conservation." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30529.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (PhD (Genetics))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Genetics
unrestricted
Wang, Liang. "Innovative damage assessment of steel truss bridges using modal strain energy correlation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/53177/1/Liang_Wang_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAlarcón, Sergio Arciniegas. "Imputação de dados em experimentos com interação genótipo por ambiente: uma aplicação a dados de algodão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-11032009-150202/.
Повний текст джерелаThe multienvironment trials are a special type of the two-factor experiments, widely used in genetic improvement of plants, where some cultivars are assessed in diferent locations. Generally, in these studies there is a di¤erential response of cultivars in each location that is called genotype environment interaction, or G x E, which is well explained by the additive main e¤ects and multiplicative interaction models (AMMI). Often the experiments GE may be unbalanced and one or several genotypes were not tested in some locations. Sometimes for the environments recommendations, the researcher may be interested in obtain estimates of those combinations G x E that were not tested and such estimates can be calcu- lated using the information of those combinations that were actually obtained. Additionally to the interest of the researchers in these estimates, the missing data may cause some pro- blems in the classical estimation of parameters in the AMMI models, because the parameter estimation need of a sequential process doing an analysis of variance followed by a singular value decomposition, which can not be calculated if there is a matrix of interaction with missing data. To solve these problems Bergamo (2007) and Bergamo et al. (2008) proposed a new technique using the distribution free multiple imputation (IMLD), and for this reason was decided to evaluate the recent development through the comparison with some methods of imputation that have been used successfully in experiments GE with missing data like the AMMI estimates based on alternating least squares ALS(0), ALS(1) (CALINSKI et al. 1992) and AMMI estimates with robust sub-model r-AMMI1 and r-AMMI2 (DENIS; BARIL, 1992). Thus, was developed a simulation study based on a matrix of true data genotypes (15) environments (27) of the upland cotton variety trials (ensaio estadual de algodoeiro her- báceo) 2000/01 (FARIAS, 2005), doing missed random (10%, 20%, 30%), imputing the data and comparing the methods through the root mean square predictive di¤erence (RMSPD) of the true value, the Procrustes statistic and the Spearman´s ranks correlation coe¢ cient. Also was made an analysis on the choice of the multiplicative components of an AMMI model after imputation on the complete data sets (observed + imputed). The results of the simulation study has shown that according to the distribution of RMSPD standardized, the r-AMMI1 method is better than the IMLD. However, using the Procrustes statistic was found that imputing data matrix with ALS(0), is obtained the greatest similarity related to the true data matrix. The ve methods considered show high correlation between the true and the imputed missing values. Finally, is recommended using the imputation data for the estimation of the parameters of an AMMI model under the presence of missing data, but for choosing the number of multiplicative terms is preferable take the decision only on the observed information.
Saborío, Montero Alejandro. "Study of the Host Genetic Control over the Ruminal Microbiota and their Relationships with Methane Emissions in Dairy Cattle." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/172633.
Повний текст джерела[ES] El análisis del control genético del hospedador sobre su microbiota ha sido señalado recientemente como un tema prometedor en diferentes campos de estudio. La relación entre el holobionte hospedador-microbioma y los fenotipos en el ganado lechero podría conducir a nuevos conocimientos en los programas de selección genética. Dentro de esta tesis doctoral, se realizó la estimación y análisis a través de diferentes enfoques estadísticos con el objetivo de desentrañar el control genético del hospedador sobre la microbiota en ganado lechero. Además, se analizó el rasgo de concentración de metano como un fenotipo potencial para ser incluido en el programa de mejora de ganado lechero español. Mayor abundancia relativa de la mayoría de los eucariotas (principalmente protozoos ciliados y hongos) y algunas arqueas (Methanobrevibacter spp. Methanothermus spp. y Methanosphaera spp.) fueron factores de riesgo para ser clasificadas en la categoría alta. Se propuso un conjunto de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) de tipo recursivo dentro de un marco de Cadenas de Markov Monte Carlo (MCMC) para analizar conjuntamente la relación hospedador-metagenoma-fenotipo. Se estableció un modelo bivariado no-recursivo como punto de referencia. La heredabilidad de CH4 se estimó en 0,12 ± 0,01 en ambos modelos, recursivo y no recursivo. Asimismo, las estimaciones de heredabilidad para la abundancia relativa de los taxones se superpusieron entre los modelos y variaron entre 0.08 y 0.48. Las correlaciones genéticas entre la composición microbiana y el CH4 variaron de -0,76 a 0,65 en el modelo bivariado no recursivo y de -0,68 a 0,69 en el modelo recursivo. Doce matrices de relación de microbiota (K) fueron construidas a partir de diferentes métricas de distancia del microbioma, con el objetivo de comparar su desempeño dentro de un marco de estimación de componentes de varianza para CH4 y toda la microbiota. Análisis de simulación (n = 1000) y datos reales fueron desarrollados considerando cuatro modelos posibles: un modelo genómico aditivo (GBLUP), un modelo de microbioma (MBLUP), un modelo de efectos genéticos y microbioma (HBLUP) y un modelo de efectos de interacción genético, microbioma y genético × microbioma (HiBLUP). Un nuevo término "Holobiabilidad" fue definido para referirse a la proporción de la varianza atribuible a los efectos del holobionte hospedador-microbioma. Las estimaciones a partir de datos reales usando HiBLUP variaron dependiendo de la K utilizada y estuvieron entre 0.15-0.17, 0.15-0.21 y 0.42-0.59 para heredabilidad, microbiabilidad y holobiabilidad, respectivamente. El conjunto de datos de microbioma fue agregado a través de análisis de componentes principales (PCA), en pocos componentes principales (PCs) que fueron utilizados como aproximaciones del metagenoma central. Parte de la variabilidad condensada en estos PC está controlada por el genoma de la vaca, con estimaciones de heredabilidad para el primer PC (PC1) de ~ 0,30 en todos los niveles taxonómicos, con una gran probabilidad (> 83%) de que la distribución posterior sea > 0,20 y con un intervalo de mayor densidad posterior al 95% (95% HPD) no conteniendo cero. La mayoría de las estimaciones de correlación genética entre PC1 y metano fueron grandes (>0,70) en todos los niveles taxonómicos, con la mayor parte de la distribución posterior (> 82%) siendo > 0,50 y con su 95% HPD no conteniendo cero. Estos resultados sugieren que todo el metagenoma del rumen regula recursivamente las emisiones de metano en las vacas lecheras, y que tanto el CH4 como las composiciones de la microbiota están parcialmente controladas por el genotipo del hospedador. Las variables agregadas (PC) propuestas podrían ser usadas en programas de mejora de animales para reducir las emisiones de metano en las generaciones futuras.
[CA] L'anàlisi del control genètic de l'hoste sobre la seva microbiota s'ha assenyalat recentment com un tema prometedor en diferents camps d'estudi. La relació entre el holobiont hoste-microbioma i els fenotips en bovins de llet podria conduir a nous coneixements en els programes de cria. Dins d'aquest doctorat es van realitzar tesis, estimacions i anàlisis mitjançant diferents enfocaments estadístics amb l'objectiu de desentranyar el control genètic de l'hoste sobre la microbiota en bestiar lleter. A més, es va analitzar el tret de concentració de metà com a fenotip potencial a incloure en el programa espanyol de cria de bestiar lleter. La major abundància relativa de la majoria dels eucariotes (principalment protozous i fongs ciliats) i algunes arquees (Methanobrevibacter spp. Methanothermus spp i Methanosphera spp.) Van ser factors de risc per classificar-se en les categories altes. Es va proposar un conjunt de models d'equacions estructurals (SEM) de tipus recursiu dins d'un marc de cadena Markov Monte Carlo (MCMC) per analitzar conjuntament la relació hoste-metagenoma-fenotip. Es van establir models no recursius com a referència. L'heretabilitat del CH4 es va estimar en 0,12 ± 0,01 en ambdós models, recursius i no recursius. De la mateixa manera, les estimacions d'heretabilitat de l'abundància relativa dels tàxons es van superposar entre models i van oscil·lar entre 0,08 i 0,48. Les correlacions genètiques entre la composició microbiana i el CH4 van oscil·lar entre -0,76 i 0,65 en els models bivariables no recursius i de -0,68 a 0,69 en els models recursius. Dotze matrius de relació de microbiota (K) de diferents mètriques de distància de microbiomes, amb l'objectiu de comparar el seu rendiment dins d'un marc d'estimació de components de variància per CH4 i anàlisi de microbiomes sencers en simulació (n = 1000, 25 rèpliques) i es van realitzar dades reals , considerant quatre possibles models: un model genòmic additiu (GBLUP), un model de microbioma (MBLUP), un model d'efectes genètics i microbiomes (HBLUP) i un model d'efectes d'interacció genètics, microbiomes i genètics × microbiomes (HiBLUP). Es va definir un nou terme "Holobiabilitat" per referir-se a la proporció de la variància fenotípica atribuïble als efectes holobiont del microbioma host. Les estimacions de dades reals mitjançant HiBLUP van variar en funció de la K utilitzada i van oscil·lar entre 0,15-0,17, 0,15-0,21 i 0,42-0,59 per heretabilitat, microbiabilitat i holobiabilitat, respectivament. El conjunt de dades de microbiomes es va agregar mitjançant l'anàlisi de components principals (PCA) en pocs components principals (PC) que es van utilitzar com a proxies del metagenoma principal. Part de la variabilitat condensada en aquestes PC està controlada pel genoma de la vaca, amb estimacions d'heretabilitat per a la primera PC (PC1) de ~ 0,30 a tots els nivells taxonòmics, amb una gran probabilitat (> 83%) de la distribució posterior> 0,20 i amb un 95% més alt interval de densitat posterior (95% HPD) que no conté zero. La majoria de les estimacions de correlació genètica entre PC1 i metà eren grans (>0,70) en tots els nivells taxonòmics, amb una gran part de la distribució posterior (> 82%)> 0,50 i amb un 95% de HPD que no contenia zero. Aquests resultats suggereixen que tot el metagenoma del rumen regula recursivament les emissions de metà en vaques lleteres i que tant el CH4 com les composicions de microbiota estan parcialment controlades pel genotip de l'hoste. Les variables agregades proposades (PC) es podrien utilitzar en programes de cria d'animals per reduir les emissions de metà en les generacions futures.
[EN] The analysis of the host genetic control over its microbiota has recently been pointed out as a promising theme in different fields of study. The relationship between the host-microbiome holobiont and phenotypes in dairy cattle could lead to new insights in breeding programs. Within this Ph.D. thesis, estimation and analysis through different statistical approaches were performed aiming to unravel the host genetic control over the microbiota in dairy cattle. Besides, methane concentration trait was analyzed as a potential phenotype to be included in the Spanish dairy cattle breeding program. Higher relative abundance of most eukaryotes (mainly ciliate protozoa and fungi) and some archaea (Methanobrevibacter spp. Methanothermus spp and Methanosphera spp.) were risk factors for being classified in the high categories. a set of structural equation models (SEMs) of a recursive type within a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework was proposed to jointly analyze the host-metagenome-phenotype relationship. Non-recursive models were set as benchmark. Heritability of CH4 was estimated at 0.12 ± 0.01 in both, the recursive and non-recursive, models. Likewise, heritability estimates for the relative abundance of the taxa overlapped between models and ranged between 0.08 and 0.48. Genetic correlations between the microbial composition and CH4 ranged from -0.76 to 0.65 in the non-recursive bivariate models and from -0.68 to 0.69 in the recursive models. Regardless of the statistical model used, positive genetic correlations with methane were estimated consistently for the 7 genera pertaining to the Ciliophora phylum, as well as for those genera belonging to the Euryarchaeota (Methanobrevibacter sp.), Chytridiomycota (Neocallimastix sp.) and Fibrobacteres (Fibrobacter sp.) phyla. Twelve microbiota relationship matrices (K) from different microbiome distance metrics were built, aiming to compare its performance within a variance component estimation framework for CH4 and whole microbiome analysis on simulation (n = 1000, 25 replicates) and real data were performed, considering four possible models: an additive genomic model (GBLUP), a microbiome model (MBLUP), a genetic and microbiome effects model (HBLUP) and a genetic, microbiome and genetic × microbiome interaction effects model (HiBLUP). A new term "Holobiability" was defined to refer to the proportion of the phenotypic variance attributable to the host-microbiome holobiont effects. Estimates from real data using HiBLUP varied depending on the K used and ranged between 0.15-0.17, 0.15-0.21 and 0.42-0.59 for heritability, microbiability and holobiability, respectively. The microbiome dataset was aggregated through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) into few principal components (PCs) that were used as proxies of the core metagenome. Part of the variability condensed in these PCs is controlled by the cow genome, with heritability estimates for the first PC (PC1) of ~0.30 at all taxonomic levels, with a large probability (>83%) of the posterior distribution being > 0.20 and with the 95% highest posterior density interval (95%HPD) not containing zero. Most genetic correlation estimates between PC1 and methane were large (>0.70) at all taxonomic levels, with most of the posterior distribution (>82%) being >0.50 and with its 95%HPD not containing zero. These results suggest that rumen's whole metagenome recursively regulate methane emissions in dairy cows, and that both CH4 and the microbiota compositions are partially controlled by the host genotype. The purposed aggregated variables (PCs) could be used in animal breeding programs to reduce methane emissions in future generations.
This research was financed by RTA2015-00022-C03-02 (METALGEN) project from the national plan of research, development and innovation 2013-2020 and the Department of Economic Development and Competitiveness (Madrid, Spain). We thank the regional Holstein Associations and farmers collaborating in the project. Computational support from the High-Performance Computing Centre in Galicia (Spain) is acknowledged. Alejandro Saborío-Montero acknowledges the scholarship from Universidad de Costa Rica for his doctorate studies which partially conducted to the progress of this study.
Saborío Montero, A. (2021). Study of the Host Genetic Control over the Ruminal Microbiota and their Relationships with Methane Emissions in Dairy Cattle [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/172633
TESIS
Compendio
Garcia, Marisol Peña. "Análise dos modelos AMMI bivariados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-11022009-080418/.
Повний текст джерелаIs frequently nd in the studies the two way factor analysis, each factor with dierent number of levels, they conform a two way table of data, generally the analysis of the data is made with the analysis of variance - ANOVA, satisfying some assumptions, but there are some studies in which is very important the interaction, like the case of the improvement studies, where the objetive is select genotypes with optimum performance in dierents environments. The poor eciency in the genotypes and environment interaction (GE) analysis of the ANOVA can represents a problem for the researchers, that need to take advantage of the interaction. The additive main eects and multiplicative interactions model - AMMI, give advantages in the selection of genotypes when is compare with traditional methods, because give a better interaction (GE) analysis, also permit combine additive and multiplicative components in the same model, these models have demonstrated be ecient in the analysis with just one response variable but when there is more than one there is not a clear procedure to do the analysis. This work presents a analysis methodology for the bivariate AMMI models, doing individuals analysis in the response variables follow by the procrustes, which permit compare the results of the individuals analysis, and nally a conrmation of theses results with the multivariate analysis of variance - MANOVA. From the results can be concluded that the AMMI and the procrustes analysis give a good alternative for the bivariate AMMI models analysis.
Leite, Carla Daniela Suguimoto [UNESP]. "Efeitos genéticos e ambientais sobre o intervalo desmame-cio em fêmeas suínas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92600.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A seleção baseada em características reprodutivas tem sido muito empregada em programas de melhoramento genético de suíno. Assim, objetivaram-se avaliar os efeitos ambientais e genéticos que influenciam o intervalo desmame-cio (IDC) e verificar sua influência no número de nascidos total (TL), nascidos vivos (NV) e mortos (NM) em fêmeas suínas. Para análise dos efeitos ambientais, utilizaram-se 8.104 dados da 1ª a 6ª ordem de parição, e, para as estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos, apenas as informações do 1º ao 3º IDC, o que resultou em 6.548 observações, que foram analisadas pelo método REML, utilizando-se modelos uni e multicaracterística. Para este último, considerou-se cada IDC (1º, 2º e 3º) como uma característica distinta. Avaliaram-se, também, as correlações genéticas entre o IDC, TL, NM e idade ao primeiro parto (IPP). Para os fatores ambientais, o modelo incluiu como efeitos fixos rebanho, linhagem, ano (AP) e estação (EP) de parto, e as covariáveis idade da porca ao parto (IDPP), TL e duração da lactação (DL). A DL, na forma linear, e a IDPP, na forma quadrática, influenciaram o IDC. Rebanho, AP e EP foram fontes de variação significativas, enquanto TL e linhagem não o foram. Não foi observada influência do IDC sobre TL, NV, nem sobre NM. A herdabilidade estimada para o IDC pelo modelo de repetibilidade foi baixa. As correlações genéticas entre os IDC (1º, 2º e 3º) foram de moderada a baixa magnitude, evidenciando que o modelo multicaracterística é mais indicado para as estimativas de parâmetro genético nessa população. As correlações genéticas entre IDC, TL e NM, assim como IDC e IPP foram favoráveis à seleção.
Selection for reproductive traits has been largely used in swine breeding programs. The aims of this study were to evaluate environmental and genetic effects that affect the weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI) in sows and to assess their influence on litter size (LS), number of live born (LP) and dead born piglets (DP). Data consisting of 8,104 WEI from the 1st to 6th farrowing recorded in two herds were used for environmental analysis, but for estimating the genetic parameters only data from the 1st to 3rd farrowing were used, totalling 6,548 records. Genetic analysis was performed using the REML method with single and multitrait models, where each WEI was considered as a different trait. Genetic correlations among WEI, LS, DP and age at first farrowing (AFF) were also estimated using a multitrait model. For the environmental analysis, the model included as fixed effects the herd, line, and year (YF) and season (SF) of farrowing, and as covariates the sow’s age at farrowing (SAF), LS, and lactation length (LL). The effects were linear for LL and quadratic for SAF. The herd, YF and SF were important sources of variation, whereas LS and line were not significant. There were no effects of WEI on the litter traits (LS, LP and DP). The heritability estimated for WEI was low, and genetic correlations among its different intervals were of moderate to low magnitude, evidencing that a multitrait model was more indicated for estimating the genetic parameters for this trait in this population. The genetic correlations between WEI and LS, DP and AFF would be favourable in a selection.
Santos, Alessandra dos. "Design and analysis of sugarcane breeding experiments: a case study." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-06102017-103933/.
Повний текст джерелаUm dos propósitos dos programas de melhoramento genético é a seleção de novos clones melhores (novos materiais). A acurácia de seleção pode ser melhorada usando delineamentos ótimos e modelos bem ajustados. Porém, descobrir isso não é fácil, especialmente, em experimentos grandes que possuem mais de cem clones sem a possibilidade de repetição devido à limitação de material, área e custos elevados, dadas as poucas repetições de parcelas com variedades comerciais (testemunhas) e o número de parâmetros de complexa variância estrutural que necessitam ser assumidos. Os principais objetivos desta tese foram modelar 21 experimentos de cana de açúcar fornecidos pelo Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira (CTC - empresa brasileira de cana de açúcar) e avaliar o delineamento empregado, o qual usa um número grande de clones não repetidos e testemunhas sistematicamente repetidas. O modelo linear misto foi usado, identificando três principais componentes de variação espacial nos erros de parcelas e efeitos de competição, em nível genético e residual. Os clones foram assumidos de efeitos aleatórios e as testemunhas de efeitos fixos, pois vieram de processos diferentes. As análises individuais e conjuntas foram desenvolvidas neste material pois os experimentos puderam ser agrupados em dois tipos: (i) um delineamento longitudinal (duas colheitas) e (ii) cinco grupos de experimentos (cada grupo uma região com três locais). Para os estudos de delineamentos, um tamanho fixo de experimento foi assumido para se avaliar a eficiência do delineamento não replicado (empregado nesses 21 experimentos) com os não replicados otimizado espacialmente, os parcialmente replicados com testemunhas e os parcialmente replicados otimizado espacialmente. Quatro estudos de simulação foram feitos para avaliar i) os modelos ajustados, sob condições de efeito de competição em nível genético, ii) a acurácia das estimativas vindas dos modelos de análise individual e conjunta; iii) a relação entre tombamento da cana e a correlação residual negativa, e iv) a eficiência dos delineamentos. Para concluir, as principais informações utilizadas nos estudos de simulação foram: o número de vezes que o algoritmo convergiu; a variância na estimativa dos parâmetros; a correlação entre os EBLUPs genético direto e os efeitos genéticos reais; a assertividade de seleção ou a semelhança média, sendo semelhança medida como a porcentagem dos 30 clones com os maiores EBLUPS genético e os 30 melhores verdadeiros clones; e a estimativa da herdabilidade ou do ganho genético.
Mattar, Maira [UNESP]. "Interação genótipo-ambiente para peso ao sobreano na raça Canchim." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104933.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A presença de interação genótipo-ambiente é caracterizada pela resposta diferente de genótipos às variações ambientais, e pode ocasionar alteração na classificação de desempenho dos genótipos em diferentes ambientes. Assim é de fundamental importância sua investigação para se obter maior precisão na seleção dos animais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença de interação genótipo−ambiente para peso ao sobreano em bovinos da raça Canchim criados no Brasil no período de 1989 a 2000. As metodologias utilizadas foram: 1-comparação de dois modelos: com e sem o efeito não correlacionado touro−ambiente; 2-correlação genética entre o peso ao sobreano em diferentes ambientes; 3-correlação de Pearson e de Spearman entre os valores genéticos dos animais obtidos nos diferentes ambientes, em análises uni e multicaráter; e 4-normas de reação dos animais sobre um gradiente ambiental, obtidas por regressão aleatória. Os ambientes estudados nas metodologias 1, 2 e 3 foram quatro regiões do Brasil (1-Paraná, 2-São Paulo, 3-Minas Gerais e 4- Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul) e três grupos de municípios do Estado de São Paulo, formados por técnica estatística multivariada para definir grupos de ambientes por meio de variáveis climáticas. Para a metodologia 4, o gradiente ambiental foi obtido por meio das soluções de grupo de contemporâneos. Os modelos utilizados nos métodos 1, 2 e 3 incluíram efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos e de idade ao sobreano como covariável, e os efeitos aleatórios aditivos diretos e residuais. Para o método 4, o modelo incluiu o efeito fixo de idade ao sobreano como covariável, os efeitos aleatórios de grupo de contemporâneos e efeitos genéticos aditivo do intercepto e da inclinação da norma de reação. Os resultados indicaram diferenças nos modelos comparados (com e sem o efeito touro−ambiente)...
The genotype-environment interaction presence is characterized by different answers of genotypes to ambient variations, and can cause changes in the classification of the genotypes performances in different environments. The objective in this study was to investigate the presence of genotype – environment interaction for post-yearling weight of Canchim cattle raised in Brazil in the period of 1989 to 2000. The methodologies used were: 1-comparison of two models: with and without the uncorrelated sire−environment effect; 2-genetic correlation between postyearling weight in different environments; 3- Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations between animal’s breeding values in different environments in one and multitrait analyses; and 4- reaction norms of animals on environmental gradient obtained by random regression. The environments investigated in methods 1, 2 and 3 were four regions of Brazil (1-State of Paraná, 2- State of São Paulo, 3- State of Minas Gerais, and 4- States of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul) and three city clusters of the State of São Paulo, formed by multivariate methods to define homogeneous environments of production through climatic variables. For method 4 the environmental gradient was obtained through solutions of contemporary groups. The models used in methods 1, 2 and 3 included fixed effects and random additive direct and residual effects. The model for method 4 included the fixed effect of post-yearling age as covariate, the random effect of contemporary group, and the random additive genetic effecs of intercept and inclination of the reaction norms. The results indicated that differences in the models compared (with and without sire−environment effect), low genetic correlations (0.07 to 0.51) among post-yearling weight in different environments, reclassification of the animals in environments, a scale effect in reaction norms... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Júnior, Mário Luiz Santana. "Interação genótipo-ambiente em bovinos de corte compostos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-17112011-094920/.
Повний текст джерелаThe objectives of this study were to characterize and define homogenous production environments of composite beef cattle in Brazil in terms of climatic and geographic variables using multivariate exploratory techniques; to evaluate the presence of genotype by environment interaction (GxE) for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), postweaning gain (PWG), scrotal circumference (SC) and muscling. Nonhierarchical cluster analysis was used to group farms located in regions with similar environmental variables into clusters. Six clusters of farms were formed. The effect of sire-cluster interaction was tested by single-trait analysis. The inclusion of sire-cluster interaction in the genetic evaluation model may not result in better fit to the data for BW, WW and SC. Genetic parameters were estimated by multiple-trait analysis considering the same trait to be different in each cluster. The heritability coefficient in the clusters for BW, WW, PWG, SC and muscling ranged from 0.15 to 0.25; 0.16 to 0.25; 0.10 to 0.20; 0.17 to 0.31 and 0.17 to 0.24, respectively. The genetic correlations ranged from 0.19 to 0.90 for BW, -0.02 to 0.92 for WW, 0.31 to 0.93 for PWG, 0.64 a 0.89 for SC and 0.18 to 0.80 for muscling in the clusters of farms. The different heritability estimates between groups of farms indicates that the response to selection varies with the environment in which animals are selected. The low genetic correlations between traits in the different regions demonstrated the presence of GxE, indicating that the best sires in a certain region are not the same for the other regions. A reaction norm hierarchical model using Bayesian approach was also used for estimation of variance components, genetic parameters and to verify the existence of GxE. Environmental gradients based in solutions for the effect of contemporary groups for BW, WW, PWG and SC were -6.45 to +4.75 kg, -65 kg to +65, -72 to +112 kg and -6.5 to +5.5 cm, respectively. Heritability estimates were increasing in the environmental gradient, BW (0.04 to 0.55), WW (0.39 to 0.47), PWG (0.01 to 0.43) and SC (0.21 to 0.23). The correlation between the level and slope of reaction norm for BW and PWG was of high magnitude, indicating that animals of higher average breeding value were the ones which presented a best response to environmental improvement, characterizing a scale effect on GxE. For WW and SC, the correlation between intercept and slope was low implying reranking of animals in different environments. The reaction norm hierarchical model has been useful to describe changes in the variance components due to the environment and to describe the presence of GxE traits in composite beef cattle. There is genetic variation with respect to the sensitivity of the animals, which enables the selection of genotypes most plastics or more robust.
Dabbert, Timothy A. "Genetic Analysis of Cotton Evaluated under High Temperature and Water Deficit." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338975.
Повний текст джерелаFerreira, Manoel Dênis Costa. "Análise inversa utilizando o método dos elementos de contorno e correlação de imagens digitais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-25092012-084832/.
Повний текст джерелаThe identification of physical and geometrical parameters utilizing experimental measurements is a common procedure in treating many problems of science and engineering. In this context, the inverse analysis is an important tool in treating these problems. This work presents formulations that associate the use of boundary element method (BEM) and the technique of digital image correlation (DIC) (for obtaining the displacement fields) in solving some inverse problems of interest to Structure Engineering. A computer code based on the BEM, on regularization techniques and genetic algorithm has been implemented for the treatment of problems such as Identification of material properties, recovery of boundary conditions and identification of cohesive model parameters. Examples with data from a previous direct analysis (simulating experimental data) are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulations. Three point flexural tests with notch were performed and images were acquired to obtain the displacement fields on one lateral surface of the samples, via DIC. These displacement fields were used to feed the inverse model proposed. The DIC technique resulted in quantitative and accurate data for the purposes of this study. The use of the BEM proved to be simple and efficient in solving the inverse problems treated.
Nemutandani, Khetho Ratshilumela. "Genetic analysis of body weight at different ages in the Grootfontein Merino Stud." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64181.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
MSc (Agric)
Unrestricted
Bouwens, C. S. H. "Analysis of hereditary haemochromatosis and clinical correlations in the elderly." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51584.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive iron storage disease where the accumulation of iron in parenchymal organs may lead to diabetes, heart failure, liver cirrhosis, arthropathy, weakness and a variety of other ailments if preventive measures are not taken. HH is often not considered as a cause of these conditions, particularly not in the elderly where the background frequencies of type II diabetes, osteoarthritis and heart failure are generally high. Heterozygosity for C282Y, the HFE-mutation causing HH in approximately 80% of affected individuals worldwide, has been linked to a raised incidence of malignancies of the colon and rectum, stomach and the haematological system. One of the highest carrier-frequencies (116) in the world for this mutation has been reported in the South-African Afrikaner population, resulting in C282Y-homozygosity in approximately 1 in every 115 people in this group. A sample of 197 elderly Afrikaner volunteers was recruited for genotype/phenotype association studies. Their clinical presentation was denoted, biochemical iron-status determined and HFE genotyping performed. Either an increase or decrease in survival, or both, were proposed, depending on possible gender effects. HH has been positively associated with various cancer types, but may also protect against iron-deficiency anaemia which is by far the most frequent cause of anaemia in the older person. This study has led to the following findings: 1. The carrier frequency of mutation C282Y was found to be 1/8 in the elderly population (similar in males and females), which is slightly lower than the 1/6 reported in younger adults from the same population. Only one C282Y homozygote and two C282YIH63D compound heterozygotes were detected, all of them female. 2. The prevalence of diabetes, heart disease, arthropathy or a combination of these conditions did not differ significantly in C282Y heterozygotes and the mutationnegative group. 3. Among 24 C282Y heterozygotes only one individual with rectal carcmoma was detected compared with two cases with rectal- and seven with colonic malignancies in 153 mutation-negative individuals. The single female C282Y homozygote identified suffered from both rectal and colon carcinoma and died approximately 6 months ago as a consequence of her colon malignancy. 4. Serum ferritin appears to be a highly unreliable parameter of iron status, particularly in the elderly where a variety of factors that may influence the levels are often present in elderly individuals. This may be due to ageing alone or as a result of multiple comorbidities. 5. Serum ferritin levels were lower than expected in elderly subjects with mutation C282Y and compound heterozygotes with both C282Y and H63D, which may be related to a variable penetrance of the HFE gene mutations. It is possible that variation in other genes exist that confer protection against iron-loading by gene-gene interaction. The probability that environmental factors (e.g. a low iron diet) are more important in this respect cannot be excluded, although this is considered less likely in the light of the fact that the same trend was observed in all mutation-positive elderly individuals. It is therefore highly likely that C282Y -positive subjects with significant iron loading have died before reaching their seventies, particularly since none of the males included in this study were homozygous or compound heterozygous for the mutations analysed. In conclusion, possession of a mutant HFE gene does not appear to confer a survival advantage in old age, neither does it seem that mutation carriers with significant ironloading are overlooked by the medical fraternity. Further investigations are warranted to shed more light on the contributions of gene-gene and gene-environment interaction in the clinical manifestation of Hll, and how these processes can be manipulated to prevent the symptoms of this largely underdiagnosed disease.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oorerflike hemochromatose (OH) is 'n outosomaal resessiewe yster-oorladingssiekte waar akkumulasie van yster in parenkimale organe kan lei tot suikersiekte, hartversaking, lewer sirrose, artropatie, moegheid en 'n verskeidenheid van ander probleme indien voorkomende maatreëls nie getref word nie. OH word gewoonlik nie oorweeg as moontlike oorsaak vir hierdie toestande nie, veral nie in ouer mense nie waar die agtergrond-frekwensie van tipe II diabetes, osteoartritis en hartversaking in elk geval hoog is. Heterosigositeit vir die HFE mutasie C282Y, wat OH veroorsaak in ongeveer 80% van geaffekteerde gevalle wêreldwyd, is geassosieer met 'n verhoogde voorkoms van kanker van die kolon, rektum, maag en ook die hematologiese sisteem. Van die hoogste draer frekwensies ter wêreld vir hierdie mutasie (1/6) is gevind in die Afrikaner populasie van Suid-Afrika, wat daarop dui dat 1 uit elke 115 mense in die groep homosigoties vir die C282Y mutasie kan wees. Eenhonderd sewe-en-negentig bejaarde Afrikaner vrywilligers het aan die studie deelgeneem wat daarop gemik was om genotipe/fenotipe korrelasies uit te voer. Die kliniese beeld van elke individu is gedokumenteer, die yster status biochemies bepaal en HFE genotipering uitgevoer. Die a priori veronderstelling was dat oorlewing sou toeneem of afneem, of beide, afhangende van die geslag van die individu. Daar is voorheen 'n verband gevind tussen OH en die ontwikkeling van bogenoemde maligniteite, maar aan die ander kant kan dit moontlik ook beskerm teen anemie as gevolg van yster gebrek, wat juis die mees algemene oorsaak van anemie in die ouer persoon is. Hierdie studie het tot die volgende bevindings gelei: 1. Die draer frekwensie van mutasie C282Y was 1/8 in die bejaardes (dieselfde in mans en vrouens), wat effens laer is as die 1/6 wat gerappoteer is in jonger volwassenes. Slegs een C282Y homosigoot en twee C282YIH63D saamgestelde heterosigote is opgespoor, en al drie was vroulik. 2. Die voorkoms van suikersiekte, hartsiekte, gewrigspyne of 'n kombinasie van hierdie aandoenings het nie betekenisvol verskil tussen die C282Y heterosigote en die mutasienegatiewe groep nie. 3. Daar was slegs een persoon met rektum karsinoom in die groep van 24 bejaarde C282Y heterosigote, terwyl daar twee gevalle met rektum kanker en sewe gevalle met kolon kanker gevind is onder die 153 mutasie-negatiewe individue. Die enkele vroulike C282Y homosigoot wat opgespoor is het beide rektum- en kolonkanker gehad en is ongeveer 6 maande vóór voltooing van die tesis oorlede aan haar kolon karsinoom. 4. Dit wil voorkom asof serum ferritien veral in bejaardes 'n hoogs onbetroubare maatstaf is vir yster status, aangesien dit deur 'n verskeidenheid faktore beïnvloed word wat dikwels in bejaardes aanwesig is as gevolg van veroudering of veelvuldige komorbiditeite. 5. Die serum ferritien vlakke was laer as verwag in sowel die bejaarde C282Y-homosigoot as in die twee saamgestelde heterosigote met mutasies C282Y en H63D, wat moonlik die gevolg is van die wisselende graad van penetrasie van HFE mutasies. Dit is moontlik dat variasie in ander gene beskerming bied teen yster-oorlading deur middel van geen-geen interaksie. Die moontlikheid dat omgewingsfaktore (soos 'n lae-yster dieet) 'n belangrike rol speel in hierdie verband kan nie uitgesluit word nie, hoewel dit minder waarskynlik lyk te wees in die lig van die feit dat dieselfde neiging waargeneem is in alle mutasie-positiewe bejaardes. Die kans is dus redelik groot dat individue met die C282Y mutasie en betekenisvolle yster oorlading oorlede is voordat hulle die sewentiger jare kon bereik, veral omdat geeneen van die mans wat ingesluit is in die studie homosigoot of 'n saamgestelde heterosigoot was vir die mutasies wat geanaliseer is nie. Opsommend wil dit voorkom asof die teenwoordigheid van 'n mutante HFE geen nie 'n beter oorlewingskans bied op ouer leeftyd nie, en dit blyk ook dat mutasie draers met betekenisvolle ysteroorlading nie deur dokters misgekyk word nie. Verdere navorsing is nodig om meer lig te werp op die bydrae van geen-geen- en geen-omgewing interaksie in die kliniese manifestasie van OH, en ook hoe hierdie prosesse gemanipuleer kan word om die simptome van hierdie onder -gediagnoseerde siekte te voorkom.
Matos-Miranda, Claudia. "Identification, phenotype correlation and functional analysis of novel mutations in Arylsulfatase E in patients with X-linked recessive brachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata phenotype." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103762.
Повний текст джерелаLa chondrodysplasia ponctuée brachytelephalangique liée à l'X récessive (CDPX1) est un trouble du développement des os caractérisée cliniquement par la chondrodysplasia ponctuée (CDP), la hypoplasie nasomaxillaire et la brachytelephalangie. Il y a un large éventail de sévérité clinique chez les sujets masculins touchés. CDPX1 est causée par une carence héréditaire de l'Aryl-sulfatase E (ARSE), une enzyme de l'appareil de Golgi dont le substrat naturel est inconnu et est inhibée par la warfarine, un médicament qui réduit les niveaux de vitamine K. Néanmoins, près de la moitié des patients présentant des phénotypes CDPX1 n'ont pas de mutations d'ARSE identifiables. Bien que cela pourrait être dû à des mutations non détectées ou à une hétérogénéité génétique, certains pourraient être phénocopies dues à une carence fœtale en vitamine K durant le premier trimestre de la grossesse. Cela a été observé avec l'utilisation maternelle de la warfarine et la maladie de l'intestin grêle chez la mère, la pancréatite et vomissements incoercibles sévères, conduisant à croire que la carence en vitamine K fœtale pourrait inhiber une enzyme ARSE normale, générant ainsi des phénocopies CDPX1. Depuis 2008, avec l'aide du programme CETT (Collaboration Education and Test Translation program) pour la CDPX1, 20 nouvelles variations dans ARSE et 24 phénocopies potentielles ont été identifiées. Les données cliniques sur tous les patients évalués ont été recueillies et analysées. Afin de déterminer l'effet des variations sur la fonction des protéines, toutes les constructions de mutant ARSE ont été conçues et exprimées de façon transitoire dans les cellules COS1. L'activité d'ARSE a été mesurée en utilisant le substrat fluorogénique artificiel, 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate. Les résultats ont montré que (1) la fréquence de l'identification de mutation d'ARSE chez les patients ayant le phénotype CDPX1 est de ~53%, (2) que tous les mutants avaient une activité négligeable d'ARSE suggérant qu'ils sont pathologique, (3) que étant donné que la localisation des mutations et que les patients ayant des délétions du gène exhibe le même phénotype que ceux ayant les allèles missense, les corrélations entre génotype et phénotype sont peu probables.
Stanley, Christina. "Influences of kinship, social bonds and genetics on animal social structure." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/influences-of-kinship-social-bonds-and-genetics-on-animal-social-structure(5f2b5f78-0b18-4bb3-b8b5-136efa6ade21).html.
Повний текст джерелаMambrin, Ritieli Baptista. "Seleção de linhagens de feijão para caracteres agronômicos e com qualidade de sementes, nutricionale tecnológica." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5087.
Повний текст джерелаO feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tem uma grande importância nacional e, por isso, o desenvolvimento de novas cultivares com excelentes características agronômicas, com qualidade de sementes, nutricional e tecnológica, representaria uma alternativa para solucionar problemas alimentares, sociais e econômicos. Diante disso, foram conduzidos três experimentos em cultivo de safra 2010/2011, safrinha 2011 e safra 2011/2012. Os tratamentos consistiram de 16 linhagens avançadas de feijão, sendo 12 linhagens pertencentes a diferentes obtentores e quatro cultivares comerciais, utilizadas como testemunhas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (1) avaliar os efeitos da interação linhagem x ambiente sobre os caracteres morfológicos, fenológicos e de produção das linhagens avançadas de feijão e estudar as associações lineares e as relações diretas e indiretas entre esses caracteres; (2) avaliar as características morfológicas e da qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de feijão por diferentes testes, bem como determinar a associação dos testes de vigor com a emergência de plântulas a campo; e (3) estudar a variabilidade genética das linhagens de feijão quanto à produtividade de grãos, o tempo de cozimento e a concentração de minerais em grãos e a associação linear entre esses caracteres, utilizando o índice Z para selecionar as linhagens com superioridade para a maioria dos caracteres. Interação linhagem x ambiente significativa foi obtida para a coloração do tegumento das sementes, o número de dias da emergência à floração, o número de vagens por planta, o número de sementes por planta, a massa de 100 sementes e a produtividade de grãos. Os caracteres morfológicos não apresentam estimativas de coeficiente de correlação favoráveis à seleção de linhagens de feijão com superioridade para a produtividade de grãos. Foi observado que existe variabilidade genética para se proceder à seleção de linhagens quanto às características morfológicas, qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes. As linhagens Pérola, TB 02-24, LP 07-80, LP 08-90, CNFP 10104, Carioca, TB 02-07 e SM 1810 apresentaram maior germinação e vigor e as linhagens, Guapo Brilhante, Gen P5-4-3-1 e Gen Pr14-2-3 mostram-se com menor germinação e vigor. O teste de envelhecimento acelerado é o mais indicado para estimar o vigor de sementes de feijão. As linhagens de feijão apresentaram variabilidade genética para a produtividade de grãos, o tempo de cozimento e a concentração de cálcio e de ferro em grãos. Correlações de baixa magnitude foram obtidas entre as variáveis em estudo, indicando a inexistência de relação casual. A seleção da linhagem Gen Pr 14-2-3 é recomendável, pois forneceu os maiores valores de índice Z para a maioria dos caracteres.
Dias, Francisco Tiago Cunha. "UtilizaÃÃo de tÃcnicas multivariadas e moleculares na caracterizaÃÃo e seleÃÃo de genÃtiopos de feijÃo-caupi de porte ereto e ciclo precoce." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4080.
Повний текст джерелаA cultura do feijÃo-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) possui grande importÃncia socioeconÃmica em funÃÃo dos seus teores elevados de proteÃna, de sua resistÃncia a seca e boa produtividade. Sendo cultivado nas regiÃes tropicais e subtropicais da Ãfrica, Brasil e Ãsia, o feijÃo-caupi à cultivado, predominantemente, por pequenos agricultores os quais utilizam poucos recursos tecnolÃgicos. Nos Ãltimos anos, o feijÃo-caupi tem chamado a atenÃÃo de mÃdios e grandes produtores, os quais necessitam de cultivares adaptadas a mecanizaÃÃo, precoces e responsivas as melhorias do ambiente. Para iniciar um programa de melhoramento genÃtico que atenda as necessidades desses novos produtores de feijÃo-caupi tornam-se necessÃrios o conhecimento do germoplasma disponÃvel, assim como o das relaÃÃes entre as variÃveis relacionadas com a produtividade e tÃcnicas de seleÃÃo apropriadas ao feijÃo-caupi. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a divergÃncia genÃtica por caracteres fenotÃpicos e moleculares, estudar as inter-relaÃÃes entre caracteres relacionados com a produtividade e Ãndices de seleÃÃo adequados a genÃtipos de porte ereto e ciclo precoce. Para a avaliaÃÃo da divergÃncia genÃtica por marcadores moleculares, realizaram-se extraÃÃes de DNA de 46 genÃtipos provenientes do Banco de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal do Cearà e da Embrapa Meio Norte e posteriormente foram realizadas PCR com oito iniciadores ISSR no LaboratÃrio de Biologia Molecular da Embrapa AgroindÃstria Tropical. Para a anÃlise da divergÃncia genÃtica por marcadores fenotÃpicos, estudo de correlaÃÃes canÃnicas, anÃlise de trilha e aplicaÃÃo de Ãndices de seleÃÃo realizou-se um experimento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetiÃÃes e 28 genÃtipos na Fazenda Lavoura Seca, pertencente ao Centro de CiÃncias AgrÃrias da Universidade Federal do Cearà (CCA/UFC), localizada no municÃpio de QuixadÃ, CearÃ. A partir dos resultados obtidos pelos marcadores moleculares verificou-se que estes foram eficientes na identificaÃÃo do polimorfismo em genÃtipos de feijÃo-caupi de porte ereto e ciclo precoce e que hà uma tendÃncia de agrupamento desses genÃtipos em funÃÃo da origem. Avaliando a divergÃncia genÃtica atravÃs de marcadores fenotÃpicos observou-se que o genÃtipo CE-46 à o mais divergente entre os 28 genÃtipos avaliados. Os cruzamentos entre os grupos VIII e XI e grupos VII e VIII podem resultar em combinaÃÃes gÃnicas favorÃveis e as variÃveis respostas floraÃÃo inicial e ciclo da cultura contribuem em maior magnitude para a quantificaÃÃo da divergÃncia genÃtica entre os genÃtipos avaliados. A partir dos estudos realizados utilizando correlaÃÃes canÃnicas e anÃlise de trilha conclui-se que a seleÃÃo direta com base no nÃmero de sementes por vagem e peso de 100 sementes favorece o aumento em produtividade de feijÃo-caupi; a seleÃÃo direta com base no nÃmero de vagens por planta tende a diminuir o ciclo cultural em feijÃo-caupi; o decrÃscimo no comprimento da vagem e o aumento no nÃmero de sementes por vagem contribuem para o aumento na produtividade em feijÃo-caupi de porte ereto e ciclo precoce. Constatou-se que os Ãndices base e multiplicativo sÃo mais eficientes na seleÃÃo de genÃtipos de feijÃo-caupi precoces e de porte ereto e que os genÃtipos CE-113 e CE-748 reÃnem, simultaneamente, vÃrios caracteres morfolÃgicos e agronÃmicos favorÃveis alÃm da produtividade elevada.
Cowpea has great socioeconomic importance in relation to their high contents of protein, drought resistance and good yield. Being cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Brazil and Asia, cowpea is cultivated predominantly by small farmers who use few technological resources. In recent years, cowpea has drawn the attention of medium and large farmers, which require cultivars suited to mechanization, early and responsive to environmental improvements. To start a breeding program that meets the needs of these new cowpea cultivars become necessary the knowledge of the germplasm available, and the relationship between variables related to yield and techniques appropriate to the selection of cowpea. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence of erect and early cowpea genotypes through phenotypic and molecular characters, besides to study the interrelations among traits related to yield and the selection index appropriate to indentify the best erect and early cowpea genotypes. For the assessment of genetic diversity by molecular markers, there were extractions of DNA from 46 genotypes from the Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal do Cearà and Embrapa Meio Norte and then PCR was performed with eight ISSR primers in the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Embrapa AgroindÃstria Tropical. For the analysis of genetic divergence of phenotypic markers, study of canonical correlation, analysis and application to track the index of selection was carried out an experiment in randomized blocks with four replicates and 28 genotypes in Fazenda Lavoura Seca, which belongs to the Centro de CiÃncias AgrÃrias Universidade Federal do Cearà (CCA / UFC), located in QuixadÃ, CearÃ. From the results obtained by molecular markers it was found that these were effective in identifying the polymorphism in erect and early cowpea genotypes. There is a tendency for grouping of genotypes according to the origin. Assessing the genetic divergence in phenotypic markers showed that CE-46 genotype is the most divergent among the 28 genotypes. Crossings between the groups VIII and XI and groups VII and VIII may result in favorable gene combinations and response variables initial flowering of the crop cycle and contribute to greater magnitude to the quantification of genetic divergence among the genotypes. From studies using canonical correlation and path analysis it is concluded that direct selection based on the seed number per pod and one hundred seed weight favors the increase in yield cowpea. A direct selection based on the number of pods per plant tends to decrease the cycle in cowpea, the decrease in the pod length and the increase in the seed number per pod contribute to the increase in cowpea yield. The base and multiplicative selection indices are more efficient in the erect and early cowpea genotypes selection . The CE-113 and CE-748 genotypes combine, simultaneously, several favorable morphological and agronomic characters besides the high yield.
Cullen, Lara Michelle. "Molecular analysis of hereditary haemochromatosis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
Знайти повний текст джерелаMattar, Maira. "Interação genótipo-ambiente para peso ao sobreano na raça Canchim /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104933.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: The genotype-environment interaction presence is characterized by different answers of genotypes to ambient variations, and can cause changes in the classification of the genotypes performances in different environments. The objective in this study was to investigate the presence of genotype - environment interaction for post-yearling weight of Canchim cattle raised in Brazil in the period of 1989 to 2000. The methodologies used were: 1-comparison of two models: with and without the uncorrelated sire−environment effect; 2-genetic correlation between postyearling weight in different environments; 3- Pearson's and Spearman's correlations between animal's breeding values in different environments in one and multitrait analyses; and 4- reaction norms of animals on environmental gradient obtained by random regression. The environments investigated in methods 1, 2 and 3 were four regions of Brazil (1-State of Paraná, 2- State of São Paulo, 3- State of Minas Gerais, and 4- States of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul) and three city clusters of the State of São Paulo, formed by multivariate methods to define homogeneous environments of production through climatic variables. For method 4 the environmental gradient was obtained through solutions of contemporary groups. The models used in methods 1, 2 and 3 included fixed effects and random additive direct and residual effects. The model for method 4 included the fixed effect of post-yearling age as covariate, the random effect of contemporary group, and the random additive genetic effecs of intercept and inclination of the reaction norms. The results indicated that differences in the models compared (with and without sire−environment effect), low genetic correlations (0.07 to 0.51) among post-yearling weight in different environments, reclassification of the animals in environments, a scale effect in reaction norms... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Mauricio Mello de Alencar
Coorientador: Fernando Flores Cardoso
Banca: Joanir Pereira Eler
Banca: Alfredo Ribeiro de Freitas
Banca: Sandra Aidar de Queiroz
Banca: João Ademir de Oliveira
Doutor
Araújo, Lúcio Borges de. "Seleção e análise dos modelos PARAFAC e Tucker e gráfico triplot com aplicação em interação tripla." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-05082009-075957/.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work has the following objectives: to propose a systematics for the study and the interpretation of the phenotypic stability and adaptability, through several multiway models (PARAFAC and Tucker3); to propose a graphic, called of Triplot, that it makes possible to evaluate the relations between the 3 ways (genotypes, locations and years); to implement a computational routine for the data analysis, according multiway models; to implement a computational routine for the construction of Triplot. The used data are relative the experiments with 13 genotypes of beans that had been lead in 9 experimental distinct ones constituted by agricultural years of 2000/2001, 2001/2002 and 2005/2006, by Dourados and Aquidauana cities, where the experiments had been installed at the time of waters (Dourados) and also at the time of dries (Dourados and Aquidauana). Each location is constituted of city and time of installation. The results indicated that the graphic triplot and joint plot, facilitate the agreement of triple interaction and bring to the researcher more real information about triple interaction, of what AMMI model of two way; the graphic triplot, helps to identify stabels genotypes, locations and years, inside of a great group of genotypes, location and years; in a general recommend to use triplot and joint plot together, to get better interpretations of the results; the genotype 6 is what less contributes for the triple interaction and genotypes 12, 9 and 5 are the that more contribute for the interaction.
Mokhtar-Jamai, Kenza. "Biologie de la conservation de la gorgone rouge de Méditerranée, Paramuricea clavata, dans le contexte actuel du changement climatique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22065.
Повний текст джерелаThe red gorgonian, Paramuricea clavata (Cnidaria, Octocorallia), is a sessile, long-lived and slow growing species which displays slow population dynamics. This species is characterized by a pelagic larval phase that represents the sole potential phase of dispersal during the life cycle of this species. P. clavata is a key species of coralligenous assemblages of the Mediterranean Sea which undergoes the combined effects of diving activities and climate change. In this context, extending the knowledge about life history traits, biology and ecology of the red gorgonian was of fundamental importance. Using a genetic approach, the goal of this work was to study some key biological and ecological factors which should be important for the response of this species to environmental changes. Among these factors, larval dispersal plays a major role in driving marine population dynamics and connectivity. In the current context of strong anthropic pressures, understanding the level of population connectivity is primordial to evaluate population outcome, facing climate change, and to develop conservation plans as well as to design marine reservenetworks
Domkin, Dmitry. "Perception and control of upper limb movement : insights gained by analysis of sensory and motor variability /." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-485.
Повний текст джерелаLeite, Carla Daniela Suguimoto. "Efeitos genéticos e ambientais sobre o intervalo desmame-cio em fêmeas suínas /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92600.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: Selection for reproductive traits has been largely used in swine breeding programs. The aims of this study were to evaluate environmental and genetic effects that affect the weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI) in sows and to assess their influence on litter size (LS), number of live born (LP) and dead born piglets (DP). Data consisting of 8,104 WEI from the 1st to 6th farrowing recorded in two herds were used for environmental analysis, but for estimating the genetic parameters only data from the 1st to 3rd farrowing were used, totalling 6,548 records. Genetic analysis was performed using the REML method with single and multitrait models, where each WEI was considered as a different trait. Genetic correlations among WEI, LS, DP and age at first farrowing (AFF) were also estimated using a multitrait model. For the environmental analysis, the model included as fixed effects the herd, line, and year (YF) and season (SF) of farrowing, and as covariates the sow's age at farrowing (SAF), LS, and lactation length (LL). The effects were linear for LL and quadratic for SAF. The herd, YF and SF were important sources of variation, whereas LS and line were not significant. There were no effects of WEI on the litter traits (LS, LP and DP). The heritability estimated for WEI was low, and genetic correlations among its different intervals were of moderate to low magnitude, evidencing that a multitrait model was more indicated for estimating the genetic parameters for this trait in this population. The genetic correlations between WEI and LS, DP and AFF would be favourable in a selection.
Orientador: Jeffrey Frederico Lui
Coorientadora: Lúcia Galvão de Albuquerque
Banca: Humberto Tonhati
Banca: Joslaine Noely dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo
Mestre
Annavi, Geetha. "Genetic, socio-ecological and fitness correlates of extra-group paternity in the European badger (Meles meles)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8d7304b2-84a2-4d5d-bbbc-63270d309e2e.
Повний текст джерелаGloaguen, Arnaud. "A statistical and computational framework for multiblock and multiway data analysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG016.
Повний текст джерелаA challenging problem in multivariate statistics is to study relationships between several sets of variables measured on the same set of individuals. In the literature, this paradigm can be stated under several names as “learning from multimodal data”, “data integration”, “data fusion” or “multiblock data analysis”. Typical examples are found in a large variety of fields such as biology, chemistry, sensory analysis, marketing, food research, where the common general objective is to identify variables of each block that are active in the relationships with other blocks. Moreover, each block can be composed of a high number of measurements (~1M), which involves the computation of billion(s) of associations. A successful investigation of such a dataset requires developing a computational and statistical framework that fits both the peculiar structure of the data as well as its heterogeneous nature.The development of multivariate statistical methods constitutes the core of this work. All these developments find their foundations on Regularized Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis (RGCCA), a flexible framework for multiblock data analysis that grasps in a single optimization problem many well known multiblock methods. The RGCCA algorithm consists in a single yet very simple update repeated until convergence. If this update is gifted with certain conditions, the global convergence of the procedure is guaranteed. Throughout this work, the optimization framework of RGCCA has been extended in several directions:(i) From sequential to global. We extend RGCCA from a sequential procedure to a global one by extracting all the block components simultaneously with a single optimization problem.(ii) From matrix to higher order tensors. Multiway Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis (MGCCA) has been proposed as an extension of RGCCA to higher order tensors. Sequential and global strategies have been designed for extracting several components per block. The different variants of the MGCCA algorithm are globally convergent under mild conditions.(iii) From sparsity to structured sparsity. The core of the Sparse Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis (SGCCA) algorithm has been improved. It provides a much faster globally convergent algorithm. SGCCA has been extended to handle structured sparse penalties.In the second part, the versatility and usefulness of the proposed methods have been investigated on various studies: (i) two imaging-genetic studies, (ii) two Electroencephalography studies and (iii) one Raman Microscopy study. For these analyses, the focus is made on the interpretation of the results eased by considering explicitly the multiblock, tensor and sparse structures
Gama, Manuela Pires Monteiro da. "Associações genéticas entre características reprodutivas, de crescimento e produção de leite em animais Guzerá utilizando modelos de dimensão finita e infinita." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-23042018-163745/.
Повний текст джерелаThe objectives of this study were to estimate the genetic associations between growth and milk production traits in Guzerat cattle using two-trait analysis and between growth traits, scrotal circumference and age at first calving using random regression models. For two-trait analysis, 252,257 weight records of males and females obtained at 120 days of age (W120), weaning (WW), yearling (YW), post-weaning (PWW) and 24 months of age (W24), as well as 6,493 complete lactation records (W305) of 4,723 cows, were used. The models included direct additive genetic, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects as random effects, and the contemporary groups and age of cow at calving (linear and quadratic effect) as fixed effects. For the random regression models, 159,366 observations of weight and 23,780 observations of scrotal circumference, obtained at 335 and 724 days of age of the animals and divided into classes at 10-day intervals, as well as 63,596 observations of age at first calving, were used. Random direct additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual effects and the fixed effects of contemporary group and age of cow at calving (linear and quadratic effect) were considered. A fixed curve was used to model the average trend of the population (quadratic) on the age classes. Four possible degrees of Legendre polynomials (zero, linear, quadratic and cubic) were tested and the quadratic polynomial was the most appropriate to describe the variances in the traits analyzed. Principal component and cluster analyses were performed to determine the existence of different growth patterns and to group bulls based on their breeding values for meat, milk and dual-purpose production. The estimated heritabilities were 0.23, 0.14, 0.16, 0.17, 0.21 and 0.22 for W305, W120, WW, YW, PWW and W24, respectively, suggesting that, for the growth traits, heritabilities increased with increasing age of the animals. The same trend was observed when random regression analysis was performed, with heritabilities ranging from 0.17 to 0.31. The genetic correlations between weights at different ages and milk yield were positive and of moderate to low magnitude, ranging from 0.27 to 0.38. These estimates suggest that selection for weight and W305 can be performed simultaneously in the same animals. Principal component analysis indicated the same trend as observed by the genetic correlations. Cluster analysis showed the presence of bulls with different genetic profiles in the Guzerat breed, thus permitting selection for meat, milk or dual purpose. The genetic correlations between weights and scrotal circumference were positive and favorable (0.31 to 0.47), indicating that selection for increased weight will result in animals with greater scrotal circumference. The correlations between weights and age at first calving ranged from -0.56 to -0.38 and between scrotal circumference and age at first calving from -0.55 to 0.08, suggesting that the use of weight and scrotal circumference as selection objectives will result in the long-term reduction of age at first calving. The relative efficiency of selection indicated a greater response to indirect selection for age at first calving when selecting for scrotal circumference after 615 days of age, compared to the genetic gain obtained by direct selection for age at first calving.
Le, floch Edith. "Méthodes multivariées pour l'analyse jointe de données de neuroimagerie et de génétique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112214/document.
Повний текст джерелаBrain imaging is increasingly recognised as an interesting intermediate phenotype to understand the complex path between genetics and behavioural or clinical phenotypes. In this context, a first goal is to propose methods to identify the part of genetic variability that explains some neuroimaging variability. Classical univariate approaches often ignore the potential joint effects that may exist between genes or the potential covariations between brain regions. Our first contribution is to improve the sensitivity of the univariate approach by taking advantage of the multivariate nature of the genetic data in a local way. Indeed, we adapt cluster-inference techniques from neuroimaging to Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data, by looking for 1D clusters of adjacent SNPs associated with the same imaging phenotype. Then, we push further the concept of clusters and we combined voxel clusters and SNP clusters, by using a simple 4D cluster test that detects conjointly brain and genome regions with high associations. We obtain promising preliminary results on both simulated and real datasets .Our second contribution is to investigate exploratory multivariate methods to increase the detection power of imaging genetics studies, by accounting for the potential multivariate nature of the associations, at a longer range, on both the imaging and the genetics sides. Recently, Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression or Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) have been proposed to analyse genetic and transcriptomic data. Here, we propose to transpose this idea to the genetics vs. imaging context. Moreover, we investigate the use of different strategies of regularisation and dimension reduction techniques combined with PLS or CCA, to face the overfitting issues due to the very high dimensionality of the data. We propose a comparison study of the different strategies on both a simulated dataset and a real fMRI and SNP dataset. Univariate selection appears to be necessary to reduce the dimensionality. However, the generalisable and significant association uncovered on the real dataset by the two-step approach combining univariate filtering and L1-regularised PLS suggests that discovering meaningful imaging genetics associations calls for a multivariate approach
Londero, Patricia Medianeira Grigoletto. "Parâmetros genéticos dos teores de proteína e de fibra alimentar associados ao rendimento de grãos em feijão." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4961.
Повний текст джерелаCommon bean cultivars development with high nutritional quality joined with grain yield is desirable. In consequence, of this study evaluated the genitors, F1 and its reciprocals, F2 and backcrosses populations obtained in the combination among four genitors. For protein content were used TPS Nobre, Guapo Brilhante, BRS Expedito and UTF-1 Balisa. For fibers content, CNFP 8100, FT 96-1282, Valente and Varre Sai were used. The crossings were performed inside a greenhouse using complete diallel approach and assessed in the field using a randomized complete block design with two replications. The laboratory analyses were realized to protein and dietary fiber content. Negative phenotypic correlation between protein content and grain yield was observed. The crossings between the high protein content genitors produced F2 populations with high protein content. Genetic variability was observed for genitors, F1 s and their reciprocals for dietary fiber content. The largest heritability estimates were obtained for fibers content and the smallest for grain yield. Phenotypic correlation between dietary fiber, their different fractions (soluble and insoluble) and grain yield was not observed. Phenotypic correlation between fiber insoluble and dietary fiber content was positive, wile between soluble and insoluble fiber was negative. In the populations studied, the selection for protein content and fibers associated with high grain yield could be performed with success as long as we have better understanding of the genetic control, environmental effect and genotype x environment interaction that influence these characteristics.
O desenvolvimento de cultivares de feijão com alta qualidade nutricional aliado ao alto rendimento de grãos é desejável. Como conseqüência, este trabalho buscou avaliar os genitores e as populações F1 , recíprocos, F2 e retrocruzamentos obtidos das combinações entre quatro genitores para o teor de proteína (TPS Nobre, Guapo Brilhante, BRS Expedito e UTF-1 Balisa) e de quatro genitores para o teor de fibras (CNFP 8100, FT 96-1282, Valente e Varre Sai). Os cruzamentos foram realizados em casa-de-vegetação, segundo a metodologia de dialelos completos, e avaliados a campo utilizando o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com duas repetições. As análises laboratoriais foram realizadas quanto aos teores de proteína bruta e fibra alimentar. Correlação fenotípica negativa entre proteína bruta e rendimento de grãos foi observada. Hibridações controladas entre genitores com alto teor de proteína, possibilitaram a obtenção de populações F2 com alto teor protéico. Foi encontrada variabilidade genética para teor de fibra alimentar para genitores, F1 s e recíprocos. As maiores estimativas de herdabilidade foram observadas para teor de fibras e as menores para rendimento de grãos. Não foi encontrada correlação fenotípica entre fibra alimentar, suas diferentes frações (solúvel e insolúvel) e rendimento de grãos. As correlações fenotípicas entre o teor de fibra insolúvel e de fibra alimentar foram positivas, enquanto que entre fibra solúvel e insolúvel foram negativas. Nas populações estudadas, a seleção para teor de proteína e de fibras associadas ao elevado rendimento de grãos poderá ser realizada com sucesso, desde que se tenha melhor entendimento do controle genético, dos efeitos ambientais e da interação genótipo x ambiente que atuam nessas características.
Casero, Cañas Ramón. "Left ventricle functional analysis in 2D+t contrast echocardiography within an atlas-based deformable template model framework." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b17b3670-551d-4549-8f10-d977295c1857.
Повний текст джерела"Localized Correlation Analysis and Genetic Association with Cardiovascular Disease." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2501.
Повний текст джерелаKe, Yu-yuan, and 柯瑜媛. "Genetic analysis of PTPN11 gene and its correlation with Noonan syndrome." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32095823557316433778.
Повний текст джерела長榮大學
醫學研究所
96
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a developmental disorder characterized by facial dysmorphia, short stature, cardiac heart defects, and skeletal malformations. In approximately 50% of cases, it is caused by missense mutations in the PTPN11 gene on chromosome 12, resulting in a gain function of the protein SHP-2 (src homology region 2-domain phosphatase-2). In this study, we used NS scoring system developed by van der Burgt et al. in 1994 as diagnostic criteria for our cases. PTPN11 mutation analysis was performed in six NS patients and mutations were found in five of them. Two were in exon 3 and one was in exon 8 and the others was in exon 12. All mutations were missense changes and clustered at the interacting portions of the amino-terminal src-homology 2 (N-SH2: exon 1-3) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP: exon 7-13) domain. Three of them are sporadic and the other is familial NS. No mutation was found in the C-SH2 domain. Patients with NS carried the 922A?蛄 (Asn308Asp) has mild mental retardation. Patient with NS carried the 182 A→G (Asp61Gly) has classic NS symptoms with failure to thrive. Patient with NS carried the 1403C?? T (Thr468Met) has dominant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Simultaneously, we find this mutation site is the hot spot of LEOPARD syndrome. Tracing his clinical symptom, the café-au-lait spots developed recent one year and confirme the final diagnosis of LOEPARD syndrome. Patients with NS carried the mutation 218C?袍 (Thr73Ile) has also suffered form juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Unlike the previous studies, her prognosis is very poor and life threatening infection respiratory and heart failure developed shortly after delivery. The correlation between NS and JMML can be explained by the involvement of SHP-2 in RAS-signaling. Our study is to analyze of the PTPN11 gene and it’s correlation with Noonan syndrome. Because the PTPN11 gene mutatin affect the RAS-MAPKinase pathway signalling. The signaling cascade regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Disturbed RAS signaling in maliganacies is caused by acquired somatic mutations in RAS genes or other compoments of this pathway. Recently, germline mutations in genes coding for different components of the RAS signaling cascade have been recognized as the cause of several phenotypically overlapping disorders, and referred to as the neuro-cardio-facial- cutaneous dyndromes. Neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, LEOPARD, Costello and cardiofaciocutaneous syndromes all present with variable degrees of psychomotor delay, congenital heart defects, facial dsymophism, short stature, skin abnormalities and a predisposition for malignancy. Dysregulation of the RAS-MAPKinase pathway is caused by germline mutations in genes involved in this pathway. Undoubtedly more genes causing related syndromes will be discovered in the near future since there are still a substantial number of genes in the pathway that are not yet associated with a known syndrome. And more mechanisms associated with RAS-MAPKinase signaling and the malignancy is an important challenge need to be clarify in the future.
Grellmann, Claudia. "Combining brain imaging and genetic data using fast and efficient multivariate correlation analysis." 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15840.
Повний текст джерелаLin, Cheng-Hsien, and 林政賢. "The Study of Applying Non-Linear Canonical Correlation Analysis and Genetic Algorithm to Learning Performance." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44619092805381891639.
Повний текст джерела大葉大學
工業工程與科技管理學系
96
The purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between teaching and learning performance and educational goal of a department for fulfillment of Institute of Engineering Education Taiwan. This research applies the nonlinear canonical correlation analysis ( NLCCA ) incorporated with the Cobb-Douglas function to analyze the relationships among four latent traits: curriculum design, learning achievements, the satisfaction of teachers and achieves of the central ability of students. The solving procedure was implemented by the genetic algorithm in order to reduce the complexity of finding solutions. The results were also compared with the results obtaining from using traditional linear canonical correlation analysis. The results shows that using nonlinear canonical correlation analysis is a robust approach to analyze educational accreditation data .
Bessonov, Kyrylo. "Functional Characterization of the NSF1 (YPL230W) Gene using Correlation Clustering and Genetic Analysis in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3251.
Повний текст джерелаThe pdf file contains numerous hyperlinks and bookmarks to facilitate navigation. This thesis will be of interest to those working with topics such as data mining of microarray data, novel gene function discovery and prediction, and genome-wide responses to fermentation stresses.
Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities of Ontario (Ontario Graduate Scholarship and Ontario Graduate Scholarships in Science and Technology); The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
(9187739), Hannah E. Willson. "Genetic and biological architecture of pork quality, carcass, primal-cut and growth traits in Duroc pigs." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаWithin the last few decades, swine
breeding programs have been refined to include pork quality and novel carcass
traits alongside growth, feed efficiency, and carcass leanness in the selection
programs for terminal sire lines with a goal to produce high quality and
efficient pork product for consumers. In order to accurately select for
multiple traits at once, it becomes imperative to explore their genetic and
biological architecture. The genetic architecture of traits can be explored
through the estimation of genetic parameters, genome-wide association studies
(GWAS), gene networks and metabolic pathways. An alternative approach to
explore the genetic and biological connection between traits is based on
principal component analysis (PCA), which generates novel “pseudo-phenotypes”
and biological types (biotypes). In this context, the main objective of this
thesis was to understand the genetic and biological relationship between three
growth, eight conventional carcass, 10 pork quality, and 18 novel carcass traits
included in two studies. The phenotypic data set included 2,583 records from
female Duroc pigs from a terminal sire line. The pedigree file contained
193,764 animals and the genotype file included 21,344 animals with 35,651
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The results of the first study indicate
that genetic progress can be achieved for all 39 traits. In general, the heritability
estimates were moderate, while most genetic correlations were generally
moderate to high and favorable. Some antagonisms were observed but those
genetic correlations were low to moderate in nature. Thus, these relationships
can be considered when developing selection indexes. The second study showed
that there are strong links between traits through their principal components
(PCs). The main PCs identified are linked to biotypes related to growth, muscle
and fat deposition, pork color, and body composition. The PCs were also used as
pseudo-phenotypes in the GWAS analysis, which identified important candidate
genes and metabolic pathways linked to each biotype. All of this evidence links
valuable variables such as belly, color, marbling, and leanness traits. Our
findings greatly contribute to the optimization of genetic and genomic
selection for the inclusion of valuable and novel traits to improve productive
efficiency, novel carcass, and meat quality traits in terminal sire lines.
ROW, JEFFREY. "Origins of genetic variation and population structure of foxsnakes across spatial and temporal scales." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6271.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2011-01-11 10:40:52.476
(10725786), James Michael Amstutz. "Cluster-Based Analysis Of Retinitis Pigmentosa Candidate Modifiers Using Drosophila Eye Size And Gene Expression Data." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаThe goal of this thesis is to algorithmically identify candidate modifiers for retinitis pigmentosa (RP) to help improve therapy and predictions for this genetic disorder that may lead to a complete loss of vision. A current research by (Chow et al., 2016) focused on the genetic contributors to RP by trying to recognize a correlation between genetic modifiers and phenotypic variation in female Drosophila melanogaster, or fruit flies. In comparison to the genome-wide association analysis carried out in Chow et al.’s research, this study proposes using a K-Means clustering algorithm on RNA expression data to better understand which genes best exhibit characteristics of the RP degenerative model. Validating this algorithm’s effectiveness in identifying suspected genes takes priority over their classification.
This study investigates the linear relationship between Drosophila eye size and genetic expression to gather statistically significant, strongly correlated genes from the clusters with abnormally high or low eye sizes. The clustering algorithm is implemented in the R scripting language, and supplemental information details the steps of this computational process. Running the mean eye size and genetic expression data of 18,140 female Drosophila genes and 171 strains through the proposed algorithm in its four variations helped identify 140 suspected candidate modifiers for retinal degeneration. Although none of the top candidate genes found in this study matched Chow’s candidates, they were all statistically significant and strongly correlated, with several showing links to RP. These results may continue to improve as more of the 140 suspected genes are annotated using identical or comparative approaches.
Shandu, Siphiwokuhle. "Genetic diversity, correlations and path coefficient analysis in popcorn (Zea mays L. everta)." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10017.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Sc.Agric.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.
Ghosh, Amit. "Structure-Function Correlations In Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases Through The Dynamics Of Structure Network." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/822.
Повний текст джерела