Дисертації з теми "Génération de schémas"
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Ricard, Ludovic. "Génération de modèles de réservoir sur maillage flexible." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112342.
Повний текст джерелаThe high level geostatistic description of the subsurface are often far too detailed for use in routine flow simulators. To make flow simulations tractable, the number of grid blocks has to be reduced: an approximation, still relevant with flow description, is necessary. In this work, we place the emphasis on the scaling procedure from the fine scale model to the multi-scale reservoir model. Two main problems appear: Near wells, faults and channels, the volume of flexible cells may be less than fine ones, so we need to solve a downscaling problem; Far from these regions, the volume of cells are bigger than fine ones so we need to solve an upscaling problem. In this work, research has been done on each of these three areas: downscaling, upscaling and fluid flow simulation. For each of these subjects, a review, some news improvements and comparative study are proposed. The proposed downscaling method is build to be compatible with existing data integration methods. The comparative study shows that empirical methods are not enough accurate to solve the problem. Concerning the upscaling step, the proposed approach is based on an existing method: the perturbed boundary conditions. An extension to unstructured mesh is developed for the inter-cell permeability tensor. The comparative study shows that numerical methods are not always as accurate as expected and the empirical model can be sufficient in lot of cases. A new approach to single-phase fluid flow simulation is developed. This approach can handle with full tensorial permeability fields with source or sink terms
Belemaalem, Zakaria. "Schémas asynchrones pour des EDPs et génération de surfaces aléatoires à l'aide de groupes localisés." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2025.
Повний текст джерелаThe study in this thesis proposes an original representation of a random wave field. The main goal is to respect the statistical constraints on a one-point characteristic function (variance, skewness and kurtosis) and also, at a two-point characteristic function (spectrum and slope). The proposed model considers the elevation of the ocean surface as a superposition of random spatial functions with the random amplitudes, grouped into maps depending on the wave vector. This approach leads to the construction of two models, so called “Groupy Wave Model” (GWM) and “Groupy Chopy Wave Model” (GCWM). The first allows the control of the spectrum, skewness (elevations and slopes) and kurtosis (elevations or slopes). The latter takes into account the orbital motions of water particles. The OGWM model is derived from horizontal coordinates of GWM surface. This transformation dresses the spectrum and shows cusps. A method of undressing the spectrum to obtain a surface with a target spectrum, which takes into account the cusps, is also introduced. The obtained results emphasize very different sea state structures, but with identical statistical properties
Bontron, Pierre. "Les schémas de test : une abstraction pour la génération de tests de conformité et pour la mesure de couverture." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010058.
Повний текст джерелаTissot, Régis. "Contribution à la génération automatique de tests à partir de modèles et de schémas de test comme critères de sélection dynamiques." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2015.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis is a contribution to the conception of an automatic Model Based Testing (MBT) approach for test generation. The framework of our works is the BZ-TT (BZ-Testing Tools) technology, that allows for generating functional tests from models written in B. The test selection criteria implemented in BZ- TT ensure structural coverage of the model of the system to validate. It takes into account the data and control structures of the model. This approach does not allow for generating tests from properties expressing dynamic behaviors of the system such as properties based on operations sequencing. To address this problem, some works propose to involve human expertise to define "dynamic" selection criteria. Such selection criteria make it possible for the validation engineer to define strategies based on properties and aspects of the system thet he wants to validate. Our contributions explore this way, and target the complementarity with respect to the tests generated from the structural coverage of the model, in order to benefit from the resources and technology previously deployed for this goal. Our first contribution is the definition of a language for the formalization of test purposes, that allows for expressing test scenarios inspired by the properties to validate on the system. This language is based on a regular expressions-like formalism, and aims at describing scenarios by means of operation calls and symbolic states. We define a test generation method integrated to BZ- TT, so that these tools can take these new selection criteria into account. This way, we can re-use the technics of symbolic animation and of constraint solving of BZ- TT. We also benefit from the functionalities of export and concretization of the produced tests. With this method, the only additional work for the validation engineer is to define the test schemas used as selection criteria. Our last contribution is to assess the complementarity of our method with the automatic generation of tests by structural coverage of the model. We propose a method to assess the complementarity of two test suites. It is based on the computing of the coverage in terms of states and transitions of an abstraction of the system by th test suites. Finally, we apply this method to three case studies (two smart card applications and the POSIX fil management system), and we show the complementarity brought by the method
Rochat, Julie. "Apprentissage de notions scientifiques par génération de schémas sur tablette numérique : études chez des élèves de collège en situation individuelle et collaborative." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN20033.
Повний текст джерелаStudies have shown that the presence of illustrations in multimedia documents does not always improve learning because they can be processed superficially. Learner-generated drawing could engage them in more active processing of the document. However, the effects of learner-generated drawing appear to be mixed and depend on the level of support provided during the activity. To better understand the effectiveness conditions of this activity on learning of secondary school students, two complementary approaches were adopted. The first approach was to co-design a learner-generated drawing application on tablet. The second approach was based on an experimental method and aimed to study the effects of learner-generated drawing on scientific concepts learning in fifth grade students. Two studies tested the effects of learner-generated drawing and of its facilitation through guidance (providing students with an illustration during the generative activity or highlighting the elements to be generated). They did not demonstrate any beneficial effects of the activity on learning, whether guided or not. The third study examined the effects of students working collaboratively in learner-generated drawing, and found that it did not improve their learning compared to working individually. These results suggest that other types of support for learner-generated drawing need to be investigated to obtain real benefits of this activity on students'learning
Sadki-Fenzar, Jalila. "Problèmes de couverture en nombres entiers : génération de colonnes, heuristiques d'approximation garantie et schémas hybrides. : Applications en transport ferroviaire et en planification de production." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA132009.
Повний текст джерелаLarge-size Covering Integer Programs (CIP) model many real-case applications. They appear typically as master problems resulting from a Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition. The well-known column generation approach is widely used for solving such large-size problems. In this thesis, it is combined in a hybrid way with the best-known approximation heuristic for CIP : the greedy heuristic of Dobson that is extended, through the resolution of fractional subproblems, to large-size CIP. The propsed hybridization scheme takes advantage of the distinct criteria of columns selection used by the two methods. It is evaluated on two transportation and production planning applications. Numerical results on real-case instances show that the hybrid scheme improves the convergence of column generation both in terms of number of iterations and computational time. The integer solutions derived from the column generation scheme are also significantly improved, highlighting the diversification potential of the approximation heuristic. On an other hand, an original reformulation of CIP as Set Covering Problems is proposed as an alternative demonstration of the logarithmic approximation ratio allowing it’s extention to new variants of CIP as the Fixed Charge Covering Integer Programs
Boumzaid, Yacine. "Etude et construction de schémas de subdivision quasi-linéaires sur des maillages bi-réguliers." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905806.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Mahi Imad. "Schémas volumes finis pour la simulation numérique de problèmes à fronts raides en maillages non structurés adaptatifs." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES019.
Повний текст джерелаFroehly, Algiane. "Couplage d’un schéma aux résidus distribués à l’analyse isogéométrique : méthode numérique et outils de génération et adaptation de maillage." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14563/document.
Повний текст джерелаDuring high order simulations, the approximation error may be dominated by the errors linked to the sub-parametric discretization used for the geometry representation. Many works propose to use an isogeometric analysis approach to better represent the geometry and hence solve this problem. In this work, we will present the coupling between the limited stabilized Lax-Friedrichs residual distributed scheme and the isogeometric analysis. Especially, we will build a family of basis functions defined on both triangular and quadrangular elements and allowing the exact representation of conics : the rational Bernstein basis functions. We will then focus in how to generate accurate meshes for isogeometric analysis. Our idea is to create a curved mesh from a classical piecewise-linear mesh of the geometry. We obtain a conforming unstructured mesh which ensures the continuity of the basis functions over the entire mesh. Last, we will detail the curved mesh adaptation methods developed : the order elevation and the isotropic mesh refinement. Of course, the adaptation processes preserve the exact geometry of the initial curved mesh
Treimuth, Tambet. "Dynamic optimization of airspace sector grouping." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe current airspace configuration is highly structured, fixed and is less responsive to changes causing the overall system to lack the flexibility, adaptability, and responsibility needed to handle the increasing air traffic demands in the near future. The work presented in this thesis aims at improving the flexibility and adaptability of today's airspace management in Europe in a pretactical context. We focus on the development of a method to support a process of automatic generation of a sequence of sector configurations composed of predefined sectors. Airspace configurations should be dynamically adjusted to provide maximum efficiency and flexibility in response to demand fluctuations. We dynamically build configurations by combining existing elementary sectors. In this step, any sector combination which forms controllable airspace blocks is eligible and may be used during the day of operation. In this work, we developed efficient methods to solve DAC problem. We formulated and study the sectorization problem from an algorithmic point of view. We proposed methods based on a mathematical modeling and heuristic optimization techniques. We also introduced here an approach to evaluate the workload inside sectors
Nicolas, Valérie-Anne. "Preuves de Propriétés de Classes de Programmes par Dérivation Systématique de Jeux de Test." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607401.
Повний текст джерелаNuninger, Walter. "Stratégie de diagnostic robuste à l'aide de la redondance analytique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/INPL_T_1997_NUNINGER_W.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRicard, Jean-Louis. "Etude d'un schéma statistique de génération de nuages et son introduction dans un modèle de circulation générale." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30217.
Повний текст джерелаTouati, Nora. "Amélioration des performances du schéma de la génération de colonnes : application aux problèmes de tournées de véhicules." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132032.
Повний текст джерелаColumgeneration algorithms are instrumental in many areas of applied optimization where linear programs with an enormous number of variables need to be solued. Although success fully used in many applications, this method suffers from well-known "instability" issues, that somewhat limit its efficiency. This work focuses on accelerating strategies in a column generation algorithm. We propose some diversifiication methods in order to decrease the total number of generated columns and then master problems resolution time. We interest also to solving efficiently the pricing problems, by proposing an improning approch based on reoptimization principle and a new variant of the dynamic programming algorithm. The effectiveness of these approches is validated on vehicule routing problem with time windows
Froehly, Algiane. "Couplage d'un schéma aux résidus distribués à l'analyse isogéométrique : méthode numérique et outils de génération et adaptation de maillage." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765918.
Повний текст джерелаMouilleron, Christophe. "Efficient computation with structured matrices and arithmetic expressions." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688388.
Повний текст джерелаClavel, Jean-François. "Modélisation en dynamique transitoire non-linéaire par la méthode des éléments finis en schéma d'intégration explicite sur micro-ordinateur." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10114.
Повний текст джерелаRompteaux, Arnauld. "Développement d'un code de calcul instationnaire compressible en volumes finis à faible diffusivité numérique." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ESAE0011.
Повний текст джерелаVilléger, Emmanuel. "Constance de largeur et désocclusion dans les images digitales." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011229.
Повний текст джерелаnous regroupons des points lumineux et/ou des objets selon certaines
règles pour former des objets plus gros, des Gestalts.
La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à la constance de
largeur. La Gestalt constance de largeur regroupe des points situés
entre deux bords qui restent parallèles. Nous cherchons donc dans les
images des courbes ``parallèles.'' Nous voulons faire une détection
a contrario, nous proposons donc une quantification du ``non
parallélisme'' de deux courbes par trois méthodes. La première méthode
utilise un modèle de génération de courbes régulières et nous
calculons une probabilité. La deuxième méthode est une méthode de
simulation de type Monte-Carlo pour estimer cette probabilité. Enfin
la troisième méthode correspond à un développement limité de la
première en faisant tendre un paramètre vers 0 sous certaines
contraintes. Ceci conduit à une équation aux dérivées partielles
(EDP). Parmi ces trois méthodes la méthode de type Monte-Carlo est
plus robuste et plus rapide.
L'EDP obtenue est très similaire à celles utilisées pour la
désocclusion d'images. C'est pourquoi dans la deuxième partie de cette
thèse nous nous intéressons au problème de la désocclusion. Nous
présentons les méthodes existantes puis une nouvelle méthode basée sur
un système de deux EDPs dont l'une est inspirée de celle de la
première partie. Nous introduisons la probabilité de l'orientation du
gradient de l'image. Nous prenons ainsi en compte l'incertitude sur
l'orientation calculée du gradient de l'image. Cette incertitude est
quantifiée en relation avec la norme du gradient.
Avec la quantification du non parallélisme de deux courbes, l'étape
suivante est la détection de la constance de largeur dans
les images. Il faut alors définir un seuil pour sélectionner les
bonnes réponses du détecteur et surtout parmi les réponses définir
des réponses ``maximales.'' Le système d'EDPs pour
la désocclusion dépend de beaucoup de paramètres, il faut trouver une
méthode de calibration des paramètres pour obtenir de bons résultats
adaptés à chaque image.
Gentilhomme, Théophile. "Intégration multi-échelles des données de réservoir et quantification des incertitudes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0089/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we propose to follow a multi-scale approach for spatial reservoir properties characterization using direct (well observations) and indirect (seismic and production history) data at different resolutions. Two decompositions are used to parameterize the problem: the wavelets and the Gaussian pyramids. Using these parameterizations, we show the advantages of the multi-scale approach with two uncertainty quantification problems based on minimization. The first one concerns the simulation of property fields from a multiple points geostatistics algorithm. It is shown that the multi-scale approach based on Gaussian pyramids improves the quality of the output realizations, the match of the conditioning data and the computational time compared to the standard approach. The second problem concerns the preservation of the prior models during the assimilation of the production history. In order to re-parameterize the problem, we develop a new 3D grid adaptive wavelet transform, which can be used on complex reservoir grids containing dead or zero volume cells. An ensemble-based optimization method is integrated in the multi-scale history matching approach, so that an estimation of the uncertainty is obtained at the end of the optimization. This method is applied on several application examples where we observe that the final realizations better preserve the spatial distribution of the prior models and are less noisy than the realizations updated using a standard approach, while matching the production data equally well
Ben, Sdira Khaled. "L'art de la modération chez Marmontel : le conflit et ses modes de conjuration dans les "Mémoires" et les "Contes moraux"." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20007.
Повний текст джерелаMaxim, Voichita. "Restauration de signaux bruités observés sur des plans d'expérience aléatoires." Phd thesis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005298.
Повний текст джерела