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1
Lu, Cewu, and Shiquan Wang. "The General-Purpose Intelligent Agent." Engineering 6, no. 3 (March 2020): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.013.
2
Kohjiya, Shinzo, and Yuko Ikeda. "Reinforcement of General-Purpose Grade Rubbers by Silica Generated In Situ." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 73, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 534–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547604.
Анотація:
Abstract The use of the sol—gel process on general-purpose grade rubbers is reviewed in the absence or presence of silane coupling agents. The sol—gel reactions of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), styrene—butadiene rubber (SBR) or butadiene rubber (BR) vulcanizates produced silica generated in situ. This silica was found to be a good reinforcing agent by investigating tensile and dynamic mechanical properties and morphology observation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The amount of silica formed was limited by the degree of swelling of the rubber vulcanizate by TEOS which was the precursor of the silica. However, the dispersion of silica generated in situ was better than conventionally added silica due to its formation in place. Also, it was noted that the diameter distribution of in situ silica was monodispersed. Silane coupling agents, such as mercaptosilane, aminosilane, and bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, were compounded in the vulcanizates and their effects on silica generated in situ were evaluated. Their effects were significant. The dispersion of the silica in the rubbery matrix became better and the particle size became smaller and monodispersed, as observed by TEM, which improved mechanical properties. The superior properties of silica generated in situ have been studied further to elucidate the mechanism of reinforcement.
3
Fakhi, Hicham, Omar Bouattane, Mohamed Youssfi, and Hassan Ouajji. "A multi-agent model for general-purpose computing on graphics processing units." Multiagent and Grid Systems 13, no. 3 (September 28, 2017): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mgs-170269.
4
Rojas, Eddy M., and Amlan Mukherjee. "Multi-Agent Framework for General-Purpose Situational Simulations in the Construction Management Domain." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 20, no. 3 (May 2006): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(2006)20:3(165).
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Anchekov, M. I., A. Z. Apshev, K. Ch Bzhikhatlov, S. A. Kankulov, Z. V. Nagoev, O. V. Nagoeva, and I. A. Pshenokova. "Principles of ontophylogenetic development of artificial general intelligence systems based on multi-agent neurocognitive architectures." BIO Web of Conferences 84 (2024): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248402015.
Анотація:
The purpose of the study is to study the possibilities of multigenerational optimization of behavior control systems for agents of general artificial intelligence capable of independently solving a universal range of tasks in a real environment. The main principles of ontophylogenetic synthesis of control systems for agents of general artificial intelligence based on multi-agent neurocognitive architectures have been developed. Methods and algorithms for synthesizing the phenotypes of control systems of intelligent agents according to their genotypes are proposed. A software package for simulating the processes of ontophylogenetic synthesis of multi-agent neurocognitive architectures has been developed and experiments have been carried out to create phenotypes of intelligent agents based on them. A complex genome of an intelligent agent has been developed, the features of a multichromosome genetic algorithm for organizing calculations in the paradigm of multigenerational optimization of multiagent neurocognitive architectures have been established and substantiated. It is shown that multigenerational optimization of the multi-agent neurocognitive architecture of intelligent agents can contribute to the achievement of adaptive resistance to the operating conditions of a general artificial intelligence agent, provide the synthesis of its suboptimal structural and functional scheme, accelerate learning and algorithms for finding solutions to a universal range of problems solved by this agent in its ecological niche.
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Yoshida, Naoto. "Homeostatic Agent for General Environment." Journal of Artificial General Intelligence 8, no. 1 (March 7, 2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jagi-2017-0001.
Анотація:
AbstractOne of the essential aspect in biological agents is dynamic stability. This aspect, called homeostasis, is widely discussed in ethology, neuroscience and during the early stages of artificial intelligence. Ashby’s homeostats are general-purpose learning machines for stabilizing essential variables of the agent in the face of general environments. However, despite their generality, the original homeostats couldn’t be scaled because they searched their parameters randomly. In this paper, first we re-define the objective of homeostats as the maximization of a multi-step survival probability from the view point of sequential decision theory and probabilistic theory. Then we show that this optimization problem can be treated by using reinforcement learning algorithms with special agent architectures and theoretically-derived intrinsic reward functions. Finally we empirically demonstrate that agents with our architecture automatically learn to survive in a given environment, including environments with visual stimuli. Our survival agents can learn to eat food, avoid poison and stabilize essential variables through theoretically-derived single intrinsic reward formulations.
7
Tian, Xue Yong, Tian Qing Chang, Shao Hua Shi, Lei Zhang, and Yang Han. "Modeling of Test Resource Based on Multi-Agent and its Application in Intelligent Virtual Instrument." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1973.
Анотація:
Because of the poor reconfigurability of the existing test resource models and the faultiness of the intelligent modeling methods in automatic test system, the modeling method based on Multi-Agent was studied. By analyzing the characters of test resources, the test resource models were classified as device model, adapter model and configuration model. The typical test resource model based on Multi-Agent with three layers and five agents was built. The structure and function of system management agent, model reconfiguration agent, function management agent, channel control agent and function realization agent in the model were analyzed. Then its application in Intelligent Virtual Instrument was introduced. This model based on Multi-Agent has good reconfigurability and intelligence, and it can be used to build the general-purpose and intelligent automatic test system.
8
Feng, Yongxin, Guangjie Han, Nan Bai, and Wenbo Zhang. "Design and implementation of a CATV network management system based on a general-purpose agent." International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems 12, no. 4 (2019): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaacs.2019.10025317.
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Zhang, Wenbo, Nan Bai, Guangjie Han, and Yongxin Feng. "Design and implementation of a CATV network management system based on a general-purpose agent." International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems 12, no. 4 (2019): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaacs.2019.103670.
10
LAHOTI, DEEPAK, ASEEM BHATNAGAR, AJAY K. SINGH, SUMATI SUNDARAIYA, KISHAN SAWROOP, and THAKURI SINGH. "Tc-99m Dextran: A New and Sensitive General Purpose Scintigraphic Agent for Diagnosing Intestinal Inflammation." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 24, no. 6 (June 1999): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-199906000-00010.
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Barrett, Samuel, Peter Stone, Sarit Kraus, and Avi Rosenfeld. "Teamwork with Limited Knowledge of Teammates." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 27, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v27i1.8659.
Анотація:
While great strides have been made in multiagent teamwork, existing approaches typically assume extensive information exists about teammates and how to coordinate actions. This paper addresses how robust teamwork can still be created even if limited or no information exists about a specific group of teammates, as in the ad hoc teamwork scenario. The main contribution of this paper is the first empirical evaluation of an agent cooperating with teammates not created by the authors, where the agent is not provided expert knowledge of its teammates. For this purpose, we develop a general-purpose teammate modeling method and test the resulting ad hoc team agent's ability to collaborate with more than 40 unknown teams of agents to accomplish a benchmark task. These agents were designed by people other than the authors without these designers planning for the ad hoc teamwork setting. A secondary contribution of the paper is a new transfer learning algorithm, TwoStageTransfer, that can improve results when the ad hoc team agent does have some limited observations of its current teammates.
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Phillips, Kerk L. "Heterogeneous utility from a representative agent model: immigrants vs non-immigrants." Journal of Economic Studies 46, no. 7 (November 11, 2019): 1309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-04-2018-0144.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to infer the welfare of heterogeneous agents using a representative agent model. Design/methodology/approach It does so by partitioning the household into subunits and allocating consumption to each subunit proportionally to the income the subunit generates through wages and capital returns. Findings The author shows that for a simple dynamic general equilibrium model with immigration, the steady state utilities of these subunits correspond very closely to the utilities for an equivalent heterogeneous agent model. This is particularly true when labor–leisure decisions are made using slightly modified Euler equations. Originality/value More complicated models can be solved and simulated using fewer computational resources using this technique.
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Lavendelis, Egons, and Janis Grundspenkis. "Multi-Agent Based Intelligent Tutoring System Source Code Generation Using MASITS Tool." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Computer Sciences 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10143-010-0021-y.
Анотація:
Multi-Agent Based Intelligent Tutoring System Source Code Generation Using MASITS ToolSeveral agent development tools have been proposed. At the same time, specific tools for agent based Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) development do not exist. However, ITSs have some specific characteristics that must be taken into consideration during the development. General purpose Agent Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) methodologies and therefore development tools do not sufficiently correspond to the characteristics of ITSs. Additionally, the general purpose AOSE methodologies and tools do not allow plugging in domain specific rules and diagrams. Thus, usage of knowledge gained in ITS research during the development process is limited. In the absence of general tools that allow plugging in knowledge from ITS research, a specific tool named MASITS has been developed. The tool supports a specific agent based ITS development methodology named MASITS which takes into consideration specific characteristics of ITSs and integrates knowledge from ITS research. The tool supports all phases of ITS development, starting from requirements analysis and ending with deployment. Requirements analysis and design phases are supported by appropriate diagram creation tools. Implementation is supported by source code generation from diagrams created during the design phase. JADE platform is used for agent implementation. Thus, Java classes for ontology, agents and behaviours are generated from the design diagrams. The paper includes a brief overview of diagrams used in the source code generation and detailed algorithms for source code generation from the diagrams.
14
Yuh-Ming Cheng, Lih-Shyang Chen, Hui-Chung Huang, Sheng-Feng Weng, Yong-Guo Chen, and Chyi-Her Lin. "Building a General Purpose Pedagogical Agent in a Web-Based Multimedia Clinical Simulation System for Medical Education." IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies 2, no. 3 (July 2009): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2009.18.
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Muyobo, Daniel Khaoya. "Multi-Agent Systems Requirements Analysis for Patient-centered Healthcare Consultancy Service." international journal of advanced research in computer science 14, no. 5 (October 20, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs.v14i5.7013.
Анотація:
Agents are currently being discussed in nearly every domain of science and engineering. Through the utilization of IoT and agent-based systems, remote consultations and virtual doctors can provide essential healthcare services by analyzing patient data and medical history. The purpose of this paper is provide an analysis the requirements for multi-agent systems in patient-centered health consultancy services in Kenya. It focuses on various agent types, including hardware, hospital, human, software, database/storage, and technological/framework agents. For hardware, computers, laptops, and mobile devices need specific processing power, memory, network connectivity, storage, and security. Medical equipment must prioritize accuracy, reliability, integration with records, and regulatory compliance. Networking requires high-speed internet, security, and redundancy. Hospital agents offer comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care, categorized into general, mental health, and specialized hospitals. Human agents, like medical specialists, IT professionals, and administrators, play essential roles in healthcare consultancy. Software agents encompass Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS), Telemedicine platforms, and more. Database/storage agents include EHRs, Health Information Exchange (HIE) systems, and data encryption. Technological/framework agents involve health information systems, telemedicine platforms, decision support systems, and health data analytics frameworks. These agents enable efficient data management, remote care, evidence-based decisions, and secure data exchange.
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Watson, Richard A., Rob Mills, and C. L. Buckley. "Global Adaptation in Networks of Selfish Components: Emergent Associative Memory at the System Scale." Artificial Life 17, no. 3 (July 2011): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00029.
Анотація:
In some circumstances complex adaptive systems composed of numerous self-interested agents can self-organize into structures that enhance global adaptation, efficiency, or function. However, the general conditions for such an outcome are poorly understood and present a fundamental open question for domains as varied as ecology, sociology, economics, organismic biology, and technological infrastructure design. In contrast, sufficient conditions for artificial neural networks to form structures that perform collective computational processes such as associative memory/recall, classification, generalization, and optimization are well understood. Such global functions within a single agent or organism are not wholly surprising, since the mechanisms (e.g., Hebbian learning) that create these neural organizations may be selected for this purpose; but agents in a multi-agent system have no obvious reason to adhere to such a structuring protocol or produce such global behaviors when acting from individual self-interest. However, Hebbian learning is actually a very simple and fully distributed habituation or positive feedback principle. Here we show that when self-interested agents can modify how they are affected by other agents (e.g., when they can influence which other agents they interact with), then, in adapting these inter-agent relationships to maximize their own utility, they will necessarily alter them in a manner homologous with Hebbian learning. Multi-agent systems with adaptable relationships will thereby exhibit the same system-level behaviors as neural networks under Hebbian learning. For example, improved global efficiency in multi-agent systems can be explained by the inherent ability of associative memory to generalize by idealizing stored patterns and/or creating new combinations of subpatterns. Thus distributed multi-agent systems can spontaneously exhibit adaptive global behaviors in the same sense, and by the same mechanism, as with the organizational principles familiar in connectionist models of organismic learning.
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Cockrell, Robert Chase, Scott Christley, Eugene Chang, and Gary An. "Towards Anatomic Scale Agent-Based Modeling with a Massively Parallel Spatially Explicit General-Purpose Model of Enteric Tissue (SEGMEnT_HPC)." PLOS ONE 10, no. 3 (March 25, 2015): e0122192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122192.
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Toyoshima, Fumiaki, Adrien Barton, and Jean-François Ethier. "Affordances and their ontological core." Applied Ontology 17, no. 2 (May 4, 2022): 285–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ao-220267.
Анотація:
The notion of affordance remains elusive, notwithstanding its importance for the representation of agency, cognition, and behaviors. This paper lays down a foundation for an ontology of affordances by elaborating the idea of “core affordance” which would serve as a common ground for explaining existing diverse conceptions of affordances and their interrelationships. For this purpose, it analyzes M. T. Turvey’s dispositional theory of affordances in light of a formal ontology of dispositions. Consequently, two kinds of so-called “core affordances” are proposed: specific and general ones. Inspired directly by Turvey’s original account, a specific core affordance is intimately connected to a specific agent, as it is reciprocal with a counterpart effectivity (which is a disposition) of this agent within the agent-environment system. On the opposite, a general core affordance does not depend on individual agents; rather, its realization involves an action by an instance of a determinate class of agents. The utility of such core affordances is illustrated by examining how they can be leveraged to formalize other major accounts of affordances. Additionally, it is briefly outlined how core affordances can be employed to analyze three notions that are closely allied with affordances: the environment, image schemas, and intentions.
19
Smith, Melissa A., M. Mowafak Allaham, and Eva Wiese. "Trust in Automated Agents is Modulated by the Combined Influence of Agent and Task Type." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601046.
Анотація:
Trust in automation is an important topic in the field of human factors and has a substantial impact on both attitudes towards and performance with automated systems. One variable that has been shown to influence trust is the degree of human-likeness that is displayed by the automated system with the main finding being that increased human-like appearance leads to increased ratings of trust. In the current study, we investigate whether humanness unanimously leads to higher trust or whether the degree to which an agent is trusted depends on context variables (i.e., task type). For that purpose, we created a task with a social (i.e., judging emotional states from the eye region) and an analytical component (i.e., mathematical task) and measured how strongly participants complied to human, avatar or computer agents when performing the social versus the analytical version with them. We hypothesized that human-like agents are trusted more on social tasks, while machine-like agents are trusted more on analytical tasks. In line with our hypothesis, the results show that, human agents are in general not trusted more than automated agents but that the degree to which an agent is trusted depends on the anticipated expertise of an agent for a given task. The findings suggest that when designing automated systems that are supposed to interact with humans, the degree of humanness of the agent needs to match the degree to which a task requires social skills.
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Petrović, Vladimir M., and Branko D. Kovačević. "AViLab—Gamified Virtual Educational Tool for Introduction to Agent Theory Fundamentals." Electronics 11, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030344.
Анотація:
The development and increased popularity of interactive computer games, metaverses, and virtual worlds in general, has over the years attracted the attention of various researchers. Therefore, it is not surprising that the educational potential of these virtual environments (e.g., virtual laboratories) is of particular interest to a wider scientific community, with numerous successful examples coming from different fields, starting from social sciences, to STEM disciplines. However, when it comes to agent theory, which is a highly important part of the general AI (Artificial Intelligence) research focus, there is a noticeable absence of such educational tools. To be more precise, there is a certain lack of virtual educational systems dedicated primarily to agents. That was the motivation for the development of the AViLab (Agents Virtual Laboratory) gamified system, as a demonstration tool for educational purposes in the related subject of agent theory. The developed system is thoroughly described in this paper. The current version of the AViLab consists of several agents (developed according to the agenda elaborated in the manuscript), aiming to demonstrate certain insights into fundamental agent structures. Although the task imposed to our agents essentially represents a sort of “picking” or “collecting” task, the scenario in the system is rather gamified, in order to be more immersive for potential users, spectators, or possible test subjects. This kind of task was chosen because of its wide applicability in both, gaming scenarios and real-world everyday scenarios. In order to demonstrate how AViLab can be utilized, we conducted an exemplar experiment, described in the paper. Alongside its educational purpose, the AViLab system also has the potential to be used for research purposes in the related subjects of agent theory, AI, and game AI, especially regarding future system extensions (including the introduction of new scenarios, more advanced agents, etc.).
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DELOACH, SCOTT A., MARK F. WOOD, and CLINT H. SPARKMAN. "MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS ENGINEERING." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 11, no. 03 (June 2001): 231–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194001000542.
Анотація:
This paper describes the Multiagent Systems Engineering (MaSE) methodology. MaSE is a general purpose, methodology for developing heterogeneous multiagent systems. MaSE uses a number of graphically based models to describe system goals, behaviors, agent types, and agent communication interfaces. MaSE also provides a way to specify architecture-independent detailed definition of the internal agent design. An example of applying the MaSE methodology is also presented.
22
GASPAR, JESS, and KENNETH L. JUDD. "SOLVING LARGE-SCALE RATIONAL-EXPECTATIONS MODELS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 1, no. 1 (January 1997): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100597002022.
Анотація:
We explore alternative approaches to numerical solutions of large rational-expectations models. We discuss and compare several current alternatives, focusing on the trade-offs in accuracy, space, and speed. The models range from representative-agent models with many goods and capital stocks, to models of heterogeneous agents with complete or incomplete asset markets. The methods include perturbation and projection methods. We show that these methods are capable of analyzing moderately large models even when we use only elementary, general-purpose numerical methods.
23
Tankelevich, Roman. "Asynchronous Modeling and Simulation with Orthogonal Agents." International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 4, no. 4 (October 2012): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jats.2012100102.
Анотація:
This paper considers a class of systems of autonomous self-governed agents with purpose-specific behavior. Agents of this class contribute most to the overall performance if they have an unobstructed (transparent) access to the environment. Many examples of such systems can be found in swarm technologies and asynchronous simulation of discrete and continuous systems. An efficiency metric for a multi-agent system operating within a given environment is proposed as a dot product of the system’s characteristic time-vectors: one of an agent’s demands for resources and the other of the resources’ availability. It is shown that the smaller the dot product the higher the efficiency of the agents. In some cases, the better efficiency of individual agents translates into improvement of the overall performance of the system. This observation is postulated as the principle of orthogonality: under some conditions, the asynchronous, ungoverned systems outperform the systems with synchronized actions. It is shown that the asynchronous (“chaotic”) multi-agent models, properly devised to achieve a higher level of transparency, can produce a better throughput beyond the level achieved by simply improving the latency of the system. Examples of orthogonal systems include many discrete-continuous physical, financial, control and some machine learning multi-agent models. Conditions of convergence of asynchronous models are presented. Some experimental results are shown, as well. More general observations are made in the context of natural decomposition.
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Koshevaya, Ekaterina, Elena Krivoshapkina, and Pavel Krivoshapkin. "Tantalum oxide nanoparticles as an advanced platform for cancer diagnostics: a review and perspective." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 9, no. 25 (2021): 5008–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tb00570g.
Анотація:
Tantalum oxide-based nanoparticles have all chances to become a new general-purpose contrast agent (CA) for computed tomography. This review summarizes the state of the art in TaOx CAs used for single or multimodal imaging and theranostic purposes.
25
Togni, Antonio. "Superlatives in Teaching General Chemistry." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 75, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): 343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2021.343.
Анотація:
What is the strongest Brønsted acid, the strongest base, the strongest oxidizing agent? If not understood in an absolute, once-and-forever sense, the answers to such questions may help at extending and reinforcing the meaning of simple concepts in first-year chemistry courses. Moreover, they serve the purpose of introducing research aspects and linking them to general chemistry.
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Gatti, Andrea, and Viviana Mascardi. "VEsNA, a Framework for Virtual Environments via Natural Language Agents and Its Application to Factory Automation." Robotics 12, no. 2 (March 21, 2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics12020046.
Анотація:
Automating a factory where robots are involved is neither trivial nor cheap. Engineering the factory automation process in such a way that return of interest is maximized and risk for workers and equipment is minimized is hence, of paramount importance. Simulation can be a game changer in this scenario but requires advanced programming skills that domain experts and industrial designers might not have. In this paper, we present the preliminary design and implementation of a general-purpose framework for creating and exploiting Virtual Environments via Natural language Agents (VEsNA). VEsNA takes advantage of agent-based technologies and natural language processing to enhance the design of virtual environments. The natural language input provided to VEsNA is understood by a chatbot and passed to an intelligent cognitive agent that implements the logic behind displacing objects in the virtual environment. In the complete VEsNA vision, for which this paper provides the building blocks, the intelligent agent will be able to reason on this displacement and on its compliance with legal and normative constraints. It will also be able to implement what-if analysis and case-based reasoning. Objects populating the virtual environment will include active objects and will populate a dynamic simulation whose outcomes will be interpreted by the cognitive agent; further autonomous agents, representing workers in the factory, will be added to make the virtual environment even more realistic; explanations and suggestions will be passed back to the user by the chatbot.
27
Park, Chul-wook, and Seonjin Kim. "Network-Agent systems dynamic modelling: A guide for sport science." Korean Journal of Sport Science 31, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 514–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2020.31.3.514.
Анотація:
Purpose The primary purpose of this study is to show and guide how to construct a large variety of behaviors in systems dynamic for sport science. Methods By applying a simple algorithm to networked agents, which could, conceivably, offer a straightforward way out of the complexity, computational mechanism which along with its dynamics (payoff, failure, and strategy) involved. Results The model starts with the probability that systemic risk potential such as failure spreads. Even in a very random structure commonly used in sports field, propagation of the potential is guaranteed by an arbitrary network property of a set of elements. Despite the intensive systemic potential, the opposite type of potential like absence of failure could also be driven when there has been a strong investment in protection through a heuristically evolved protection level. Conclusion The implementation still needs to be polished against what happens in the real sports world, but in general, applied conceptual principle and methodological techniques behind the network-agent based mechanisms could be useful for researchers those who need to use systemes dynamic to guard in sport science.
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Antelmi, Alessia, Gennaro Cordasco, Giuseppe D’Ambrosio, Daniele De Vinco, and Carmine Spagnuolo. "Experimenting with Agent-Based Model Simulation Tools." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010013.
Анотація:
Agent-based models (ABMs) are one of the most effective and successful methods for analyzing real-world complex systems by investigating how modeling interactions on the individual level (i.e., micro-level) leads to the understanding of emergent phenomena on the system level (i.e., macro-level). ABMs represent an interdisciplinary approach to examining complex systems, and the heterogeneous background of ABM users demands comprehensive, easy-to-use, and efficient environments to develop ABM simulations. Currently, many tools, frameworks, and libraries exist, each with its characteristics and objectives. This article aims to guide newcomers in the jungle of ABM tools toward choosing the right tool for their skills and needs. This work proposes a thorough overview of open-source general-purpose ABM tools and offers a comparison from a two-fold perspective. We first describe an off-the-shelf evaluation by considering each ABM tool’s features, ease of use, and efficiency according to its authors. Then, we provide a hands-on evaluation of some ABM tools by judging the effort required in developing and running four ABM models and the obtained performance.
29
Kodrik, Anatolii, Oleksandr Titenko, Stanislav Vinogradov, and Stanislav Shakhov. "Improvement of the Prototype of the Compressed Air Foam System and its Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 917 (October 13, 2023): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-sj8kwy.
Анотація:
The prototype of the compressed air foam system was improved based on the evaluation of the numerical parameters obtained with the help of the developed mathematical model of the foam generation process and the pneumatic-hydraulic scheme. The prototype provides the possibility of foam generation both in autonomous mode, due to the installation of cylinders with compressed gas, and in stationary mode, due to the supply of compressed air from an external source. This allows the use of an improved model of the compressed air foam system both in stationary mode (dry pipes, gas stations, etc.) and for use on heavy and light fire trucks, which is important for large cities. Testing of the improved prototype of the system for extinguishing model fires was carried out. The system provides extinguishing of model fires of class 183 B and 144 B when using both a general-purpose foaming agent and a special film-forming foaming agent. When using a film-forming foaming agent, the extinguishing time was reduced by 1.75 times, the consumption of fire extinguishing solution by 1.47 times. But at the same time, it should be taken into account that the cost of the film-forming foaming agent Sofir (sofirafff 6 %) is more than 3.2 times the cost of the general-purpose foaming agent Sofir. The effectiveness of the improved model in extinguishing class A fires was also confirmed. The autonomous compressed air foam system ensures extinguishing of a class 4 A model fire in 90 seconds. Dry foam with a factor of 14 is noted to be more effective in extinguishing solid combustible substances.
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Karademir, Mustafa, Gulsah Altun, and Dilay Karademir. "Evaluation of the vasorelaxant effect of Sugammadex on the arterial smooth muscle in rats." Medicine Science | International Medical Journal 12, no. 3 (2023): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2023.06.092.
Анотація:
Although NMBAs (Neuro Muscular Blocking Agents) have been used for a long time, postoperative residual curarization is still a significant problem. Nowadays, an agent named Sugammadex is used for the reversal of curarization. It has been presented as a safer agent than its predecessor, neostigmine. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Sugammadex on rat thoracic aorta and enlighten the mechanism of action and potential benefits in surgical operations with general anesthesia. Twenty Wistar albino rats were used for the experiments. Thoracic aorta segments have been removed and mounted to the organ bath. Contraction and relaxation responses were presented as a percentage of phenylephrine (3x10-5 M) contraction. After recording contractile responses of Sugammadex (10-8-10-4 M), relaxation responses of Sugammadex (10-8-10-4 M) have been recorded both in the presence and absence of L-NAME (3x10-5 M) (Potent Nitric Oxide Sentase Inhibitor). Finally, relaxation responses of sugammadex-rocuronium have been recorded. Sugammadex caused slightly noticeable and concentration-dependent contraction on isolated thoracic aorta strips. Sugammadex also caused potent and concentration-dependent relaxation on isolated rat thoracic aorta. The relaxation response caused by Sugammadex has been diminished significantly in the presence of L-NAME. Administration of rocuronium with Sugammadex did cause neither relaxation nor any additional contractile effect on isolated rat thoracic aorta strips. Sugammadex is a promising agent in reversing rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. Although the adverse effects of this agent are not studied in detail, it seems Sugammadex is safer than neostigmine. The side effects of anesthetic agents are one of the main problems of surgical procedures, including neurosurgery, gynecology, and obstetrics. Especially acute hypotension may be fatal in neurosurgery and gynecological operations. Sugammadex should be used carefully in adjusted and individualized doses to avoid hypotension-related adverse effects.
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Kivalov, Sergey, and Olha Kibik. "ECONOMIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRECONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGENCY RELATIONS IN A CRISIS PERIOD." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-73-79.
Анотація:
The purpose of the article is the research of economic-legal and organizational principles of problem solution of economic agents’ functioning and implementation of activities within the system of anti-crisis measures in order to ensure the effective functioning of the country’s economic system. Crisis phenomena change the living tendencies of any economic agent. The purpose of each economic agent is to create sufficient capacity for functioning and development in favourable and especially in crisis conditions. In order to ensure the effective development of a business entity as an economic agent, the main condition is the maximization of its value by increasing the investment attractiveness and level of competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets. Formation of this condition is a prerequisite for survival in a crisis situation and development ensuring in favourable circumstances. The elements of anti-crisis management should be correctly integrated into the general policy of the management system of economic agents at the microeconomic and macroeconomic level. The subject of the study is the functioning of economic agents in a crisis. Research methodology. The study is based on the use of general scientific and specialscientific methods of scientific knowledge. The dialectical method allowed investigating the definition of agency relations. The method of system analysis was used to study the principles and economic and legal preconditions of the functioning of the anti-crisis management systems. The system-structural method helped to study basic precrisis measures to develop crisis-response potential of maritime agency service. Practical implications. The article considers the mechanism of economic and legal provision of anti-crisis management drawing on the example of maritime agents. The most significant components of the transaction costs of the principal are determined. Value/originality. The role of maritime agents’ associations has been identified. The necessity and preconditions for accelerating the adaptation of the world experience of the functioning of self-regulated organizations in the field of the maritime agency, in order to improve the state of the majority of economic entities, is proved. The development of cluster forms of the organization of interaction of different participants in maritime activity was determined as a positive trend. The promising area for further research is the formation of a model of responsible relationships between economic agents of different levels in order to achieve optimal results of realization of individual and social economic interests at key stages of the life cycle of the economic systems functioning.
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Kim, Gu Min, Song Heon Jeong, and Kyung Baek Kim. "Open Policy Agent based Multilateral Microservice Access Control Policy." Korean Institute of Smart Media 12, no. 9 (October 30, 2023): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30693/smj.2023.12.9.60.
Анотація:
A microservice architecture that accommodates the heterogeneity of various development environments and enables flexible maintenance can secure business agility to manage services in line with rapidly changing requirements. Due to the nature of MSA, where communication between microservices within a service is frequent, the boundary security that has been used in the past is not sufficient in terms of security, and a Zerotrust system is required. In addition, as the size of microservices increases, definition of access control policies according to the API format of each service is required, and difficulties in policy management increase, such as unnecessary governance overhead in the process of redistributing services. In this paper, we propose a microservice architecture that centrally manages policies by separating access control decision and enforcement with a general-purpose policy engine called OPA (Open Policy Agent) for collective and flexible policy management in Zerotrust security-applied environments.
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Muhammadieva and Lutfullin. "ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF A NEW ANTIPARASITIC AGENT." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 23 (April 18, 2022): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-9-9.2022.23.344-347.
Анотація:
The search and introduction of new pharmacological agents aimed at their safe use in therapeutic and prophylactic measures in the fight against helminthiases of birds remains relevant today. The purpose of this work was to study the acute oral toxicity of the new anthelmintic agent "K-55" on white mice. The compound is a black powder soluble in water. The drug was administered orally to mice using a clubshaped needle at doses of 500, 750, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. The results of studying the acute toxicity of the new pharmacological agent "K-55" on white mice showed that with a single oral administration of it in test doses from 500 to 2000 mg/kg during the study, the death of experimental animals and morphological changes in the structures of organs not detected. After 14 days, the clinic of the animals of the experimental groups did not differ from the control group. Appetite disturbance, motor activity and toxic effect were not observed. According to GOST 12.1.007- 76 "Classification and general requirements for toxicological safety", according to the parameters of acute toxicity, it belongs to the 3rd hazard category (moderately hazardous substances).
34
Becker, Daniel E., and Morton Rosenberg. "Nitrous Oxide and the Inhalation Anesthetics." Anesthesia Progress 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/0003-3006-55.4.124.
Анотація:
Abstract Nitrous oxide is the most commonly used inhalation anesthetic in dentistry and is commonly used in emergency centers and ambulatory surgery centers as well. When used alone, it is incapable of producing general anesthesia reliably, but it may be combined with other inhalation and/or intravenous agents in deep sedative/general anesthestic techniques. However, as a single agent, it has impressive safety and is excellent for providing minimal and moderate sedation for apprehensive dental patients. To gain a full appreciation of the pharmacology, physiologic influences, and proper use of nitrous oxide, one must compare it with other inhalation anesthetics. The purpose of this CE article is to provide an overview of inhalation anesthetics in general and to address nitrous oxide more specifically in comparison.
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Obermann, Jörn, Patrick Velte, Jannik Gerwanski, and Othar Kordsachia. "Mutualistic symbiosis?" Management Research Review 43, no. 8 (February 22, 2020): 989–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-07-2019-0317.
Анотація:
Purpose Although principal–agent theory has gained a prominent place in research, its negative image of self-serving managers is frequently criticized. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine how existing theories of agency and stewardship can be combined by using behavioral characteristics. Design/methodology/approach This study reviewed articles on the behavior of agents and stewards from the domains of finance, economics, management, corporate governance and organizational research. Additional theoretical and meta-analytical empirical literature from the fields of psychology and sociology was used to account for general patterns of human behavior. Findings The results indicate that goal congruency and the perception of fairness can serve as moderators distinguishing agency theory and stewardship theory. Goal congruency can be achieved by stipulating psychological ownership. The perception of distributive and procedural fairness is demonstrated by two major corporate governance mechanisms: performance-based compensation and board monitoring. The results are summarized in six hypotheses that allow a situational, customized corporate governance. These hypotheses can be tested in future research. Originality/value Prior work either focused on the merits of principal-agent theory or advocates the utilization of positive management theories, such as stewardship theory. However, little work has been done on bridging the gap between both constructs and develop a more extensive view of management theory.
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Jeannie Hahm, Jeeyeon, and Asli D. A. Tasci. "Country image and destination image of Brazil in relation to information sources." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights 3, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhti-04-2019-0057.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure country image and destination image of Brazil and identify influential information sources as image agents that help forming these images. Design/methodology/approach An online sample of respondents residing in the USA was surveyed using a structured survey design. County image, destination image and information sources were measured using seven-point Likert scales. Frequencies, descriptives, correlation analyses, t-test and ordinary least squares regression were used to analyze the data. Findings The findings revealed that Brazil’s destination image is stronger than its country image. Brazil’s destination image is rated above the middle rank (4) on the seven-point scale, the strongest attributes being scenic beauty, beaches and water attractions. Its country image, on the other hand, is below the middle rank (4) on the seven-point scale. Correlated with seven of the nine country image items, general knowledge from school is potentially the most influential agent for country image while word-of-mouth, printed or online news media and TV programs are potentially the most influential agent for destination image. Originality/value The image of Brazil has not been a focus of existing empirical research. Also, this study bridges the gap between country image and destination image in relation to information sources.
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Marzhan, Yesmagambetova, Keribayeva Talshyn, Koshekov Kairat, Belginova Saule, Alibekkyzy Karlygash, and Ospanov Yerbol. "Smart technologies of the risk-management and decision-making systems in a fuzzy data environment." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 3 (October 7, 2022): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i3.pp1463-1474.
Анотація:
The purpose of this article is to provide a methodology for calculating and predicting the quality of solution implementation in complicated multi-parametric organizational and technological challenges with control agent uncertainty. The article's study findings are centered on the practical application of formal methods in predicting the outcomes of control and decision-making risks under the uncertainty of model agents. The proposed mathematics and simulation applications use a multi-agent strategy to handle the general problem of assessing quality control based on "producer risk (project customer)" and "user risk." Computer experiments with simultaneous graphical visualization of the results improve the accuracy of mathematical modeling, increasing the study's effectiveness. Under the uncertainty of system agents, a simulation model has been designed to analyze and anticipate the dependability of control and the hazards of decision-making. The suggested model is unique in that it takes into account the statistical nature of normative values as well as the rules of equal probability. To handle a frequent problem, the proposed system technique employs a dual approach. It accomplishes this by assessing the quality of the control process based on the magnitude of the risks in the decision-making system.
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Wrona, Zofia, Wojciech Buchwald, Maria Ganzha, Marcin Paprzycki, Florin Leon, Noman Noor, and Constantin-Valentin Pal. "Overview of Software Agent Platforms Available in 2023." Information 14, no. 6 (June 18, 2023): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14060348.
Анотація:
Agent-based computing remains an active field of research with the goal of building (semi-)autonomous software for dynamic ecosystems. Today, this task should be realized using dedicated, specialized frameworks. Over almost 40 years, multiple agent platforms have been developed. While many of them have been “abandoned”, others remain active, and new ones are constantly being released. This contribution presents a historical perspective on the domain and an up-to-date review of the existing agent platforms. It aims to serve as a reference point for anyone interested in developing agent systems. Therefore, the main characteristics of the included agent platforms are summarized, and selected links to projects where they have been used are provided. Furthermore, the described platforms are divided into general-purpose platforms and those targeting specific application domains. The focus of the contribution is on platforms that can be judged as being under active development. Information about “historical platforms” and platforms with an unclear status is included in a dedicated website accompanying this work.
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Rusli, Yazmin Ahmad, and James W. Montgomery. "Children's Comprehension of Object Relative Sentences: It's Extant Language Knowledge That Matters, Not Domain-General Working Memory." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 10 (October 17, 2017): 2865–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-16-0422.
Анотація:
Purpose The aim of this study was to determine whether extant language (lexical) knowledge or domain-general working memory is the better predictor of comprehension of object relative sentences for children with typical development. We hypothesized that extant language knowledge, not domain-general working memory, is the better predictor. Method Fifty-three children (ages 9–11 years) completed a word-level verbal working-memory task, indexing extant language (lexical) knowledge; an analog nonverbal working-memory task, representing domain-general working memory; and a hybrid sentence comprehension task incorporating elements of both agent selection and cross-modal picture-priming paradigms. Images of the agent and patient were displayed at the syntactic gap in the object relative sentences, and the children were asked to select the agent of the sentence. Results Results of general linear modeling revealed that extant language knowledge accounted for a unique 21.3% of variance in the children's object relative sentence comprehension over and above age (8.3%). Domain-general working memory accounted for a nonsignificant 1.6% of variance. Conclusions We interpret the results to suggest that extant language knowledge and not domain-general working memory is a critically important contributor to children's object relative sentence comprehension. Results support a connectionist view of the association between working memory and object relative sentence comprehension. Supplemental Materials https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5404573
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Mroz, Gilly, Chrysanthi Papoutsi, and Trisha Greenhalgh. "‘From disaster, miracles are wrought’: a narrative analysis of UK media depictions of remote GP consulting in the COVID-19 pandemic using Burke’s pentad." Medical Humanities 47, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2020-012111.
Анотація:
During crises (major events characterised by uncertainty, urgency and threat), society must make sense of rapidly unfolding events. This happens mainly through narrativising—depicting a setting, characters and a meaningful sequence of events and actions unfolding over time. In the early months of the pandemic, UK general practice shifted from face-to-face consultations to a remote-by-default model (telephone, video or e-consultation). This shift was initially widely accepted by press and public, but support waned after a politician declared that the change would be permanent. We invoke Burke’s dramatistic pentad of act, scene, agent, agency and purpose to theorise findings from a detailed analysis of media coverage of the remote-by-default policy and reactions to it. We consider the 12 weeks from March to June 2020 (first lockdown, when remote-by-default services had just been introduced) and 1 week from late July 2020 (following the ministerial announcement). The initial introduction of remote consulting had strong narrative coherence in which all parts of the pentad were balanced: scene (a deadly virus threatening the country) aligned with act (lockdown, including avoiding face-to-face appointments unless essential), agents (the National Health Service and digital technology as heroic macro-actors), agency (general practitioners ‘deployed’) and purpose (to control the pandemic). The later period, however, was characterised by a mismatch between scene (a country emerging from lockdown and resuming normal life), act (imposition of the remote model), agent (a politician known for his enthusiasm for technology), agency (top-down directive) and purpose (modernisation). Whereas media narratives in the first period aligned with the genre of heroic adventure (suggesting a worthy battle, bravely fought), those of the second had characteristics of farce (something both comic and grotesque). We conclude that close reading of media narratives may surface potential misalignments between policy decisions and the context in which they must be implemented.
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Drzymalski, Dan M., Roman Schumann, Frank J. Massaro, Agnieszka Trzcinka, and Ruben J. Azocar. "Effect of a Cognitive Aid on Reducing Sugammadex Use and Associated Costs." Anesthesiology 131, no. 5 (November 1, 2019): 1036–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002946.
Анотація:
Abstract Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background The authors observed increased pharmaceutical costs after the introduction of sugammadex in our institution. After a request to decrease sugammadex use, the authors implemented a cognitive aid to help choose between reversal agents. The purpose of this study was to determine if sugammadex use changed after cognitive aid implementation. The authors’ hypothesis was that sugammadex use and associated costs would decrease. Methods A cognitive aid suggesting reversal agent doses based on train-of-four count was developed. It was included with each dispensed reversal agent set and in medication dispensing cabinet bins containing reversal agents. An interrupted time series analysis was performed using pharmaceutical invoices and anesthesia records. The primary outcome was the number of sugammadex administrations. Secondary outcomes included total pharmaceutical acquisition costs of neuromuscular blocking drugs and reversal agents, adverse respiratory events, emergence duration, and number of neuromuscular blocking drug administrations. Results Before cognitive aid implementation, the number of sugammadex administrations was increasing at a monthly rate of 20 per 1,000 general anesthetics (P < 0.001). Afterward, the monthly rate was 4 per 1,000 general anesthetics (P = 0.361). One month after cognitive aid implementation, the number of sugammadex administrations decreased by 281 per 1,000 general anesthetics (95% CI, 228 to 333, P < 0.001). In the final study month, there were 509 fewer sugammadex administrations than predicted per 1,000 general anesthetics (95% CI, 366 to 653; P < 0.0001), and total pharmaceutical acquisition costs per 1,000 general anesthetics were $11,947 less than predicted (95% CI, $4,043 to $19,851; P = 0.003). There was no significant change in adverse respiratory events, emergence duration, or administrations of rocuronium, vecuronium, or atracurium. In the final month, there were 75 more suxamethonium administrations than predicted per 1,000 general anesthetics (95% CI, 32 to 119; P = 0.0008). Conclusions Cognitive aid implementation to choose between reversal agents was associated with a decrease in sugammadex use and acquisition costs.
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Ogle, Nikki R., and Shawn R. Akkerman. "Guidance for the Discontinuation or Switching of Antidepressant Therapies in Adults." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 4 (March 4, 2013): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012467210.
Анотація:
Antidepressants (ADs) are commonly used for the treatment of various psychological and other medical disorders. Patient response and regimen duration with individual agents varies, necessitating discontinuation (DC) and/or switching between ADs. However, withdrawal symptoms may occur upon DC of the AD, and clinical symptom control may be compromised if the change to a new AD agent is not initiated appropriately. The purpose of this evaluation was to review the available literature and resources to compile documented methods for discontinuing or changing AD regimens in the clinical setting into a single guidance document. The results of this evaluation have yielded both detailed and general recommendations for practitioners to use and consider in discontinuing an AD and making changes between AD agents. The information provided herein is intended to provide useful guidance for clinicians and other health care professionals in their management of patients discontinuing or switching between selected AD agents.
43
Sarsam, Saad Isaa, and Ali Muhssin Shahatha AL-Shujairy. "Assessing Tensile and Shear Properties of Recycled Sustainable Asphalt Pavement." Journal of Engineering 21, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2015.06.10.
Анотація:
Hot mix recycling of asphalt pavements is increasingly being used as one of the major rehabilitation methods by various highway agencies. Besides general savings in costs and energy expended, it also saves our natural resources and environment. Recycling process presents a sustainable pavement by using the old materials that could be reclaimed from the pavement; these materials could be mixed with recycling agents to produce recycled mixtures. The important expected benefits of recycling process are the conservation of natural resources and reduction of environmental impact. The primary objectives of this work are evaluating the Tensile and Shear Properties of recycled asphalt concrete mixtures, In addition to the resistance to moisture damage. The impact of implementing three types of recycling agents on asphalt concrete properties was also investigated. For this purpose, old materials reclaimed from field, (100% RAP), virgin filler at 3 percent content by weight of mixture and three types of recycling agents ( soft asphalt cement of penetration grade 200-300, soft asphalt cement of penetration grade 200-300 blended with 4% silica fumes and soft asphalt cement of penetration grade 200-300 blended with 6% fly ash ) at 1.5% content by weight of mixture have been implemented and used to prepare recycled mixtures. Mixtures were subjected to the following tests: Marshall Test (12 specimens), indirect tensile strength test at 20ºC, 25ºC, 40ºC, and 60ºC (48 specimens), indirect tensile ratio ( 12 specimens), double punch shear test (12 specimens).
It was found that using (soft asphalt cement blended with silica fumes) as a recycling agent revealed better performance results than the other type of recycling agent. The percentages of variation for recycled mixtures with recycling agent of (soft asphalt cement blended with silica fume) when compared to aged mixture were ( -13.8%, -25.05%, 229.5%, -47.67%, ) for properties of ( Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength at 60ºC, tensile strength ratio, double punch test,), respectively.
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Fratantuono, Michael J. "Collaboration Among Agents of a Human System to Create Distributed Value." Journal of Creating Value 6, no. 1 (May 2020): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394964320918778.
Анотація:
Purpose: This article presents a model that the author calls the Collaborative Enterprise (CE). It serves as a general framework for thinking about all collaborations. Distinguishing feature: The CE focuses first on the purpose of a collaboration, and it then turns to participants, resources and capabilities, and processes. It illustrates the relevance of the model with three mini-case studies. Model type: The model is developed via schematic diagrams and narrative explanation. Model components: The CE posits four generic agents that collectively leverage resources and capabilities as they engage in a structured series of processes. Model attributes: The CE illustrates combinations of self-organization and hierarchy among agent types and emphasizes key processes in a collaboration. Literature: Literature from business strategy; organizational theory; and basic systems theory, including complex adaptive systems, inform the CE. Key insights: The purpose of the CE is to create distributed value by launching initiatives in functional arenas to shape the determinants of high-level goals. Implications: Success in creating distributed value is possible but challenging.
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Keren, Sarah, Avigdor Gal, and Erez Karpas. "Goal Recognition Design in Deterministic Environments." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 65 (July 9, 2019): 209–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11551.
Анотація:
Goal recognition design (GRD) facilitates understanding the goals of acting agents through the analysis and redesign of goal recognition models, thus offering a solution for assessing and minimizing the maximal progress of any agent in the model before goal recognition is guaranteed. In a nutshell, given a model of a domain and a set of possible goals, a solution to a GRD problem determines (1) the extent to which actions performed by an agent within the model reveal the agent’s objective; and (2) how best to modify the model so that the objective of an agent can be detected as early as possible. This approach is relevant to any domain in which rapid goal recognition is essential and the model design can be controlled. Applications include intrusion detection, assisted cognition, computer games, and human-robot collaboration.
A GRD problem has two components: the analyzed goal recognition setting, and a design model specifying the possible ways the environment in which agents act can be modified so as to facilitate recognition. This work formulates a general framework for GRD in deterministic and partially observable environments, and offers a toolbox of solutions for evaluating and optimizing model quality for various settings.
For the purpose of evaluation we suggest the worst case distinctiveness (WCD) measure, which represents the maximal cost of a path an agent may follow before its goal can be inferred by a goal recognition system. We offer novel compilations to classical planning for calculating WCD in settings where agents are bounded-suboptimal. We then suggest methods for minimizing WCD by searching for an optimal redesign strategy within the space of possible modifications, and using pruning to increase efficiency. We support our approach with an empirical evaluation that measures WCD in a variety of GRD settings and tests the efficiency of our compilation-based methods for computing it. We also examine the effectiveness of reducing WCD via redesign and the performance gain brought about by our proposed pruning strategy.
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Kaipa, Krishnanand N., Joshua D. Langsfeld, and Satyandra K. Gupta. "Robot See Robot Do." Mechanical Engineering 136, no. 09 (September 1, 2014): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/9.2014-sep-2.
Анотація:
This article elaborates the concept of programming a robot by showing it how to do the job. This is often called “learning from demonstrations” or “imitation learning.” Labs at several institutions – for example, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne, the University of Maryland, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Worcester Polytechnic Institute – are experimenting with technology that may one day make imitation learning common for machines. The underlying idea of this approach is to allow an agent to acquire the necessary details of how to perform a task by observing another agent (who already has the relevant expertise) perform the same task. Usually, the learning agent is a robot and the teaching agent is a human. Often, the goal of imitation learning approaches is to extract some high-level details about how to perform the task from recorded demonstrations. Research into imitation learning has achieved some impressive results ranging from training unmanned helicopters to perform complex maneuvers to teaching robots general-purpose manipulation tasks.
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FOMICHEVA, S. G. "INFLUENCE OF ATTACK INDICATOR RANKING ON THE QUALITY OF MACHINE LEARNING MODELS IN AGENT-BASED CONTINUOUS AUTHENTICATION SYSTEMS." T-Comm 17, no. 8 (2023): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2023-17-8-45-55.
Анотація:
Security agents of authentication systems function in automatic mode and control the behavior of subjects, analyzing their dynamics using both traditional (statistical) methods and methods based on machine learning. The expansion of the cybersecurity fabric paradigm actualizes the improvement of adaptive explicable methods and machine learning models. Purpose: the purpose of the study was to assess the impact of ranking methods at compromise indicators, attacks indicators and other futures on the quality of detecting network traffic anomalies as part of the security fabric with continuous authentication. Probabilistic and explicable methods of binary classification were used, as well as nonlinear regressors based on decision trees. The results of the study showed that the methods of pre liminary ranking increase the F1-Score and functioning speed for supervised ML-models by an average of 7%. In unsupervised models, preliminary ranking does not significantly affect the training time, but increases the by 2-10%, which justifies their expediency in agent based systems of continuous authentication. Practical relevance: the models developed in the work substantiate the feasibility of mechanisms for preliminary ranking of compromise and attacks indicators, creating patterns prototypes of attack indicators in automatic mode. In general, uncontrolled models are not as accurate as controlled ones, which actualizes the improvement of either explicable uncontrolled approaches to detecting anomalies, or approaches based on methods with reinforcement.
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Kopei, Volodymyr, Oleh Onysko, Cristian Barz, Predrag Dašić, and Vitalii Panchuk. "Designing a Multi-Agent PLM System for Threaded Connections Using the Principle of Isomorphism of Regularities of Complex Systems." Machines 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2023): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11020263.
Анотація:
The PLM concept implies the use of heterogeneous information resources at different stages of the product life cycle, the joint work of which allows the user to effectively solve the problems of product quality and various costs. According to the principle of isomorphism of complex systems’ regularities, an effective PLM system must have these regularities. Unfortunately, this principle is not often fundamental when designing PLM systems. The purpose of this paper is to develop principles, based on the general theory of systems, for the design, operation and use of PLM systems and the implementation on their basis of the educational framework of a PLM system for threaded connections with the possibility of its effective development, research and study. The multi-agent approach to the development of a PLM system provides the necessary prerequisites for the emergence of system-wide regularities in it. The parallel work of agents is implemented using the actor model and the Ray Python-package. Agents for the logical inference of knowledge base facts, CAD/FEA/CAM/SCADA agents, agents for optimization by various methods, and other agents have been developed. Open-source software was used to develop the system. Each agent has relatively simple behavior, implemented by its rule function, and can interact with other agents. The system can work in interactive mode with the user or in automatic mode according to a simple algorithm: the rule functions of all agents are executed until at least one of them returns a value other than None. Examples of the system operation are given and system-wide regularities such as emergence, historicity and self-organization are demonstrated in it.
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Ruan, Ji, and Michael Thielscher. "The Epistemic Logic Behind the Game Description Language." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 25, no. 1 (August 4, 2011): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v25i1.7943.
Анотація:
A general game player automatically learns to play arbitrary new games solely by being told their rules. For this purpose games are specified in the game description language GDL, a variant of Datalog with function symbols and a few known keywords. In its latest version GDL allows to describe nondeterministic games with any number of players who may have imperfect, asymmetric information. We analyse the epistemic structure and expressiveness of this language in terms of epistemic modal logic and present two main results:The operational semantics of GDL entails that the situation at any stage of a game can be characterised by a multi-agent epistemic (i.e., S5-) model;(2) GDL is sufficiently expressive to model any situation that can be described by a (finite) multi-agent epistemic model.
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Kamdar, Renuka, Priyanka Paliwal, and Yogendra Kumar. "A Hybrid Multi-Agent-Based BFPSO Algorithm for Optimization of Benchmark Functions." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 07 (September 20, 2019): 2050112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620501121.
Анотація:
The goal to provide faster and optimal solution to complex and high-dimensional problem is pushing the technical envelope related to new algorithms. While many approaches use centralized strategies, the concept of multi-agent systems (MASS) is creating a new option related to distributed analyses for the optimization problems. A novel learning algorithm for solving the global numerical optimization problems is proposed. The proposed learning algorithm integrates the multi-agent system and the hybrid butterfly–particle swarm optimization (BFPSO) algorithm. Thus it is named as multi-agent-based BFPSO (MABFPSO). In order to obtain the optimal solution quickly, each agent competes and cooperates with its neighbors and it can also learn by using its knowledge. Making use of these agent–agent interactions and sensitivity and probability mechanism of BFPSO, MABFPSO realizes the purpose of optimizing the value of objective function. The designed MABFPSO algorithm is tested on specific benchmark functions. Simulations of the proposed algorithm have been performed for the optimization of functions of 2, 20 and 30 dimensions. The comparative simulation results with conventional PSO approaches demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is a potential candidate for optimization of both low-and high-dimensional functions. The optimization strategy is general and can be used to solve other power system optimization problems as well.