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Статті в журналах з теми "Gender similarity"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Hearn, Jeff. "Sexualities, organizations and organization sexualities: Future scenarios and the impact of socio-technologies (a transnational perspective from the global ‘north’)." Organization 21, no. 3 (February 24, 2014): 400–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508413519764.

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Анотація:

The article opens by briefly reviewing studies of sexuality in and around organizations from the 1970s. These studies showed considerable theoretical, empirical and conceptual development, as in the concept of organization sexuality. Building on this, the article’s first task is to analyse alternative future scenarios for organization sexualities, by way of changing intersections of gender, sexuality and organizational forms. Possible gendered future scenarios are outlined based on, first, gender equality/inequality and, second, gender similarity/difference between women, men and further genders: hyper-patriarchy scenario—men and women becoming more divergent; with greater inequality; late capitalist gender scenario—genders becoming more convergent, with greater inequality; bi-polar scenario—men and women becoming more divergent, with greater equality; postgender scenario—genders becoming more convergent, with greater equality. Somewhat similar scenarios for organization sexualities are elaborated in terms of gender/sexual equality and inequality and sexual/gender similarity and difference: heteropatriarchies scenario—greater sexual/gender difference and greater sexual or sexual/gender inequality; late capitalist sexual scenario—greater sexual/gender similarity and greater sexual or gender/sexual inequality; sexual differentiation scenario—greater sexual/gender difference and greater sexual or sexual/gender equality; sexual blurring scenario—greater sexual/gender similarity and greater sexual or sexual/gender equality. The article’s second task is to addresses the impact of globalizations and transnationalizations, specifically information and communication technologies and other socio-technologies, for future scenarios of organization sexualities. The characteristic affordances of ICTs—technological control, virtual reproducibility, conditional communality, unfinished undecidability—are mapped onto the four scenarios above and the implications outlined.

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2

Gülgöz, Selin, Jessica J. Glazier, Elizabeth A. Enright, Daniel J. Alonso, Lily J. Durwood, Anne A. Fast, Riley Lowe, et al. "Similarity in transgender and cisgender children’s gender development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 49 (November 18, 2019): 24480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909367116.

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Gender is one of the central categories organizing children’s social world. Clear patterns of gender development have been well-documented among cisgender children (i.e., children who identify as a gender that is typically associated with their sex assigned at birth). We present a comprehensive study of gender development (e.g., gender identity and gender expression) in a cohort of 3- to 12-y-old transgender children (n = 317) who, in early childhood, are identifying and living as a gender different from their assigned sex. Four primary findings emerged. First, transgender children strongly identify as members of their current gender group and show gender-typed preferences and behaviors that are strongly associated with their current gender, not the gender typically associated with their sex assigned at birth. Second, transgender children’s gender identity (i.e., the gender they feel they are) and gender-typed preferences generally did not differ from 2 comparison groups: cisgender siblings (n = 189) and cisgender controls (n = 316). Third, transgender and cisgender children’s patterns of gender development showed coherence across measures. Finally, we observed minimal or no differences in gender identity or preferences as a function of how long transgender children had lived as their current gender. Our findings suggest that early sex assignment and parental rearing based on that sex assignment do not always define how a child identifies or expresses gender later.

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3

Keene, Jennifer Reid, and Jill Quadagno. "Predictors of Perceived Work-Family Balance: Gender Difference or Gender Similarity?" Sociological Perspectives 47, no. 1 (March 2004): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2004.47.1.1.

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4

Whitmarsh, Lona, and Diane Keyser Wentworth. "Gender Similarity or Gender Difference? Contemporary Women's and Men's Career Patterns." Career Development Quarterly 60, no. 1 (March 2012): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2012.00005.x.

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5

Tawakkal, George Towar Ikbal, Alifiulahtin Utaminingsih, Andrew D. Garner, Wike Wike, Thomas R. Seitz, and Fadillah Putra. "Similarity Amidst Diversity: Lessons about Women Representation from Pati and Demak." Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review 6, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ipsr.v6i1.22745.

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While the focus of most research in women's politics has been on the number of legislative seats and explaining the under-representation of women and other marginalized groups, we argue that there also needs to be a greater focus on voters themselves and their attitudes about gender representation in Indonesia. We focus on three broad series of questions. First, gender differences in attitudes about women candidates precisely. Second, gender differences in policy priorities. Third, gender differences in attitudes about one specific aspect of Indonesian elections – money politics or what is sometimes referred to as "vote-buying." The data are drawn from a stratified probability sample of citizens in the Demak and Pati regencies in Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 800 respondents were in the sample, including 55 percent of the sample consisted of women. The finding has some interesting implications in how to understand gender differences in Indonesian politics. Men and women both respond with the correct "rhetoric" view about the importance of women candidates and descriptive representation. Still, both genders shift from the "rhetoric" view to the "logic" view about policies that have a more direct impact on their own lives.

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6

Hooijsma, Marianne, Gijs Huitsing, Dorottya Kisfalusi, Jan Kornelis Dijkstra, Andreas Flache, and René Veenstra. "Multidimensional similarity in multiplex networks: friendships between same- and cross-gender bullies and same- and cross-gender victims." Network Science 8, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2020.1.

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AbstractSimilar peers are more likely to become friends, but it remains unclear how the combination of multiple characteristics, known as multidimensional similarity, influences friendships. This study aimed to investigate whether similarity in gender (attribute) and bullying or victimization (network position) contributes to friendships. The school-level networks of friendships and victim-bully relationships in 17 Dutch elementary schools (2,130 students) were examined using multiplex longitudinal social network models (RSiena). The results showed that friendships were more likely to occur between same-gender peers and between bullies sharing their targets of victimization. Multidimensional similarity (similarities in gender as well as bullying) increased the likelihood of friendships for same-gender bullies targeting the same victims, but not for same-gender victims sharing bullies. The findings underline the importance of unraveling the interplay between different dimensions of similarity for children’s relationships and surpass unidimensional similarity based on single attributes.

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7

Heller, Patrice E., and Beatrice Wood. "THE PROCESS OF INTIMACY: SIMILARITY, UNDERSTANDING AND GENDER." Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 24, no. 3 (July 1998): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1998.tb01085.x.

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8

CAMPBELL, JAMES L., and MARK E. JOHNSON. "Marital Status and Gender Similarity in Marital Therapy." Journal of Counseling & Development 69, no. 4 (March 4, 1991): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1991.tb01523.x.

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9

Foley, Sharon, Frank Linnehan, Jeffrey H. Greenhaus, and Christy H. Weer. "The Impact of Gender Similarity, Racial Similarity, and Work Culture on Family-Supportive Supervision." Group & Organization Management 31, no. 4 (August 2006): 420–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601106286884.

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10

Wang, Shuangshuang, Kyungmin Kim, and Jeffrey E. Stokes. "Dyadic profiles of personality among older couples: Associations with marital quality." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 6 (April 8, 2020): 2012–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520916246.

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Understanding dyadic personality configurations and their associations with marital quality helps identify couples who are at high risk of marital strain. However, current research on personality similarity among spouses usually confounds couples with similarly positive and similarly negative personalities. This study aimed to (1) provide a clearer classification of dyadic personality profiles among older couples, (2) examine the associations between these profiles and both partners’ marital quality, and (3) explore gender differences in these associations. Data came from 3,178 older couples drawn from the 2010/2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Latent profile analysis was used to identify dyadic personality profiles based on spouses’ standardized Big Five personality scores. Multilevel models examined associations between dyadic personality profiles and each partner’s marital quality, testing for gender differences as well. Six dyadic personality profiles were identified, including two opposite profiles (52%; positive wife–negative husband and positive husband–negative wife), two similar profiles (40%; similarly positive and similarly negative), and two extreme profiles (8%; extremely negative husband and extremely negative wife). Couples in the similarly positive profile reported the best marital quality, whereas couples in the similarly negative profile and the two extreme profiles reported the worst marital quality. The associations between profiles characterized by negative traits and marital quality were more pronounced among wives than husbands. This study advances the understanding of personality similarity and its consequences, suggesting heterogeneous subgroups of dyadic personalities among older couples and providing evidence of gender differences in the implications of personality similarity for relationship quality.

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11

Ghaus, Bushra, Ishrat Lodhi, and Muhammad Shakir. "Much of a Muchness? The Role of Gender Similarity in a Relationship between LMX and OCB." Global Social Sciences Review III, no. IV (December 30, 2018): 284–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(iii-iv).19.

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The current study, contextualizes in the higher education context of Pakistan, adopts a gender lens for the relationship of gender similarity with LMX (Leader Member Exchange) and OCB (Organizational Citizenship Behaviors). Also, the study attempts investigation of the moderating effects of gender similarity in the relationship of LMX with OCB. The study adopts a quantitative approach with a crosssectional survey design. Multistage proportionate stratified random sampling is employed for the sample of 1008 full-time faculty from 7 Public and 7 Private, HEC recognized universities across Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Standardized 12-item LMXMDM and 12-item OCB scales are employed. Statistical analysis include descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and moderated linear regression. The study ends in equivocal findings regarding the moderating role of gender similarity in a relationship of LMX with OCB across the sample public and private sector universities. The study also yields mixed findings regarding the relationship of gender similarity with LMX. Further the findings of the study do not support the proposition of relationship of gender similarity with OCB.

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12

Nielson, Matthew G., Dawn Delay, Kaitlin M. Flannery, Carol Lynn Martin, and Laura D. Hanish. "Does gender-bending help or hinder friending? The roles of gender and gender similarity in friendship dissolution." Developmental Psychology 56, no. 6 (June 2020): 1157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000930.

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13

Letzring, Tera D. "The Effects of Judge-Target Gender and Ethnicity Similarity on the Accuracy of Personality Judgments." Social Psychology 41, no. 1 (January 2010): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000007.

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One factor that may affect the accuracy of personality judgment is the level of similarity between the judge and the target. In the current study, judges observed four targets with different levels of gender and ethnicity (GE) similarity (same gender and ethnicity, only same gender, only same ethnicity, different gender and ethnicity). Judge-target GE similarity was positively related to the accuracy of personality judgment among female judges, but not among male judges. It was also found that females were both more accurate judges and more accurately judged, but that the combination of both a female judge and a female target only had an additive effect on accuracy. Projection was also related to accuracy. These findings suggest that among the several factors that can be used to predict accuracy, judge-target similarity, gender of the judge, gender of the target, and projection of the judge’s personality onto the target are important.

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14

Clark, M. L., and Marla Ayers. "Friendship Similarity During Early Adolescence: Gender and Racial Patterns." Journal of Psychology 126, no. 4 (July 1992): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1992.10543372.

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15

Selfhout, Maarten H. W., Susan J. T. Branje, and Wim H. J. Meeus. "Similarity in adolescent best friendships: the role of gender." Netherlands journal of psychology 63, no. 2 (June 2007): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03061061.

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16

Jose, Paul E. "The role of gender and gender role similarity in readers' identification with story characters." Sex Roles 21-21, no. 9-10 (November 1989): 697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00289178.

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17

SALAMOURA, ANGELIKI, and JOHN N. WILLIAMS. "The representation of grammatical gender in the bilingual lexicon: Evidence from Greek and German." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 10, no. 3 (October 25, 2007): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728907003069.

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Анотація:

This paper investigates the shared or independent nature of grammatical gender representations in the bilingual mental lexicon and the role word form similarity (as in the case of cognates) plays in these representations. In a translation task from Greek (L1) to German (L2), nouns that had the same gender in both languages were translated faster than nouns with different genders, but only when the L2 target utterance required computation of gender agreement (adjective + noun). This tendency held for both cognates and noncognates. Unlike noncognates, however, gender-incongruent cognates yielded more errors than gender-congruent cognates. These results are interpreted as evidence for a shared L1–L2 gender system with L2 cognates relying more heavily on the L1 gender value than noncognates.

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18

Pedersen, Mogens J., and Vibeke L. Nielsen. "Bureaucratic decision‐making: A multi‐method study of gender similarity bias and gender stereotype beliefs." Public Administration 98, no. 2 (October 24, 2019): 424–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/padm.12622.

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19

Avery, Derek R., Scott Tonidandel, and McKensy G. Phillips. "Similarity on Sports Sidelines: How Mentor–Protégé Sex Similarity Affects Mentoring." Sex Roles 58, no. 1-2 (September 29, 2007): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9321-2.

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20

Dani, Anita. "Learning Mathematics with Intelligent Tutors: Gender Wise Similarity and Differences." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 8, no. 3 (2018): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2018.8.3.1036.

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21

Galla, D. K. Kishore, and Babu Reddy Mukamalla. "Gender classification based on similarity features through SURF and SVM." International Journal of Knowledge Engineering and Data Mining 6, no. 1 (2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijkedm.2019.097353.

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22

M, Babureddy, and G. Kishore. "Gender Classification based on similarity features through SURF and SVM." International Journal of Knowledge Engineering and Data Mining 6, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijkedm.2019.10017991.

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23

Eshel, Yohanan, and Jenny Kurman. "Availability, Similarity, and Gender as Determinants of Adolescent Peer Acceptance1." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 24, no. 21 (November 1994): 1944–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00569.x.

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24

Sosik, John J., and Veronica M. Godshalk. "Examining gender similarity and mentor’s supervisory status in mentoring relationships." Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning 13, no. 1 (April 2005): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13611260500040138.

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25

Goldberg, Barbara, and Romeria Tidwell. "Ethnicity and gender similarity: The effectiveness of counseling for adolescents." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 19, no. 6 (December 1990): 589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01537178.

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26

Falomir-Pichastor, Juan Manuel, Carmen Martínez, and Consuelo Paterna. "Gender-Role's Attitude, Perceived Similarity, and Sexual Prejudice against Gay Men." Spanish journal of psychology 13, no. 2 (November 2010): 841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600002493.

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Two hundred and twenty-six heterosexual participants (115 women and 111 men) were asked to indicate their attitude toward gender-roles, their perceived similarities with gay men, and their attitude toward gay men (i.e., sexual prejudice). As expected, male participants showed more sexual prejudice than female participants, and perceived dissimilarities were related to a greater sexual prejudice. Support for gender-roles was related to sexual prejudice for male participants, but not for female participants. More interestingly, the three-way interaction suggested that perceived similarities moderated the link between gender-roles and sexual prejudice among heterosexual men, but not among heterosexual women. Attitude in favor of traditional gender-roles was related to sexual prejudice for male participants who perceived gay men as different, but not for those who perceived gay men as similar. These findings are discussed in terms of the defensive function of men's attitude toward homosexuality as a result of threat to masculinity.

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27

Lee, Kwan Min, Katharine Liao, and Seoungho Ryu. "Children?s Responses to Computer-Synthesized Speech in Educational Media: Gender Consistency and Gender Similarity Effects." Human Communication Research 33, no. 3 (July 2007): 310–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00301.x.

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28

Martin, Carol Lynn, Richard A. Fabes, Laura Hanish, Stacie Leonard, and Lisa M. Dinella. "Experienced and Expected Similarity to Same-Gender Peers: Moving Toward a Comprehensive Model of Gender Segregation." Sex Roles 65, no. 5-6 (June 29, 2011): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-0029-y.

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29

Tanskanen, Antti O., and Anna Rotkirch. "Sibling similarity and relationship quality in Finland." Acta Sociologica 62, no. 4 (June 26, 2018): 440–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699318777042.

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Siblings form the strongest horizontal family tie, which often involves life-long emotional closeness and various forms of support. Similarity is often assumed to strengthen sibling relations, but existing evidence is scarce and mixed. Using data from the Generational Transmissions in Finland surveys collected in 2012, we employ both total and sibling fixed-effect regressions and examine whether sibling similarity is associated with relationship quality in two family generations: an older generation born in 1945–1950, and the generation of their children, born in 1962–1993. We study sibling similarity in gender, age, financial condition and parenthood status and measure relationship quality by contact frequency, emotional closeness and provision of practical help. In both generations, being of the same gender was associated with all relationship measures. Age similarity was also associated with more contacts and increased emotional closeness in the younger generation, and differences in parenthood status with increased provision of practical help in the older generation. In most aspects, however, sibling similarity was not associated with relationship quality. While sibling relations tend be strong in contemporary Finland, this is only partly due to similarity effects.

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30

Mason, E. Sharon. "Work Values: A Gender Comparison and Implications for Practice." Psychological Reports 74, no. 2 (April 1994): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.2.415.

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The work values of 7,629 managerial and clerical women and men across various industries in the United States were explored. The groups' patterns or rankings of values indicated an over-all lack of similarity among the four groups. Clerical women and men were the least similar to each other while the value patterns of managerial men and women approached similarity. Surprisingly, being treated with respect in the workplace was of paramount importance to both clerical and managerial women. Managerial women also ranked working for a supervisor whom they respect at the top of their value hierarchy.

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31

Barclay, Lizabeth A., Steven Mellor, Carrie A. Bulger, and Lisa M. Kath. "Perceived Steward Success and Leadership Efficacy: The Role of Gender Similarity." Journal of Collective Negotiations (formerly Journal of Collective Negotiations in the Public Sector) 31, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cn.31.2.c.

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32

Taylor, Marianne G., and Susan A. Gelman. "Children's gender- and age-based categorization in similarity and induction tasks." Social Development 2, no. 2 (July 1993): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.1993.tb00006.x.

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33

Aube, Jennifer, and Richard Koestner. "Gender Characteristics and Relationship Adjustment: Another Look at Similarity-Complementarity Hypotheses." Journal of Personality 63, no. 4 (December 1995): 879–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00319.x.

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34

Ensher, Ellen A., and Susan E. Murphy. "Effects of Race, Gender, Perceived Similarity, and Contact on Mentor Relationships." Journal of Vocational Behavior 50, no. 3 (June 1997): 460–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.1547.

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35

Murrikaningrum, Devi Arini, Januarius Mujiyanto, and Mursid Saleh. "Gender Representation on Pictures, Dialogues and Reading Texts in â€œBahasa Inggris Untuk Kelas X SMA/Maâ€." English Education Journal 11, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/eej.v11i1.44568.

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Анотація:

This study focuses on gender representation of the picture, dialogue, and reading texts in a textbook â€“ Bahasa Inggria Untuk Kelas X SMA/MA. For Grade X Senior High School. It used a descriptive qualitative approach, and its objective was both to investigate gender representation in the pictures, dialogue, and reading text and, the representation between them. The study revealed that male domination was found in the picture, dialogues and, reading text as seen from gender visibility, gender-specific nouns, gender-stereotypes. Only, in the dialogues gender stereotype was dominated by female. The relation between picture, reading text and, dialogues, have similarity was dominated by a male, as seen from gender-neutral and gender-specific nouns. Although gender stereotypes and gender visibility in the dialogue were dominated by a female. Gender visibility, gender stereotype, gender-neutral and gender-specific noun between reading texts and pictures, have similarity was dominated by male. The representation between reading text and pictures support each other because they are mutually sustainable. Gender visibility and gender stereotype in the reading text and dialogue have unequal dominated. Gender visibility in the reading text is dominated by a male, while gender visibility in the dialogue is dominated by a female.

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36

Shimoda, Hiroko, and Soili Keskinen. "Ideal Gender Identity Related to Parent Images and Locus of Control: Jungian and Social Learning Perspectives." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2004): 1187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1187-1201.

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In this research, we wanted to clarify how gender images are different or invariant and related to parents, attributes, and the attitude of controlling life (locus of control) in two cultural contexts, Japan and Finland. For this purpose, students' ideal gender images, consisting of ideal mother, female, father and male images, and parents' similarity to the four ideal gender images were studied in 135 Japanese and 119 Finnish university students. Major findings were (a) Japanese students' ideal gender images were more stereotypic than those of Finnish students; (b) students' ideal mother image and parents' similarity to the ideal mother image were related only to their sex, which supports Jung's theory; (c) students socially learned other ideal gender images, but these did not fit with expectation from social learning theory; (d) Japanese students' mothers are models or examples of gender images, but Finnish male students did not seem to base their ideal gender images on their parents. Implication of measures was discussed.

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37

Koseoglu, Gamze, Terry C. Blum, and Christina E. Shalley. "Gender similarity, coworker support, and job attitudes: An occupation’s creative requirement can make a difference." Journal of Management & Organization 26, no. 5 (September 18, 2018): 880–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.40.

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AbstractBy introducing gender similarity as a contextual antecedent of coworker support, we examined the mediating role of coworker support for the relationship between workgroup gender similarity and job attitudes. In addition, we explored how a creative requirement, which is an occupational characteristic, can influence the relationship between coworker support and job attitudes above and beyond the role of supervisor support and organizational support. Results based on 975 full-time employees across a wide variety of occupations and industries indicated that as expected coworker support can serve as an underlying mechanism in the relationship between the relational demography of a workplace and employees’ job satisfaction and intention to quit. Furthermore, coworker support was significantly related to job satisfaction only for those occupations that required high levels of creativity. Finally, the creative requirement of an occupation moderated the indirect effect of gender similarity on job satisfaction through coworker support.

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38

Maccoby, Eleanor E. "Perspectives on gender development." International Journal of Behavioral Development 24, no. 4 (December 2000): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502500750037946.

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Two traditional perspectives on gender development—the socialisation and cognitive perspectives— are reviewed. It is noted that although they deal quite well with individual differences within each sex with regard to degree of sex-typing, they do not offer satisfactory explanations for some of the most robust gender dimorphisms: namely, gender segregation and the divergent patterns of interaction within all-male as compared with all-female dyads or groups. These patterns are briefly summarised, and their similarity to those found in nonhuman primates and other mammals is noted. It is argued that an ethological perspective, and its modern successor the psychobiological perspective, are needed, along with the more traditional perspectives, to provide a comprehensive account of gender development as it occurs in dyads and groups as well as within individual children.

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39

Andrews, Naomi C. Z., Carol Lynn Martin, Rachel E. Cook, Ryan D. Field, and Dawn E. England. "Exploring dual gender typicality among young adults in the United States." International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, no. 4 (April 2, 2019): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025418811125.

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The goal of the current study was to better understand the development of gender typicality in young adulthood by applying the dual-identity approach to gender typicality, previously developed with children, to a university sample. Participants ( n = 215, Mage = 20.20 years; 62% female) were asked to rate their perceived similarity to both own- and other-gender peers. They also completed questionnaires assessing sexist attitudes, internalized sexualization (females), adherence to male-typed behaviors in the context of interpersonal relationships (males; adherence to physical toughness and restrictive emotional expressivity), gender-based relationship efficacy, friendships, self-esteem, social self-efficacy, and social anxiety. Results indicated that self-perceived gender typicality involves comparisons to both gender groups, and that meaningful typologies can be created based on similarity to own- and other-gender groups. As with children, results indicated that identifying with one’s own gender was advantageous in terms of low social anxiety and relationships with own-gender peers. For adults who identified with both own- and other-gender peers, we identified additional social benefits (i.e., efficacy and friendships with other-gender peers). Further, we identified a downside to own-gender typicality: individuals who identified only with their own gender had more sexist attitudes than those who identified with the other gender. Findings support the viability of the dual-identity approach in young adults, and have implications for researchers assessing gender typicality across development.

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40

Wakimoto, Shinobu, and Takehiro Fujihara. "THE CORRELATION BETWEEN INTIMACY AND OBJECTIVE SIMILARITY IN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2004.32.1.95.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between interpersonal intimacy and objective similarity of behavioral tendency. Sixty pairs were measured for the intimacy by Rubin's (1970) Love and Liking scale and objective similarity of behavioral tendency by Tuzuki's (1964) TestDELB(Bform). ANOVA of similarity score indicated a significant main effect of gender make up. The similarity score (measured similarities between the 2 persons) of male-male pairs were higher than male-female pairs. A significant positive correlation between similarity score and liking and the perceived similarity factor was observed for the female of male-female pairs.

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41

Machida-Kosuga, Moe. "Gender (Dis)Similarity in Mentorship Among Intercollegiate Coaches: Implications for Leader Development." Sport Psychologist 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2020-0071.

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Mentoring has been identified as an important antecedent for coaches’ professional and leadership development. I examined how the gender composition of head coach and assistant coach mentorship moderates the relationship between the quality of mentorship and assistant coaches’ leadership skills. The participants were 239 pairs of assistant and head coaches in U.S. college sports. The assistant coaches assessed the quality of mentorship with their head coaches, while the head coaches assessed their assistant coaches’ leadership skills. Mentorship quality was generally related to assistant coaches’ leadership skills, yet the relationships were positive and significant for dyads that involve female head coaches and not significant for dyads that involve male head coaches. The results indicate that gender composition may need to be considered in increasing the effectiveness of coaches’ mentorship. The findings inform the current practices in the implementation of mentoring for coaches’ leader development.

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42

Gehrt, Kenneth, Therese A. Louie, and Asbjorn Osland. "Student and Professor Similarity: Exploring the Effects of Gender and Relative Age." Journal of Education for Business 90, no. 1 (November 6, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2014.968514.

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Xu, Zhenxing, Ling Chen, Haodong Guo, Mingqi Lv, and Gencai Chen. "User similarity-based gender-aware travel location recommendation by mining geotagged photos." International Journal of Embedded Systems 10, no. 5 (2018): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijes.2018.095023.

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44

Chen, Gencai, Mingqi Lv, Haodong Guo, Ling Chen, and Zhenxing Xu. "User similarity-based gender-aware travel location recommendation by mining geotagged photos." International Journal of Embedded Systems 10, no. 5 (2018): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijes.2018.10015748.

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45

Felicio, Diane M., and Carol T. Miller. "Social Comparison in Medical School: What Students Say About Gender and Similarity." Basic and Applied Social Psychology 15, no. 3 (September 1994): 277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp1503_4.

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46

Neziek, John B. "Social Construction, Gender/Sex Similarity and Social Interaction in Close Personal Relationships." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 12, no. 4 (November 1995): 503–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407595124002.

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47

Berkovich, Izhak. "Effects of Principal-Teacher Gender Similarity on Teacher’s Trust and Organizational Commitment." Sex Roles 78, no. 7-8 (August 2, 2017): 561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0814-3.

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48

Nielson, Matthew G., Sonya Xinyue Xiao, and Laura Padilla‐Walker. "Gender similarity in growth patterns of support toward friends during young adulthood." Social Development 29, no. 2 (May 2020): 635–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sode.12419.

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49

Ezghari, Soufiane, Naouar Belghini, Azeddine Zahi, and Arsalane Zarghili. "Fuzzy similarity-based classification method for gender recognition using 3D facial images." International Journal of Biometrics 9, no. 4 (2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbm.2017.088238.

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50

Zarghili, Arsalane, Naouar Belghini, Azeddine Zahi, and Soufiane Ezghari. "Fuzzy similarity-based classification method for gender recognition using 3D facial images." International Journal of Biometrics 9, no. 4 (2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbm.2017.10009328.

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