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Статті в журналах з теми "Gender role conflict"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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1

Kim, Elizabeth J., James M. O'Neil, and Steven V. Owen. "Asian-American Men's Acculturation and Gender-Role Conflict." Psychological Reports 79, no. 1 (August 1996): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.1.95.

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There is limited research on Asian-Americans' acculturation and conflicts with contemporary gender roles. This research assessed three samples of Asian-American men's acculturation and gender-role conflict. Differences between Chinese-American, Japanese-American, and Korean-American men's acculturation and the four patterns of gender-role conflict were analyzed. The relationship of demographic and acculturation variables to gender-role conflict was also calculated. Subjects ( N = 125) were administered a demographic questionnaire, the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-identity Acculturation Scale, and the Gender-role Conflict Scale. Multivariate analysis of variance showed no differences between the Asian-American groups on acculturation and the four patterns of gender-role conflict. A canonical correlation analysis indicated one significant variate connecting acculturation with two patterns of issues of gender-role conflict: success, power, and competition and restrictive emotionality. Methodological limitations and research are mentioned.

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2

Luhaorg, Helen, and Marilyn T. Zivian. "Gender role conflict: The interaction of gender, gender role, and occupation." Sex Roles 33, no. 9-10 (November 1995): 607–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01547720.

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3

Pinhas, Leora, Harriet Weaver, Pier Bryden, Nagi Ghabbour, and Brenda Toner. "Gender-Role Conflict and Suicidal Behaviour in Adolescent Girls." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 47, no. 5 (June 2002): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370204700509.

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Objective: This study examined whether gender-role conflict influenced the suicidal behaviour of adolescent girls. Method: We designed a checklist and used it to perform a chart review. Results: Gender-role conflict was associated with suicidal behaviour in 26.79% of the adolescent girls, and 2.68% of the adolescent boys, that we studied. Conclusions: Gender-role conflict plays an important role in the suicidal behaviour of girls. At present, there is no published research examining the impact of gender-role conflict on suicidal adolescents. Objectif: Cette étude examine si le conflit entre sexe et rôle influence le comportement suicidaire des adolescentes. Méthode: Nous avons mis au point une liste de vérification et l'avons utilisée pour effectuer une étude de dossiers. Résultats: Le conflit sexe-rôle était associé au comportement suicidaire chez 26,79 % des adolescentes et chez 2,68 % des adolescents que nous avons observés. Conclusions: Le conflit sexe-rôle joue un rôle important dans le comportement suicidaire des filles. À l'heure actuelle, aucune étude n'a été publiée sur l'effet du conflit sexe-rôle sur le suicide des adolescentes.

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4

Rustemeyer, Ruth. "Interrelations among Gender-Role Conflict, Typicality of Occupations, and Self-Esteem." Psychological Reports 89, no. 3 (December 2001): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.3.489.

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The present study was conducted with 549 women and men who were employed in gender-typical occupations or who were in vocational training, further qualification, or retraining for one of these job. We examined whether a gender-typical occupation is related to gender-role conflicts of women and men in work settings and whether self-esteem moderates the experiences of conflict. Generally, we cannot confirm influence of gender-typical jobs on experience of conflict. The results, however, supply evidence for the fact that women experience higher gender-role conflicts than men in all occupations. Women and men of low self-esteem engaged in typically female occupations experience especially high gender-role conflict.

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5

Balane, Kit N., and Godofreda O. Tirol. "Masculinity Ideology and Gender Role Conflict." University of Bohol Multidisciplinary Research Journal 3, no. 1 (May 18, 2015): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15631/ubmrj.v3i1.20.

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Masculinity ideology refers to beliefs, constructs, and conceptualizations of the norms and roles of men. This research aimed to find out the level of endorsement of Filipino men to the prevailing masculinity ideology and their level of gender role conflict. Furthermore, this study desired to increase men’s awareness of their roles and work hand in hand with women. A cross-sectional survey research design was utilized for this study. A minimum of 900 questionnaires were purposely distributed to volunteers who were single, working, at least 18 years of age, have finished college, or if not, have at least some college experience to satisfy the requirement for a regression analysis method. Data were subjected to the Pearson R correlation method utilizing SPSS. Results showed the seemingly standing belief that men should be good providers of the family. Individual characteristics defined their roles as being objective, independent, and competitive rather than being physically strong or brave, or attractive to the opposite sex. Among the masculinity ideologies, it is Macho-Guapito (virile -handsome) that is related to all the areas of gender role conflict. Gender role conflict was only slightly experienced by men, with the highest score in the area of success, power, and competition.

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6

Sharpe, Mark J., and P. Paul Heppner. "Gender role, gender-role conflict, and psychological well-being in men." Journal of Counseling Psychology 38, no. 3 (1991): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.38.3.323.

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7

O'NEIL, JAMES M., and MARIANNE ROBERTS CARROLL. "A Gender Role Workshop Focused on Sexism, Gender Role Conflict, and the Gender Role Journey." Journal of Counseling & Development 67, no. 3 (November 1988): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1988.tb02091.x.

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8

Wester, Stephen R. "Male Gender Role Conflict and Multiculturalism." Counseling Psychologist 36, no. 2 (March 2008): 294–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000006286341.

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9

Blazina, Chris, Maribel A. Cordova, Stewart Pisecco, and Anna G. Settle. "Gender Role Conflict Scale for Adolescents." Boyhood Studies 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2007): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/thy.0102.191.

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Анотація:

This study investigated the Gender Role Conflict Scale-Adolescent Version (GRCS-A) and its relationship with the Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS), the measure from which it was adapted. Significant correlations between the adult and adolescent versions provided support for the concurrent validity of the GRCS-A. Further analyses revealed that two other measures of male masculinity, the Adolescent Masculinity Ideology in Relationships Scale (AMIRS) and Male Role Attitudes Scale (MRAS), are also significantly related to the GRCS-A. Implications for future research and clinical use are discussed.

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10

O'Neil, James M. "Summarizing 25 Years of Research on Men's Gender Role Conflict Using the Gender Role Conflict Scale." Counseling Psychologist 36, no. 3 (January 14, 2008): 358–445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000008317057.

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11

Mboh, Lovelyne, and Gabriel Ekobi. "The Role of Women in Indigenous Conflict Management in the Mokgalwaneng Village in the Moses Kotane Local Municipality, South Africa." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 47–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a3.

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Abstract Women have been occupied with managing conflicts in African indigenous communities. However, their contribution in conflict resolution has not been documented in South Africa. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the role of women in managing indigenous conflicts in the Mokgalwaneng community. The data were collected from 14 participants from the Mokgalwaneng community by means of semi-structured and unstructured interview guides and thematically analysed. Three main themes were identified: the types of indigenous conflict, causes of indigenous conflict and the role of women in indigenous conflict management in the Mokgalwaneng community. Findings revealed that there are several types of indigenous conflict in the area. Land, domestic, theft and adultery, fornication and rape were raised as the causes of conflict. Women used indigenous conflict management techniques such as accommodating, collaborating and compromising to manage indigenous conflicts in the area. Also, women in the Mokgalwaneng village assisted indigenous institutions of elders and traditional leaders in resolving conflicts. Although women played a role in the indigenous conflict management, they were being marginalised in relation to indigenous conflict management. This study recommended that gender inclusive conflict management policy should be introduced as this might help promote gender equality and alleviate gender bias.

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12

Fallon, Melissa A., and LaRae M. Jome. "An Exploration of Gender-Role Expectations and Conflict among Women Rugby Players." Psychology of Women Quarterly 31, no. 3 (September 2007): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00374.x.

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Gender-role conflict theory has suggested that women athletes will experience role conflict because they are attempting to enact both feminine and masculine gender roles, yet research findings have shown mixed support for this notion. The purpose of this study was to explore how women rugby players negotiate gender-role expectations and conflict as women participating in a traditionally masculine sport. Eleven Caucasian women, noncollege rugby players between the ages of 25 and 38 were interviewed. The results indicated that women rugby players perceived numerous discrepant gender-role expectations. In addition, three different types of gender-role conflict emerged; however, similar to previous findings, participants perceived conflicting expectations for their gender-role behavior more than they seemed to experience conflict about those expectations. Participants actively employed various strategies to resolve or avoid experiencing gender-role conflict. The resiliency displayed by the women athletes in coping with discrepant gender-role messages provides new considerations for gender-role conflict theory.

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13

Chattopadhyay, Swagata. "Traditional gender roles attitude and romantic partner conflict among males: A Correlational study." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 09 (September 13, 2021): 573–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/09524.

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Анотація:

Social norms and roles can affect our behavior and intrude on our alternatives. On the flip, that has an impact on and strain to comply may be constraining, specifically for individuals and personal goals for individuals who are much less aligned with the norms and roles of the one. Throughout the college years, a person socializing will increase to plenty volume. Chances of having a romantic relationship increase in those years of lifestyle. Exploring and being curious approximately the opposite genders and the eagerness to be in a courting with the alternative gender boom at its height So, conventional roles can also make it more difficult for a few individuals to proportion their precise characteristics, live true to their personal socio-sexual preferences, and self-decide their conduct in relationships. Provided that those man or woman possibilities and behaviors are crit for enjoyable relationships is usually uncertain as to whether or not following conventional norms and roles of masculinity and femininity ultimately helps or hurts a relationship. Gender role attitude here refers to the beliefs held by individuals towards any specific gender as measured by the Gender Role Attitude Scale (GRAS). The instrument was developed by Prof. Dr. Simge Zeyneloölu to determine attitudes towards gender roles. Another scale used was Romantic partner conflict which refers to the everyday conflicts faced by individuals in relationships and how they handle the conflict. The scale was introduced by Tammy L. Zacchill, purpose of this scale is to measure conflict experienced by individuals in romantic relationships. The study aims at seeing the relationship between gender role attitudes and romantic partner conflict among males.

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14

Yang, Xueyan, and Moye Xin. "“Boy Crisis” or “Girl Risk”? The Gender Difference in Nonsuicidal Self-Injurious Behavior Among Middle-School Students in China and its Relationship to Gender Role Conflict and Violent Experiences." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 5 (March 26, 2018): 1275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318763522.

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Purpose: We attempted to test if there were gender differences in nonsuicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behaviors among Chinese middle-school students, and analyze the impact of gender role conflict and violent experiences on these behaviors among middle-school students of different genders. Method: Based on the survey data from seven middle schools in Xi’an region of China, the gender difference in NSSI behaviors and its associated factors were analyzed in this study. Results: There was no significant gender difference in NSSI behaviors among middle-school students; however, female middle-school students were more likely to experience gender role conflicts while male students were more likely to experience all kinds of violence earlier. Gender role conflicts and violent experiences can explain the prevalence of NSSI behaviors by gender, to some extent. Conclusions: The hypothesis on gender patterns of “boy crisis” or “girl risk” on NSSI prevalence was not verified; however, a “girl risk” for gender role conflicts and a “boy crisis” in violent experiences were found. The gender role conflicts were significantly associated with NSSI prevalence among middle-school students to some extent; however, this relationship was adjusted by variables of violent experiences. The different variables of violent experiences were the important predictors of NSSI prevalence among male and female middle-school students with specific contents varying across genders.

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15

Ide, Tobias, Marisa O. Ensor, Virginie Le Masson, and Susanne Kozak. "Gender in the Climate-Conflict Nexus: “Forgotten” Variables, Alternative Securities, and Hidden Power Dimensions." Politics and Governance 9, no. 4 (October 22, 2021): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i4.4275.

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The literature on the security implications of climate change, and in particular on potential climate-conflict linkages, is burgeoning. Up until now, gender considerations have only played a marginal role in this research area. This is despite growing awareness of intersections between protecting women’s rights, building peace and security, and addressing environmental changes. This article advances the claim that adopting a gender perspective is integral for understanding the conflict implications of climate change. We substantiate this claim via three main points. First, gender is an essential, yet insufficiently considered intervening variable between climate change and conflict. Gender roles and identities as well as gendered power structures are important in facilitating or preventing climate-related conflicts. Second, climate change does affect armed conflicts and social unrest, but a gender perspective alters and expands the notion of what conflict can look like, and whose security is at stake. Such a perspective supports research inquiries that are grounded in everyday risks and that document alternative experiences of insecurity. Third, gender-differentiated vulnerabilities to both climate change and conflict stem from inequities within local power structures and socio-cultural norms and practices, including those related to social reproductive labor. Recognition of these power dynamics is key to understanding and promoting resilience to conflict and climate change. The overall lessons drawn for these three arguments is that gender concerns need to move center stage in future research and policy on climate change and conflicts.

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16

Choi, Namok, Kevin Herdman, Dale R. Fuqua, and Jody L. Newman. "Gender-Role Conflict and Gender-Role Orientation in a Sample of Gay Men." Journal of Psychology 145, no. 5 (September 2011): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2011.590163.

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17

Blashill, Aaron J., and Honore M. Hughes. "Gender Role and Gender Role Conflict: Preliminary Considerations for Psychotherapy with Gay Men." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health 13, no. 3 (July 16, 2009): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19359700902914300.

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18

Yu, Lu, and Hong Ren. "An identity conflict perspective on female expatriate work adjustment." Journal of Global Mobility 9, no. 3 (May 20, 2021): 408–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-08-2020-0056.

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PurposeThis study aims to develop a model for female expatriate work adjustment from the identity conflict perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis is a theoretical paper that focuses on integrating the existing literature and proposing new constructive relationships.FindingsWe study female expatriates' adjustment processes in the work domain from the identity conflict perspective. Specifically, we categorize female expatriates' identities in the work domain into their gender identity and a work-related role identity cluster and propose that when gender identity is salient, unsupportive national and organizational cultures will lead to gender–work role identity conflicts and eventually result in maladjustment in the work domain.Originality/valueFirst, we suggest that female expatriates' work role identities can form a cluster that includes expatriate role, managerial role and occupational role identity. We further theorize how the gender role identity and the work-related role identity cluster of female expatriates interact to influence how they adjust to their work. Second, we explore two contingency factors – host organizational culture and host national culture–and explain how they influence the interaction between female expatriates' gender identity and work-related role identities. Finally, we introduce the concept of gender–work role identity conflict and theorize how it serves as the underlying mechanism linking female expatriate identity patterns and work adjustment.

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19

K.C., Luna, Gemma Van Der Haar, and Dorothea Hilhorst. "Changing Gender Role: Women’s Livelihoods, Conflict and Post-conflict Security in Nepal." Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 4, no. 2 (August 2017): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347797017710743.

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This article examines how the Maoist conflict in Nepal affected women ex-combatants and non-combatants, looking at shifts in gender roles during and after the conflict particularly from the standpoint of current livelihood challenges. We argue changing gender roles largely depends upon everyday practice of gender division of labour and power as it evolved during and after the conflict. We also found the conflict had different and contradictory effects: Both categories of women experienced shift in gender roles, with women taking on tasks earlier reserved for men, but this effect was strongest amongst ex-combatants during conflict. In the aftermath of conflict, these changes were partly reversed and especially ex-combatant women faced severe livelihood challenges and returned to traditional gender roles. The article also considers how women experience state and non-state responses meant to improve their livelihoods security in the post-conflict setting. The article is based on in-depth fieldwork in Chitwan and Kathmandu districts of Nepal. It draws on interviews with women ex-combatants/non-combatants and key informant interviews.

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20

Dierckx, Myrte, Dimitri Mortelmans, and Joz Motmans. "Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict Among Partners of Trans People." Journal of Family Issues 40, no. 1 (September 29, 2018): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18800362.

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Experiences of family members are often overlooked in social research on gender transitions. The current article aims to address this gap by considering the experiences of partners during a gender transition, approaching this topic through role theory and the concepts of role ambiguity and role conflict. Seventeen partners and former partners were interviewed. First, we distinguished three different roles of partners during the transition: the co-parental role, the ally role and the romantic partner role. We found that ambiguity was most apparent for the romantic partner role. Second, we observed that the expectations which accompany these different roles often contradict each other during gender transition. This leads to role conflict. We discuss how this role conflict may influence the acceptance and adaptation process of the partner and steer certain relationship outcomes. In the discussion, we construct three types of adaptation processes of partners.

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21

Hergatt Huffman, Ann, Kristine J. Olson, Thomas C. O’Gara Jr, and Eden B. King. "Gender role beliefs and fathers’ work-family conflict." Journal of Managerial Psychology 29, no. 7 (September 2, 2014): 774–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-11-2012-0372.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the part that gender roles play in fathers’ work-family experiences. The authors compared two models (gender role as a correlate and as a moderator) and hypothesized that gender role beliefs play an important factor related to fathers’ experiences of work-family conflict. Design/methodology/approach – Participants completed an online survey that consisted of questions related to work and family experiences. The final sample consisted of 264 employed, married fathers. Findings – Results showed a relationship between traditional gender role beliefs and number of hours spent at work and at home. Additionally, number of work hours was related to time-based work-to-family conflict, but not strain-based work-to-family conflict. The results supported the expectation that work hours mediate the relationship between a father's traditional gender role beliefs and time-based work-to-family conflict. Research limitations/implications – Limitations of this study include the use cross-sectional and self-report data. Future research might want to expand the theoretical model to be more inclusive of fathers of more diverse demographic backgrounds, and assess the model with a longitudinal design. Practical implications – A key theoretical implication gleaned from the study is that work-family researchers should include the socially constructed variable of gender roles in their work-family research. Findings provide support for the contention that organizations need to ensure that mothers’ and fathers’ unique needs are being met through family-friendly programs. The authors provide suggestions for specific workplace strategies. Originality/value – This is one of the first studies that focussed on fathers’ experiences of the work-family interface. The results clarify that traditional gender role beliefs give rise to fathers’ gendered behaviors and ultimately work-family conflict.

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22

Toubia, Benjamin. "Gender Role Conflict, Role Division, and the Gay Relational Experience." Journal of Systemic Therapies 33, no. 4 (December 2014): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jsyt.2014.33.4.15.

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23

Sánchez-Vidal, M. Eugenia, David Cegarra-Leiva, and Christine Cross. "Gender differences in inter-role conflict in Spain." Employee Relations: The International Journal 42, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-02-2019-0120.

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Purpose Attention on the issue of individual level conflict between work and life roles remains a feature of studies on work-life balance. However, few studies have examined gender differences in the work-to-life conflict (WLC) and the life-to-work conflict (LWC) over a given period in Spain. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap in the literature. Design/methodology/approach This research uses a two-wave (2009–2014) sample of working employees with children from an industrial sector in Spain. Findings The 2009 results showed no gender differences in WLC; however, women experienced LWC significantly more than men. Conversely, the 2014 results showed more men suffered WLC and no gender differences were found for LWC. Research limitations/implications One limitation is that we do not know if the same respondents answered the questionnaires in both time periods. Second, we did not analyse the inter-role conflict experienced by childless or single employees. Finally, and as stated before, findings may not be generalisable to other countries or sectors of activities. Social implications Our findings are discussed in the context of the economic crisis, the labour market and family co-responsibility in Spanish society. Originality/value Few studies have explored gender differences on inter-role conflict at two time points, and helps to identify key findings in terms of co-responsibility. Furthermore, this research is conducted in Spain, which is under-researched in WLB terms. The paper also identifies two distinct constructs of the inter-role conflict.

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이수연, 김지현, Kim Jin-ah, and 김인순. "Development of Korean Male Gender Role Conflict Scale." Women's Studies 82, no. 1 (June 2012): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33949/tws.2012..1.001.

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25

RITTER, ALISON J., and MICHAEL J. COLE. "Men's issues: gender role conflict and substance abuse." Drug and Alcohol Review 11, no. 2 (April 1992): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239200185641.

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26

Brewer, Neil, Patricia Mitchell, and Nathan Weber. "GENDER ROLE, ORGANIZATIONAL STATUS, AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLES." International Journal of Conflict Management 13, no. 1 (January 2002): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb022868.

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27

Thompkins, Christine Durham, and Robert A. Rando. "Gender role conflict and shame in college men." Psychology of Men & Masculinity 4, no. 1 (January 2003): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.4.1.79.

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28

Cole, Brian P., Michael Baglieri, Scott Ploharz, Margaret Brennan, Michael Ternes, Tristan Patterson, and Ashley Kuznia. "What’s Right With Men? Gender Role Socialization and Men’s Positive Functioning." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 1 (October 12, 2018): 155798831880607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318806074.

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Анотація:

This study explored relations between conformity to masculine norms, gender role conflict, hope, and psychological well-being among a sample of 389 men from a university, with a predominantly White student body, located in the Midwestern United States. Bivariate correlations revealed that men’s conformity to masculine norms and gender role conflict were positively correlated. Bivariate correlations revealed no significant relations between conformity to masculine norms, trait hope, and psychological well-being. Gender role conflict was associated with decreased hope and psychological well-being. Results of path analysis explained relations between conformity to masculine norms, gender role conflict, trait hope, and psychological well-being. This indicates that gender role conflict may contribute to lower trait hope and psychological well-being for college men. Although several aspects of conformity to masculine norms had positive associations with hope, these relations were significant and negative when men experienced gender role conflict. This work fills an important gap in the literature by examining the unique relations of conformity to masculine norms and gender role conflict to men’s positive functioning. Results are discussed within the context of positive psychological theories including Frederickson’s broaden and build theory of positive emotions, hope theory, Ryff’s model of psychological well-being, and self-determination theory. Implications and future directions are discussed.

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Khan, Zarmina, and Danish Ahmed Siddiqui. "Antecedents 0f Women WorkForce Conflict and Turnover: The Role of Culture and Environment." Human Resource Research 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/hrr.v4i1.16798.

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Resolving workforce conflict and turnover issues have being a great concern. Even a greater challenge is to know how this conflict takes place. Organizations working to overcome gender inequality find it even more difficult to cope up with this situation when conflict arises in the Women Workforce. This study aims to explore the reason for Women Workforce conflict and turnover, and particularly explore the role of culture and environment. We proposed a theoretical framework explaining this phenomenon. We hypothesized that various factors such as Psychological work factors, lack of Diversity, incivility, Discriminatory HR planning, no identity separation, and Gender inequality negatively affect both work both culture and environment. And this would ultimately lead to women workforce turnover and conflicts. We establish its empirical validity by conducting a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 314 individuals and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results showed that Diversity, and Identity Separation have a positive whereas Gender Inequality, and Discriminatory HR Planning have a negative significant effect on the Work Environment. Moreover, the work environment in turn positively affects Women Workforce Turnover and Workforce Conflict. Psychosocial work Factors also positively affect work culture, which subsequently affects both and Women Workforce Turnover, and Conflict. Hence work environment, and culture both play an effective mediatory role in-between these factors and Women Workforce Turnover, and Conflict. Findings imply that Culture and work environment should have been considered in a professional and well-directed manner.

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30

Wisch, Andrew F., and James R. Mahalik. "Male therapists' clinical bias: Influence of client gender roles and therapist gender role conflict." Journal of Counseling Psychology 46, no. 1 (1999): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.46.1.51.

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31

Sola García, Marina. "Challenging Violence and Victimisation Discourses in International Relations. The experiences of Men and Women during the Rwandan Genocide = Desafiando los discursos de violencia y victimización en las relaciones internacionales. Las experiencias de hombres y mujeres durante el genocidio de Ruanda." FEMERIS: Revista Multidisciplinar de Estudios de Género 3, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2018.4076.

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Abstract. The study of the roles of men and women during violent conflicts and postconflict situations has traditionally restricted the experiences of women to those of victims, and those of men to violent perpetrators. This paper adopts a feminist constructivist approach to explore how traditional gender discourses have sustained the victimisation of women and the association of violence with men in the roles of aggressors and protectors. Throughout the case study of the Rwandan genocide, this research illustrates gender stereotypes tend to ignore on the one hand the role of women as violent perpetrators, and on the other hand, the victim status of men during conflicts. This study attempts to show experiences of Rwandan women were not limited to those of victims, but they planned and participated in genocidal violence and abuses. Additionally, and also contrary to traditional gender discourses, Rwandan men compromised the first targets of violence during the conflict. This thesis concludes that a broader and deeper understanding of conflict studies and ultimately world politics can be acquired by challenging traditional gender discourses, and investigating and recognizing the multifaceted experiences of women and men in conflict and post-conflict situations.Keywords: victimisation, violence, masculinity, femininity, “beautiful souls”, “just warriors”, passivity, agency.Resumen. El estudio de los roles de hombres y mujeres durante situaciones de conflictos y de los escenarios post-conflicto, tradicionalmente ha restringido las experiencias de las mujeres a las de las víctimas, y las de los hombres a los perpetradores de violencia. Este documento adopta un enfoque constructivista feminista para explorar cómo los discursos tradicionales de género han sostenido por un lado, la victimización de las mujeres, y por otro lado, la asociación de la violencia con los hombres bien sea en su papel de agresores y/o protectores. A lo largo del estudio de caso del genocidio de Ruanda, esta investigación ilustra que en situaciones de conflicto los estereotipos de género tienden a ignorar, por una parte, el papel de las mujeres como perpetradoras violentas y, por otra parte, el estatus de víctima de los hombres. Este estudio intenta mostrar que las experiencias de las mujeres ruandesas no se limitaron únicamente a las de las víctimas, sino que planificaron y participaron de manera active en la violencia y abusos genocidas. Además, y también en contra de los discursos de género tradicionales, los hombres de Ruanda conformaron los primeros objetivos y víctimas de la violencia durante el conflicto. Esta tesis concluye que se puede adquirir una comprensión más amplia y profunda de los estudios de conflicto y, en última instancia, de la política mundial, desafiando los discursos tradicionales de género e investigando y reconociendo las experiencias multifacéticas de mujeres y hombres en situaciones de conflicto y posconflicto.Palabras clave: victimización, violencia, masculinidad, femininidad, “almas hermosas”, “guerreros justos”, pasividad, agencia.

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32

Shelton, Katherine H., Gordon T. Harold, Marcie C. Goeke-Morey, and E. Mark Cummings. "Children's Coping with Marital Conflict: The Role of Conflict Expression and Gender." Social Development 15, no. 2 (May 2006): 232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2006.00338.x.

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33

Brahmana, Karina Meriem Beru, Suryanto Suryanto, and Bagong Suyanto. "Gender role conflict model of pastors’ husbands at batak karo protestant church." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 13, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v13i2.360.

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This research aims to propose a gender role conflict model of GBKP (Protestant Batak Karo Church, Indonesia) pastors’ husbands with masculine ideology, marital adjustment, and self-esteem as mediators, using SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Squares). In order to measure gender-role conflict, the four-point gender-role conflict scale developed was used. The Male Role Norms Scale (MRNS) was used to measure masculine ideology, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) was used to measure marital adjustment and The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) was used to measure self-esteem. The subjects of this research were 79 pastors’ husbands at Batak Karo Protestant Church. From the five proposed hypotheses, two were accepted and three were rejected. The two accepted hypotheses were the effect of masculine ideology towards gender-role conflict and the effect of marital adjustment towards gender-role conflict. Meanwhile, the hypotheses of the effects of both masculine ideology and marital adjustment towards self-esteem, as well as the effect of self-esteem towards gender-role conflict were rejected.

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34

Wolfram, Hans-Joachim, Gisela Mohr, and Jenni Borchert. "Gender Role Self-concept, Gender-role Conflict, and Well-being in Male Primary School Teachers." Sex Roles 60, no. 1-2 (July 2, 2008): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9493-4.

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35

Dodson, Thomas A., and L. Anne Borders. "Men in Traditional and Nontraditional Careers: Gender Role Attitudes, Gender Role Conflict, and Job Satisfaction." Career Development Quarterly 54, no. 4 (June 2006): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2006.tb00194.x.

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36

Peters, Debra K., and Peggy J. Cantrell. "Gender roles and role conflict in feminist lesbian and heterosexual women." Sex Roles 28, no. 7-8 (April 1993): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00289603.

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37

Moore, Dahlia, and Abraham Gobi. "Role conflict and perceptions of gender roles (the case of Israel)." Sex Roles 32, no. 3-4 (February 1995): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01544791.

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38

Wester, Stephen R., Heidi Fowell Christianson, David L. Vogel, and Meifen Wei. "Gender role conflict and psychological distress: The role of social support." Psychology of Men & Masculinity 8, no. 4 (October 2007): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.8.4.215.

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39

Bordean, Ovidiu Niculae, Dalma Szonja Rácz, Sebastian Ion Ceptureanu, Eduard Gabriel Ceptureanu, and Zenovia Cristiana Pop. "Gender Diversity and the Choice of Conflict Management Styles in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 7136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177136.

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The current study investigates the relation between biological sex and gender role upon the choice of conflict management styles. The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) measured the gender role and Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II (ROCI-II) Form C measured the conflict handling styles. Participants were employees of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The results found that biological sex has no correlation with the choice of conflict management style. On the other hand, the findings have shown that gender role is a predictor for the choice of conflict management styles as masculine individuals were highest on the dominating conflict style, whereas feminine individuals were highest on the avoiding style.

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40

Kanckos, Lise. "Negotiating reproduction: religion, gender and sexuality in political conflicts." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 19 (January 1, 2006): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67306.

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In this article the author discusses the role of ethics and religion in the context of the current political debate on assisted reproduction in Finland. There is reason to ask why the issues of family structures, gender roles and sexuality cause conflict situations in politics and society. How should we understand the nature of political conflicts concerning family, gender and sexuality? For a proper understanding of these conflicts, we need a nuanced analysis of the role of ethics and religion in political debates in a secular European culture. In this article the author focuses on two examples drawn from Finnish discussions of assisted reproduction. The first example comes from recent parliamentary discussion of assisted reproduction, and the second example from how the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Finland has reflected on the same issue.

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41

Abdul Jassim, M. Abas. "Conflict of role of the employee." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 227, no. 3 (December 5, 2018): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v227i3.780.

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The combination of job and marriage is a heavy burden on men and women, and these multiple roles can be a cause of stress and suffering in men and women, the stress of personal relationships with others, how this affects the end of the day, the father's interaction with family members, At the end of the day that is full of demands and workload, to the behavioral and emotional withdrawal in their interaction with their children, so that their conflict with their children and their spouses increases after exposure to work to create stress resulting from their interaction with others. The current research was aimed at identifying: 1-measuring the conflicts of the roles employees. 2-To identify the significance of the statistical differences according to the gender variable (male – female). The current research was determined by the staff working in the Iraqi ministries and related departments in Baghdad governorate for the year 2015-2016. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built the scale of the conflicts of the bilateral roles of (30) paragraphs, and then the scale was applied to the sample of the research (100) ) Was employed in four ministries, where the discriminatory force of the scales was extracted and it became apparent that there were two non-distinguishing paragraphs (8, 16). Stability has been derived by means of a half-split method using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Thus, the number of paragraphs on the scale of conflicts of bilateral roles has reached its (28) final form. The research reached several results, including: 1-The conflicts of the roles of the binary members of the sample research is higher than the average satisfactory. 2- There are significant differences in the conflicts of the binary roles of the research sample according to gender variable and in favor of males. Based on these results, the researcher came up with a number of recommendations and suggestions

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42

Kremer, Inbar. "The relationship between school-work-family-conflict, subjective stress, and burnout." Journal of Managerial Psychology 31, no. 4 (May 9, 2016): 805–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-01-2015-0014.

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Purpose – School has been neglected as a source of stress and strain resulting from its inevitable conflict with work and family role demands among married, working students. The meager research available has examined only work-school (not school-work) conflict among adolescents and college students and only three studies (two unpublished) have developed measures of conflict involving work, family, and school without studying its antecedents and consequences. The purpose of this paper is to examine all six school-work-family interrole conflicts and their effects on subjective stress and burnout. It was hypothesized that the greater the conflict between family, work, and school roles, the greater the subjective stress and burnout and that women experience more work-family-school conflicts than do men. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 100 working married adult students completed self-report demographic questionnaire, school-work-family conflict, subjective stress, and burnout scales. Findings – Regression results revealed that school-work (but not work-school) conflict was the only one of the six interrole conflicts examined that contributed to subjective stress and burnout. Women reported greater work-family conflict and family-work conflict. There were no differences between men and women involving school; where gender plays no role, it causes no conflict. Research limitations/implications – Scholars interested in interrole conflict involving family and work should expand the scope of their theories and research to include the school role. Originality/value – The present study was the first to examine all six school-work-family interrole conflicts and their effects on subjective stress and burnout.

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43

Amplieieva, O. M., and H. V. Sybirska. "INTERNAL PERSONAL ROLE GENDER CONFLICT OF THE MODERN WOMAN." Habitus, no. 21 (2021): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/2663-5208.2021.21.43.

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44

Huber, Brad R. "The Recruitment of Nahua Curers: Role Conflict and Gender." Ethnology 29, no. 2 (April 1990): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3773755.

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45

Heppner, P. Paul, and Mary J. Heppner. "The Gender Role Conflict Literature: Fruits of Sustained Commitment." Counseling Psychologist 36, no. 3 (January 14, 2008): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000007310865.

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46

Enns, Carolyn Zerbe. "Toward a Complexity Paradigm for Understanding Gender Role Conflict." Counseling Psychologist 36, no. 3 (January 14, 2008): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000007310974.

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47

Mahalik, James R., Robert J. Cournoyer, William DeFranc, Marcus Cherry, and Jeffrey M. Napolitano. "Men's gender role conflict and use of psychological defenses." Journal of Counseling Psychology 45, no. 3 (July 1998): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.45.3.247.

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48

McDaniel, Susan H. "Marital Therapy and the Resolution of Gender Role Conflict." Journal of Family Psychotherapy 1, no. 3 (November 19, 1990): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j085v01n03_03.

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49

Gutek, Barbara A., Sabrina Searle, and Lilian Klepa. "Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict." Journal of Applied Psychology 76, no. 4 (August 1991): 560–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.4.560.

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50

Mahalik, James R. "Interpersonal psychotherapy with men who experience gender role conflict." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 30, no. 1 (1999): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.30.1.5.

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