Статті в журналах: "Gender ideologies"

1

Nelson, Julie A. "Gender and Economic Ideologies." Review of Social Economy 51, no. 3 (October 1993): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/758537259.

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2

Sherman, Howard J. "Gender and Economic Ideologies." Review of Social Economy 51, no. 3 (October 1993): 302–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/758537260.

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3

Eichenlaub, Constance. "Ideologies of Gender Discourse." European Legacy 7, no. 4 (August 2002): 503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848770220150799.

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4

Buyana, Kareem, Shuaib Lwasa, and Peter Kasaija. "Gender Ideologies and Climate Risk." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (January 2019): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2019010102.

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Although African cities are nodes of scalable solutions to climate uncertainty, adaptation efforts rarely build on the gender-climate nexus for sustainability. This article examines how gender ideologies intersect with climate risks, based on case study findings from Kampala in Uganda. Climatic hazards in Kampala include prolonged dry spells and seasonal floods; which destroy infrastructure, contaminate air and lead to unprecedented spread of cholera and malaria. Both conventional and emancipatory gender ideologies are characteristic of how the gender-climate nexus shapes adaptation at neighborhood scale. Women, as custodians of domestic hygiene, navigate the health risks of flooding through trade-offs among competing uses of their time and labour, as men comply with the masculinity code of family safety to repair flooded homes and drainages. Emancipatory gender ideologies on the other hand are manifested by women's and men's agency to adopt alternative energy sources and urban greening that have potential for sustainability.

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5

Bystydzienski, Jill M., Nickie Charles, and Helen Hintjens. "Gender, Ethnicity and Political Ideologies." Contemporary Sociology 29, no. 2 (March 2000): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2654443.

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6

Jamal Fadhil, Dhafar, and May Stephan Rezq Allah. "A Feminist Discourse Analysis of Writer's Gender Biases about Violence Against Women." Journal of the College of languages, no. 44 (June 1, 2021): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0021.

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The present study is concerned with the writer's ideologies towards violence against women. The study focuses on analyzing violence against women in English novel to see the extent the writers are being affected and influenced by their genders. It also focuses on showing to what extent the writer's ideologies are reflected in their works. Gender influences social groups ideologies; therefore, when a writer discusses an issue that concerns the other gender, they will be either subjective or objective depending on the degree of influence, i.e., gender has influenced their thoughts as well as behaviors. A single fact may be presented differently by different writers depending on the range of affectedness by ideologies. The study aims to uncover the hidden gender-based ideologies by analyzing the discursive structure of a novel based on Van Dijk's model (2000) of ideology and racism. The selected novel is based on discussing violence against women. The study will later on reveal the real writer’s gender-based ideologies and whether the writer is a feminist or an anti-feminist? Or Is he prejudiced? Or Is he biased?

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7

Hamjediers, Maik. "Can Regional Gender Ideologies Account for Variation of Gender Pay Gaps? The Case of Germany." Social Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10090347.

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While research often invokes gender disparities in wage-determining characteristics to explain gender pay gaps, why these gender disparities and gender pay gaps vary across contexts has received less attention. Therefore, I analyze how subnational gender ideologies predict gender pay gaps in two ways: as directly affecting gender pay gaps and as indirectly predicting gender pay gaps through intermediate gender disparities in determinants of wage. The analyses are based on German survey data (SOEP 2014–2018) supplemented with regional-level statistics. First, I leverage regional differences in predictors of gender ideologies to estimate region-specific gender ideologies. Mapping these gender ideologies across Germany reveals substantial regional variation. Second, multi-level models provide region-specific gender disparities in wage determinants and gender pay gaps. Results reveal that traditional gender ideologies are associated with women gaining less labor market experience and working less often in full-time jobs or supervising positions. In addition to this indirect association, gender ideologies directly predict the extent of adjusted gender pay gaps. These associations contribute novel evidence on regional variation of gender ideologies and how they can underlie explanations often invoked for gender pay gaps.

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8

Vincent, Susan. "Gender Ideologies and the Informal Economy." Latin American Perspectives 25, no. 2 (March 1998): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x9802500207.

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9

CIABATTARI, TERESA. "CHANGES IN MEN'S CONSERVATIVE GENDER IDEOLOGIES." Gender & Society 15, no. 4 (August 2001): 574–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124301015004005.

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10

Rothausen-Vange, Teresa J. "Gender: Work-Family Ideologies and Roles1." Organization Management Journal 1, no. 1 (May 2004): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/omj.2004.13.

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11

XU, XIAOHE, and SHU-CHUAN LAI. "Resources, Gender Ideologies, and Marital Power." Journal of Family Issues 23, no. 2 (March 2002): 209–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x02023002003.

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12

Rasool, Sarwet. "Media Discourse And Gender: Issues Of Reconstruction Of Gender Ideologies In Pakistani Television Advertisements." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 8, no. 1 (March 8, 2014): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v8i1.344.

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Traditionally Pakistani society exhibits stereotypical patriarchal gender ideologies in all spheres of life. Pakistani media also operates under the same patriarchal framework of received definitions of gender. When it comes to Pakistani television advertisements, to ensure social acceptability, typically they represent men and women in their perceived gender roles. However, recently a wave of change can be noticed in these advertisements as many advertisements challenge and/ or reconstruct gender ideologies implicitly or explicitly. In the current research advertisements selected from diverse domains including edibles, cell phones and services, beauty products and toiletries denote a change across gender stereo-typicality. The paper investigates whether, how far and in what ways gender roles and ideologies are challenged and reconstructed; and what thematic, linguistic and extra linguistic strategies are used in Pakistani television advertisements. It is expected that the paper will provide insights into the processes of reconstruction of gender ideologies in Pakistan.

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13

Lomotey, Benedicta Adokarley. "Exploring Gender Ideologies in Social Media Jokes During the Coronavirus Pandemic." Gender Studies 19, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/genst-2021-0005.

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Abstract This paper investigates contemporary gender ideologies as manifested in social media during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. Using a Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis approach, the author analyses jokes in memes and news items posted through social media in the form of videos, pictures, and texts. Specifically, it focuses on how gender stereotypes and ideologies are constructed and sustained through humour, in several themes built upon gendered representations. The author analyses the complex configuration of factors such as beliefs, stereotypes, and ideologies, which, closely interwoven, form the tapestry of the gender order. Additionally, in order to establish the constancy of gender ideologies over time and across cultures, a correlation is made between the gender ideologies reflected in proverbs and those manifested in the internet memes. The study contends that the complex role of humour enhances the subtle propelling of gender stereotypes and ideologies and ultimately, the existing gender status quo.

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14

Yule, Jean. "Engendered ideologies and leisure policy in the UK. Part 1: gender ideologies." Leisure Studies 16, no. 2 (January 1997): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026143697375421.

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15

Stoeltje, Beverly J. "Gender Ideologies and Discursive Practices in Asante." PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 23, no. 2 (November 2000): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/pol.2000.23.2.77.

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16

Grunow, Daniela, Katia Begall, and Sandra Buchler. "Gender Ideologies in Europe: A Multidimensional Framework." Journal of Marriage and Family 80, no. 1 (January 11, 2018): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12453.

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17

Clark, Juliet. "Filipino Women in Tasmania: Negotiating Gender Ideologies." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 13, no. 3 (September 2004): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680401300304.

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18

Mcmillin, Divya C. "Ideologies of Gender on Television in India." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 9, no. 1 (March 2002): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097152150200900101.

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Content analyses of Indian television programmes on the national network Doordarshan in the 1980s have shown that prime-time shows cast women as docile homemakers and as objects of male desire. This paper uses a critical postcolonial theoretical framework and narrative analysis method to detect ideologies of gender from programmes randomly selected from a month's menu of the transnational, national and regional television networks in the country. A broad conclusion is that Indian television in the late 1990s perpetuates, across channels, the 1980s' stereotypical images of women, images that have their roots in Vedic, colonial, and nationalist literature. The status quo is explained through a critical discussion of the framing of 'woman' in colonial and postcolonial nation-building efforts. The paper also points to the emerging genre of hybrid programming, where the greater incidence of female veejays and talk show hosts paves the way for the expression of female leadership and desire, and leads to more positive television portrayals of women in the 21st century.

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19

Hughes, Ruthanne. "Worse for the wear: Effects of raciolinguistic ideologies, gender ideologies, and clothing on ESL pronunciation perception." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4729.

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Accents are products of perception as well as production; it is crucial that accentedness research address teacher discrimination rather than focusing on so-called student "deficiencies." Raciolinguistic ideologies and gender ideologies are factors that can affect teacher perception, interacting together in nuanced, non-additive ways. This case study employing matched-guise methodology investigates a White ESL teacher's differential ratings of pronunciation based on students' race, gender, and cultural clothing. Results show that clothing helps index figures of personhood that are more than the sum of race and gender ideologies and emphasize that even progressive and linguistically-trained teachers may still engage in biased rating practices.

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20

Jerald, Morgan C., L. Monique Ward, Lolita Moss, Khia Thomas, and Kyla D. Fletcher. "Subordinates, Sex Objects, or Sapphires? Investigating Contributions of Media Use to Black Students’ Femininity Ideologies and Stereotypes About Black Women." Journal of Black Psychology 43, no. 6 (August 26, 2016): 608–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798416665967.

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Although the media are believed to be instrumental in transmitting messages about both traditional femininity and Black femininity to Black youth, there is little empirical evidence documenting this process. Accordingly, this study investigated media contributions to Black college students’ endorsement of both traditional gender ideologies and of the Jezebel, Sapphire, and Strong Black woman stereotypes about Black women. The protective nature of ethnic identity was also examined. Participants ( N = 404) completed measures assessing media consumption and involvement, endorsement of traditional gender ideologies and stereotypes about Black women, and ethnic identity. Regression analyses revealed support for our hypotheses, with consumption of music videos, movies, and perceived realism contributing most strongly to students’ endorsement of traditional gender ideologies and stereotypes about Black women. However, students with a strong sense of ethnic belonging were buffered from many of the negative influences of media use on these gender beliefs. The findings highlight the importance of considering culture-specific ideologies when examining links between Black students’ media use and gender beliefs.

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21

Morris, Ian. "Archaeology and Gender Ideologies in Early Archaic Greece." Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974-) 129 (1999): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/284433.

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22

Davis, Shannon N., and Lisa D. Pearce. "Adolescents' Work-Family Gender Ideologies and Educational Expectations." Sociological Perspectives 50, no. 2 (June 2007): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2007.50.2.249.

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23

Gibbons, Judith L., Beverly A. Hamby, and Wanda D. Dennis. "Researching Gender-Role Ideologies Internationally and Cross-Culturally." Psychology of Women Quarterly 21, no. 1 (March 1997): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00106.x.

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Although many studies have compared gender-role ideologies internationally and cross-culturally, few researchers have attended to cultural differences in the meaningfulness or conceptual equivalence of the scale items. The literature on the use of instruments internationally is reviewed with respect to potentially universal (etic) constructs and findings. Gender differences in attitudes and the domains in which gender-related behavior is expressed differ internationally. A potential universal dimension is represented by a modern, egalitarian ideology on the one pole and a traditional ideology on the other. Using scales developed in three cultural contexts, we demonstrate that ratings of meaningfulness are correlated with the use of scores distant from the midpoint. Specific recommendations for researchers include consultation with cultural informants and incorporation of culturally specific (emic) items.

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24

Xia, Xinrong, and Elizabeth R. Miller. "Reconstructing gender ideologies of English loanwords in Chinese." Language & Communication 33, no. 3 (July 2013): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2013.05.004.

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25

Primeau, Loree A. "Household work: When gender ideologies and practices interact." Journal of Occupational Science 7, no. 3 (November 2000): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2000.9686474.

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26

Amancio, Ligia. "Stereotypes as Ideologies. The case of Gender Categories." Revista de Psicología Social 8, no. 2 (January 1993): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02134748.1993.10821677.

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27

Dirksmeier, Peter. "The intricate geographies of gender ideologies in Germany." Geoforum 64 (August 2015): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.05.022.

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28

Schweiter, John W. "Language Attitudes And Gender: Descriptors And Nationalistic Ideologies." Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics 1 (June 22, 2010): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/bjll.v1i0.8.

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The present study explores language attitudes among 23 English language learners of Spanish enrolled in elementary Spanish. The data elicited from these participants were analyzed to see whether females used more positive adjectives to describe the Spanish language than their male counterparts (as shown in previous studies). The data were also analyzed to see whether the participants’ adjectives and comments supported evidence of nationalistic language ideology. The results mirrored those of past studies: females were more likely to describe Spanish with positive adjectives. Additionally, there was a great amount of nationalistic language ideology and ethnocentrism among the participants who felt negatively toward Spanish. The researcher argues that this may have contributed towards negative language ideologies reported by the participants.

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29

Campbell, Rosie, and Silvia Erzeel. "Exploring Gender Differences in Support for Rightist Parties: The Role of Party and Gender Ideology." Politics & Gender 14, no. 01 (March 2018): 80–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x17000599.

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This contribution to the Special Issue on Gender and Conservatism uses expert and election surveys to explore the extent to which the feminist or traditional gender ideology of parties of the right relates to their economic and liberal/authoritarian ideology. We show that although parties of the left generally espouse more feminist ideologies than parties of the right, there are a significant number of rightist parties in Western Europe that combine laissez-faire economic values with liberal feminist ideals. That said, there is more homogeneity among parties of the populist radical right than rightist parties more generally. We find that despite some variation in their gender ideology, parties of the populist radical right overwhelmingly—with the exception of one party in the Netherlands—continue to adopt traditional or antifeminist gender ideologies. In terms of attracting women voters, we find that rightist parties who adopt a feminist gender ideology are able to attract more women voters than other parties of the right. We detect several examples of center-right parties that include feminist elements in their gender ideologies and are able to win over larger proportions of women voters than rightist parties that fail to adopt feminist positions.

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30

McTavish, James. "Gender Ideology Leads to Gender Confusion." Ethics & Medics 43, no. 11 (2018): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/em2018431118.

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For millennia, gender identity did not generate much confusion. In every epoch it has been accepted that one is either male or female. Gender confusion is a modern phenomenon, caused by the advance of gender ideology, an attempt to radically sever biological sex (the condition of being male or female) from the outward cultural and social expression of sex (gender). In doing so, it gives free rein to sexual expression, including homosexual and bisexual activity. This is clear from recent attempts to enshrine these concepts in national legislation. Various countries, including the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, are now aggressively exporting their ideologies to the developing world.

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31

BILANIUK, LAADA. "Gender, language attitudes, and language status in Ukraine." Language in Society 32, no. 1 (December 24, 2002): 47–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503321037.

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This article examines gender and language in post-Soviet Ukraine, where language laws and turbulent socioeconomic changes are affecting language use. It discusses ideologies of gender, language, and ethnicity in Ukraine and assesses the significance of gender in shaping stances toward three competing languages, Ukrainian, Russian, and English. The analysis focuses on language ideologies and attitudes, based on survey and matched-guise language attitude test data. Two kinds of explanations for the gendered patterning are considered: first, how socialization and cultural ideologies of women's relationship to language shape the attitudes documented; and second, how political/economic forces (differences in possibilities for social power and social advancement linked to language use) lead men and women to benefit from different strategies in their use and valuation of linguistic capital. It is shown that, while sociocultural and political/economic forces reinforce each other in some cases, in others they contradict each other, with economic motives prevailing over cultural paradigms of traditionalism.

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32

Chaffee, Kathryn Everhart, Nigel Mantou Lou, Kimberly A. Noels, and Joshua W. Katz. "Why don’t “real men” learn languages? Masculinity threat and gender ideology suppress men’s language learning motivation." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 23, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430219835025.

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Large gender disparities in participation still exist across many university subjects and career fields, but few studies have examined factors that account for gender gaps in female-dominated disciplines. We examine one possible cause: threatened masculinity among men who hold traditional gender ideologies. Past research has linked endorsement of traditional gender ideologies to gender-stereotypical occupational choices, and threats to masculinity can lead men to distance themselves from femininity. After confirming that 1,672 undergraduates stereotyped language learning as feminine, we applied a masculinity threat manipulation to investigate 182 men’s disinterest in studying foreign languages, a female-dominated university subject. Men with traditional masculinity ideologies reported less interest in foreign language study and less positive attitudes towards foreign languages following masculinity threat, compared to men whose masculinity was affirmed or who held less traditional masculinity beliefs. Traditional masculine gender roles may lead some men to avoid feminine-typed domains, such as foreign language learning.

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33

Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Eiliana Montero-Rojas, Tania Elena Moreira-Mora, and José Andrey Zamora-Araya. "Expected and unexpected effects of sexism on women’s mathematics performance." Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology 53, no. 1 (August 17, 2019): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30849/rip/ijp.v53i1.905.

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Research has shown that gender differences in Math performance are partially predicted by sociocultural aspects such as sexist ideologies and stereotypes. This study examined sexist ideologies as predictors of women´s achievement in standardized Math tests, and the mediation role of Math-gender stereotypes and Math self- efficacy, while controlling for abstract reasoning, among high-school girls (H.S.), and university women majoring Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH), and in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM). Among H.S. girls, data showed the expected indirect effect of Math gender stereotypes on Math achievement via Math self-efficacy. Among university students, model adjustment was less optimal. An unexpected positive relationship between hostile sexism and Math performance in STEM fields emerged. Out data suggest several mechanisms by which ideologies and gender stereotypes affect women´s Math performance.

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34

Plemenitaš, Katja. "Gender Ideologies in English and Slovene: A Contrastive View." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 11, no. 1 (May 8, 2014): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.11.1.17-29.

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The article deals with the concept of linguistic sexism in the cross-cultural context. It compares the generally accepted guidelines for avoiding linguistic sexism in English and Slovene, exemplified by two guides on non-sexist use of English. It is argued that in English non-sexist language strives for gender neutrality, whereas in Slovene it strives for gender specificity. The reasons for the differences between the perceptions of sexism in English and Slovene are examined by taking into account the linguistic expression of gender and the cultural and historical context in which both languages have developed. The use of semantic gender in English, as opposed to the use of grammatical gender in Slovene, is treated as one of the factors influencing the approach to the non-sexist use of language in both languages. Strategies for non-sexist expression and their rebuttals are discussed in the context of predominant cultural ideologies about gender and presuppositions regarding the link between social change and linguistic reform.

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35

Zuo, Jiping, and Shengming Tang. "Breadwinner Status and Gender Ideologies of Men and Women regarding Family Roles." Sociological Perspectives 43, no. 1 (March 2000): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389781.

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Using a longitudinal national sample of married individuals, we examine changes in gender ideologies of married men and women regarding family roles, defined as wife's economic role, husband's and wife's provider role, and wife's maternal role. We also test two competing hypotheses: the threat hypothesis and the benefit hypothesis, which view the impact of women's employment on men's gender beliefs from different perspectives. Whereas the threat hypothesis asserts that women's sharing of the provider role with men may cause men to be resistant to the gender equality ideal for fear of losing their masculine identities and their wives' domestic services, the benefit hypothesis anticipates an ideological shift of men toward egalitarianism because men benefit materially from their wives' financial contributions to the family. The empirical results suggest that both genders are moving in the direction of egalitarianism. Men of lower breadwinner status and women of higher status are less likely to hold conventional gender ideologies. Because the decline in men's breadwinner status tends to promote egalitarian ideology among men, the benefit hypothesis is supported.

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36

True, Jacqui, and Sri Eddyono. "Preventing Violent Extremism – What Has Gender Got to Do With It?" European Psychologist 26, no. 1 (January 2021): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000434.

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Abstract. Violent extremism and acts of terrorism are a major threat to peace and security globally. To date though the gender dynamics of support for, participation in, and prevention of violent extremism have been largely neglected by psychology, sociology, and political science scholars. Drawing on field research in Indonesia where the threat of violent extremism is pervasive, this article asks how do gendered perceptions and ideologies fuel and spread extremism and violent extremism? It highlights how women resist, counter, and prevent fundamentalist and extremist ideologies and the gendered identities and ideologies associated with them in everyday life in order to bring a gendered perspective into an examination of the causes of violent extremism and efforts to prevent it.

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37

Yuen, Felice C., and Susan M. Shaw. "Play: The Reproduction and Resistance of Dominant Gender Ideologies." World Leisure Journal 45, no. 2 (January 2003): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2003.9674312.

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38

Kumar, Pushpesh. "Gender and Procreative Ideologies among the Kolams of Maharashtra." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 24, no. 3 (October 2017): 455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521517716800.

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Kumar, Pushpesh. "Gender and procreative ideologies among the Kolams of Maharashtra." Contributions to Indian Sociology 40, no. 3 (October 2006): 279–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/006996670604000301.

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40

Bulanda, Ronald E. "Paternal Involvement with Children: The Influence of Gender Ideologies." Journal of Marriage and Family 66, no. 1 (February 2004): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2455.2004.00003.x.

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41

Xu, Xiaohe, and Shu-Chuan Lai. "Gender Ideologies, Marital Roles, and Marital Quality in Taiwan." Journal of Family Issues 25, no. 3 (April 2004): 318–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x03257709.

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42

Martinez-Roldan, Carmen M. "Examining Bilingual Children's Gender Ideologies through Critical Discourse Analysis." Critical Inquiry in Language Studies 2, no. 3 (September 2005): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15427595cils0203_2.

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43

Tsuyuki, Kiyomi, Balaiah Donta, Anindita Dasgupta, Paul J. Fleming, Mohan Ghule, Battala Madhusudana, Saritha Nair, Jay G. Silverman, Niranjan Saggurti, and Anita Raj. "Masculine Gender Ideologies, Intimate Partner Violence, and Alcohol Use Increase Risk for Genital Tract Infections Among Men." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 11-12 (April 11, 2017): 2316–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517700619.

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Masculine gender ideologies are thought to underlie alcohol use, intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, and sexual risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We extend on studies in the Indian context by examining the roles of masculine gender ideologies, alcohol use, and IPV on three outcomes of HIV risk (condom use, genital tract infection [GTI] symptoms, and GTI diagnosis). We applied logistic regression models to cross-sectional data of men and their wives in rural Maharashtra, India ( n = 1,080 couples). We found that men with less masculine gender ideologies demonstrated greater odds of condom use (i.e., lower odds no condom use, odds ratio [OR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.93, 0.98]). IPV perpetration was associated with increased odds of reporting ≥1 GTI symptom (adjusted OR [AOR] = 1.56, 95% CI = [1.07, 2.26]) and decreased GTI diagnosis (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI = [0.08, 0.97]). Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with increased odds of reporting ≥1 GTI symptom (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI = [1.01, 2.25]). Our findings have direct implications for men’s and women’s health in rural India, including targeted GTI diagnosis and treatment, integrated violence prevention in STI clinics, and targeted intervention on masculine gender ideologies.

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44

Ebner, Christian, Michael Kühhirt, and Philipp Lersch. "Cohort Changes in the Level and Dispersion of Gender Ideology after German Reunification: Results from a Natural Experiment." European Sociological Review 36, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 814–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcaa015.

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Abstract Modernization theorists’ ‘rising tide hypothesis’ predicted the continuous spread of egalitarian gender ideologies across the globe. We revisit this assumption by studying reunified Germany, a country that did not follow a strict modernization pathway. The socialist German Democratic Republic (GDR) actively fostered female employment and systematically promoted egalitarian ideologies before reunification with West Germany and the resulting incorporation into a conservative welfare state and market economy. Based on nationally representative, pooled cross-sectional data from the German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) from 1991 to 2016, we apply variance function regression to examine the impact of German reunification—akin to a natural experiment—on the average levels and dispersion of gender ideology. The results show: (i) East German cohorts socialized after reunification hold less egalitarian ideologies than cohorts socialized in the GDR, disrupting the rising tide. (ii) East German cohorts hold more egalitarian ideologies than West German cohorts, but the East-West gap is less pronounced for post-reunification cohorts. (iii) Cohorts in East Germany show higher conformity with gender ideology than their counterparts in West Germany; yet conformity did not change after reunification. (iv) Younger cohorts in West Germany show higher conformity with gender ideology than older cohorts.

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45

Yulianeta, Yulianeta, Siti Chamamah Soeratno, and Juliasih Kusharyanto. "Representation of Gender Ideology in Indonesia Novels: A Study of The Reformation Era Novel." Lingua Cultura 10, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v10i1.845.

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This research was based on a phenomenon that gender ideology practiced by a society might be reflected in the production of literary work. Thus, even though a novel is known as an imaginative work, its content and gender ideology could not be detached from social reality. The aims of this research were describing the role and gender identity, the types of gender ideology, and the gender relationship issues in the Indonesia novel written during reformation era. Gramsci’s theory of hegemony and gender perspective helped to describe the problems presented in this article. The formal object of this research was elaborating gender ideology presented in four novels written by Indonesian authors during reformation era, namely Saman by Ayu Utami, GeniJora by Abidah El Khalieqy, Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu, and Tanah Tabu by Anindita S. Tayf. The research method implemented was library research. This research showed the variety of ideologies that occupy literature as the site of struggle among ideologies. The results of the research are the four novels represent the patriarchal ideology, familialism ideology, ibuism ideology, and general gender ideology. The four gender ideologies create domestication of the position and the role of women. The existence and the organization of the gender ideology are supported by masculine hegemony in Indonesian culture.

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46

Glick, Peter, and Jessica Whitehead. "Hostility Toward Men and the Perceived Stability of Male Dominance." Social Psychology 41, no. 3 (January 2010): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000025.

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Two studies examined how ambivalent gender ideologies, measured by the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) and Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory (AMI), relate to the perceived legitimacy and stability of gender hierarchy. Study 1 showed simple correlations of each ASI and AMI subscale with the perceived legitimacy of gender hierarchy, but only Hostility Toward Men (HM: A traditional, but unflattering view of men as domineering) predicted the perceived stability of gender hierarchy. In Study 2, experimentally priming HM (but not other gender ideologies) increased perceptions of the stability of gender hierarchy. Although HM derides men for acting in a domineering manner, it characterizes men as designed for dominance. By reinforcing the perceived stability of gender hierarchy, HM may undermine women’s motivation to seek change.

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47

Kitzinger, Jenny. "Defending Innocence: Ideologies of Childhood." Feminist Review, no. 28 (1988): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1394897.

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48

Burman, Erica, Ann Phoenix, Anne Woollett, and Eva Lloyd. "Motherhood: Meanings, Practices and Ideologies." Feminist Review, no. 43 (1993): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1395075.

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49

Kitzinger, Jenny. "Defending Innocence: Ideologies of Childhood." Feminist Review 28, no. 1 (January 1988): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.1988.7.

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50

Burman, Erica. "Motherhood: Meanings, Practices and Ideologies." Feminist Review 43, no. 1 (March 1993): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.1993.10.

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