Дисертації з теми "Gender-based discrimination"
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Hisarciklilar, Mehtap. "Gender based discrimination in the Turkish labour market." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404036.
Повний текст джерелаKivelä, A. (Anna). "Investigating gender equality and gender-based discrimination in software development:case study in a Finnish IT company." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201904051431.
Повний текст джерелаCampbell, Meghan. "Gender-based poverty and CEDAW : a study on the relationship between gender-based poverty and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eb32f593-70ed-4691-96f2-aaba05911a80.
Повний текст джерелаKufahl, Katie M. "Discrimination Based on Marital Status, Gender, and Sexual Orientation| Implications for Employment Hiring Decisions." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1558103.
Повний текст джерелаMarital status and sexual orientation discrimination has been largely under-researched and has not been researched using working professionals, or with the incorporation sexual orientation, marital status, and gender interactions. Past studies have found that marital status bias hiring decisions for men and women differently (Hammer, 1993; Jordan, College & Zitek, 2012; Renwick & Tosi,1978). Additionally, with the growing acceptance of gay (LGBT) relationships, marriages, and partnerships, the interaction of marital status (i.e., applicants with or without a spouse) and sexual orientation bias in the workplace needs to be examined. Our study examined the interview process testing for gender, marital status, and sexual orientation bias affecting simulations of hiring decisions. A significant three-way interaction was found such that single lesbian women received significantly higher ratings when compared to married lesbian women, and heterosexual women received significantly higher ratings when married in comparison to when they were single. The study revealed that sexual orientation interacted with marital status in women's ratings but not for men. This research updates current knowledge about discrimination in employment settings and provides updated information on a topic where the existing research has been largely outdated and under-researched.
Pecháčková, Monika. "Gender Based Inequalities in Labor Market Outcomes." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192460.
Повний текст джерелаOehmen, Nicole Marie. "A woman's place: negative binomial analysis of sex-based discrimination complaints by gender composition of state workforce." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1711.
Повний текст джерелаTorres, Trucios Elvia Ernestina <1972>. "Ni una más. International cooperation against gender-based discrimination: the femicide case in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/735/.
Повний текст джерелаTrilsch, Mirja A. "Gender-based persecution and the 'particular social group' category : an analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31176.
Повний текст джерелаWhile nowadays the other four enumerated Convention grounds---race, religion, nationality, and political opinion---have increasingly received regard, the approach to gender-based persecution has so far been neither systematic, nor consistent. Moreover, the most critical interpretative hurdles continue to arise in the context of the 'membership of a particular social group' category,
This study therefore examines the link between the two concepts of gender-based persecution and the 'membership of a particular social group' category. For this purpose, both concepts are first considered independently (Parts II and III). Following this, the larger part of the analysis is assigned to the examination of the international case law concerning gender-based claims (Part IV) which shall determine if and how gender-based persecution can appropriately be accommodated under the 'membership of a particular social group' category,
Walker, Erin M. "Interracial couples the impact of race and gender on one's experience of discrimination based on the race of the partner /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2556.
Повний текст джерелаThesis research directed by: Dept. of Family Studies. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Näsman, Lacey Leathers, and Malin Olsson. "Gender inequalities in accounting and auditing businesses - A quantitative study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149714.
Повний текст джерелаWith consideration to logit regressions for the binary leader variable:Even though Cotter's 4 criteria leader and Leader model 2 did not have the highest adjusted R2 with ols regression, it is important to see that in a logit regression, which is a more appropriate regression type since the leader variable is binary, that gender was not significant. Therefore, the conclusions remain the same.
Magnusson, Elina, and Maja Eriksson. "Willing to shop like a (wo)man? : A consumer perspective on the perception of Pink Tax." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42121.
Повний текст джерелаAdams, Ubanesia Lolita. "Promoting gender equality in the Provincial Administration of the Western Cape : an appraisal based on perceptions of gender focal persons and the Head of the Western Cape Office on the Status of Women for Gender Equality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52419.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African government has committed itself to the promotion of gender equality in the national constitution and also with the signing and ratifying of regional and international documents. Examples of a regional document is the Southern African Development Community Declaration on Gender and Development and international document the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women and the Beijing Platform for Action. The Gender Machinery in South Africa was created at a national level to promote gender equality on all levels of government through structures on provincial and local government levels. This study focused on the provincial level and more specifically on the gender focal persons and the Office on the Status of Women for Gender Equality in the Provincial Administration of the Western Cape (PAWC). The study was done with the aim to assess progress on the promotion of gender equality in the PAWC. Information was gathered through interviews with members of Gender focal units and the Head of the Office on the Status of Women for Gender Equality. Interviews were conducted with seven of the nine departments in the Provincial Administration of the Western Cape. Findings on the promotion of gender equality indicate that a long road lies ahead. Limited Progress is seen, however, and can be attributed to the work of dedicated gender focal persons and the Office on the Status of Women for Gender Equality. Specific to the work of dedicated gender focal persons this study finds that within the context of financial and other constraints relating to an absence of specified expectations and a double workload, progress is still made under these circumstances. Based on the findings the following recommendations are made. Firstly, broad scale gender awareness training is required for the personnel of the provincial administration. Secondly, there is a need to develop a job description for gender work and if reasonable to integrate this into the line function of gender focal persons. Thirdly, the gender focal units need to have a specific budget for gender-related work, as this will facilitate planning for gender-related projects. Finally further training is required for the gender focal persons regarding gender mainstreaming and how to translate the goals of gender mainstreaming into action in the respective departments.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die regering van Suid Afrika het met die nasionale grondwet, streeks dokumente en internasionale dokumente 'n verbintenis gemaak om geslagsgelykheid te bevorder. Voorbeelde van streeks dokumente is die "Southern African Development Community Declaration on Gender and Development" en internasionale dokumente is die "Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women" en die "Beijing Platform for Action". Nasionale strukture in Suid Afrika is saamgestel om geslagsgelykheid te bevorder op nasionale, provinsiale en plaaslike regerings vlakke. In hierdie studie was die fokus op die provisiale vlak en meer spesifiek die geslags fokus eenhede en die Kantoor vir die Status van Vroue vir Geslagsgelykheid in die Provisiale Administrasie van die Weskaap. Hierdie studie is gedoen met die doel om die vordering met betrekking tot geslagsgelykheid te evalueer. Inligting vir ontleding is ingesamel deur middel van onderhoude met geslags fokus persone en die hoof van die Kantoor vir die Status van Vroue vir Geslagsgelykheid. Onderhoude was gevoer met verteenwoordigers van sewe uit nege departmente van die provinsiale administrasie. Bevindinge rondom die bevordering van geslagsgelykheid toon dat daar nog 'n lang pad vorentoe is, maar dat daar wel beperkte vordering binne die provisiale administrasie gemaak word. Hierdie vordering kan toegeskryf word aan die werk van vasbeslote geslags fokus persone en die hoof van die Kantoor vir die Status van Vroue vir Geslagsgelykheid. Spesifiek tot die werk van vasbeslote geslags fokus persone wys die studie dat binne finansiële en ander beperkinge daar wel steeds vordering rondom geslagsgelykheid is binne sekere departmente. Gebaseer op die bevindinge word voorgestel dat daar eerstens ten volle bewussmakingssessies oor geslagsgelykheid gehou word vir alle personeel van die administrasie. Tweedens, dat daar 'n posbeskrywing geformuleer word vir mense wat binne die geslags fokus eenhede werk en indien moontlik moet daar gekyk word of dit deel van die lyn funksie van die geslags fokus persone gemaak kan word. Derdens moet dat daar aan die verskeie geslags fokus eenhede 'n begroting gegee word sodat projekte vir die bevordering van geslagsgelykheid beter beplan kan word. Laastens is dit belangrik dat die lede van die geslags fokus eenhede verdere opleiding kry met betrekking tot "gender mainstreaming" en die omskrywing hiervan in spesifike aksies.
Bannister, Tarryn. "The right to have access to health care services for survivors of gender-based violence." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71802.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa gender-based violence (hereafter “GBV”) has reached extreme levels. This violent manifestation of gender inequality is compounded by the fact that women are disproportionately affected by poverty, the HIV/AIDS epidemic and inadequate health care services. This is in spite of South Africa’s progressive constitutional and legislative framework which appears highly conducive to combating gender inequality and GBV. For example, the Constitution protects the right to equality (section 9), human dignity (section 10), life (section 11), freedom and security of the person (section 12) and the right to have access to health care services, including reproductive health (section 27(1)(a)). Extensive legislation has also been enacted for the protection of women. For example, the preamble to the Domestic Violence Act 116 of 1998 (hereafter “DVA”) recognises domestic violence as a serious social evil. While the DVA is notably silent as to the role of the health care sector, the DVA is progressive in that it contains a broad definition of domestic violence, and recognises a wide range of relationships. The Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007 also seeks to afford complainants of sexual offences “the maximum and least traumatising protection that the law can provide”. In addition to this, South Africa has international law obligations to address GBV and gender inequality. For example, under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), States are obliged to address private acts of violence and to remove discrimination against women in all fields, including health. However, despite this progressive framework of rights, some interpretations of these integral rights have been unduly formalistic, in addition to being disengaged from the lived reality of many women. There is also a substantial gap between policy and practice, with the implementation of existing legislation a continuing problem. It is therefore imperative that we analyse the right to have access to health care services through a gender lens so as to transcend a purely legalistic perspective and to interrogate gendered social processes and power relations. This thesis analyses how existing law and policy can be transformed so as to be more responsive to these lived realities and needs of survivors of GBV.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geslagsgebaseerde geweld (hierna ‘GGG’) in Suid-Afrika het uiterste vlakke bereik. Hierdie gewelddadige manifestasie van geslagsongelykheid word vererger deur die feit dat vroue buite verhouding erg deur armoede, die MIV/vigs-epidemie en ontoereikende gesondheidsorgdienste geraak word. Dit is ondanks Suid-Afrika se vooruitstrewende grondwetlike en wetsraamwerk wat op die oog af hoogs bevorderlik vir die bestryding van geslagsongelykheid en GGG voorkom. Die Grondwet verskans, byvoorbeeld, die reg op gelykheid (artikel 9), menswaardigheid (artikel 10), lewe (artikel 11), vryheid en sekerheid van die persoon (artikel 12) en toegang tot gesondheidsorgdienste, met inbegrip van reproduktiewe gesondheidsorg (artikel 27(1)(a)). Omvattende wetgewing oor vrouebeskerming is ook reeds uitgevaardig. Die aanhef tot die Wet op Gesinsgeweld 116 van 1998 (hierna die ‘WGG’) identifiseer, byvoorbeeld, huishoudelike geweld as ’n ernstige maatskaplike euwel. Hoewel die WGG swyg oor die rol van die gesondheidsorgsektor, is dit nietemin vooruitstrewend aangesien dit ’n uitgebreide omskrywing van huishoudelike geweld bevat en ’n wye verskeidenheid verhoudings erken. Die Wysigingswet op die Strafreg (Seksuele Misdrywe en Verwante Aangeleenthede) 32 van 2007 is ook daarop afgestem om klaagsters van seksuele oortredings “die omvattendste en mins traumatiese beskerming te gee wat die wet kan bied”. Daarbenewens verkeer Suid-Afrika onder internasionale regsverpligtinge om GGG en geslagsongelykheid aan te spreek. Ingevolge die Konvensie vir die Uitwissing van Alle Vorme van Diskriminasie teen Vroue (1979), byvoorbeeld, is state verplig om privaat geweldsdade teen te staan en diskriminasie teen vroue op alle gebiede te verwyder, insluitend gesondheid. Nietemin, benewens hierdie vooruitstrewende menseregteraamwerk is sommige interpretasies van hierdie onafskeidbare regte nie net oormatig formalisties nie, maar ook verwyderd van die daaglikse realiteit van baie vroue. Daar is ook ʼn wesenlike gaping tussen beleidsmaatreëls en die praktyk, terwyl die uitvoering van bestaande wetgewing ʼn voortgesette probleem verteenwoordig. Dit is dus gebiedend om die reg op toegang tot gesondheidsorgdienste deur ʼn geslagslens te analiseer om sodoende ʼn bloot regsgedrewe perspektief te bo te gaan en om maatskaplike prosesse en magsverhoudinge in oënskou te neem. Hierdie tesis analiseer hoe bestaande wetsraamwerke en beleidsmaatreëls getransformeer kan word om beter te reageer op die realiteite en behoeftes van oorlewendes van GGG.
Stellenbosch University Hope Project
Bradlow Foundation
Hedner, Margareta. "Olfactory Function : The Influence of Demographic, Cognitive, and Genetic Factors." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-85907.
Повний текст джерелаJanusik, Aleksandra. "Skyddsgrundande asylskäl : En studie om det "manliga nätverkets" betydelse i skyddsbedömningen av asylsökande kvinnor från Somalia och Afghanistan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323061.
Повний текст джерелаIn countries such as Afghanistan and Somalia, women are legally subordinate to men. Due to womens subordinated role, women are depended on their access to a male network in order to secure their protection and survival in their home country. An asylum seeking women without a male network is at high risk of being subjected to gender related persecution when being sent her country of origin. The Swedish Aliens Act Utlänningslag states that fear of gender-based persecution is considered as a base for asylum claim. However, it has shown that asylum seeking women claiming fear of gender-related persecution are denied their right to asylum in Sweden. In some cases the Swedish Migration Board direct the applicant to seek protection within her male network in the applicant’s country. The aim of this thesis is to conduct a critical analysis of the Swedish Migration Board and Migration Court's practice of referring female asylum seekers to their "male network". I have studied asylum decisions made by Swedish Migration Board and Migration Court's regarding women from Somalia and Afghanistan. The study shows that women's access and lack of male network in their country of origin is crucial for the Swedish judicial assessments in establishing whether the women is considered to be in need of protection. My goal with this study is to problematize this issue by implementing a postcolonial theory of the subaltern women’s two folded oppression and the limited effect of the legal discourse to eliminate discrimination.
Niang, Mouhamadou Moustapha. "Differences in unemployment between males and females in France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2020/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis provides a novel analysis of the differences in unemployment between males and females, taking into account, in addition to the rate, other important aspects of unemployment that have welfare implications for both individuals and the society where they live. It consists of three contributive chapters.Chapter 2 proposes a measurement of the differences in unemployment between males and females based on an index by Shorrocks. The latter is estimated by quarter for France during the period 2003:1 to 2008:3 using three different methods: synthetic cohort method, Salant's method and a method using directly the interrupted durations. The first method uses the interrupted durations to obtain an estimate of the distribution of completed durations while the Salant method do the same but assume that the labour market is in a steady state. Chapter 3 builds from Chapter 2's results and proposes a purely empirical analysis of the gender gap in unemployment in France. It examines in addition to the gender differences in the unemployment rate, the gender differences in mean duration and distribution of durations. The chapter also provides a comparative analysis of different methods of regression-based decomposition. It finishes with an analysis of the reduction of the gender gap in unemployment in France between 2003 and 2008 Chapter 4 provides an analysis of the gender difference in the number of unemployment spells and the distribution of these spells across the labour force. The importance of the matter relates to the fact that a repetitive unemployment may cause lower paid work and unstable jobs and therefore lead to poverty and social exclusion
TANG, HAONING, and WANLU YU. "LGBTQ inclusive workplaceclimate in China : A case study on the inclusion of LGBTQ groups in the workplace based on the organization’s LGBTQ support policy, policy implementation and employees’ understanding." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52824.
Повний текст джерелаHuskanovic, Jasmin, and Nur Bellal Adem. "Discrimination against foreign named students : a study based on a Swedish University." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96257.
Повний текст джерелаAdem, Nur Bellal, and Jasmin Huskanovic. "Discrimination against foreign named students : a study based on a Swedish University." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97126.
Повний текст джерелаSim, Patrick Puay-I. "A Sociocultural Investigation of Learning and Transition in SFEC." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14905.
Повний текст джерелаWith the advent of globalisation driving the People.s Republic of China to embrace its future, the local government has shown great enthusiasm promulgating one of the oldest industries. Foreign higher educational providers that operate in China through the mode of joint venture cooperatives between a Chinese and foreign institution of higher learning are becoming increasingly .knowledgeable-hungry. public or private universities and colleges. Such operations commonly known as Sino-foreign educational cooperatives
(SFEC), are hotly spawned on the mainland, enrolling Chinese students through the division of responsibilities, roles and resources. The Chinese party is mostly responsible for the hardware support, supplying facilities and logistics as the part of the bargain, whereas the foreign party provides the intellectual software of academic programs. The locus of this qualitative study aims to present and investigate a distinct phenomenon of learning in SFEC through the theories of sociocultural perspective encumbered in a transitional context; Sino-foreign (SF) graduates to other workplace communities. Without common interests of social interaction, co-participation, and transformation, SFEC are often discredited due to various factors. The learning aims will feature participative and transformative themes that feature qualitative and interpretive methods. Thus, this research involves interviewing four relevant participants from the likes of two Chinese nationals and two non-Chinese, and how they view learning in SFEC applied to a transitional context, the workplace. My furtherance of analysis will generally stress learning, co-participation and transformative learning in activities that circumvents discriminatory elements of artifacts, identity profiling, relationships, commitment and workplace employment for the necessary transition. In the initial research phase, it did seem that putting learning into community practice in China was essential. In the closing stages, thoughts will flow to the legitimisation of participative and transformative learning, which forms the backdrop of this original theme of research gathered through previous works of similar purview. Prawatt and Floden (1994) remark that knowledge, and the belief that knowledge is the result of social interaction and language usage, and thus is a shared, rather than an individual, experience. Presumably, my chosen theories frame the interactive and shared communal nature of the Chinese society and learning systems.
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Goulette, Natalie W. "Are Female Defendants Treated More Leniently by Judges?: A Multilevel Analysis of Sex-Based Disparities at the Phases of Pretrial Release, Charge Reductions, and Sentencing." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378112497.
Повний текст джерелаSteyn, Renier. "Perceptions about gender-based discrimination in a selection of South African companies / Renier Steyn." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12020.
Повний текст джерелаPhD (Business Administration), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
Ngatia, Lucy Wambui. "Gender and equality : male broadcasters' perceptions of gender-based affirmative action at the SABC KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4795.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.
Dlamini, Lindiwe Nkhosingiphile. "Language, gender and power relations in Swazi national courts: a discourse based analysis." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3598.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation examines the use of language and its implications on gender relations within the Swazi courts. Starting from the premise that language use is an important guide in understanding gender differences and differences in power between men and women, this dissertation investigates the language used by the different participants in court proceedings of selected court cases, particularly on offences that involve or otherwise touch on assault. The data is based on proceedings in two selected courts, one in Mbabane (an urban court) and the other in Lobamba (a semi urban court). Analysis is strengthened by an array of theories of gender and cultural studies. The major analytical methodology for this study is Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The study ultimately locates itself within the line of gender studies on cultural influences, examining how lexical choices in linguistic discourses contribute to sustaining or subverting age-old ideas of manhood versus womanhood in Swaziland. The analysis leads to a conclusion that: (a) Women are viewed as docile and unchanging in terms of their interaction in the society. (b) Within the patriarchal Swazi context, the linguistic expectations of “good women” put them at a disadvantage when communicating with men. (c) Traditionalists have to shift from patriarchal values and integration of the Swazi custom with some of the positive ways in life borrowed from education, Christianity and other modernized institutions. If this is enforced then women would cease to be treated as doormats and marginalised by society. This gender imbalance is revealed in situations of contest. It not only draws on, but also engenders the already existing ideologies of strong and knowledgeable men versus weak and ignorant women, in part by muting the latter. This, in the researcher’s view, is worsened by the fact that such linguistic disempowerment takes place within the structures of the State such as the courts, whose authority can easily be mistaken for that of the men who function within them. Put differently, the connotations of power, authority, coercion and fear within the courts are reinforced when one half of participants are disadvantaged by cultural ideologies such as those of linguistic control.
Vieira, Maria Carolina Damasco do Rego. "A criminalização da violência de gênero: análise da evolução dos crimes de violência doméstica nos ordenamentos jurídicos brasileiro e português. Aspectos jurídicos sociais." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/97530.
Повний текст джерелаUm dos grandes desafios do século XXI é a erradicação da violência de gênero. As mulheres, dentro de um sistema patriarcal, ocupam uma posição de inferioridade e submissão em relação aos homens e isso se traduz tanto na esfera pública, no mercado de trabalho, por exemplo, quanto na privada, onde são unicamente responsáveis pelo cuidado do lar e da família e ainda submetidas a diversos tipos de violência. Essa violência contra o gênero feminino, que afeta física e psicologicamente as mulheres, por muito tempo foi deixada de lado e até mesmo permitida (e incentivada) pelos Estados. É a partir dos anos 80 que a preocupação com a violência de gênero começa a ganhar importância no contexto internacional e gradualmente é introduzida nos ordenamentos jurídicos estudados, português e brasileiro. Em Portugal o crime de violência doméstica está descrito por um único artigo no Código Penal, que é agravado caso resulte em morte; no Brasil o tratamento se dá pela extensa Lei nº. 11.340/06, Lei Maria da Penha, e o país conta com uma tipificação específica do assassinato de mulheres, o feminicídio. Essa investigação pretendeu passar pela evolução histórica, social e jurídica que ocorreu nos dois países até os dias atuais, apresentando afinidades e questões controversas de ambos os ordenamentos, analisando criticamente estatísticas e sugerindo mudanças legislativas e comportamentais.Um dos grandes desafios do século XXI é a erradicação da violência de gênero. As mulheres, dentro de um sistema patriarcal, ocupam uma posição de inferioridade e submissão em relação aos homens e isso se traduz tanto na esfera pública, no mercado de trabalho, por exemplo, quanto na privada, onde são unicamente responsáveis pelo cuidado do lar e da família e ainda submetidas a diversos tipos de violência. Essa violência contra o gênero feminino, que afeta física e psicologicamente as mulheres, por muito tempo foi deixada de lado e até mesmo permitida (e incentivada) pelos Estados. É a partir dos anos 80 que a preocupação com a violência de gênero começa a ganhar importância no contexto internacional e gradualmente é introduzida nos ordenamentos jurídicos estudados, português e brasileiro. Em Portugal o crime de violência doméstica está descrito por um único artigo no Código Penal, que é agravado caso resulte em morte; no Brasil o tratamento se dá pela extensa Lei nº. 11.340/06, Lei Maria da Penha, e o país conta com uma tipificação específica do assassinato de mulheres, o feminicídio. Essa investigação pretendeu passar pela evolução histórica, social e jurídica que ocorreu nos dois países até os dias atuais, apresentando afinidades e questões controversas de ambos os ordenamentos, analisando criticamente estatísticas e sugerindo mudanças legislativas e comportamentais.
One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century is the eradication of gender-based violence. Women, within a patriarchal system, occupy a position of inferiority and submission related to men, and this is reflected both in the public sphere, inside the labor market for example, and in the private sphere, where they are solely responsible for the care of the house and family and still subjected to various types of violence. This violence against the female gender, which affects women physically and psychologically, was left aside for a long time and even allowed (and encouraged) by States. It was in the 1980s that the concern about gender-based violence began to gain importance in the international context and it was gradually introduced into the juridical orders studied, Portuguese and Brazilian. In Portugal the crime of domestic violence is described by a single article in the Penal Code, which is aggravated if it results in death; in Brazil, the treatment is given by the extensive Law No. 11.340/06, Maria da Penha Law, and the country has a specific typification of the murder of women, the feminicide. This investigation aimed to go through the historical, social, and legal evolution that occurred in both countries up to the present day, presenting affinities and controversial issues of both systems, critically analyzing statistics, and suggesting legislative and behavioral changes.One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century is the eradication of gender-based violence. Women, within a patriarchal system, occupy a position of inferiority and submission related to men, and this is reflected both in the public sphere, inside the labor market for example, and in the private sphere, where they are solely responsible for the care of the house and family and still subjected to various types of violence. This violence against the female gender, which affects women physically and psychologically, was left aside for a long time and even allowed (and encouraged) by States. It was in the 1980s that the concern about gender-based violence began to gain importance in the international context and it was gradually introduced into the juridical orders studied, Portuguese and Brazilian. In Portugal the crime of domestic violence is described by a single article in the Penal Code, which is aggravated if it results in death; in Brazil, the treatment is given by the extensive Law No. 11.340/06, Maria da Penha Law, and the country has a specific typification of the murder of women, the feminicide. This investigation aimed to go through the historical, social, and legal evolution that occurred in both countries up to the present day, presenting affinities and controversial issues of both systems, critically analyzing statistics, and suggesting legislative and behavioral changes.
Vincent-Wright, Sarah-Michèle. "Le jeu des stéréotypes féminins et masculins en droit international : influences et conséquences pour les victimes de viol en période de conflits armés." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22857.
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