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Статті в журналах з теми "Gearshift Control"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Guercioni, Guido Ricardo, and Alessandro Vigliani. "Gearshift control strategies for hybrid electric vehicles: A comparison of powertrains equipped with automated manual transmissions and dual-clutch transmissions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 11 (October 11, 2018): 2761–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018804120.

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Анотація:

This article describes gearshift control strategies developed for a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle architecture in which an electric machine is connected to the output of the transmission, thus obtaining torque filling capabilities during gearshifts. Two transmission systems are analyzed: hybrid automated manual transmission and hybrid dual-clutch transmission. The article focuses on the gearshift control strategies for the two transmission, splitting each gearshift into several phases. The objectives of each control phase, the equations for computing the set points for powertrain actuators, and the conditions that determine the passage from one shifting phase to the next are reported. Moreover, nonlinear dynamic models are described and used to verify through simulation the effectiveness of the controllers. Promising results, in terms of vehicle dynamic performance, are obtained for both transmission systems.

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2

Goetz, M., M. C. Levesley, and D. A. Crolla. "Dynamics and control of gearshifts on twin-clutch transmissions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 951–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x34720.

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Анотація:

Based on a detailed dynamic model of an automotive powertrain containing a twin-clutch transmission, an integrated powertrain control for gearshifts is developed. The operation of this controller is demonstrated on the basis of simulation results for upshifts, downshifts, and multiple gearshifts taking place within the same half of the transmission. The control algorithm makes use of closed-loop control of clutch slip for a smooth transfer of engine torque with the aim of reproducing the operation of a one-way clutch. Further elements are a closed-loop control of engine speed through a combination of a manipulation of engine controls and clutch pressure. In addition, it is demonstrated that the control of transmission output torque during gearshifts can add robustness to the control and provides a means to manipulate directly the gearshift character. Finally, the dynamic effects of gear preselection through conventional hydraulically actuated cone-type synchronizers on the overall shift quality are discussed.

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3

Lin, Shusen, Siqin Chang, and Bo Li. "Improving the gearshifts events in automated manual transmission by using an electromagnetic actuator." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 9 (August 3, 2014): 1548–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214546204.

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Анотація:

The existing electrically automated manual transmission employs DC motors to carry out gearshift events. It is relatively complicated and has potential to be improved both in structure and transmission efficiency. A novel gearshift system that utilizes a 2-DOF electromagnetic actuator to realize the automation of gearshift is proposed. The structure and working principle are introduced, and the coupling system model of the actuator is developed to investigate its characteristics. The results show that the utilization of the electromagnetic actuator in automated manual transmission gearshift system is appropriate. Multi-stage control strategy including PID algorithm and optimal control is introduced to improve the gearshift quality. A look-up table is developed to adjust the peak force of synchronization process according to the working condition. Finally, the conceptual gearshift system and the control strategy are verified on a test bench. The results show that the controller can adjust the peak force of the synchronization process timely and the designed control strategy achieves the compromise of indexes of gearshift quality. The novel gearshift system is technically feasible.

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4

Lin, Shusen, Min Tang, Bo Li, and Wenhui Shi. "Design of an Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control Method for a Direct-Drive Gearshift System Equipped with Electromagnetic Linear Actuators in a Motor-Transmission Coupled Drive System." Actuators 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12010040.

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In this study, a type of direct-drive gearshift system integrated into a motor-transmission coupled drive system is introduced. It used two electromagnetic linear actuators (ELAs) to perform gearshift events. The adoption of ELAs simplifies the architecture of the gearshift system and has the potential to further optimize gearshift performance. However, a number of nonlinearities in the gearshift system should be investigated in order to enhance the performance of the direct-drive gearshift system. An active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method was selected as the principal shifting control method due to the simple methodology and strong reliability. The nonlinear characteristics of the electromagnetic force produced by the ELA were subsequently reduced using the inverse system method (ISM) technique. The ADRC approach also incorporated an acceleration feedforward module to enhance the precision of displacement control. The extended state observer (ESO) module used a nonlinear function in place of the original function to improve the ability to reject disturbances. Comparative simulations and experiments were carried out between the ADRC method and improved ADRC (IADRC) method. The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed control method. The shift force fluctuates less, and the shift jerk decreases noticeably during the synchronization procedure. In conclusion, combined with the optimized IADRC method, the direct-drive gearshift system equipped with ELAs shows remarkable gearshift performance, and it has the potential to be widely used in motor−transmission coupled drive systems for EVs.

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5

Li, Bo, Wenqing Ge, Xiao Yu, Shilei Shao, and Haitao Liu. "Innovative design and gearshift control for direct-drive electromagnetic gearshift system equipped with servo synchronizer." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 5 (March 12, 2018): 1115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018760432.

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Анотація:

Automated mechanical transmission has many advantages such as simple structure, high mechanical efficiency, and low cost. But the poor gearshift performance restricts the massive application of the automated mechanical transmission, and it can be improved through innovation of structure and control. To reduce the requirement of shift force and improve the shift performance, a new direct-drive electromagnetic gearshift system which consists of servo synchronizer and 2-degree-of-freedom electromagnetic actuator is adopted. The specific structure and working principle of the gearshift system including servo synchronizer are described, and the equation of force-amplifying ratio is deduced. Due to the complexity of the gearshift system and uncertainties of the gearshift process, active disturbance rejection control method is designed. The active disturbance rejection controller can eliminate the nonlinearity of the 2-degree-of-freedom actuator. The extended state observer can estimate and compensate the uncertainties, parameter variations, and external disturbances. Simulations are carried out, and the result comparison with proportional–integral–derivative controller indicates the superiority of the active disturbance rejection control method. Test bench and control system are developed to verify the performance of the newly designed system and control method. The experimental results show that, when the gearshift system is equipped with servo synchronizer, the driving force and the maximum volatility of driving force can be reduced by 35% and 5%, respectively, and the impact generated by active disturbance rejection control method is reduced by 36% compared with proportional–integral–derivative method. The new gearshift system achieves a better gearshift performance. Combined with the newly designed control strategy, the direct-drive electromagnetic gearshift system provides a new solution for automated mechanical transmission applications.

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6

Lu, Tongli, Bin Zhou, Jianwu Zhang, and Xiwen Wang. "Clutch micro-slip control in gearshifts for dual clutch transmission." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 233, no. 1 (July 5, 2018): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419318785422.

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Micro-slip control of multi-disc clutches is effective for attenuation of vibration and smooth gearshifts in dual clutch transmission. This paper proposes a method to apply micro-slips on the clutches for gearshift process, which differs from the conventional lockup control. The vehicle powertrain is modelled as a six degrees of freedom dynamic system, including a hydraulic actuator model. Micro-slips of dual clutches are realised by a closed-loop feedback controller according to the control-oriented model. The controller is used to evaluate demands of the clutch torques and transform them to input currents for the hydraulic solenoid valves. Numerical analysis and experiment are preformed, and the results show that the effect of clutch micro-slips is significant in improving the shift smoothness and the drive comfort of the dual clutch transmission during gearshifts.

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7

Glielmo, L., L. Iannelli, V. Vacca, and F. Vasca. "Gearshift control for automated manual transmissions." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 11, no. 1 (February 2006): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2005.863369.

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8

Ahssan, Md Ragib, Mehran Ektesabi, and Saman Gorji. "Evaluation of a Three-Parameter Gearshift Strategy for a Two-Speed Transmission System in Electric Vehicles." Energies 16, no. 5 (March 6, 2023): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052496.

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This paper proposes a three-parameter gearshift scheduling strategy that has been implemented on both large and small electric vehicles with two-speed transmission systems. The new strategy evaluates vehicle performance under varying driving conditions on flat and hilly roads by assessing the vehicle speed, acceleration, and road grade. A heuristic approach is used to develop two gearshift schedules for vehicle acceleration and road grade, and gradient descent and pattern search methods are applied to optimize the gear ratios and primary gearshift schedules. The results show that the proposed gearshift strategy saves 16.5% of energy on hilly roads compared to conventional approaches. Optimal gearshift schedules for acceleration provide more room for second gear operation, while optimized gearshift schedules for the road grade increase the buffer zone for larger vehicles and allow more space for the second gear operating area. The experimental results validate the proposed approach’s performance for both large and small electric vehicles.

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9

Timofievskiy, A. A. "Control of dynamics of tractor with electronic gearshift control." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66938.

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Анотація:

The article deals with control of process of tractor unit acceleration from the standpoint of meeting the requirements imposed on the dynamics of the tractor: the maximum value of the tractor acceleration and the maximum acceleration growth rate. As in the electro-hydraulic shift control the pressure in the switchable friction clutches is controlled by a feedback effected by proportional hydraulic valves, the pressure change process is considered to be exponential. The time constant of this process is defined. It is established that the simultaneous acceptance of the permissible values of the maximum acceleration of the tractor and the maximum growth rate of the acceleration (jerk) determines the calculated value of the time constant of the process of changing the pressure in the included friction clutch during the acceleration period. There were determined the parameters of the calculated acceleration process and the basic values of the pressures in the friction clutches, which are used in the formation of the program for changing the pressure in the clutches when changing gears. From the positions of dynamics and heat losses in friction clutches the influence of the structural difference in the hydraulic schemes of the pressure supply to the clutches and the progress of the tractor acceleration is estimated. Some variants of forming a pressure change program are considered that allow, with unfavorable design characteristics of the pressure supply to the clutches, to meet the requirements for the dynamics of the tractor when shifting gears. The results of calculations performed with the help of the mathematical model of the dynamics of the tractor in the course of gear shifting, the values of the dynamic parameters and the friction work in friction clutches for various characteristics of hydraulic pressure supply systems, or for various programs of pressure change are presented. The analysis of calculation results is carried out; conclusions are drawn and recommendations are given.

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10

Lin, Shusen, Bo Li, and Weidong Jiao. "Gearshift performance improvement for an electromagnetic gearshift system based on optimized active disturbance rejection control method." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 2 (February 2019): 168781401982746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019827465.

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11

Wang, Xiwen, and Tongli Lu. "Offline model predictive control approach to micro-slip control in gearshifts of dual clutch transmission." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 236, no. 1 (November 3, 2021): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14644193211052136.

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Анотація:

Dual clutch transmission can avoid some noise vibration and harshness issues caused by other transmissions with single clutch. And applying micro-slip control on clutches can further improve the gearshift performance of transmission compared to the lock-up control. Considering the real-time characteristic of vehicle control, an offline model predictive controller designed by multi-parameter quadratic programming was creatively applied in dual clutch transmission to obtain both clutch torque at the same time with optimal control algorithm. In this way, while realizing the micro-slip state of the clutches, the fast response speed can be realized through the off-line controller, which makes it more feasible and practical for transmission control. A six degrees of freedom vehicle powertrain system model was built in MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the proposed control algorithm. The simulation results show that the micro-slip control avoid the negative torque compared to the lock-up control, which leads to a smoother shift process. In addition, compared with the proportional–integral–derivative micro-slip controller, the offline model predictive controller can achieve more stable control effects with less output torque fluctuation and shorter gearshift time.

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12

Li, Wei, Chen Kang, and Xiaoyuan Zhu. "Coordinated speed and position control of integrated motor-transmission system." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 43, no. 13 (May 24, 2021): 3013–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01423312211015111.

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In this paper, a coordinated driving motor speed and shifting motor displacement control strategy is proposed for the integrated motor-transmission (IMT) system during the gearshift process. For active speed synchronization of IMT system, speed reference to driving motor is redesigned by using a polynomial speed trajectory. Compared with conventional step speed change reference, it can help improve the ride performance of IMT system. While in the gear release as well as engagement phase, a robust optimal preview controller is developed for the shifting motor to realize rapid and reliable position tracking of the sleeve in spite of load disturbance. Based on real time value of the driving motor speed and also sleeve axial position, proposed speed and position controllers are coordinated in plan during the whole gearshift process. Co-simulations with Matlab/Simulink and AMEsim are conducted to demonstrate dynamical characteristics of the IMT system during the whole gear shifting process, in which a two-layer switching logic is built by using Matlab/Stateflow. Comparative simulation tests are carried out to show the effectiveness as well as performance of proposed control strategies.

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13

Gavgani, Arash M., Aldo Sorniotti, John Doherty, and Carlo Cavallino. "Optimal gearshift control for a novel hybrid electric drivetrain." Mechanism and Machine Theory 105 (November 2016): 352–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2016.06.016.

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14

Dumatubun, Herman. "Aplikasi Teknologi Eurotronic Actuator Transmisi Pada Iveco Truck Trakker ADH-N." Jurnal Teknik AMATA 3, no. 2 (December 26, 2022): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.55334/jtam.v3i2.320.

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Анотація:

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana teknologi Eurotronic Actuator Transmisi ini bekerja memindahkan gigi – gigi percepatan Pada Iveco Truck Trakker ADH-N. Penelitian di lakukan pada PT. Cakra Jawara Timika dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa pengaturan otomatis gearshift bekerja untuk memilih gigi secara otomatis dan melakukan fungsi clutch terhadap putaran engine secara otomatis juga. Kontrol ini berkomunikasi dengan sistem elektronik lainnya: EDC, ABS / ASR / EBS dan INTARDER melalui jalur komunikasi CAN Line, pada saat yang sama komunikasi dengan gear selector melalui CAN Line (Controller Area Network). Gearshift electronic gearcase dapat mendeteksi posisi pedal gas, kapasitas bahan bakar, jumlah putaran engine, aktivasi engine brake dan sambungan dengan sistem yaitu ECU (Electronic Contorol Unit), EDC (Engine Diesel Control).

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15

Zhang, Fengqi, Lihua Wang, Serdar Coskun, Yahui Cui, and Hui Pang. "Computationally Efficient Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Approximate Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11040065.

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This article presents an energy management method for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) based on approximate Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (A-PMP). The A-PMP optimizes gearshift commands and torque distribution for overall energy efficiency. As a practical numerical solution in PMP, the proposed methodology utilizes a piecewise linear approximation of the engine fuel rate and state of charge (SOC) derivative by considering drivability and fuel economy simultaneously. Moreover, battery aging is explicitly studied by introducing a control-oriented model, which aims to investigate the effect of battery aging on the optimization performance in the development of the HEVs. An approximate energy management strategy with piecewise linear models is then formulated by the A-PMP, which targets a better performance for the Hamiltonian optimization. The gearshift map is extracted from the optimal results in the standard PMP to hinder frequent gearshift by considering both drivability and fuel economy. Utilizing an approximated Hamilton function, the torque distribution, gearshift command, and the battery aging degradation are jointly optimized under a unified framework. Simulations are performed for dynamic programming (DP), PMP, and A-PMP to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results indicate that the proposed methodology achieves a close fuel economy compared with the DP-based optimal solution. Moreover, it improves the computation efficiency by 50% and energy saving by 3.5%, compared with the PMP, while ensuring good drivability and fuel efficiency.

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16

Yang, Yunyun, Sen Wu, and Xiang Fu. "Shifting Control Algorithm for a Single-Axle Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Bus Equipped with EMT." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/618587.

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Анотація:

Combining the characteristics of motor with fast response speed, an electric-drive automated mechanical transmission (EMT) is proposed as a novel type of transmission in this paper. Replacing the friction synchronization shifting of automated manual transmission (AMT) in HEVs, the EMT can achieve active synchronization of speed shifting. The dynamic model of a single-axle parallel PHEV equipped with the EMT is built up, and the dynamic properties of the gearshift process are also described. In addition, the control algorithm is developed to improve the shifting quality of the PHEV equipped with the EMT in all its evaluation indexes. The key techniques of changing the driving force gradient in preshifting and shifting compensation phases as well as of predicting the meshing speed in the gear meshing phase are also proposed. Results of simulation, bench test, and real road test demonstrate that the proposed control algorithm can reduce the gearshift jerk and the power interruption time noticeably.

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17

Liu, Yanwei, Yuzhong Chen, Zhenye Li, Kegang Zhao, and Ziyue Lin. "Multi-Objective Optimal Gearshift Control for Multispeed Transmission Electric Vehicles." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 129785–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3009481.

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18

Ngo, V., T. Hofman, M. Steinbuch, and A. Serrarens. "Optimal Control of the Gearshift Command for Hybrid Electric Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 61, no. 8 (October 2012): 3531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2012.2207922.

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19

Tebaldi, Davide, and Roberto Zanasi. "Instantaneous Gearshift Model Based on Gear-dependent Angular Momentum." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 13952–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.912.

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20

PAN, Chunyue. "Air Compressor Pressure Control System Based On Gearshift Integral PID Controller." MATEC Web of Conferences 139 (2017): 00199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201713900199.

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21

Huang, Wei, Jianfeng Huang, and Chengliang Yin. "Optimal Design and Control of a Two-Speed Planetary Gear Automatic Transmission for Electric Vehicle." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 22, 2020): 6612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186612.

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Multispeed transmissions are helpful for improvement of the economy and drivability of electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, we propose a two-speed transmission based on dual planetary gear mechanism, in which shifts are realized by torque transfer between two brakes located on ring gears. To synthesize the dynamic and economic performances of the vehicle, a multiobjective optimization problem is constructed for gear ratio optimization and Pareto-optimal solutions of gear ratio combinations are obtained by Nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). In particular, the minimum electric energy consumption of the EV is calculated with a fast Dynamic Programming (DP) in each iteration. Following this, a constant-output-torque control (COTC) scheme is adopted for the torque phase and inertia phase of gearshift process to ensure constant output torque on the wheel. To enhance transient responses, the feedforward–feedback controller structure is applied and a disturbance observer is integrated to improve robustness. Simulation results demonstrate that the two-speed transmission has much better performance in terms of acceleration time and energy economy compared to the fixed-ratio transmission, and the proposed gearshift control method is able to achieve fast and smooth gear shift robustly while maintaining constant output torque.

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22

Balerna, Camillo, Marc-Philippe Neumann, Nicolò Robuschi, Pol Duhr, Alberto Cerofolini, Vittorio Ravaglioli, and Christopher Onder. "Time-Optimal Low-Level Control and Gearshift Strategies for the Formula 1 Hybrid Electric Powertrain." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010171.

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Today, Formula 1 race cars are equipped with complex hybrid electric powertrains that display significant cross-couplings between the internal combustion engine and the electrical energy recovery system. Given that a large number of these phenomena are strongly engine-speed dependent, not only the energy management but also the gearshift strategy significantly influence the achievable lap time for a given fuel and battery budget. Therefore, in this paper we propose a detailed low-level mathematical model of the Formula 1 powertrain suited for numerical optimization, and solve the time-optimal control problem in a computationally efficient way. First, we describe the powertrain dynamics by means of first principle modeling approaches and neural network techniques, with a strong focus on the low-level actuation of the internal combustion engine and its coupling with the energy recovery system. Next, we relax the integer decision variable related to the gearbox by applying outer convexification and solve the resulting optimization problem. Our results show that the energy consumption budgets not only influence the fuel mass flow and electric boosting operation, but also the gearshift strategy and the low-level engine operation, e.g., the intake manifold pressure evolution, the air-to-fuel ratio or the turbine waste-gate position.

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23

Sun, Zhiqiang, Kazushi Sanada, Bingzhao Gao, Jiaqi Jin, Jingshun Fu, Longfeng Huang, and Xiaoliang Wu. "Improved Decoupling Control for a Powershift Automatic Mechanical Transmission Employing a Model-Based PID Parameter Autotuning Method." Actuators 9, no. 3 (July 20, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9030054.

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Анотація:

Automatic mechanical transmission (AMT) with a gearshift assistant mechanism is a novel transmission architect concept aiming to improve the torque interruption and driveline jerk of AMT. During the shifting process, the shifting performance deteriorates as the varying road gradient and the friction coefficient worsen the coupling effect between the motor torque and the clutch friction torque. This paper focuses on improving the controller’s robustness of AMT with a gearshift assistant mechanism against the perturbed parameters during the stage of torque gap filling. In this paper, a detailed powertrain simulation model was presented. Based on a decoupling controller and a disturbance compensator, proportional-integral-differential (PID) controllers are applied to enhance the robustness and the decoupling effect. The PID parameters are automatically tuned by employing the Nelder-Mead method. In the tuning process, a cost function was established to demonstrate the outputs’ reference tracking performance, and the PID parameters are tuned by minimizing the cost function. Finally, the tuned parameters are stored in PID maps to make them adjustable online. Simulation results show that with the perturbed parameters well estimated, the upshift process was successful and the torque filling effect was also acceptable. The proposed transmission is a promising structure for industry applications.

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24

Mattetti, Michele, Enrico Michielan, Giacomo Mantovani, and Massimiliano Varani. "Objective evaluation of gearshift process of agricultural tractors." Biosystems Engineering 224 (December 2022): 324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2022.11.001.

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25

Mishra, Kirti D., Guy Cardwell, and Krishnaswamy Srinivasan. "Automated calibration of gearshift controllers using iterative learning control for hybrid systems." Control Engineering Practice 111 (June 2021): 104786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2021.104786.

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26

Kang, Ming-xin, and Jin-wu Gao. "Design of an eco-gearshift control strategy under a logic system framework." Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 21, no. 2 (February 2020): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1900459.

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27

Savitsky, Viktor Sergeyevich. "EFFECT OF CHARACTERISTICS OF GEARSHIFT CONTROL ON QUALITY INDICATORS OF TRANSIENT PROCESSES." Вестник Белорусско-Российского университета, no. 4 (2017): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53078/20778481_2017_4_69.

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28

Lu, Xiaohui, Hong Chen, Bingzhao Gao, Zhenwei Zhang, and Weiwei Jin. "Data-Driven Predictive Gearshift Control for Dual-Clutch Transmissions and FPGA Implementation." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 62, no. 1 (January 2015): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2014.2312312.

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29

Guo, Lulu, Bingzhao Gao, Qifang Liu, Jiahui Tang, and Hong Chen. "On-line Optimal Control of the Gearshift Command for Multispeed Electric Vehicles." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 22, no. 4 (August 2017): 1519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2017.2716340.

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30

Sun, Wei, Zhe Ning, Jin Ma, and Guo Qiang Liu. "Study on the Correct of Oil Temperature in Wet DCT Gearshift." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.524.

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In this paper, a dynamics model for DCT shifting process has been built to analyze the clutch hydraulic control system and make the clutch pressure curve with the affection of temperature. Correction for temperature control system reduces the impact degrees and the friction power even solves the "runaway" phenomenon. Experiment achieves the precise working pressure adjustment of the clutch.

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31

Zhu, Sheng, and Jun Hua Hu. "Driving Intention Based Optimal Shift Control for Automatic Transmission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.36.

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In general, discomfort and slipping loss cannot be avoided during gearshift due to discrete gear ratio. Therefore, improving shift quality has long been concerned in the developing process of automatic transmission. This paper presents the equivalent dynamic model of automatic transmission, based on which optimal theory is then applied to obtain ideal engaging/disengaging torque control. Driving intention is also taken into consideration in the optimal control by deciding the weighted values for slipping loss and jerk items in the target function with fuzzy logic method. The simulation results show a good reflection of driving intention and could be used to decide band/clutch apply pressure in the control unit developing process afterwards.

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32

Reutov, Aleksandr. "GEARSHIFT SIMULATION OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSMISSION WITH TORQUE CONVERTER." Automation and modeling in design and management 2022, no. 2 (June 22, 2022): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2658-6436-2022-2-27-38.

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The aim of the work is to evaluate the influence of gear shift parameters on the performance indicators of an automobile transmission with a torque converter (TC). The research objective is to develop a computer dynamic model of an automobile transmission with a three-row planetary gearbox and a TC to assess the transmission quality. The research applies the method of computer simulation using the software package “Universal Mechanism”. The novelty of the work is building a computer dynamic model of an automobile transmission with a three-row planetary gearbox and a torque converter to study the processes of gear shifting. The work results in developing a computer model to study the dynamic processes in a car transmission to assess the influence of gear shift parameters on the performance indicators of a car transmission with a TC. Recommendations are given on choosing gear shift control parameters. The work findings state that increasing the rise time of the friction clutch tup compression force raises the TC efficiency and the synchronization time of the clutch disks, reduces the values of the maximum angular acceleration and the change rate in the angular acceleration of the vehicle wheels (Jerk), increases the work of the friction forces of the clutches (W) when shift up is engaged and reduces W when shift down is engaged regardless of the TC blocking. When upshifting is actuated, one can recommend the minimum value of tup, which provides an acceptable value of Jerk.

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33

Tian, Yang, Haitao Yang, Wenwei Mo, Shilei Zhou, Nong Zhang, and Paul D. Walker. "Optimal coordinating gearshift control of a two-speed transmission for battery electric vehicles." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 136 (February 2020): 106521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.106521.

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34

Nezhadali, V., and L. Eriksson. "Optimal control of engine controlled gearshift for a diesel-electric powertrain with backlash." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 11 (2016): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.08.111.

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35

Xu, Chun Hua. "Down-Shift Control for Wet Dual Clutch Transmission Based on FCMAC." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1800–1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1800.

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Анотація:

In order to solve the problems existed in gearshift with wet dual clutch transmission; the down-shift control strategy is developed on the basis of analysis on gear shift process. Clutch pressure intelligent control arithmetic based on FCMAC (Fuzzy Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller) is designed to realize accuracy control of clutch pressure. The transmission control unit is designed, and the control program is written. Taking down-shift from 2 to 1 for example, down-shifting control strategy was drawn. After applied the introduced method into the experiments on both power-on and power-off downshift under different throttle positions, ideal shifting quality was achieved. The result indicated that the speed of vehicle changed gently without distinct impact. This essay verifies the validity of the proposed method of the strategy of shifting control.

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36

Lei, Yulong, Ke Liu, Yuanxia Zhang, Yao Fu, Hongbo Liu, Ge Lin, and Hui Tang. "Adaptive Gearshift Strategy Based on Generalized Load Recognition for Automatic Transmission Vehicles." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/614989.

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Recognizing various driving conditions in real time and adjusting control strategy accordingly in automatic transmission vehicles are important to improve their adaptability to the external environment. This study defines a generalized load concept which can comprehensively reflect driving condition information. The principle of a gearshift strategy based on generalized load is deduced theoretically, adopting linear interpolation between the shift lines on flat and on the largest gradient road based on recognition results. For the convenience of application, normalization processing is used to transform generalized load results into a normalized form. Compared with the dynamic three-parameter shift schedule, the complex tridimensional curved surface is not needed any more, so it would reduce demands of memory space. And it has a more concise expression and better real-time performance. For the target vehicle, when driving uphill with gradient 11%, the vehicle load is about 280~320 Nm; when driving downhill, the value is around −340~−320 Nm. Road tests show that generalized vehicle load keeps near 0 in zero-load condition after calibration, and an 11% grade can be estimated with less than 1.8% error. This method is convenient and easy to implement in control software and can identify the driving condition information effectively.

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37

Ding, Jicheng, Kai Zou, and Junling Zhang. "A Combined Control Strategy for Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 7199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.5692.

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This study proposes a combined proportional–integral–derivative (PID) flight control strategy within a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This type of UAV has high speed and high maneuverability. Considering relatively simple implementation, low computational effort, and intuitive operation, the classic PID controller is still popular but imperfect because of several well-known reasons. A number of practical and improved PID control methods, such as integral separation, anti-windup, and gearshift integral, are always used separately in many control fields. In this study, the combined PID flight control strategy is designed and applied to promote the classic PID control performance, along with the aforementioned methods, to fixed-wing UAV. The proposed approach adopts different controls depending on the deviation outputs and UAV physical limitations. The design flowchart and flight control loop are also presented. The combined PID flight control strategy can achieve a smaller overshoot and a shorter settling time than the conventional PID control. Comparable typical flight parameter tracking results (i.e., pitch, roll, altitude, and path angle) from principle simulation, hardware-in-the-loop simulation, and real flight experiment validate the efficacy and practicability of the combined PID flight control strategy.

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38

Liang, Jiejunyi, Paul D. Walker, Jiageng Ruan, Haitao Yang, Jinglai Wu, and Nong Zhang. "Gearshift and brake distribution control for regenerative braking in electric vehicles with dual clutch transmission." Mechanism and Machine Theory 133 (March 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2018.08.013.

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39

Sukontanakarn, Viroch, Tanawat Chalardsakul, and Banjerd Saengchandr. "Design and implementation of DC linear actuator and stepper motor for remote control of the driverless tractor robot." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i3.pp1285-1294.

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This research was to propose the DC linear actuators and a stepper motor as mechanical drive systems such as brake pedal, clutch pedal, forward-reverse gearshift, gear position selection, tail-lifting system to lift the chemical tank, and the speed selection system of power take-off (PTO). The DC linear actuators were used instead of the muscles, arms, and legs of the human being. The stepper motor was used to control the steering direction of a driverless tractor robot. The control was based on the programmable logic controller and radio remote control for the driverless tractor robots. Both MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experimental results were the validation and satisfactorily achieved. The test results of the driverless tractor robot in spraying water on a football field were satisfactory steering response and rapid braking.

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40

Tarasik, Vladimir Petrovich, Yury Sergeyevich Romanovich, Roman Vladimirovich Pliakin, and Olga Vladimirovna Puzanova. "EFFECT OF GEARSHIFT ALGORITHM PARAMETERS ON QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF VEHICLE HYDROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION." Вестник Белорусско-Российского университета, no. 3 (2018): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53078/20778481_2018_3_49.

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41

Li, Bo, Wenqing Ge, Qiang Li, Yujiao Li, and Cao Tan. "Gearshift Sensorless Control for Direct-Drive-Type AMT Based on Improved GA-BP Neural Network Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (March 19, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6456410.

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The automated mechanical transmission (AMT) based on the electromagnetic linear driving device (EMLDD) has good potential for shift performance. However, the direct-drive shifting mechanism based on the displacement sensor is difficult to meet the compactness of the structure and control robustness in complex environment. Through analyzing the working principle of the electromagnetic linear driving device and features of sensorless control strategy, a new displacement prediction method based on the improved GA-BP neural network is proposed to replace the displacement sensor. With current, voltage, and input shaft speed of the electromagnetic linear driving device as input, displacement prediction is obtained by the GA-BP neural network with improved selection factor. Finally, the experiment validated the effectiveness of displacement prediction based on the improved GA-BP neural network of shift control. The results showed that prediction accuracy of the improved GA-BP neural network was greater than 96% under all shift working conditions. The average RMSE was reduced by 21.8%, absolute error of displacement prediction was controlled within ±0.5 mm, and average shift time was less than 0.18 s. In this paper, the BP neural network is applied to complex linear displacement prediction, which has important application and popularization value.

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42

Lin, Shusen, Siqin Chang, and Bo Li. "Gearshift control system development for direct-drive automated manual transmission based on a novel electromagnetic actuator." Mechatronics 24, no. 8 (December 2014): 1214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2014.09.008.

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43

Lin, Shusen, and Bo Li. "Shift Force Optimization and Trajectory Tracking Control for a Novel Gearshift System Equipped With Electromagnetic Linear Actuators." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 24, no. 4 (August 2019): 1640–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2019.2916776.

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44

Tarasik, Vladimir Petrovich. "FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MECHATRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR FRICTION CLUTCHES IN THE GEARSHIFT MECHANISM OF AUTOMOBILE AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION." Вестник Белорусско-Российского университета, no. 3 (2017): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.53078/20778481_2017_3_99.

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45

Chen, Gang, Zhifeng Chen, Liangmo Wang, and Weigong Zhang. "Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient and Active Disturbance Rejection Controller based coordinated control for gearshift manipulator of driving robot." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 117 (January 2023): 105586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105586.

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46

Kim, Sun Je, and Kyung-Soo Kim. "Experimental Investigation of the Seamless Gearshift Mechanism Using an Electric Motor and a Planetary Gear-Set." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 6705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246705.

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Vehicle transmission which has discrete gear-stages inevitably produces torque drop during shifting gears. This torque drop should be minimized because it may lead to uncomfortable driving feeling and degradation of acceleration performance. In accordance with the spread of electric-powered vehicle technology, this study proposes novel transmission architecture to eliminate torque drop during shifting gears by using one electric motor and verifies its operating concept through experiments with a test-bench. The proposed transmission, called CGST (clutchless geared smart transmission) can synchronize the gear-shaft to be engaged for the next gear-stage with the output shaft by using a planetary gear-set and an electric motor. The CGST has a dual input gear-box with even and odd gear-stages on different input shafts, and the planetary gear-set and the electric motor control the speeds of each input shafts to smoothly engage the next gear-stage. This idea was verified by the simplified test-rig in this study. Three distinct scenarios for gear-shift including starting from engine idling, odd to even gear-shift, and even to odd gear-shift were conducted in the experiment. The shifting performance of the CGST was evaluated by comparing it with the results of the manual transmission (MT). As a result, the CGST shows only 24% of torque drop of the MT, and torque oscillation followed after gear-shifting is reduced by 26%. Although the developed test bench was of limited size, the possibility and expected performance of the CGST have been confirmed as the solution for seamless transmission.

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47

Jukic, Daniel, and David G. Carmichael. "Emission and cost effects of training for construction equipment operators." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 5, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-11-2015-0040.

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Purpose – It is postulated that operator-dependent factors have a substantial impact on the fuel consumption and emissions of heavy-duty construction vehicles, such that by adopting different operator practices, savings in fuel used and lower emissions and costs can be achieved. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to examine the emission and cost effects of a driver-training programme aimed at fuel efficiency and construction truck operators. Design/methodology/approach – A study was conducted on an urban excavation involving truck-and-trailer vehicles, serviced by an excavator, over an approximately 50 km trafficked urban circuit. Field observations, before and after training, and including those on a control truck operator, gave fuel usage, emissions data, speed, travel times, routing, production and operational costs. Findings – Compared to baseline values, trained drivers saw a reduction in their fuel consumption by an average of 8.5 per cent, reducing to 7.7 per cent after several weeks following training. Importantly, this occurred without increased travel time or lost production. Research limitations/implications – The number of drivers participating in the research was dictated by the nature of the project involved. A larger sample, and research involving a closer study of braking, acceleration and gearshift behaviour, would help confirm this paper’s results and provide further insight. Practical implications – The paper demonstrates quantitative benefits (reduced unit emissions and reduced unit costs) associated with construction equipment operator training. Originality/value – The research is original, being the first related to driver training of heavy-duty construction equipment and incorporating production measurements, the first involving a study of equipment operators unaware that they were being observed, and the first involving a control.

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48

Mashadi, Behrooz, S. M. Mansourian, Amir H. Kakaee, and Ali Nassiri Toosi. "Control of a twin clutch transmission for smooth gearshifts." Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems 21, no. 4 (April 15, 2015): 389–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13873954.2015.1033430.

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49

Hu, Yunfeng, Lu Tian, Bingzhao Gao, and Hong Chen. "Nonlinear gearshifts control of dual-clutch transmissions during inertia phase." ISA Transactions 53, no. 4 (July 2014): 1320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2014.03.017.

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50

Reutov, Aleksandr. "SIMULATION OF A DUAL CLUTCH AUTOMATED TRANSMISSION GEAR SHIFT." Automation and modeling in design and management 2021, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2658-6436-2021-3-4-14-24.

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A computer dynamic model of an automobile transmission with a double dry clutch, created using the "Universal Mechanism" software package, is presented. Work objective is to analyze the possibility of improving double dry clutch efficiency at various controls of compressive forces of clutch plates. The computer model contains 7 bodies: an engine crankshaft, two clutch plates, two gearbox input shafts for odd and even gears, an output shaft, a fly wheel. The simulation of gear shifting shows that pressing a clutch pedal or letting out the clutch simultaneously, cutoff time increment increases the rotational speed justification of the engine shaft and the input shaft of the actual gear, the total work of the friction forces of both clutches and does not affect the maximum value of clutch plates rotary sliding resistance. Frictional energy of the clutch when shifting gears from lower to higher is greater than when shifting gears from higher to lower. Sequential clutch on-off reduces the total frictional energy of both clutches by 1.17...1.31 times compared to simultaneous one. The model allows looking into different gearshift modes with uniform velocity or accelerated vehicle motion, optimize the gearshift strategy.

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