Статті в журналах: "Gear grinding modes"

1

Larshin, Vasily P., Olga B. Babiychuk, Oleksandr V. Lysyi, Serhii M. Verpivskyi, and Zhang Yunxuan. "Optimization of the precision gear grinding operation based on integrated information system." Herald of Advanced Information Technology 4, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/hait.04.2021.2.

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In accordance with the principles of hierarchical management, a comprehensive two-level management system is presented for the development and manufacturing of products for the stages of pre-production (the upper level of the management hierarchy) and for the actual production stage (the lower level of the management hierarchy). At the stage of pre-production, the gear grinding operation design on the “MAAG” type machines was carried out. For this purpose, a technique for optimizing the gear grinding parameters for a two dish-wheel rolling scheme has been developed, a mathematical optimization model containing an objective function with restrictions imposed on it has been created. The objective function is the gear grinding machine time, which depends on the operation parameters (gear grinding stock allowance, cutting modes, grinding wheel specification, part material) and the design features of the gears being ground (module, diameter, number of teeth, radius of curvature of the involutes). The article shows that at the stage of pre-production, the gear grinding optimization is a method of operation design. At the stage of actual production, a closed-loop automatic control system with feedback on the deviation of the adjustable value (gear grinding power) automatically supports the numerical power values that were found at the operation design stage, taking into account ensuring defect-free high-performance gear grinding (minimum number of working strokes and maximum longitudinal feeds). At this stage, i.e. when a robust longitudinal feed automatic control system is operating, the optimization carried out at the previous stage (pre-production) sets the functioning algorithm for the adaptive system with corresponding control algorithm. Thus, at the production stage (when the gear grinding machine is running), the operation optimization is a control method. Therefore, it is shown that with two-level control, the gear grinding operation optimization performs a dual function. On the one hand, it is a design method (at the pre-production stage), and on the other – a management method (at the actual production stage). With this approach, i.e. with the integration of production and its preparation based on a single two-level management, the efficiency of a single integrated design and production automation system is significantly higher due to general (unified) optimization, rather than partial one.

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2

Wang, Ya Hui, and Xiao Zhong Ren. "Dynamics Behaviors Analysis on the Column of Gear Grinding Machine." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 1885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.1885.

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Aiming at the issue on the development of gear form grinding machine, a method for analyzing the dynamic behaviors of the machine column was introduced. Based on the model of gear grinding machine developed before, a suitable finite element model of the column was established firstly. Modal analysis on the column was carried out by means of ANSYS software, and the first five natural frequencies and vibration modes of the column were obtained. According to the analysis results, some improvements on the original column structure were made. By comparing the static and dynamic behaviors of several different rib structures presented, the best column structure is selected. This method offers theoretical basis for the structural improvement of gear grinding machine.

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3

Vorozhcova, Natal'ya, Vladimir Makarov, Aleksandr Gorbunov, and Elena Kolganova. "TECHNOLOGICAL CAPACITY UPDATING OF CONTINUOUS RUN-IN GEAR GRINDING METHOD." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2021, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2021-5-15-22.

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The work purpose consists in the technological capacity updating of the method for cog-wheel continuous run-in gear grinding based on the purpose of efficient modes and characteristics of the worm disk. The investigation methods are based on mathematical modeling and planning experiments. Machining aircraft cylindrical cog-wheels and special samples was carried out on modern NC machines, benches and plants with the use of up-to-date test equipment: coordinate inspection machine KIM R-100 “Klingelnberg”, profile meter MarSurf M300S “Mahr”, optical microscope Axiovert 400MAT “Zeiss”, electronic scanning microscope Tescan Mira3 “Tescan”, micro-hardness gage Micro Met 5104 “Buehler”, X-ray diffractometer Xstress Robot “Stresstech OY”, Barkhausen digital nose analyzer Rollscan 350 “StresstechOY”, plant APOON on the well-known and developed techniques. The research results and novelty. Special strategy and cutting modes at the required characteristics of the combined polish-grinding worm allow ensuring gear profile roughness Ra=0.089 mkm keeping high accuracy of a ring gear (gear profile error Fa=1.6mkm) without gear honing thereby increasing productivity. The quality researches of gear surface layer give grounds for the application of the method for aircraft cog wheels.

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4

Gorla, Carlo, Francesco Rosa, Edoardo Conrado, and Horacio Albertini. "Bending and contact fatigue strength of innovative steels for large gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 14 (January 7, 2014): 2469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213519614.

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Large gears for wind turbine gearboxes require high performances and cost-effective manufacturing processes. Heat distortion in the heat treatment phase and the consequent large grinding stock are responsible for high manufacturing costs due to reduced productivity. A research project aimed at the identification of new materials, manufacturing and heat treatment processes has been performed. Air quenchable alloy steels, combined with a specifically developed case hardening and heat treatment process, have been identified as an interesting solution, both from the point of view of cost effectiveness, thanks to reduced distortions and grinding stock, and for the environmental sustainability. The research project has been completed by the manufacturing of a full-scale gear, on which the whole process has been validated. Nevertheless, in order to judge the applicability of these steels to large gears, data from specific tests on the performances against typical gear failure modes, like bending and contact fatigue, are necessary as well. Single tooth fatigue bending tests and disc-on-disc contact fatigue tests have therefore been performed on two innovative materials, respectively, a high hardenability steel and a bainitic structure steel, and on a reference traditional case hardening steel. The results of these tests, which provide useful data for gear designers, are presented and discussed in this paper.

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5

Клепиков, Виктор, Viktor Klyepikov, Александр Черепахин, and Alyeksandr CHyeryepakhin. "Optimization of spline hole broach processes and grinding of cylindrical surfaces in hardened cog-wheels." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 1, no. 8 (August 30, 2016): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20813.

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One of the factors affecting considerably gear cutting accuracy consists in technological basis quality. The largest influence upon treatment accuracy of a reference hole have broach wear and errors in hole grinding. In the paper there are shown the investigation results of technological parameter effect upon broach stability and accuracy in broach treatment and grinding of a reference splined hole. The developed model of a process and a tool test allowed defining optimum parameters from the point of view of the treatment accuracy, surface layer parameters and life of a tool and cutting modes. It was considered simultaneously the hardening impact upon a reference hole surface layer.

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6

Safarov, Damir, Aleksey Kondrashov, and Ayrat Fashudtinov. "TOOTH LEG EXCESSIVE UNDERCUT ELIMINATION IN HELICAL CYLINDRICAL GEARS WITH PROTUBERANCE OF HOBBING CUTTER BASED ON GRAPHIC RUN-IN." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2021, no. 7 (June 16, 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2021-7-19-27.

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In the paper there are considered procedures for designing a transition curved tooth leg of helical cylindrical gears. A significant parameter of a transition curve is a diameter of boundary points. The boundary point diameter belongs to a bottom point of the involute profile of the teeth side surface of a gear ring. The boundary point position must be lower of the design end point of the involute profile defined by the designer of gearing. A diameter value depends upon a great number of production factors: a profile and wear of a grinding disk, setting up parameters, teeth machining modes of a gear ring, but it is impossible to ensure the specified values of the diameter of boundary points without a correct design solution in the course of the form choice of milling cutter protuberance. The solution on protuberance acceptable parameters of a gear-cutting tool is made by the designer of a cutter during graphic run-in fulfillment. In the paper there are revealed conditions under which arise mistakes in the course of graphic run-in fulfillment within the limits of one teeth pitch of a milling cutter. There are shown recommendations for the fulfillment ensuring the diameter dimension of boundary points of the transition curve specified by the designer of gearing. The data on the design parameter impact of the hob protuberance upon the continuance of cutting edge interaction are shown. There are recommendations given to prevent undercut arising caused by the fulfillment of graphic two-dimensional run-ins of cylindrical helical gears. The work purpose: the elimination of tooth leg excessive undercut in helical cylindrical gears with the protuberance of a worm milling cutter at the expense of the fulfillment of graphic run-in conditions. The investigation methods: the graphical modeling of a run-in process. The investigation results and novelty: there are defined conditions of arising an excessive undercut in the tooth leg of helical cylindrical gears during the fulfillment of graphic run-ins of a tool rack. The conclusions: for mistake prevention in the calculations of the protuberance geometrical parameters of the helical milling cutter the graphic run-in must be carried out not less than on the 1.5 pitch of the milling cutter.

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7

Liu, Chia-Chang, and Chung-Biau Tsay. "Mathematical Models and Contact Simulations of Concave Beveloid Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 124, no. 4 (November 26, 2002): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1517563.

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This study presents two mathematical models of concave beveloid gears ground by Mitome’s grinding method and by the novel grinding method proposed by the authors. Based on the developed mathematical models, the contact simulations are performed and the characteristics of concave beveloid gear pairs are investigated. Simulation results indicate that our novel grinding method ameliorates the drawback of Mitome’s grinding method by eliminating the transmission error of the helical concave beveloid gear pairs. In contrast to conventional beveloid gear pairs, the gears ground by the proposed novel grinding method not only have larger contact ellipses, but also mesh conjugately with non-parallel axes, although assembly errors exist.

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8

Hübner, Florian, Christoph Löpenhaus, Fritz Klocke, and Christian Brecher. "Extended Calculation Model for Generating Gear Grinding Processes." Advanced Materials Research 1140 (August 2016): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1140.141.

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Generally, hard finishing is the final step in manufacturing cylindrical gears. The most established processes for hard finishing are continuous generation grinding and discontinuous profile grinding [1]. Despite the wide industrial application of the continuous generation grinding process, only few scientific investigations exist. One possible reason for this are the complex contact conditions between tool and gear flank. Modelling the complex contact conditions between grinding worm and gear to calculate cutting forces, characteristic values as well as micro- and macroscopic gear geometry are the topics of this paper. The approaches are introduced and results for validation are presented and discussed.

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9

Jiang, Chuang, Huiliang Wang, Tianhao Han, and Xing Liu. "Simulation and Compensation of Axial Geometric Errors for Cycloidal Gears Based on Form Grinding." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (April 21, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4804498.

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To increase quality, reduce cycloidal gear noise, and avoid unnecessary vibration and shock, a compensation of axial geometric errors method is proposed based on the cycloidal gear form grinding. In the process of machining cycloidal gears, the relative position relationship between the grinding wheel and workpiece is affected by geometric errors of the motion axes, which has serious effects on the surface accuracy of the cycloidal gears. Combined with cycloidal gear form grinding kinematic principles, a geometric error model for each axis of a four-axis computer numerical control form grinding machine is established. By changing the compensation value of the geometrical errors on six degrees of freedom, the error of the cycloid gear tooth surface machined is obtained. Based on a sensitivity analysis of geometrical errors of each axis, the corrections are determined through an optimization process that targets the minimization of the tooth flank errors. The geometric errors of each axis of the cycloid gear grinding machine are compensated, and then, the cycloid gears produced by the machine are processed. Through the processing experiment, the error data of the actual processing before and after the compensation are compared, which indicates that the machining accuracy of the cycloid gear grinding machine is obviously improved. It has an important guiding significance in improving the precision and performance of large CNC form gear grinding machines.

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10

Syusyuka, E. N. "Possibility of applying X-ray methods to control the surface quality of a shaft line after finishing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2061, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2061/1/012022.

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Abstract The purpose of the paper is to analyze the application limits of X-ray methods of non-destructive testing of loaded parts; to compare the results of microstresses and deformations of the details’ surface layer by methods and by the method of X-ray diffraction analysis for various modes of processing the detail surface layer. The studies are carried out on a “Dron” diffractometer. The technique and algorithm of X-ray structural studies, namely, “sin2v|/”-method are represented. Residual macro σφ and micro stresses, as well as the sizes of the areas of coherent scattering (D) on the samples surfaces processed in various modes, and their distribution in the near-surface layer are designated. Phase analysis is conducted and the presence of residual austenite. The research object is the operating surface of the 46-19-186 gear tooth after various treatments: after HFC hardening; after HFC hardening, grinding and blasting in depressions; after HFC hardening and fine-finish cutting. The X-ray structural analysis (XRD) technique is presented to determine the residual macro-σφ and microstresses, the sizes of the coherent scattering regions (D) on the surfaces of the samples processed in different modes. The outcomes of X-ray structural analysis are compared with the outcomes of metallographic studiesmaking. It was determined that the stress relaxation during the manufacture of the sample is no more than 10%, and the total instrumental error of the X-ray spectral analysis method is about 1%.

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11

Wang, Huiliang, Xiaozhong Deng, Jianhai Han, Jubo Li, and Jianjun Yang. "Mathematical Model of Helical Gear Topography Measurements and Tooth Flank Errors Separation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/176237.

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During large-size gear topological modification by form grinding, the helical gear tooth surface geometrical shape will be complex and it is difficult for the traditional scanning measurement to characterize the whole tooth surface. Therefore, in order to characterize the actual tooth surfaces, an on-machine topography measurement approach is proposed for topological modification helical gears on the five-axis CNC gear form grinding machine that can measure the modified gear tooth deviations on the machine immediately after grinding. Combined with gear form grinding kinematics principles, the mathematical model of topography measurements is established based on the polar coordinate method. The mathematical models include calculating trajectory of the centre of measuring probe, defining gear flanks by grid of points, and solving coordinate values of topology measurement. Finally, a numerical example of on-machine topography measurement is presented. By establishing the topography diagram and the contour map of tooth error, the tooth surface modification amount and the tooth flank errors are separated, respectively. Research results can serve as foundation for topological modification and tooth surface errors closed-loop feedback correction.

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12

Lee, Yi Hui, Shih Syun Lin, and Yi Pei Shih. "Probe Position Planning for Measuring Cylindrical Gears on a Four-Axis CNC Machine." Advanced Materials Research 579 (October 2012): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.579.297.

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During large-size gear manufacturing by form grinding, the actual tooth surfaces will differ from the theoretical tooth surface because of errors in the clamping fixture and machine axes and machining deflection. Therefore, to improve gear precision, the gear tooth deviations should be measured first and the flank correction implemented based on these deviations. To address the difficulty in large-size gear transit, we develop an on-machine scanning measurement for cylindrical gears on the five-axis CNC gear profile grinding machine that can measure the gear tooth deviations on the machine immediately after grinding, but only four axes are needed for the measurement. Our results can serve as a foundation for follow-up research on closed-loop flank correction technology. This measuring process, which is based on the AGMA standards, includes the (1) profile deviation, (2) helix deviation, (3) pitch deviation, and (4) flank topographic deviation. The mathematical models for measuring probe positioning are derived using the base circle method. We also calculate measuring positions that can serve as a basis for programming the NC codes of the measuring process. Finally, instead of the gear profile grinding machine, we used the six-axis CNC hypoid gear cutting machine for measuring experiments to verify the proposed mathematical models, and the experimental result was compared with Klingelnberg P40 gear measuring center.

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13

Liu, L., and Y. H. Huang. "Spiral involutes and their application in gear transmission." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 225, no. 12 (June 28, 2011): 2981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211408782.

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Involute helical gears mesh based on the intersections of involute helicoids. However, spiral involutes on the tooth surface do not participate in meshing directly. A new type of gear drive, the spiral involute gear drive, is proposed that works on the contact of spiral involutes. The generation of tooth profile is introduced in detail. Through relative-stagnation method, spiral involutes prove to have conjugation characteristics. To testify whether the transmission ratio of cylindrical spiral involute gears is constant, simulation is implemented in commercial codes ADAMS based on solid models of a pair of spiral involute gears. The computed results show that this novel gear drive can achieve a constant transmission ratio. Due to transmission with uniform velocity, cylindrical spiral involute gears can be used in transmission between intersecting axes. Milling and grinding apply to manufacturing of spiral involute gears.

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14

Ren, Xiao Zhong, Jun Peng Ding, Jian Xin Su, and Xiao Yang Du. "Research on Mathematical Model of Grinding Force in Gear Form Grinding." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.401.

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Based on grinding force formation theory and the surface grinding force formula, the formula of gear form grinding force is obtained by integrating the grinding force in unit width along the involute direction. Simulation analysis and inspection result show that the mathematical model of gear form grinding force is validated. This research is helpful for selecting the technological parameters rationaly in gear form grinding, controlling the wheel dressing and ensuring gear grinding quality.

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15

Wang, Chang Sheng, Peng Yao, Jun Wang, Chuan Zhen Huang, Han Lian Liu, Hong Tao Zhu, and Bin Zou. "Study on the Simplification of Spiral Bevel Gear Grinding Model." Materials Science Forum 861 (July 2016): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.861.108.

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Gear grinding is expensive and difficult to research due to its complex kinematics and meshing theory. In the paper, a simplified method based on the meshing model of spiral bevel gear system is presented. With the relative speed and normal curvature of tooth surfaces and grinding wheels on meshing point deduced from differential geometry theory and grinding parameters, the spiral bevel gear grinding can be simplified to fundamental grinding process like surface, cylindrical and internal grinding, which may be utilized to perform experimental investigation on mechanism of gear grinding.

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16

Huang, Yin Hui, and Liu Lei. "Spiral Involutes and its Application in Gear Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.106.

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Анотація:

Involute helical gears mesh based on the intersections of involute helicoids. However, spiral involutes on the tooth surface do not participate in meshing directly. A new type of gear drive, the spiral involute gear drive is proposed that works on contact of spiral involutes. The generation of tooth profile is introduced in detail. Through relative-stagnation method spiral involutes prove to have conjugation characteristics. To testify whether the transmission ratio of cylindrical spiral involute gears is constant, simulation is implemented in commercial codes ADAMS based on solid models of a pair of spiral involute gears. The computed results show that this novel gear drive can achieve a constant transmission ratio. Due to transmission with uniform velocity, cylindrical spiral involute gears can be used in transmission between intersecting axes, so that generating milling and generating grinding can be achieved.

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17

Wu, Nan Xing, Fei Cheng, and Da Hai Liao. "Finite Element Contact Analysis and Life Analysis of Gears in the Double-Sided Grinding Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 778 (July 2015): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.778.218.

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The contact fatigue life of gears has direct influences on the working life of the double-sided grinding machine, in the actual using process, the contact fatigue life of gears cannot meet the requirements of working because of many factors. This paper uses the finite element software ANSYS, establishs the two-dimensional model of gears, and analyzes and calculates it, the research shows that: life expectancy of gears is 2.13 years, so gears should have carburizing or carbonitriding heat treatment to fit process requirements, gears can live up to 5.82 years, it can fit the technological requirements of gear life of 5 years. It is some practical value for increasing the working life of the double-sided grinding machine and improving the stability and accuracy of the whole machine.

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18

Yakimov, Oleksiy, Natalia Klimenko, Kateryna Kirkopulo, Andrey Pavlyshko, Sergyi Uminsky, and Vladyslav Vaysman. "IMPROVING GRINDING OF GEAR WHEELS APPLIED IN GEARBOXES OF POWER ENGINEERING." Cutting & Tools in Technological System, no. 95 (December 26, 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-7405.2021.95.06.

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Development of modem power engineering follows the line of continuous increase in speed, coefficient of corrosive action and capacity of units. Gears and reducers are responsible parts of modem machinery and occupy an important place in the domestic power engineering construction. Durability and wear resistance of gears, apart from the design factors, also depends on the technological methods of treatment. The final stage of production of such wheels is the operation of gear grinding. In the process of gear grinding in a thin surface ball there are complex thermomechanical processes. As a result of short-time heating to high temperatures, structural transformations, burns, and in some cases even micro- and macro-thicknesses occur in such a surface bail. In addition, there are cases of making tooth wheels with adjacent defects grinding (for example, the appearance of the surface of the ball teeth of large tensioning forces), which reduces the life of the work, and in some cases causes a breakdown of the teeth in operating conditions. Development of effective measures to ensure the quality of the surface of the ball on the operation of grinding baggage in part depends on the possibility of predicting (or calculation) of temperatures and residual loads on the depth of the cemented teeth ball. The method of calculation of internal surplus Toads occurring during grinding of wheels with cemented steels is suggested. On the basis of the performed calculations and experiments the ways to improve the quality of production of working surfaces of gears, which are used in the wits of thermal and nuclear power plants are suggested and grounded.

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19

Krusziński, Bogdan W., and L. Nawara. "Model of Gear-Grinding Process." CIRP Annals 44, no. 1 (1995): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)62334-8.

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20

Huang, Deng Hong, Zhi Yong Wang, and Shui Qin Yu. "Second-Order Proportional Modification Parameters for Spiral Bevel Gears Manufactured by Spread Blade Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 394 (September 2013): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.394.237.

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The proportional modification parameters are useful for compensating the tooth form errors of spiral bevel gears. Based on the mathematical model for calculating the machine setting parameters and according to the relative position relationship between cutter and workpiece, the formulae for calculating the second-order proportional modification parameters for gears manufactured by spread blade method was deduced by the curvature and normal vector at calculation point. The proportional modification parameters can make the lengthwise curvature or profile curvature or lengthwise twist curvature of the concave and convex flank produce uniform change or difference change. The formulae is verified by experiment on CNC spiral bevel gear grinding machine and M&M sigma 7 gear measuring center.

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21

Yu, Shui Qin, Zhi Yong Wang, and Jian Tang. "First-Order Proportional Modification Parameters for Spiral Bevel Gears Manufactured by Spread Blade Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.118.

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The proportional modification parameters are useful for modifying the tooth form errors of spiral bevel gears. Based on the mathematical model for calculating the machine setting parameters and according to the relative position relationship between cutter and workpiece and the curvature and vector of calculation point, the formulae for calculating the first-order proportional modification parameters for gears machined by spread blade method was deduced. The proportional modification parameters can make the pressure angle or spiral angle of the concave flank and the convex flank produce uniform change and difference change. The formulae is verified by experiment on CNC spiral bevel gear grinding machine and M&M sigma 7 gear measuring center.

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22

Ren, Zhong Yi, and Bi Qiong Jiang. "Disk Form Grinding Wheel 3D Parametric Modeling of Quadruple-Arc Gear Based on OpenGL." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1258.

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Arc-gear tooth profile is complex, especially quadruple-arc gear, it cant be grinding by generating method, form grinding method is still has some difficult in wheel dressing. In this article, the author use software VC++6.0 and OpenGL developed a new and special gear software, when the tooth number and modulus of arc-gear to be machined and grinding wheel diameter is given, this software can generate disk form grinding wheel 3D model,this software is useful to arc-gear form grinding wheel dressing.

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23

Shi, Xiaochun, and Weidong He. "Finite Element Analysis and Tooth Profile Modification Study on Traction Gear of High Speed and Heavy Load Locomotive." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (October 7, 2015): 900–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01509010900.

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Base on the characteristics of high-speed and heavy-load locomotive traction gear, a pre-grinding hob was designed which increased the thickness of the dangerous tooth root section as much as possible. The deformation and stress of the traction gears were calculated through the parameterized model established by finite element method. The tooth profile modification was implemented considering three locomotive working conditions including starting, sustain, and rapid operation. Finally, the related tests verified that the optimized transmission gear was in accordance the design requirements, the effect was good.

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24

Zhang, Hu, and Xiao Diao Huang. "Effects of Wheel Dressing Errors on the Accuracy of CNC Gear Form Grinding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.400.

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Gear form grinding is a finish machining method for hard tooth surface with a form wheel. Wheel dressing is an important process in gear form grinding, and affects the precision of the ground gear directly. Based on the envelope theory the mathematical model of the dressed wheel surface was built in the case of wheel dressing errors. Then the real profile of the ground tooth in the transverse plan was solved and its deviations from the designed profile were evaluated. Finally the effects of each dressing error on the precision of the ground gear were analyzed using the proposed mathematical model. The results provided theoretical foundation for the precision control during manufacturing a gear form grinding machine. A grinding experiment was implemented using the gear form grinding machine and the ground gear was measured by a three-coordinate measuring machine. The measure result indicated that the accuracy grade of the ground gear achieved 4 (ISO1328-1: 1997).

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25

Ming, Xing Zu, Wei Wang, Lei Zhao, and Man De Li. "Error Modeling Analysis of Face-Gear NC Grinding Machine." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.313.

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Based on the multi-body system theories and used the homogeneous coordinate transform. Systematically analyzed the geometric error and thermal error of face gear NC grinding machine. Established the face gear NC grinding machine of grinding mathematical model of comprehensive error according with the mechanism grinding errors,To provide a theoretical basis of the error modeling analysis and the error compensation on NC grinding Machine Tool of face-gear.

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26

Ming, Xing Zu, Hong Zhi Yan, Guo Qi He, and Xiang Han Kong. "Grinding Process Parameters Optimization and Surface Performance Analysis of Spiral Bevel Gear Based on the Orthogonal Test." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 1634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.1634.

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Based on the experimental conditions of generation grinding of spiral bevel gear, the grinding orthogonal test design of L16(45) is made, and the results of grinding orthogonal test are obtained. On this basis, the range and variance analyses are carried out by using an integrated balance method, and the optimizing configuration of grinding process parameters of spiral bevel gear is obtained. The test regression models of three grinding evaluating indicators of spiral bevel gear, such as the grinding surface roughness Ra, metamorphic layer depth h and removal rate Zw, are set up by using a method of multivariate nonlinear least square. The maximal absolute value of relative error between computing values and testing ones is 18.41 percent by test validation, and this shows that the regression models are more effective. Through the test optimization of grinding surface performance, the value of grinding surface roughness Ra is more less 0.1μm than one of the normal grinding process, and other comprehensive performances are better. The pre-control measures of grinding process optimization of spiral bevel gear are also put forward. These provide a basis for the improvement of grinding surface quality of spiral bevel gear.

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27

Li, Xiao Zhen, Zheng Min Qing Li, and Ru Peng Zhu. "Study on a Principle of Grinding Process of Face Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (December 2010): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.262.

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In order to process the hardened face-gear, and improve the surface’s accuracy, the grinding process of face gear is studied. According to the equation of tooth surface, the tooth surface is drawn by a series of space curve, the contact point’s trajectory and velocity at the processing of grinding are determined in three coordinate directions. The model of grinding machine is set up, and analyses the movement of relationship between tool and face-gear. The simple grinding wheel apply complex movement to grinding process the face-gear is successful.

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28

Brecher, Christian, Christoph Löpenhaus, and René Greschert. "Influence of the grinding process on the tribological behavior of gear analogy test parts." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 71, no. 8 (October 14, 2019): 991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-04-2018-0157.

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Purpose Boundary layers, which develop during manufacturing and operation, can protect tooth flanks from metal-to-metal contacts. The characteristics of boundary layers and the running behavior of gears are determined by the preconditioning processes (manufacturing and run-in). This paper aims to analyze the influence of the grinding process parameters and the grinding oil on the characteristics of boundary layers. Design/methodology/approach Sets of test parts and test gear sets with different grinding process variants and different metalworking fluids were manufactured to investigate the mechanisms of action of thermomechanical and chemical surface preconditioning during grinding. The test parts were analyzed with regard to their boundary layer by metallography and chemistry and regarding their running behavior on test rigs lubricated with transmission oil. Findings In the tests, reproducible differences in gear strength regarding low-cycle fatigue and micropitting were determined for the test parts ground with different thermomechanical energy inputs and with different metalworking fluids. As the test results could not be sufficiently explained on the basis of conventionally tolerated component properties such as roughness, hardness and residual stresses, a model was discussed which combines the mechanisms of action of the formation of the manufacturing-induced boundary layer with the running behavior of the parts. Originality/value By combining both measurement and test results, possible correlations between manufacturing and operation are investigated to establish a more sustainable and economical design of gears.

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29

Hedlund, J., and A. Lehtovaara. "A parameterized numerical method for generating discrete helical gear tooth surface allowing non-standard geometry." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes799.

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Gear analysis is typically performed using calculation based on gear standards. Standards provide a good basis in gear geometry calculation for involute gears, but these are unsatisfactory for handling geometry deviations such as tooth flank modifications. The efficient utilization of finite-element calculation also requires the geometry generation to be parameterized. A parameterized numerical approach was developed to create discrete helical gear geometry and contact line by simulating the gear manufacturing, i.e. the hobbing process. This method is based on coordinate transformations and a wide set of numerical calculation points and their synchronization, which permits deviations from common involute geometry. As an example, the model is applied to protuberance tool profile and grinding with tip relief. A fairly low number of calculation points are needed to create tooth flank profiles where error is <1 μm.

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30

Wang, Na Jun, Yu Tang, and Peng Wang. "The Design and Simulation of Gear-Shaped Profile Chamfering Structure." Advanced Materials Research 305 (July 2011): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.305.300.

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The paper studies gear chamfering process and carries out process of gear chamfering based on the tooth profile accompanying principle. Based on such method, the cone grinding wheel chamfering structure is designed. Taken the awl grinding wheel head organization as study object, influences of the grinding wheel structure size and installing position is studied. Model of gear chamfering is established based on the spatial geometry relations. Single gear was taken as an example, the degree and size of the edge for such gear after gear chamfering is calculated.

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31

Yang, Shuying, Weifang Chen, Zhiqiang Wang, and Yanfeng Zhou. "Modelling and experiment of gear hob tooth profile error for relief grinding." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 235, no. 13 (May 12, 2021): 2081–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544054211017297.

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Gear hob is an important tool that is most used in gear processing. Hob accuracy directly exerts an overwhelming influence on the quality of the processed gear. Generally, the hob tooth profile accuracy is mainly determined by relief grinding process. Studies on tooth profile errors of gear hobs caused by severe friction and cutting with the high-speed rotation of the wheel during the form grinding machining of hobs are limited. Thus, a theoretical model of the tooth profile error prediction under different machining parameters was established based on the analysis of coupling influence of high temperature and high strain rate on gear hobs in the relief grinding process. The model was completed on the basis of the dynamic explicit integral finite element method of thermo-mechanical coupling. Through the prediction model, the influence of the grinding depth ap, feed speed Vw and grinding speed Vs on the tooth profile error can be analysed. In addition, an algorithm for accurately calculate the grinding wheel axial profile by combining instantaneous envelope theory and hob normal tooth profile was proposed. The hob relief grinding experiments were carried out using the proposed grinding wheel profile algorithm. The relative error of the prediction obtained by comparing the calculation results of the prediction model with the experimental results is within 10%. Results prove the validity of the prediction model. This finding is greatly important for optimising the accuracy of hob relief grinding.

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32

Su, Jian Xin, Xiao Zhong Deng, Xiao Zhong Ren, and Kai Xu. "Development of the Dressing Software for Form Grinding Wheel Used for Grinding Involute Helical Gears." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3556.

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On the basis of establishing the mathematical model of grinding wheel profile by means of analytic method, the grinding wheel profile was determined. Different factors affecting gear form grinding was analyzed by means of numerical simulation. The form grinding wheel dressing software for grinding helical gear was developed, and the instruction for dressing grinding wheel profile was generated. Wheel dressing results show that the dressing software is correct and feasible.

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33

Wang, Hui Liang, Yu Quan Xiong, Jian Jun Yang, and Kai Xu. "Research on Evaluation Method of CNC Gear Form Grinding Processing Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 1944–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.1944.

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To analyze the machining performance of grinding machine and improve the quality of tooth surface, this paper proposes an integrated model of processing performance evaluation of computer numerical control gear grinding machine. Based on the gear profile grinding machine kinematics principles, the topology modification formulas of tooth surface were deduced. Calculated the process capability index according to experimental data and found that the tooth surface errors were followed normal distribution. The main reason of formation errors was analyzed by cause and effect diagram. Finally, the validity of this integrated model of processing performance evaluation is numerically demonstrated using CNC gear grinding machine.

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34

He, Hong Xia, and Hong Xia Liu. "A Calculating Method for the Movement Contrail in the Operation of Dressing the Profile Shape of Grinding Wheel Used for Numerical Control Form Grinding Spur Cylinder Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2269.

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This paper introduces the machining principles and characteristics of mold grinding cylinder gear as well as the composition of a form disc grinding wheel. By using contour machining principle，a mathematical model of form grinding the involute surface of a spur cylinder gear is established. And also a calculating formula used to dress the profile shape of the transition curve of grinding wheel is given by calculating. This provides a calculation method for dressing the profile shape of disc grinding wheel in the axial section used for the operation of numerical control form grinding spur cylinder gear. The example illustrates the method is effective in the use.

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35

Zhang, Cheng, Guo Xing Liang, Ming Lv, and Shi Ying Wang. "The Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Motion Parameters in the Process of Honing Gear." Key Engineering Materials 620 (August 2014): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.620.225.

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Gear honing processing is a kind of processing method which belongs to the point-contact generating gear finishing. Its movement form is equivalent to a pair of gears transmission which the surface of the gear-honing-tool is adhered a layer of grinding grain. When it works in rolling processing, the contact-point between the workpiece and gear-honing-tool is moving. Then the moving point becomes a line in the space, and with the gear-honing-tool being in axial play, a standard flank of tooth is finished. Using the gear meshing principle, kinematics model of relative sliding velocity in the contact-point between the workpiece and tools is established, based on which the contact-line equation. and acceleration equation. at the contact-point are derived. The contact-line is solved in a given parameters of the workpiece and tool in MATLAB. The theoretical derivation and experimental results show that the speed in diverse along the direction of the tooth depth is the main reason for the roughness value and surface texture of workpiece. The acceleration of contact-line at the tooth flank is different, and it is leading reason that the processed workpiece gears appear profile distortion. Finally, the testing system is established for researching honing gear process. It is showed in the results that the acceleration difference can lead to the CBN abrasive falling away from gear honing tool, and even the "anti-cutting" phenomenon.

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36

Ren, Xiao Zhong, and Hai Feng Hu. "Analysis on the Temperature Field of Gear Form Grinding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.809.

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Aiming at the issue on grinding burn of tooth face, the temperature field formed in helical gear form grinding was analyzed. The finite element model of the single tooth of helical gear was firstly established. Considering the nonlinear relation of the physical properties of gear material to temperature, 3D finite element simulation of transient temperature field was performed by using the rectangular moving heat source model. Finally, the temperature field distribution on tooth face was achieved. The study results show that the temperature is relative low when grinding starts, then the temperature increases rapidly, and the temperature reaches the maximum value at the end of grinding; the increase of grinding depth can result in the rise of temperature when other parameters are the constants.

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37

Casian, Maxim, and Sergiu Mazuru. "A Study Concerning the Workpiece Profile after Grinding Process of Precessional Gear Wheels." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.286.

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In this paper we present a study of issues related for determination the real profile and the theoretical one of the precessional gear wheels. In the research process of the precessional gears profile appeared the problem of finding the geometrical error between fabricated profile and the ideal one after grinding process. The cause of the errors has technological and constructive nature. Processing technology of these specific gear wheels is one that still has many unknowns, therefore will be researched the part that is related to the occurrence of deviations from the ideal profile. The manufacturing of processing device and its elements also lead to geometric deviation of the profile, which will lead to adverse effects during operation. Measurement of manufactured profile using special equipment would involve high costs of time and money, therefore will be used computational methods and the statistic-mathematical method. The computational method is to find a better methodology to transform a file obtained from 3D scan (precessional gear wheel), which can be used only as a copy, into a file with functional extension. Such a conversion is very important to make especially for objects with complicated geometry such as precessional wheel profile. Transformation will result in surfaces and geometric objects that can be manipulated and compared to each other, with the aim of find deviations between ideal 3D models and the real ones. The methodology is relative simple: the triangular surfaces which form the shell of object should be approximated by flat, cylindrical, conical, etc. surfaces interlinked and filling the empty space between them with material. Once the scanned real object is transformed into a functional virtual file, it can not only be compared with the ideal model but also modified at the discretion of the user. Also we can find the coordinates of points which form the wheel contour line, which can be analyze and interpolate to obtain a mean value of scanned profile. Following the analysis of a profile obtaining was observed a small error of inclination of the gear teeth, due to the technological process. This methodology can be used to finding geometric errors also for other objects, gears etc.

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38

Wang, Hui Liang, Xiao Zhong Deng, Jian Jun Yang, and Kai Xu. "Mathematical Model of Topology Modification of Tooth Surface and Error Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 2255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.2255.

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In order to analysis the processing performance of the CNC grinding machine, the master profile error distribution characteristics of gear grinding tooth error analysis method based on statistical process control techniques. Tooth profile error topology control charts, analysis of the tooth length direction and the tooth height direction of the error distribution, respectively, corresponding to establish the mean - range control chart. Control charts to achieve real-time distribution of the gear grinding process tooth profile error, error change trend analysis and prevention. Calculate the machine's process capability index, derived CNC grinding processes. Finally, analysis the main causes of tooth profile error and take appropriate measures to reduce the tooth profile error by the cause and effect diagram.

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39

de Oliveira Teixeira, Patricia, Jens Brimmers, and Thomas Bergs. "Investigation of Mechanical Loads Distribution for the Process of Generating Gear Grinding." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5010013.

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In grinding, interaction between the workpiece material and rotating abrasive tool generates high thermo-mechanical loads in the contact zone. If these loads reach critically high values, workpiece material properties deteriorate. To prevent the material deterioration, several models for thermomechanical analysis of grinding processes have been developed. In these models, the source of heat flux is usually considered as uniform in the temperature distribution calculation. However, it is known that heat flux in grinding is generated from frictional heating as well as plastic deformation during the interaction between workpiece material and each grain from the tool. To consider these factors in a future coupled thermomechanical model specifically for the process of gear generating grinding, an investigation of the mechanical load distribution during interaction between grain and workpiece material considering the process kinematics is first required. This work aims to investigate the influence of process parameters as well as grain shape on the distribution of the mechanical loads along a single-grain in gear generating grinding. For this investigation, an adaptation of a single-grain energy model considering the chip formation mechanisms is proposed. The grinding energy as well as normal force can be determined either supported by measurements or solely based on prediction models.

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40

Chen, Xiao Dong, Hong Xi Wang, and Qi Cheng Lao. "Development of Calculating Grinding Wheel-Profile Software Applied to the Sharping Grinder Machine." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.135.

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The grinding wheel-profile is mostly formed by adjusting the angle of cylindrical profile model when regrinding gear hob with the large helix flute. Repeat trial cutting is needed with this method, which results in low efficiency. In order to improve the efficiency of processing, a mathematical model of grinding wheel profile was establish in according to forming principle of the rake face of gear hob and accurately calculate grinding wheel-profile. A automatic programming system of calculating grinding wheel-profile and automatically generate NC code is developed with the developing tool of VC++.

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41

Ding, Wenzheng, Wenquan He, Hu Zhang, and Yao Li. "Effect of Assembly Errors on Ground Tooth Surface Deviations for Large-Scale CNC Gear Profile Grinding Machines." Machines 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10020111.

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Assembling plays a significant role in the performance of large-scale CNC gear profile grinding machines. An approach in the deviation evaluation of ground tooth surfaces taking into account assembly errors is proposed in this paper. Based on the error transmission chain of the profile grinding system and the conjugate motion relationship between the grinding wheel and the workpiece, the ground tooth surface model including assembly errors was established using the surface envelope method. Then, the effect of assembly errors on deviations of the profile grinding tooth surface was quantitatively analyzed. The optimized distribution of assembly errors and machining verifications were performed on large-scale CNC gear profile grinding machines. The results show that the proposed method is effective at ensuring ground tooth surface deviations for large-scale CNC gear profile grinding machines.

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42

Fu, Xuezhong, Zongde Fang, Yanmei Cui, Xiangying Hou, and Jianhua Li. "Modelling, design and analysis of offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear drives." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 9 (September 2018): 168781401879825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018798250.

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This article proposes the application of a profile-shifted grinding disc to generate an offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear. A detailed investigation of the modelling, tooth geometry and contact characteristics of the offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear has been conducted. The mathematical models of the profile-shifted shaper cutter, profile-shifted pinion, profile-shifted grinding disc and offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear are established. Considering the topological modification, the tooth surface equation of the offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear is deduced. Based on the undercutting and pointing of the tooth surface, the limiting tooth width of the offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear is determined, and a mathematical model of tooth contact analysis of the offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear drive is established with the alignment errors. Using the approach presented in this article, an example of an offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear drive and analytical results are presented.

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43

Yang, Kai Ming, Zhao Zhao Liu, Wei Fang Wang, and Li Wen Guan. "Accurate Mathematical Model of Profile Curve Generated by Pre-Grinding Hob and Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Gear Generation." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.612.

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This paper illustrates a method to establish the theoretical equations of profile curve of gear teeth generated by the pre-grinding hob. Matrix computation and differential geometry are employed to derive the equations. Graphics of numerical examples based on the mathematical equations are interpreted using Matlab. The proposed model draws the conclusion about the proper parameters of the teeth profile for the optimization of hob design for industrial application. Furthermore, a three-dimensional model of the pre-grinding hob is built with Pro/E in parametric form as a supplementary approach. It is a descriptive-geometry-based method to generate the gear directly without mathematical derivation. By changing parameters that affect the geometry of a hob tooth profile the hobbing cutter can be constructed to generate any conjugated gear through the motion simulation. With the aid of exact mathematical model and computer program, efficiency of gear machining can be improved by eliminating the traditional trial and error procedure. Keywords-pre-grinding hob; antenna; differential geometry; theoretical equation; parametric design; simulation of generation.

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44

Li, Yong Xiang, Xiao Qin Bi, Jun Shun Zhang, Guo Ding Chen, and Ning Zhao. "Research on the Abrasive Machining of Face Gear." Key Engineering Materials 416 (September 2009): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.416.192.

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According to the forming theory of face gear’s teeth surface, abrasive machining of face gear was studied through establishing abrasive machining coordinating system. The movement of every device of the grinding machine for face gear’s abrasive machining was also analyzed. In addition, a geometric model of the grinding machine was initially built on this base, which could be referred to during the designing and reforming of face gear’s grinding machine

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45

Su, Jian Xin, Xiao Zhong Deng, Xiao Zhong Ren, and Kai Xu. "Study on the Inner Helical Gear Form Grinding Wheel Dressing Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (December 2010): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.397.

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Based on the gear meshing theory, the mathematical model of inner helical gear form grinding is established. In order to get rid of the grinding interference, numerical simulation is used to optimize the diameter of grinding wheel and its installation angle. The wheel profile obtained by means of numerical simulation is transformed into the end section of tooth firstly, and then compared with the theoretical involute tooth. Substitute the optimized diameter of grinding wheel and its installation angle into meshing equation, the wheel profile can be obtained by solving meshing equation with Newton iteration method. Wheel dressing and simulating analysis software are prepared based on VC++6.0.

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46

Li, Ping, and Bang Jun Wang. "Analysis of Grinding Angle Based on Grinding Machine." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.130.

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The value of grinding angle of grinding machine directly affects working efficiency and processing precision of gear grinding machines. A mathematical model of Generating Motion is established by analyzing and studying working principle and machining processes of the grinding machine. Equations of Generating Motion had been determined when the grinding machine was working. Then the relationship between grinding angle and Generating Motion was gotten and the optimal value of the grinding angle was finally obtained.

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47

Li, Xiao Zhen, Ru Peng Zhu, Zheng Min Qing Li, and Fa Jia Li. "Study on Designing and Dressing of Worm for Grinding Process of Face Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.475.

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In order to process the hardened face-gear, the worm for face-gear is studied. The research includes designing and dressing method of worm. According to the meshing relationship of face-gear, worm and shaper, coordinate systems of face-gear, worm and shaper are established. By envelope theory, the face-gear tooth surface are obtained, worm tooth surface and shaper tooth surface. The solid models of face-gear, worm and shaper were built, and the approach of dressing was simulated for hardened face-gear processed.

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48

Zhang, Guo Xing, Zhi Yong Hu, Shao Hua Qian, Zhi De Wang, and Yong Zhi Gong. "Grinding Cutter Design of Involute Straight Bevel Gear Based on Central Projection Method." Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (July 2011): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.939.

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In order to establish precise grinding cutter model of straight bevel gear, this study projects the spherical involute that forms tooth profile of bevel gear into the involute of circle approximately, and makes a simulation model database of bevel gear according to the principle of mechanical design on the basis of CAD mapping software. With the central projection method, processing devices and cutters of involute straight bevel gear can also be designed which has no concern with modulus. The results show that the establishment of simulation database and processing cutters can greatly facilitate the design and processing of straight bevel gear, greatly reduce the design and finishing costs, and is also helpful to teaching training of gear.

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49

Liu, Xinrong, and Zhonghou Wang. "Research on High-Precision Form Grinding Technology of Gear Based on Ambient Temperature Adaptability." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 15, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4619624.

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Анотація:

The thermal error of high-precision computer numerical control (CNC) form grinding machine has become the critical factor affecting its locating precision. Because the thermal error is more complicated to be measured directly, most of the measurement tests are usually aimed at no-load conditions. In this article, a method to evaluate the machine tool thermal error based on the principle of tooth profile error through the gear grinding precision is presented. Based on high-precision CNC form grinding machine need to maintain isoperibol, this paper proposed the ambient temperature as a variable, for different ambient temperature to measure the thermal error of the machine tool. According to the measurement results of the thermal error, the method of partial least squares neural network is used to structure the thermal error prediction model of the machine tool. The experimental data show that the grade of the gear precision can reach four levels at different temperatures. This approach shows a promising prospect in the application of high-precision CNC gear form grinding machine in the future.

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50

Ophey, Matthias, Christoph Löpenhaus, and Fritz Klocke. "Influence of Tool Specification and Machining Parameters on the Wear Behaviour at Generating Gear Grinding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 794 (October 2015): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.794.231.

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Анотація:

One research objective for generating gear grinding is to increase economic efficiency and productivity of the process. At the same time gear quality must be equal or higher. In addition to machining parameters, tool specification has a significant influence on process productivity, workpiece quality and the wear of the tool itself. Due to the variety of tool specifications process users have the problem of selecting the best fitting tool for their demands. Therefore, it is necessary to know how interactions of tool specification and machining parameters influence tool wear and workpiece quality. But basic experimental studies, which take different tool specifications into account, are missing today.This paper focuses on the influence of different tool specifications and machining parameters on the tool wear for generating gear grinding. With analogy trials the influence of different specifications and machining parameters on tool wear and the process is mapped. The results are analyzed, discussed and summarized in a model. Furthermore, the applicability of the findings based on analogy trials to generating gear grinding is validated.

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