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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Gauge equivalence"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Gauge equivalence"

1

Wulzer, Andrea. "An Equivalent Gauge and the Equivalence Theorem." Nuclear Physics B 885 (August 2014): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2014.05.021.

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2

LYRE, HOLGER. "A GENERALIZED EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 09, no. 06 (December 2000): 633–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271800000694.

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Gauge field theories may quite generally be defined as describing the coupling of a matter-field to an interaction-field, and they are suitably represented in the mathematical framework of fiber bundles. Their underlying principle is the so-called gauge principle, which is based on the idea of deriving the coupling structure of the fields by satisfying a postulate of local gauge covariance. The gauge principle is generally considered to be sufficient to define the full structure of gauge-field theories. This paper contains a critique of this usual point of view: firstly, by emphazising an intrinsic gauge theoretic conventionalism which crucially restricts the conceptual role of the gauge principle and, secondly, by introducing a new generalized equivalence principle — the identity of inertial and field charge (as generalizations of inertial and gravitational mass) — in order to give a conceptual justification for combining the equations of motion of the matter-fields and the field equations of the interaction-fields.

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3

MACDOWELL, SAMUEL W., and OLA TÖRNKVIST. "ELECTROWEAK VORTICES AND GAUGE EQUIVALENCE." Modern Physics Letters A 10, no. 13n14 (May 10, 1995): 1065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395001186.

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Vortex configurations in the electroweak gauge theory are investigated. Two gauge-inequivalent solutions of the field equations, the Z and W vortices, have previously been found. They correspond to embeddings of the Abelian Nielsen-Olesen vortex solution into a U(1) subgroup of SU(2)×U(1). It is shown here that any electroweak vortex solution can be mapped into a solution of the same energy with a vanishing upper component of the Higgs field. The correspondence is a gauge equivalence for all vortex solutions except those for which the winding numbers of the upper and lower Higgs components add to zero. This class of solutions, which includes the W vortex, corresponds to a singular solution in the one-component gauge. The results, combined with numerical investigations, provide an argument against the existence of other vortex solutions in the gauge-Higgs sector of the Standard Model.

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4

Wei-Tou NI. "Equivalence principles and gauge fields." Physics Letters A 120, no. 4 (February 1987): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(87)90330-6.

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5

Gomes, M. A. M., and R. R. Landim. "Equivalence classes for gauge theories." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 70, no. 6 (June 2005): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2005-10044-0.

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6

Haller, K., and E. Lim-Lombridas. "Quantum gauge equivalence in QED." Foundations of Physics 24, no. 2 (February 1994): 217–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02313123.

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7

CLARK, T. E., C. H. LEE, and S. T. LOVE. "SUPERSYMMETRIC TENSOR GAUGE THEORIES." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 14 (July 20, 1989): 1343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389001532.

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The supersymmetric extensions of anti-symmetric tensor gauge theories and their associated tensor gauge symmetry transformations are constructed. The classical equivalence between such supersymmetric tensor gauge theories and supersymmetric non-linear sigma models is established. The global symmetry of the supersymmetric tensor gauge theory is gauged and the locally invariant action is obtained. The supercurrent on the Kähler manifold is found in terms of the supersymmetric tensor gauge field.

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8

Furuuchi, Kazuyuki. "Equivalence of Projections as Gauge Equivalence¶on Noncommutative Space." Communications in Mathematical Physics 217, no. 3 (March 2001): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00005554.

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9

FATIBENE, LORENZO, and MAURO FRANCAVIGLIA. "MATHEMATICAL EQUIVALENCE VERSUS PHYSICAL EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN EXTENDED THEORIES OF GRAVITATIONS." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 11, no. 01 (December 16, 2013): 1450008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021988781450008x.

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We shall show that although Palatini [Formula: see text]-theories are equivalent to Brans–Dicke theories, still the first pass the Mercury precession of perihelia test, while the second do not. We argue that the two models are not physically equivalent due to different assumptions about free fall. We shall also go through perihelia test without fixing a conformal gauge (clocks or rulers) in order to highlight what can be measured in a conformal invariant way and what cannot. We shall argue that the conformal gauge is broken by choosing a definition of clock, rulers or, equivalently, of masses.

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10

DEL DUCA, V., L. MAGNEA, and P. VAN NIEUWENHUIZEN. "EQUIVALENCE OF THE LAGRANGIAN AND HAMILTONIAN BRST CHARGES FOR THE BOSONIC STRING IN THE HARMONIC AND CONFORMAL GAUGES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 03, no. 05 (May 1988): 1081–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x88000461.

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We consider the BRST formalism for the bosonic string in arbitrary gauges, both from the Hamiltonian and from the Lagrangian point of view. In the Hamiltonian formulation we construct the BRST charge Q(H) following the Batalin-Fradkin-Fradkina-Vilkovisky (BFFV) formalism in phase space. In the Lagrangian formalism, we use the Noether procedure to construct the BRST charge Q(L) in configuration space. We then discuss how to go from configuration to phase space and demonstrate that the dependence of Q(L) on the gauge fixing disappears and that both charges become equal. We work through two gauges in detail: the conformal gauge and the de Donder (harmonic) gauge. In the conformal gauge one must use equations of motion, and a simple canonical transformation is found which exhibits the equivalence. In the de Donder gauge, nontrivial canonical transformations are needed. Our results overlap with work by Beaulieu, Siegel and Zwiebach on the de Donder gauge, but since we only require BRST invariance and not anti-BRST invariance, we need simpler field redefinitions; moreover, we stay off-shell.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Gauge equivalence"

1

Patella, Agostino. "Orientifold Planar Equivalence in Lattice Gauge Theories." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85864.

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2

Tsutaya, Mitsunobu. "FINITENESS OF An-EQUIVALENCE TYPES OF GAUGE GROUPS." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/152039.

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3

German, Brian Joseph. "A Riemannian Geometric Mapping Technique for Identifying Incompressible Equivalents to Subsonic Potential Flows." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14623.

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This dissertation presents a technique for the solution of incompressible equivalents to planar steady subsonic potential flows. Riemannian geometric formalism is used to develop a gauge transformation of the length measure followed by a curvilinear coordinate transformation to map a subsonic flow into a canonical Laplacian flow with the same boundary conditions. The method represents the generalization of the methods of Prandtl-Glauert and Karman-Tsien and gives exact results in the sense that the inverse mapping produces the subsonic full potential solution over the original airfoil, up to numerical accuracy. The motivation for this research was provided by the analogy between linear potential flow and the special theory of relativity that emerges from the invariance of the wave equation under Lorentz transformations. Whereas elements of the special theory can be invoked for linear and global compressibility effects, the question posed in this work is whether other techniques from relativity theory could be used for effects that are nonlinear and local. This line of thought leads to a transformation leveraging Riemannian geometric methods common to the general theory of relativity. The dissertation presents the theory and a numerical method for practical solutions of equivalent incompressible flows over arbitrary profiles. The numerical method employs an iterative approach involving the solution of the incompressible flow with a panel method and the solution of the coordinate mapping to the canonical flow with a finite difference approach. This method is demonstrated for flow over a circular cylinder and over a NACA 0012 profile. Results are validated with subcritical full potential test cases available in the literature. Two areas of applicability of the method have been identified. The first is airfoil inverse design leveraging incompressible flow knowledge and empirical data for the potential field effects on boundary layer transition and separation. The second is aerodynamic testing using distorted models.

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4

Calcinari, Andrea. "Effetti delle onde gravitazionali attraverso la deviazione geodetica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14076/.

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L'intento perseguito nel redigere questa tesi è quello di illustrare la teoria alla base delle onde gravitazionali per giungere ad intuire i metodi che ne consentono la rilevazione. Queste sono una conseguenza della Teoria della Relatività Generale di cui si riporta una semplice introduzione nel primo capitolo, sottolineando l'importanza del formalismo geometrico e tensoriale. Le equazioni di Einstein descrivono il campo gravitazionale come curvatura dello spaziotempo, questa è rappresentata dal tensore di Riemann che determina in particolare l'accelerazione relativa di due geodetiche. Si studia poi l'approssimazione di campo debole, necessaria per linearizzare le equazioni di Einstein e per mostrare che la perturbazione metrica soddisfa un'equazione d'onda. Il capitolo terzo si conclude quindi con un'analogia tra le onde gravitazionali e quelle elettromagnetiche. Nel quarto capitolo si analizzano le soluzioni sotto forma di onde piane: qui emergono caratteristiche peculiari riguardanti la perturbazione gravitazionale che, con il giusto gauge, permette di dedurre che solo due sono le polarizzazioni fisicamente rilevanti e che sono trasversali rispetto alla direzione dell'onda. Infine si evince che è necessario un sistema di particelle per la rilevazione di un'onda perchè la grandezza da osservare è la separazione tra due geodetiche e come questa varia al passaggio dell'onda. In questo modo viene mostrata la causa degli effetti mareali e si confermano le caratteristiche della radiazione gravitazionale anticipate in precedenza, come la polarizzazione e la natura quadripolare. Alcune considerazioni matematiche finali elucideranno come le proprietà delle onde suggeriscono con naturalezza l'esistenza di una radiazione di gravità. Infine si accennerà alle idee chiave che hanno suggerito la costruzione di rilevatori di onde e come questi debbano funzionare. La trattazione termina con uno sguardo alle recenti scoperte e alle aspettative future.

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5

Pitts, James Brian. "General covariance, artificial gauge freedom and empirical equivalence :." 2008. http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06252008-201657/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2008.
Thesis directed by Don Howard for the Department of History and Philosophy of Science. "July 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-233).

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6

TORTORELLA, ALFONSO GIUSEPPE. "Deformations of coisotropic submanifolds in Jacobi manifolds." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1077777.

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In this thesis, we investigate deformation theory and moduli theory of coisotropic submanifolds in Jacobi manifolds. Originally introduced by Kirillov as local Lie algebras with one dimensional fibers, Jacobi manifolds encompass, unifying and generalizing, locally conformal symplectic manifolds, locally conformal Poisson manifolds, and non-necessarily coorientable contact manifolds. We attach an L-infinity-algebra to any coisotropic submanifold in a Jacobi manifold. Our construction generalizes and unifies analogous constructions by Oh-Park (symplectic case), Cattaneo-Felder (Poisson case), and Le-Oh (locally conformal symplectic case). As a completely new case we also associate an L-infinity-algebra with any coisotropic submanifold in a contact manifold. The L-infinity-algebra of a coisotropic submanifold S controls the formal coisotropic deformation problem of S, even under Hamiltonian equivalence, and provides criteria both for the obstructedness and for the unobstructedness at the formal level. Additionally we prove that if a certain condition ("fiberwise entireness") is satisfied then the L-infinity-algebra controls the non-formal coisotropic deformation problem, even under Hamiltonian equivalence. We associate a BFV-complex with any coisotropic submanifold in a Jacobi manifold. Our construction extends an analogous construction by Schatz in the Poisson setting, and in particular it also applies in the locally conformal symplectic/Poisson setting and the contact setting. Unlike the L-infinity-algebra, we prove that, with no need of any restrictive hypothesis, the BFV-complex of a coisotropic submanifold S controls the non-formal coisotropic deformation problem of S, even under both Hamiltonian equivalence and Jacobi equivalence. Notwithstanding the differences there is a close relation between the approaches to the coisotropic deformation problem via L-infinity-algebra and via BFV-complex. Indeed both the L-infinity-algebra and the BFV-complex of a coisotropic submanifold S provide a cohomological reduction of S. Moreover they are L-infinity quasi-isomorphic and so they encode equally well the moduli space of formal coisotropic deformations of S under Hamiltonian equivalence. In addition we exhibit two examples of coisotropic submanifolds in the contact setting whose coisotropic deformation problem is obstructed at the formal level. Further we provide a conceptual explanation of this phenomenon both in terms of the L-infinity-algebra and in terms of the BFV-complex.

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Книги з теми "Gauge equivalence"

1

Ho, Nan-Kuo. The moduli space of gauge equivalence classes of flat connections over a compact nonorientable surface. 2003.

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2

Baulieu, Laurent, John Iliopoulos, and Roland Sénéor. General Relativity: A Field Theory of Gravitation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788393.003.0004.

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General relativity. The equivalence principle and the derivation of the Einstein–Hilbert equations. The geometrical notions of curvature and affine connection are introduced. Geodesics and the bending of light by a gravitational field. General relativity as a gauge invariant classical field theory.

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3

Mercati, Flavio. Hamiltonian Formulation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789475.003.0006.

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The Hamiltonian formulation of relational particle dynamics unveils its equivalence with modern gauge theory, which admits exactly the same canonical formulation. Both are constrained Hamiltonian systems with nonhonolomic constraints, for which Dirac’s analysis, made popular by his lectures, is necessary. Dirac’s analysis is briefly summarized in this chapter for readers unfamiliar with it. The Hamiltonian formulation of the kind of systems we’re interested in is nontrivial. In fact the standard formulation fails to be predictive, precisely because of the relational nature of our dynamics.

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4

Gage Canadian Ged Literature. Gage, 1997.

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5

Water equivalent vs rain gauge measurements from the March 1993 blizzard. [Asheville, N.C.]: National Climatic Data Center, Research Customer Service Group, 1993.

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6

Mercati, Flavio. Barbour–Bertotti Best Matching. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789475.003.0004.

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Barbour and Bertotti’s Mach–Poincaré Principle can be realized in classical mechanics with a mathematical procedure which was beyond the grasp of Leibniz or Newton, and turns out to be equivalent to modern gauge theory. This is the formulation of a variational principle based on ‘best matching’: one transforms subsequent configurations of the system with the Euclidean group, and by minimizing a certain functional a notion of ‘equilocality’ is established: now it makes sense to say that a particle comes back to the same point at different times.

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7

Mercati, Flavio. Best Matching: Technical Details. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789475.003.0005.

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The best matching procedure described in Chapter 4 is equivalent to the introduction of a principal fibre bundle in configuration space. Essentially one introduces a one-dimensional gauge connection on the time axis, which is a representation of the Euclidean group of rotations and translations (or, possibly, the similarity group which includes dilatations). To accommodate temporal relationalism, the variational principle needs to be invariant under reparametrizations. The simplest way to realize this in point–particle mechanics is to use Jacobi’s reformulation of Mapertuis’ principle. The chapter concludes with the relational reformulation of the Newtonian N-body problem (and its scale-invariant variant).

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8

Mashhoon, Bahram. Field Equation of Nonlocal Gravity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803805.003.0006.

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In extended general relativity (GR), Einstein’s field equation of GR can be expressed in terms of torsion and this leads to the teleparallel equivalent of GR, namely, GR||, which turns out to be the gauge theory of the Abelian group of spacetime translations. The structure of this theory resembles Maxwell’s electrodynamics. We use this analogy and the world function to develop a nonlocal GR|| via the introduction of a causal scalar constitutive kernel. It is possible to express the nonlocal gravitational field equation as modified Einstein’s equation. In this nonlocal gravity (NLG) theory, the gravitational field is local, but satisfies a partial integro-differential field equation. The field equation of NLG can be expressed as Einstein’s field equation with an extra source that has the interpretation of the effective dark matter. It is possible that the kernel of NLG, which is largely undetermined, could be derived from a more general future theory.

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Частини книг з теми "Gauge equivalence"

1

Ghaboussi, Farhad. "On the Equivalence between the Superposition Principle and a Global Gauge Invariance." In Microphysical Reality and Quantum Formalism, 207–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2925-8_15.

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2

Li, Yishen, Yi Cheng, and Yunbo Zeng. "A Lie Algebraic Structure of G.J. and Its Gauge Equivalent Yang Hierarchies." In Nonlinear Physics, 47–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84148-4_7.

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3

Zinn-Justin, Jean. "Non-Abelian gauge theories: Introduction." In Quantum Field Theory and Critical Phenomena, 548–66. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834625.003.0022.

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To be able to describe the other fundamental interactions, beyond quantum electrodynamics (QED), weak and strong interactions, it is necessary to generalize the concept of gauge symmetry to non-Abelian groups. Therefore, in this chapter, a quantum field theory (QFT)-invariant under local, that is, space-time-dependent, transformations of matrix representations of a general compact Lie groups are constructed. Inspired by the Abelian example, the geometric concept of parallel transport is introduced, a concept discussed more extensively later in the framework of Riemannian manifolds. All the required mathematical quantities for gauge theories then appear naturally. Gauge theories are quantized in the temporal gauge. The equivalence with covariant gauges is then established. Some formal properties of the quantized theory, like the Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin (BRST) symmetry, are derived. Feynman rules of perturbation theory are derived, the regularization of perturbation theory is discussed, a somewhat non-trivial problem. Some general properties of the non-Abelian Higgs mechanism are described.

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4

Zinn-Justin, Jean. "Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin (BRST) symmetry. Gauge theories: Zinn-Justin equation (ZJ) and renormalization." In Quantum Field Theory and Critical Phenomena, 623–55. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834625.003.0026.

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The first part of the chapter describes Faddeev–Popov's quantization method, nd the resulting Slavnov–Taylor (ST) identities, in a simple context. This construction automatically implies, after introduction of Faddeev–Popov ‘ghost’ fermions, a Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin (BRST) symmetry, whose properties are derived. The differential operator, of fermionic type, representing the BRST symmetry, with a proper choice of variables, has the form of a cohomology operator, and a simple form in terms of Grassmann coordinates. The second part of the chapter is devoted to the quantization and renormalization of non-Abelian gauge theories. Quantization of gauge theories require a gauge-fixing procedure. Starting from the non-covariant temporal gauge, and using a simple identity, one shows the equivalence with a quantization in a general class of gauges, including relativistic covariant gauges. Adapting the formalism developed in the first part, ST identities, and the corresponding BRST symmetry are derived. However, the explicit form of the BRST symmetry is not stable under renormalization. The BRST symmetry implies a more general, quadratic master equation, also called Zinn-Justin (ZJ) equation, satisfied by the quantized action, equation in which gauge and BRST symmetries are no longer explicit. By contrast, in the case of renormalizable gauges, the ZJ equation is stable under renormalization, and its solution yields the general form of the renormalized gauge action.

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5

Zinn-Justin, Jean. "Abelian gauge theories: The framework of quantum electrodynamics (QED)." In Quantum Field Theory and Critical Phenomena, 507–47. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834625.003.0021.

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This chapter is devoted Abelian gauge theory, whose physical realization is quantum electrodynamics (QED). Since many textbooks deal extensively with QED, the chapter focusses mainly on the more formal properties of Abelian gauge theories. First, the free massive vector field is considered, because its quantization does not immediately follow from the quantization of the scalar field, and thus requires a specific analysis. If the vector field is coupled to a conserved current, it is possible to construct a field theory with fermion matter renormalizable in four dimensions. In this case, a massless vector limit can be defined, and the corresponding field theory is gauge invariant. To directly quantize a gauge theory starting directly from first principles, it is necessary to introduce gauge fixing. The formal equivalence between different gauges is established. The Abelian gauge symmetry, broken by gauge-fixing terms, leads to a set of Ward–Takahashi (WT) identities which are used to prove the renormalizability of the quantum field theory (QFT). Renormalization group (RG) equations follow, and the RG β-function is calculated at leading order. As an introduction to the Standard Model of particle physics, the Abelian Landau–Ginzburg–Higgs model is described, where the gauge field is coupled to a complex scalar field with a non-zero expectation value, leading to a model that classically also describes a superconductor in a magnetic field.

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6

Beauregard, O. Costa de. "ELECTROMAGNETIC GAUGE AS INTEGRATION CONDITION: EINSTEIN'S MASS-ENERGY EQUIVALENCE LAW AND ACTION-REACTION OPPOSITION." In Advanced Electromagnetism: Foundations, Theory and Applications, 77–104. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812831323_0003.

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7

"McShane Integrability is Equivalent to Absolute Henstock-Kurzweil Integrability." In Introduction to Gauge Integrals, 121–25. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812810656_0010.

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8

Canarutto, Daniel. "Electroweak Geometry and Fields." In Gauge Field Theory in Natural Geometric Language, 123–34. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861492.003.0008.

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A formulation of electroweak field theory which is equivalent to the usual one, but completely dispenses with structure groups, is presented. The notions of Higgs field and symmetry breaking are treated within this approach, and the various terms of the electroweak Lagrangian are worked out.

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9

"The Landau-Lifshitz equation and its gauge equivalent structure." In Geometry and Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations, 27–30. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/amsip/029/04.

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10

Hill, Sarah. "Peripheral identities on Desert Island Discs and Beti a’i Phobol." In Defining the Discographic Self, edited by Julie Brown, Nicholas Cook, and Stephen Cottrell. British Academy, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266175.003.0015.

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Beti a’i Phobol has been a fixture on the Radio Cymru schedule since 1987. It is the closest equivalent to Desert Island Discs on the Celtic fringe, and indeed the only such programme in a minority language within Britain. Though not a direct copy of Desert Island Discs, Beti a’i Phobol nonetheless offers a useful comparator to the expressions of Welshness evident over the last 70-plus years of Desert Island Discs. This chapter explores expressions of cultural belonging by Welsh castaways and contextualises their appearances in the history of Welsh political and linguistic struggles, in order to gauge the changing sense of Welshness over the programme’s history and the concomitant sense of Wales within British culture.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Gauge equivalence"

1

Peláez Sagredo, José Ramón, Stefania De Curtis, and D. Dominici. "Strong unitary violations in the extra dimensional SM and the equivalence between Goldstone and longitudinal gauge bosons." In International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.021.0149.

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Chaurasia, Adarsh K., Gary D. Seidel, and Xiang Ren. "Computational Micromechanics Model to Study the Effective Macroscale Piezoresistivity of Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Nanocomposites for Strain and Damage Sensing." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3223.

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The formation/disruption of the electron hopping pathways is considered to be one of the dominant mechanisms affecting macroscale effective piezoresistive response of carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymer nanocomposites. In this study, a computational micromechanics model is developed using finite element techniques to capture the effect of electron hopping induced conductive pathways at the nanoscale which contribute to the macroscale piezoresistive response of the CNT-polymer nanocomposites. In addition, damage is allowed to evolve at the CNT-polymer interface through electromechanical cohesive zones resulting in disruption of electron hopping pathways in the direction of applied strain. The impact of the electron hopping mechanism and nanoscale interfacial damage evolution on the effective piezoresistive response is studied through the macroscale effective material properties and gauge factors evaluated using micromechanics techniques based on electrostatic energy equivalence. It is observed that the interfacial damage at the nanoscale results in lower gauge factors as compared to the perfectly bonded interface.

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3

Takahama, Tsunemichi, Kazuma Nishimura, Seiichiro Ninomiya, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, and Yutaka Harada. "Development of a Quick and Easy-to-Install Strain Measurement Tool for Both Bending and Torsional Piping Stress Assessment." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63144.

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To assess the stresses on small-bore piping, we have developed a new tool that can be easily installed on a piping surface without adhesive bonding and that measures strains on piping quickly and accurately. This tool, which we call a “strain gauge holder,” is patented in Japan. As the tool can contain four strain gauge rosettes, with each rosette comprising three elements, the longitudinal strains and sheer strains can be measured synchronously at any four points precisely 90 degrees apart, with one point in each quadrant. By mockup testing, we confirmed that the measured bending and torsional strains by the holder were almost equivalent to the measured strains by the bonded gauges with adhesive, and that the holder made it possible to synchronously measure all of the strains resulting from the moment of force acting in three axes on the piping by measuring the bending and torsional strains in each quadrant. The strain gauge holder is expected to significantly reduce the pre- and post-working time required for strain measurement and stress assessment of piping in real plants.

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4

Narayana, Peddi Sai Rama, Raghu V. Prakash, Srinivas Gunti, and Kanugula Raghu. "Equivalent Energy Absorption (EEA) - A Methodology for Improved Automotive Crash & Safety Design." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70137.

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Abstract Safety norms across the world are becoming more and more stringent posing new challenges to achieve lightweight vehicle structures. Structures made of Advanced/Ultra high strength steels (AHSS) play a vital role in meeting the vehicle safety targets, by absorbing large amounts of impact energy, as well as by withstanding higher impact loads that occur due to vehicle collisions. Safety simulations usually take longer solution times due to their complexity and nonlinear nature. Engineers often encounter with a problem of quick evaluation of safety performance by using different grades of materials to optimize the weight & cost. In this paper, a new methodology - Equivalent Energy Absorption (EEA) has been proposed to do a quick trade-off study on performance vs weight for various thickness and material combinations. A relationship is established between the gauge and grade of a component to derive an equivalent safety performance so that engineers can make quick decisions by conducting minimal number of simulations. a simple rectangular crush box was considered for study to assess the Energy Absorption (EA) with various material and thickness combinations. A Design of Experiments (DOE) study was done using simulations with many numbers of material grades and gauges to construct a 3D Response Surface between gauge, grade & EA parameters to understand the relationship between each of these parameters. A case study has been discussed in the paper about application of this methodology on a vehicle to evaluate its safety performance. It has been found that more than 80% evaluation time is reduced by using this methodology.

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5

Weeks, Timothy S., and Enrico Lucon. "Direct Comparison of Single-Specimen Clamped SE(T) Test Methods on X100 Line Pipe Steel." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33695.

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The clamped single edge-notched tension (SE(T)) specimen has been widely used in a single-specimen testing scheme to generate fracture resistance curves for high strength line-pipe steels. The SE(T) specimen with appropriate notch geometry is a low-constraint specimen designed to reduce conservatism in the measurement of fracture toughness. The crack driving force is taken as either the J-integral or crack tip opening displacement (CTOD); it is generally accepted that the two parameters are interchangeable and equivalent using a simple closed form solution. However, the assumption that they are interchangeable, and to what extent, hasn’t been previously investigated experimentally on the same SE(T) specimen. This paper presents multiple test methods that were simultaneously employed on the same SE(T) specimens. The instrumentation includes: clip-gauges to measure surface crack mouth opening displacements (CMOD) and CTOD by the double-clip-gauge method; strain-gage arrays for direct J-integral measurements; and direct-current potential-drop (DCPD) instrumentation for supplementary crack size measurement. A direct comparison of ductile crack-growth resistance curves generated using J-integral and CTOD is presented here where each represents a different experimental and analytical approach. The two methods are in reasonable agreement over a narrow range of crack growth, differing slightly at initiation and diverging with increasing crack growth. Analysis of the supplementary instrumentation (i.e., strain gages, extensometers and DCPD) will be provided in a future publication.

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6

Taguchi, Tetsuo, Masako Mori, Michiaki Kurosaki, and Mikio Takagi. "Methodology of Digital Image Acquisition and Digital Inspection for Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2840.

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Liquid Penetrant Test (PT) and Magnetic Particle Test (MT) are widely used in industry to detect surface defects. It is extremely important to maintain the repeatability and reproducibility of PT and MT so that they are able to detect any defect that might affect the quality of a product, especially the weld joints of welded structures. In the present paper, calibration methods for visual conditions for PT and MT are proposed with the use of a visual resolution gauge. In addition, a “PT/MT support System” applying digital image processing techniques, which enables us to perform “Remote Inspection” is proposed. A visual resolution gauge is a transparent plate on which line pairs are printed with equivalent hue to the indications of PT and MT, which ensures proper resolution for visual testing. In Japan, the standard for calibration methods for visual conditions using these resolution gauges for PT and MT were published in the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) Z 2340 in 2002. By applying these visual resolution gauges, we developed a “PT/MT support system.” In this system, the PT or MT digital images, which are captured by digital camera with resolution gauges, are converted into hue and saturation data by image processing. These images are then divided into two categories of defects and false indications. This is useful in detecting defects and establishing standard evaluation criteria. Furthermore, this will also enable “Remote Inspection,” which is a method in which PT and MT digital images are observed from remote place (as opposed to direct observations). This enables the possibility of inspections being performed from remote places and manufacturers, inspectors, customers, and government inspectors in remote areas can share the inspection results as electronic data.

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BANERJEE, R. "ASPECTS OF NONCOMMUTATIVE GAUGE THEORIES AND THEIR COMMUTATIVE EQUIVALENTS." In Proceedings of the XI Regional Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701862_0044.

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8

Lee, Guan-Liang, Jau-Horng Chen, and Kuan-Ming Li. "A Pulsed-Biasing Strain Gauge Measurement System for Wireless Sensing Applications." In ASME/ISCIE 2012 International Symposium on Flexible Automation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isfa2012-7272.

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This paper presents a pulsed-biasing strain gauge measurement system for wireless sensing applications. The use of pulsed-biasing on the strain gauge can reduce the power consumption of the sensor, which is crucial for low-power wireless sensors. Moreover, without using a constant bias current, power dissipated on the resistive bridge that includes the strain gauge can be reduced. Such reduction can also reduce measurement errors from an increased strain gauge temperature. A strain gauge wireless sensor was constructed using commercially available components. Measurement results show that the pulsed-biasing technique can be implemented with a duty cycle down to around 40% with negligible measurement error at a data rate of 32 Hz. The power saved is equivalent to an increased operation time of 50%.

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9

Mohon, Sara, Satadru Dey, Beshah Ayalew, and Pierluigi Pisu. "A Hardware-in-the-Loop Platform for a Series Hybrid Powertrain Featuring Two Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35310.

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Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platforms enable rapid evaluation of different system configurations and energy management strategies for electrified/hybrid powertrains without building full vehicle prototypes. This paper outlines a HIL platform for a series hybrid powertrain and discusses particular control strategies. The main hardware components of the platform are a gasoline generator, a lead acid battery pack, a bi-directional dc/dc converter, a programmable dc load, strain gauges, and a rotary encoder. Along with these hardware components, a real-time control prototyping system is used to implement energy management strategies and monitor several signals form the HIL platform. The effectiveness and performance of this platform is demonstrated by implementing two versions of the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS). The first version uses a constant equivalence factor for weighting the cost of electrical energy storage, while the second version uses an adaptive equivalence factor based on the deviation of battery state of charge (SOC) from a reference SOC.

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10

Gerdjikov, V. S., G. G. Grahovski, Michail D. Todorov, and Christo I. Christov. "Two Soliton Interactions of BD.I Multicomponent NLS Equations and Their Gauge Equivalent." In APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS IN TECHNICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3526658.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Gauge equivalence"

1

Gerdjikov, Vladimir, and Georgi Grahovski. N-Wave Type Systems and their Gauge Equivalent Related to the Orthogonal Algebras. GIQ, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/giq-3-2002-249-261.

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2

COLD FORMED STEEL SHEAR WALL RACKING ANALYSIS THROUGH A MECHANISTIC APPROACH: CFS-RAMA. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.3.2.

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Cold-formed steel shear wall panels are an effective lateral load resisting system in cold-formed steel or light gauge constructions. The behavior of these panels is governed by the interaction of the sheathing - frame fasteners and the sheathing itself. Therefore, analysis of these panels for an applied lateral load (monotonic/cyclic) is complex due to the inherent non-linearity that exists in the fastener-sheathing interaction. This paper presents a novel and efficient, fastener based mechanistic approach that can reliably predict the response of cold-formed steel wall panels for an applied monotonic lateral load. The approach is purely mechanistic, alleviating the modelling complexity, computational costs and convergence issues which is generally confronted in finite element models. The computational time savings are in the order of seven when compared to the finite element counterparts. Albeit its simplicity, it gives a good insight into the component level forces such as on studs, tracks and individual fasteners for post-processing and performance-based seismic design at large. The present approach is incorporated in a computational framework - CFS-RAMA. The approach is general and thereby making it easy to analyze a variety of configurations of wall panels with brittle sheathing materials and the results are validated using monotonic racking test data published from literature. The design parameters estimated using EEEP (Equivalent Energy Elastic Plastic) method are also compared against corresponding experimental values and found in good agreement. The method provides a good estimate of the wall panel behavior for a variety of configurations, dimensions and sheathing materials used, making it an effective design tool for practicing engineers.

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