Статті в журналах: "Gas sorption process"

1

Kustov, Maksym, Andriy Melnichenko, Oleksii Basmanov, and Olexandr Tarasenko. "Modeling of Gas Sorption Process by Dispersed Liquid Flow." Materials Science Forum 1068 (August 19, 2022): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-jdydlo.

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A mathematical model of the process of gas propagation in the atmosphere and its sorption by fine flow has been developed. The use of the finite difference method in modeling allows to obtain numerical solutions of the spatial distribution of gas concentration during its deposition by a jet of arbitrary intensity and shape. The proposed method of mathematical description of the process of sorption of hazardous gases allows you to choose an arbitrary number and spatial location of nodal points that satisfy the Courant-Friedrichs-Levy condition. The developed model allows to predict the intensity of gas sorption in technological processes and in the elimination of the consequences of emergencies. The use of the developed model will increase the efficiency of emergency management and choose effective methods of sorption of hazardous gases in the atmosphere. The results of numerical calculations confirmed the efficiency of the developed model and theoretically demonstrated the effectiveness of using water curtains for the sorption of ammonia from the atmosphere. According to the simulation results, it is established that the use of fine spray jets can significantly reduce the distance of distribution of hazardous gas.

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2

Chuntonov, Konstantin, and Man Kyu Lee. "Mechanochemical Sorption Apparatuses." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1106.

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A new method of sorbent activation by its mechanical grinding directly in the purified gas medium promises a technological breakthrough in the field of manufacturing and using of high purity gases. Simple design solutions and using reactive alloys as a sorbent allow making the gas purification process controllable and reducing the cost of this process by many times as well as reducing the concentration of the impurity in the end product.

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3

Fuchs, J., J. C. Schmid, S. Müller, A. M. Mauerhofer, F. Benedikt, and H. Hofbauer. "The impact of gasification temperature on the process characteristics of sorption enhanced reforming of biomass." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 10, no. 4 (May 31, 2019): 925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00439-9.

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AbstractEspecially carbon-intensive industries are interested in a decarbonization of their processes. A technology, which can contribute to a significant reduction of the carbon footprint, is the so-called sorption enhanced reforming process. The sorption enhanced reforming process uses a dual fluidized bed reactor system with limestone as a bed material for the thermochemical conversion of biomass into a valuable nitrogen-free product gas. This product gas can be used for further synthesis processes like methanation. The dependency of the product gas composition on the gasification temperature is already a well-known fact. Nevertheless, detailed investigations and models of the effect on elemental balances (especially carbon) of the process are missing in the literature and are presented in this work. Therefore, previously published data from different pilot plants is summarized and is discussed on a mass balance. Based on this information, investigations on the product gas equilibrium composition are presented and conclusions are drawn: it can be shown that the sorption enhanced reforming process can be divided into two sub-processes, namely “carbonation dominated sorption enhanced reforming” and “water-gas shift dominated sorption enhanced reforming.” The sub-process carbonation dominated SER is characterized by a high deviation from the water-gas shift equilibrium and a nearly constant CO content in the product gas over gasification temperature (< 700 °C). The sub-process water-gas shift dominated SER can be identified by a steep increase of the CO content in the product gas over temperature and nearly equilibrium state of the water-gas shift reaction (700–760 °C).

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4

Ceglarska-Stefańska, Grażyna, and Katarzyna Zarębska. "Expansion and Contraction of Variable Rank Coals during the Exchange Sorption of CO2 and CH4." Adsorption Science & Technology 20, no. 1 (February 2002): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361702760120926.

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The influence of the physical and chemical properties and the composition of the sorbed gas on the sorption capacity of hard coal must be taken into account in an analysis of such coals as specific collectors of mine gases. The analysis presented was based on a comparison of the results of sorption and expansion studies of single gases (CO2 and CH4) and their mixtures on two hard coals (Vdaf: 40.87% and 22.32%). The work presented was undertaken in an attempt to determine the influence of the sorptive deformation of the coals, caused by the pre-sorption of CO2, on the variation of their external dimensions during CH4 sorption and vice versa, and during sorption of a mixture of these gases. In addition, it was anticipated that the work could answer the question as to which of these gases would enrich the desorbed gas. Knowledge of these effects should facilitate further exploration of the relationship between the properties of a hard coal and methane evolution to establish those factors that enhance the rate and effectiveness of the process.

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5

He, Chuanteng, Doug J. Herman, Ron G. Minet, and Theodore T. Tsotsis. "A Catalytic/Sorption Hybrid Process for Landfill Gas Cleanup." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 36, no. 10 (October 1997): 4100–4107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie970252h.

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6

Sun, Yingfeng, Yixin Zhao, Hongwei Zhang, and Cun Zhang. "Visualization of Gas Diffusion-Sorption in Coal: A Study Based on Synchrotron Radiation Nano-CT." Geofluids 2020 (July 2, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8835848.

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Gas diffusion-sorption is a critical step in coalbed methane (CBM) exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration. Because of the particularity of gas physical properties, it is difficult to visualize the gas diffusion-sorption process in coal by experimental methods. Due to the limitation of experimental approaches to image the three-dimensional coal pore structure, it is impossible to obtain the three-dimensional pore structure images of coal. As a result, the visualization of gas diffusion-sorption in coal pore structure by numerical ways is impossible. In this study, gas diffusion coefficients were firstly estimated by experiments. Then, a gas diffusion-sorption coupled model was developed which can be applied to the nanoscale geometry imaged by synchrotron radiation nano-CT. The dynamic process of gas diffusion and ad-/desorption in the nanoscale microstructure of coal was visualized by the developed gas diffusion-adsorption coupled model and the numerical simulation based on MATLAB. The simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental results. The gas diffusion-sorption coupled model and numerical method can help to investigate the effect of microstructure on gas diffusion and ad-/desorption and provides a possibility to investigate the multiscale gas transportation and adsorption in coal pore-fracture system.

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7

Farahdila, K., P. S. Goh, A. F. Ismail, N. F. W. M. Wan, H. M. H. Mohd, W. K. Soh, and S. Y. Yeo. "Challenges in Membrane Process for Gas Separation from Natural Gas." Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology 25, no. 2 (July 7, 2021): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/amst.v25n2.222.

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Membrane technology is cost effective solution for CO2 removal from natural gas. However, there is challenges during its application depending on the polymer material characteristic. Understanding on the polymer fundamental and transport properties, will enable proper design of pre-treatment and operating conditions that suits its capability envelope. Diffusivity selective membrane favors high pressure and high temperature conditions and vice versa for solubility selective polymer. On top of that, the robustness and durability of the resultant membrane, need to be evaluated with multicomponent mixture to understand the effect of competitive sorption, plasticization and aging phenomena that will seriously impacting the membrane performance during its application.

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8

Bourim, El-Mostafa, Hee Kim, and Nak-Kwan Chung. "Development and Characterization of Non-Evaporable Getter Thin Films with Ru Seeding Layer for MEMS Applications." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100490.

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Mastering non-evaporable getter (NEG) thin films by elucidating their activation mechanisms and predicting their sorption performances will contribute to facilitating their integration into micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). For this aim, thin film based getters structured in single and multi-metallic layered configurations deposited on silicon substrates such as Ti/Si, Ti/Ru/Si, and Zr/Ti/Ru/Si were investigated. Multilayered NEGs with an inserted Ru seed sub-layer exhibited a lower temperature in priming the activation process and a higher sorption performance compared to the unseeded single Ti/Si NEG. To reveal the gettering processes and mechanisms in the investigated getter structures, thermal activation effect on the getter surface chemical state change was analyzed with in-situ temperature XPS measurements, getter sorption behavior was measured by static pressure method, and getter dynamic sorption performance characteristics was measured by standard conductance (ASTM F798–97) method. The correlation between these measurements allowed elucidating residual gas trapping mechanism and prediction of sorption efficiency based on the getter surface poisoning. The gettering properties were found to be directly dependent on the different changes of the getter surface chemical state generated by the activation process. Thus, it was demonstrated that the improved sorption properties, obtained with Ru sub-layer based multi-layered NEGs, were related to a gettering process mechanism controlled simultaneously by gas adsorption and diffusion effects, contrarily to the single layer Ti/Si NEG structure in which the gettering behavior was controlled sequentially by surface gas adsorption until reaching saturation followed then by bulk diffusion controlled gas sorption process.

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9

Paes, Juliana L., Lêda R. A. Faroni, Marcio A. Martins, Onkar D. Dhingra, and Tales A. Silva. "Diffusion and sorption of allyl isothiocyanate in the process of fumigation of maize." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 15, no. 3 (March 2011): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662011000300011.

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The purpose of this work was to evaluate the transport of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) by means of the sorption mechanism and the diffusion of AITC through maize grains. The experimental procedure to study the sorption mechanism was conducted by injection of AITC in glass flasks containing the grains. Kinetic models of zero, first and second order were fitted to AITC concentration data, with the purpose of determining the sorption rate (k). For the study of diffusion, a prototype was utilized in which the components are a gas chamber and a cylindrical column in which the grains were stored. At the interval of 110 min, samples in the chamber and in the column were collected, which were immediately injected into the gas chromatograph. In order to determine the effective diffusion coefficient (Def) of AITC through maize grains, the term referring to the sorption rate was added to the diffusion equation. The kinetic model of the first order was the one that best fitted the experimental data for the sorption mechanism, and k was 6.26 x 10-4 s-1. The Def of AITC through grains was 7.2 x 10-3 cm² s-1. It was concluded that the transport of AITC through maize grains is slow, due to the low value of Def and high sorption rate of this component by the grains.

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10

Züttel, Andreas, D. Chartouni, Ch Nützenadel, L. Schlapbach, Volker Güther, Andrea Otto, M. Bärtsch, and R. Kötz. "Comparison of the Electrochemical- and Gas Phase Hydrogen Sorption Process." Materials Science Forum 315-317 (July 1999): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.315-317.84.

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11

van Selow, E. R., P. D. Cobden, A. D. Wright, R. W. van den Brink, and D. Jansen. "Improved sorbent for the sorption-enhanced water-gas shift process." Energy Procedia 4 (2011): 1090–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.159.

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12

Xiong, Ying, Yan-Zhong Fan, Zhang-Wen Wei, Cheng-Xia Chen, Sha Chen, Dawei Wang, Mihail Barboiu, Ji-Jun Jiang, and Cheng-Yong Su. "Unusual adsorption behaviours and responsive structural dynamics via selective gate effects of an hourglass porous metal–organic framework." RSC Advances 9, no. 64 (2019): 37222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07301a.

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A Cu²⁺ based metal–organic framework exhibits dynamic behaviour upon guest inclusion/release process, and performing stepwise sorption isotherms for various gas. We elucidate detailed mechanisms under its exceptional sorption behavior.

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13

Ma, Yankun, Enyuan Wang, Dong Xiao, Zhonghui Li, Jie Liu, and Lijia Gan. "Acoustic emission generated during the gas sorption–desorption process in coal." International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 22, no. 3 (May 2012): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2011.11.001.

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14

KIPLAGAT, J. K., R. Z. WANG, T. X. LI, and R. G. OLIVEIRA. "ENHANCEMENT OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN SOLID GAS SORPTION SYSTEMS." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 20, no. 01 (March 2012): 1130001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132511300011.

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Solid gas sorption systems driven by heat have gained much attention due to their energy conservation and environmental benefits. These sorption machines can be driven by waste heat or renewable energy source such as solar energy, and can utilize natural working fluids with no GWP and ODP, such as water, methanol, and ammonia. However, poor heat transfer process and slow diffusion rate of the refrigeration gas in the adsorber have been identified as the main drawbacks limiting the cooling density performance, and consequently, commercialization of sorption machines. This paper provides a review of techniques that have been applied to enhance heat and mass transfer in solid gas sorption systems. These techniques mainly include the use of materials with high thermal conductivity, consolidation of adsorbents, and the use of specially designed heat exchangers in the adsorbers. The effect of these methods on the coefficient of performance and the specific cooling power is also discussed.

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15

Wojtacha-Rychter, Karolina, and Adam Smoliński. "Research on a Gas Index Reflecting the Sorption Process on Carbon Materials in Coal Mines." Sustainability 10, no. 7 (July 14, 2018): 2468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072468.

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Based on the concentration of gases such as propylene and ethylene in the atmosphere of a mine, it is possible to assess the development of a mine fire. With the increase of coal temperature, an increased emission of these gases has been observed. However, the experiment results presented in this paper prove that the use of propylene and ethylene for the prediction of the spontaneous combustion of coal have some limitations. It was found that during a flow of gas mixture through the sorption column, propylene and ethylene were sorbed on coal. This phenomenon manifests in smaller amounts of gases at the outlet of the sorption column. By comparing the concentration of ethylene to propylene at the inlet of the column, it was concluded that the ratio was usually below 3, whereas the range of the ratio at the end of the column was between 0.6–353. The value of gases ratio changed depending on the type of coal material in the column. The results of this experiment provide useful information that the quantitative relation between ethylene and propylene concentrations may indicate the occurrence of the sorption process on carbon materials in coal seams.

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16

Micheli, Francesca, Enrica Mattucci, Claire Courson, and Katia Gallucci. "Bi-Functional Catalyst/Sorbent for a H2-Rich Gas from Biomass Gasification." Processes 9, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071249.

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The aim of this work is to identify the effect of the CaO phase as a CO2 sorbent and mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) as a stabilizing phase in a bi-functional material for CO2 capture in biomass syngas conditioning and cleaning at high temperature. The effect of different CaO weight contents is studied (0, 56, 85, 100 wt%) in sorbents synthesized by the wet mixing method. These high temperature solid sorbents are upgraded to bi-functional compounds by the addition of 3 or 6 wt% of nickel chosen as the metal active phase. N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, temperature-programmed reduction analyses and CO2 sorption study were performed to characterize structural, textural, reducibility and sorption properties of bi-functional materials. Finally, sorption-enhanced reforming of toluene (chosen as tar model), of methane then of methane and toluene with bi-functional compounds were performed to study the best material to improve H2 content in a syngas, provided by steam biomass gasification. If the catalytic activity on the sorption enhanced reforming of methane exhibits a fast fall-down after 10–15 min of experimental test, the reforming of toluene reaches a constant conversion of 99.9% by using bi-functional materials.

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17

Gawor, Marek. "Experimental determination of the kinetics of sorption and gas filtration in coal." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 40, no. 4 (September 26, 2018): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2018-0027.

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AbstractThe paper presents tests set-ups for experiments on sorption kinetics and gas filtration kinetics in a porous medium. It was observed that two phenomena occur in these processes: transportation of gas into the porous solid and settling of gas molecules on the walls of the solid or within its volume. An experiment was carried out in which a thin resistance thermometer was quickly taken out of an argon stream and placed in carbon dioxide or the other way round. The measurement made it possible to determine the sorption time constant. It was demonstrated that the sorption rate is much higher than the filtration rate. Thus, filtration is the process describing the rate at which gas molecules penetrating the porous substance are adsorbed or desorbed. The sorption time constant is not >50 m.In the second experiment, the author determined the rate at which gas is liberated from coal grains. The measurement method was based on measurement of the pressure of desorbing gas in constant volume. The experiment involved measurement of the pressure of the gas liberated from the coal grains in a closed chamber. The kinetic curves obtained in this way were used to determine the carbon dioxide coefficient in coal grains. During the experiment, particular focus was put on the initial stage of gas liberation (up to 0.4 s).The slower process of gas transporting in the porous structure of coal is the transporting of gas through a coal briquette. Experimentally implemented variety of boundary conditions allowed for a more complete verification of the assumed theoretical model and possibly for the exact determination of filtration parameters. The experimental set-up built for this purpose, allows for pressure and temperature measurement on the briquette side surface.

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18

Kustov, Maksym, Andriy Melnychenko, Dmytro Taraduda, and Alla Korogodska. "Research of the Chlorine Sorption Processes when its Deposition by Water Aerosol." Materials Science Forum 1038 (July 13, 2021): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1038.361.

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Modified stepwise model of gas sorption process with finely dispersed water flow. The sorption model allows forecasting the intensity of hazardous gases deposition with adequate for the emergency recovery conditions accuracy using minimum input parameters. This allows using the sorption model under the conditions of emergency and increasing the forecasting promptness. Use of chemical neutralizer is proposed to increase the effectiveness of chlorine hazardous gas deposition. Use of sodium hydroxide is proposed as the chlorine chemical neutralizer, which is easily dissolved in water, non-toxic and easy to store. An experimental laboratory facility was developed and created with the purpose of experimental verification of the sorption processes, which allows researching the sorption processes by liquid aerosols within a wide range of dispersity. Adequacy of the existing models as well as the modified one was verified experimentally. The verification results showed a 5% indicator of the theoretical and experimental results compliance.

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19

Yu, Panpan, Qipeng Li, Yue Hu, Nannan Liu, Lijie Zhang, Kongzhao Su, Jinjie Qian, Shaoming Huang, and Maochun Hong. "Cuboctahedron-based indium–organic frameworks for gas sorption and selective cation exchange." Chemical Communications 52, no. 51 (2016): 7978–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc03497g.

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InOF-9is an anionic indium–organic framework, which exhibits excellent gas sorption capacity through supercritical carbon dioxide activation process and selectively encapsulates guest methylene blue cations.

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20

Zhang, Lei, Zhiwei Ye, Mingxue Li, Cun Zhang, Qingsheng Bai, and Chen Wang. "The binary gas sorption in the bituminous coal of the Huaibei Coalfield in China." Adsorption Science & Technology 36, no. 9-10 (September 7, 2018): 1612–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617418798125.

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Knowledge of the gas sorption characteristics of a coal not only helps to explain the mechanism of enhanced coalbed methane recovery but also provides an important basis for simultaneous coal and gas extraction. In consequence, the pure and binary gas excess sorption capacity of methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen of bituminous coal samples derived from the Xutuan Coal Mine in Huaibei coalfield, in Anhui Province in China, was measured using the volumetric method. The fitting analysis of the pure gas Langmuir adsorption model was carried out. The binary gas excess sorption measurement showed that the final sorption capacity of bituminous samples was the same no matter what the gas adsorption order of competitive adsorption and displacement adsorption. Hence, coal gas adsorption is physical adsorption, i.e. the different adsorption and desorption process of gas molecules does not affect the final adsorption amount of coal to each component of gas. Using the fitting parameters obtained by the Langmuir equation, the extended Langmuir equation was used to predict the adsorption capacity for each component of the binary gas. The comparison between predicted adsorption capacity and measured adsorption capacity showed that the extended Langmuir equation can better describe the trend of the adsorption isotherm curves of a binary gas under different pressures. The separation coefficient and displacement coefficient were defined from Langmuir adsorption theory. The separation coefficient involves the proportion of each component in the free phase and the proportion of each component in the adsorption phase. The displacement coefficient involves the displacement ability of gas molecules at adsorption sites by free gas molecules.

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21

Chuntonov, Konstantin, Alexey O. Ivanov, and Viktor L. Kozhevnikov. "Reactive Alloys of IIA Metals: Gas Sorption and Corrosion as One Process." Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 09, no. 11 (2021): 39–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msce.2021.911004.

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22

Nikolaeva, L. A., and E. M. Khusnutdinova. "Investigation of the Mechanism of Sulfur Dioxide Adsorption from Gas Emissions of Sodium Bisulfite Production." Voprosy sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet imeni V.I. Vernadskogo, no. 3(77) (2020): 019–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/voprosy.2020.03.pp.019-031.

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It is proposed to purify industrial gas emissions from sulfur dioxide by the adsorption method. Waste from the power industry - sludge from the chemical water treatment of Kazan CHPP-1 - was used as an adsorption material. Its chemical composition is presented. Experimental studies of a new sorption material based on energy waste for gas purification from sulfur dioxide have been carried out. The kinetic dependence and isotherm of the adsorption process are obtained. The mechanism of the process of adsorption of sulfur dioxide by sorption material at different temperatures has been studied. The Gibbs free energy, differential heat, and activation energy of adsorption are determined. The economic and environmental impact of modernization of procedure for cleaning gas emissions from sulfur dioxide in sodium bisulfite production at JSC “Chemical factory named after L.Ya. Karpov” was measured.

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23

Martinec, Marek, and Pavel Machač. "Testing of Sorbents for Removal of Acid Gases from Biomass Gasification." Chemické listy 116, no. 5 (May 15, 2022): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20220324.

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A number of various commercial technologies are available to remove contaminants from gasification gases, particularly those from biomass. However, new cheaper technologies are needed to meet the stringent requirements in gas cleaning, especially for biomass gas production. In this paper, we discuss the suitability of various sorbents prepared by us based on oxides or carbonates of various metals (Al2O3, CaO, CuO, Fe2O3, MgO, MnO, Na2O and ZnO) for the removal of acid gases from flue gas during biomass gasification process at elevated temperatures. The acid gas removal efficiencies were experimentally verified for all prepared sorbents under specific conditions such as raw gas composition and temperature. The experimental results showed that the sorbents based on aluminum, copper and zinc oxides have high sorption capacity for selective sorption of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride. In the case of sulfane, sorbents based on copper and zinc oxides have a high sorption capacity. All these sorbents can then be used to remove acid gases from biogas produced by biomass combustion at elevated temperatures.

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24

Nemtsev, Aleksander, Sergey Kalashnikov, and Xudong Luo. "Cellular-automaton modeling of gas sorption kinetics in the finite volume of coal." E3S Web of Conferences 330 (2021): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133004004.

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The work is devoted to cellular-automaton modeling based on a class of cellular automata with Margolus neighborhood. Modeling of the gas sorption process by coal particle was carried out. To organize this kind of evolutionary process, the method of cellular automata modeling was supplemented by the Monte Carlo method to implement the boundary conditions at the solid – gas interface.

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25

Wang, Weikai, Minghan Li, and Jiabin Cai. "Effects of extraction process on the dried cell wall pore structure of messmate heartwood." BioResources 16, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 6074–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.6074-6082.

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In order to study the effects of a messmate heartwood extraction process on its cell wall pore structure and its drying ability, its nanopore structure was explored after via gas adsorption technology. Specifically, the messmate heartwood particles were extracted with methanol, and then the cell wall pore structure of the original and extracted samples were evaluated by N2 and CO2 sorption and pycnometer methods, respectively. Overall, compared with the original samples, the cell wall porosity, micropore volume, mesopore volume, BET specific surface area, and specific surface area of the micropores of the extracted messmate heartwoods increased by 2.55%, 0.007 cm3/g, 0.0014 cm3/g, 0.24 m2·g-1, and 21.9 m2·g-1, respectively. The cell wall pore volume measured via the gas adsorption method was smaller than the measurement from the pycnometer method. The results indicated that the presence of extractives made the messmate cell wall have a decreased pore volume and porosity, which may be one of the reasons messmate wood is difficult to dry. Messmate extractives primarily were present in the micropores of the cell wall in the range of 0.4 nm to 0.7 nm. However, gas sorption technology could not detect all the pores in the cell wall of the messmate heartwood sample.

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26

Lider, Andrey M., Olga V. Husaeva, Yuriy S. Bordulev, Roman S. Laptev, and Viktor N. Kudiiarov. "Investigation of Defects Accumulation in the Process of Hydrogen Sorption and Desorption." Advanced Materials Research 1085 (February 2015): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1085.328.

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This paper is devoted to the defect structure study of commercially pure titanium after hydrogen sorption-desorption cycles by means of positron lifetime (PL) and Doppler broadening spectrometry. Material was loaded with hydrogen from the gas phase till the concentration of hydrogen reached the value of 0.05 wt.% for each cycle. The essential changes in the positron annihilation characteristics of the sample are occurred after the each stage of treatment.

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27

Rajagopalan, Ashwin Kumar, and Camille Petit. "Material Screening for Gas Sensing Using an Electronic Nose: Gas Sorption Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations." ACS Sensors 6, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): 3808–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.1c01807.

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28

Majchrzak-Kucęba, Izabela, and Marcelina Sołtysik. "The potential of biocarbon as CO2 adsorbent in VPSA unit." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 142, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09858-7.

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Abstract The best solution to the main environmental problem seems to be CO2 capture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The activated carbons derived from biomass have attracted extensive attention as solid adsorbent for carbon dioxide capture process. In this work, we focus on examining the properties of biochar (non-activated porous carbon) produced from biomass. Physicochemical properties of the biochar were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K. In order to evaluate the possibility of using biocarbons for CO2 adsorption in large-scale VPSA units, investigations of these adsorbents in laboratory are necessary. The paper present the potential of biochar for CO2 capture in VPSA unit. The examination of the CO2 sorptive capability, stability and regeneration performance of biochar was carried out using a Mettler-Toledo TGA/SDTA 851e thermobalance and TG-Vacuum system. The sorption of CO2 was carried out isothermally in a flow of a mixture of gasses: CO2 (100 vol.%) and CO2 (16 vol.%)/N2 (84 vol.%). The commercial biochar showed a sorption performance for CO2 up to 26.4 mg CO2 g−1 adsorbent at 30 °C and 30 bar. Repeated use of the adsorbent in the sorption/desorption cycle did not affect its performance, which indicates high sorption stability.

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Bazan-Wozniak, Aleksandra, Piotr Nowicki, Robert Wolski, and Robert Pietrzak. "Activated Bio-Carbons Prepared from the Residue of Supercritical Extraction of Raw Plants and Their Application for Removal of Nitrogen Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide from the Gas Phase." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 3192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123192.

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The waste materials left after supercritical extraction of hop cones and marigold flowers were tested as precursors of activated bio-carbons. Adsorbents were produced by means of the physical (also called thermal) activation method using CO2 as the gasifying agent. All the activated bio-carbons were tested for the removal of NO2 and H2S from the gas phase under dry and wet conditions. The effects of the type of precursor and the activation procedure on the porous structure development, the acid-base properties of the surface, as well as the sorption capacities of the materials produced were also checked. The final products were bio-carbons of medium developed surface area with a basic surface nature, characterized by their high effectiveness in removal of gas pollutants of acidic character, especially nitrogen dioxide (sorption capacities in the range from 12.5 to 102.6 mg/g). It was proved that the toxic gas removal efficiency depends considerably on the sorption conditions and the activation procedure. All materials showed greater effectiveness in gas removal when the process of adsorption was carried out in the presence of steam.

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30

Stadler, Tabea J., Philipp Barbig, Julian Kiehl, Rafael Schulz, Thomas Klövekorn, and Peter Pfeifer. "Sorption-Enhanced Water-Gas Shift Reaction for Synthesis Gas Production from Pure CO: Investigation of Sorption Parameters and Reactor Configurations." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020355.

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A sorption-enhanced water-gas shift (SEWGS) system providing CO2-free synthesis gas (CO + H2) for jet fuel production from pure CO was studied. The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction was catalyzed by a commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst and carried out with in-situ CO2 removal on a 20 wt% potassium-promoted hydrotalcite-derived sorbent. Catalyst activity was investigated in a fixed bed tubular reactor. Different sorbent materials and treatments were characterized by CO2 chemisorption among other analysis methods to choose a suitable sorbent. Cyclic breakthrough tests in an isothermal packed bed microchannel reactor (PBMR) were performed at significantly lower modified residence times than those reported in literature. A parameter study gave an insight into the effect of pressure, adsorption feed composition, desorption conditions, as well as reactor configuration on breakthrough delay and adsorbed amount of CO2. Special attention was paid to the steam content. The significance of water during adsorption as well as desorption confirmed the existence of different adsorption sites. Various reactor packing concepts showed that the interaction of relatively fast reaction and relatively slow adsorption kinetics plays a key role in the SEWGS process design at low residence time conditions.

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31

Stadler, Tabea J., Philipp Barbig, Julian Kiehl, Rafael Schulz, Thomas Klövekorn, and Peter Pfeifer. "Sorption-Enhanced Water-Gas Shift Reaction for Synthesis Gas Production from Pure CO: Investigation of Sorption Parameters and Reactor Configurations." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020355.

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A sorption-enhanced water-gas shift (SEWGS) system providing CO2-free synthesis gas (CO + H2) for jet fuel production from pure CO was studied. The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction was catalyzed by a commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst and carried out with in-situ CO2 removal on a 20 wt% potassium-promoted hydrotalcite-derived sorbent. Catalyst activity was investigated in a fixed bed tubular reactor. Different sorbent materials and treatments were characterized by CO2 chemisorption among other analysis methods to choose a suitable sorbent. Cyclic breakthrough tests in an isothermal packed bed microchannel reactor (PBMR) were performed at significantly lower modified residence times than those reported in literature. A parameter study gave an insight into the effect of pressure, adsorption feed composition, desorption conditions, as well as reactor configuration on breakthrough delay and adsorbed amount of CO2. Special attention was paid to the steam content. The significance of water during adsorption as well as desorption confirmed the existence of different adsorption sites. Various reactor packing concepts showed that the interaction of relatively fast reaction and relatively slow adsorption kinetics plays a key role in the SEWGS process design at low residence time conditions.

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32

Nguyen, Tung, Mona Bavarian, and Siamak Nejati. "Correlating the Macrostructural Variations of an Ion Gel with Its Carbon Dioxide Sorption Capacity." Membranes 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111087.

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We report on a direct correlation between the macroscale structural variations and the gas sorption capacities of an ion gel. Here, we chose 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ([Emim][TF2N]) and poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) as the ionic liquid and host polymer, respectively. The CO2 sorption in the thin films of the IL-polymer was measured using the gravimetric method. The results of our experiment showed that the trend in CO2 uptake of these mixtures was nonlinearly correlated with the content of IL. Here, we highlight that the variations in the molecular structure of the polymers were the main reason behind the observed trend. The presented data suggested the possibility of using the composition of mixtures containing IL and polymers to realize a synergistic gain for gas sorption in these mixtures.

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33

Xi, Xiaotong, Biao Yang, Zhaozhao Gao, Liubiao Chen, Yuan Zhou, and Junjie Wang. "Experimental study on a helium-4 sorption cryocooler." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1240, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1240/1/012022.

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Abstract The sorption cooler is one of the commonly used Sub-Kelvin temperature refrigeration technologies, used in space exploration and ground experiments to provide a low temperature below 1 K. In this paper, a sorption cooler using helium-4 as the working gas has been developed. At a heat sink temperature of 3 K, the lowest no-load temperature of the developed sorption cooler is 843 mK and the hold time below 1 K is 4 hours. The effects of different sorption pump temperatures and sorption pump cooling rates on the refrigeration performance were studied through experiments. The test results show that during the condensation process, when the temperature of the sorption pump is higher than 45 K, the pump temperature has little effect on the liquefaction efficiency, and speeding up the cooling rate of the sorption pump is conducive to obtaining a lower refrigeration temperature.

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34

Gulidova, Lyudmila V., Natalya A. Dubrova, and Andrey M. Lider. "Pressure and Temperature Effect on Hydrogen Sorption of Carbon Material." Advanced Materials Research 1085 (February 2015): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1085.280.

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The paper presents the experimental results of saturation of the carbon material containing nanotubes with hydrogen from the gas. The dependences of hydrogen concentration from pressure (from 0 to 8 atmospheres), at the same temperature for adsorption (-30 degrees Celsius) and different temperatures for desorption were obtained. The temperature has an influence on sorption-desorption process and sorption properties of carbon material. The amount of residual hydrogen depends on saturation parameters.

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35

van Selow, E. R., P. D. Cobden, H. A. J. van Dijk, S. Walspurger, P. A. Verbraeken, and D. Jansen. "Qualification of the ALKASORB sorbent for the sorption-enhanced water-gas shift process." Energy Procedia 37 (2013): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.100.

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36

Pajdak, Anna, Anna Kulakowska, Jinfeng Liu, Katarzyna Berent, Mateusz Kudasik, Jaroslaw Krzywanski, Wojciech Kalawa, Karol Sztekler, and Norbert Skoczylas. "Accumulation and Emission of Water Vapor by Silica Gel Enriched with Carbon Nanotubes CNT-Potential Applications in Adsorption Cooling and Desalination Technology." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 5644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115644.

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This paper presents a study of the application of the properties of water vapor as a gas with high potential energy, strongly dependent on temperature and pressure. Analyses of water vapor sorption on two types of silica gels (SG) (90 wt.%) enriched with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (10 wt.%), in the context of their application in the design of adsorption beds in adsorption cooling and desalination systems were conducted. The sorption experiments were performed by gravimetric method at a relative humidity of 0% < RH < 100% and temperatures of 298 K, 313 K, and 333 K. The addition of CNTs to SG caused a decrease in the sorption capacity and depended on the temperature. As the process temperature increased, a lower SG/CNT mixtures sorption capacity to vapor was obtained. The highest influence of CNTs was observed at the highest temperature, and the average decrease of sorption capacity was several percent. The ratio of SG/CNT sorption capacity to pure SG values was below 1 in most measurements.

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37

Chen, Yulong, Xuelong Li, and Bo Li. "Coal Anisotropic Sorption and Permeability: An Experimental Study." Processes 6, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6080104.

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Knowledge of the bedding plane properties of coal seams is essential for the coalbed gas production because of their great influence on the inner flow characteristics and sorption features of gas and water. In this study, an experimental study on the anisotropic gas adsorption–desorption and permeability of coal is presented. The results show that during the adsorption–desorption process, an increase in the bedding plane angle of the specimen expands the length and area of the contact surface, thereby increasing the speed and quantity of adsorption and desorption. With an increase in the bedding angle, the number of pores and cracks was found to increase together with the volumetric strain. The evolution of permeability of coal heavily depended on stress–strain stages. The permeability decreased with the increase of stress at the initial compaction and elastic deformation stages, while it increased with the increase of stress at the stages of strain-hardening, softening and residual strength. Initial permeability increased with increasing bedding angle.

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38

Kloos, Joey, Menno Houben, Johan Lub, Kitty Nijmeijer, Albert P. H. J. Schenning, and Zandrie Borneman. "Tuning the Gas Separation Performances of Smectic Liquid Crystalline Polymer Membranes by Molecular Engineering." Membranes 12, no. 8 (August 20, 2022): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080805.

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The effect of layer spacing and halogenation on the gas separation performances of free-standing smectic LC polymer membranes is being investigated by molecular engineering. LC membranes with various layer spacings and halogenated LCs were fabricated while having a planar aligned smectic morphology. Single permeation and sorption data show a correlation between gas diffusion and layer spacing, which results in increasing gas permeabilities with increasing layer spacing while the ideal gas selectivity of He over CO2 or He over N2 decreases. The calculated diffusion coefficients show a 6-fold increase when going from membranes with a layer spacing of 31.9 Å to membranes with a layer spacing of 45.2 Å, demonstrating that the layer spacing in smectic LC membranes mainly affects the diffusion of gasses rather than their solubility. A comparison of gas sorption and permeation performances of smectic LC membranes with and without halogenated LCs shows only a limited effect of LC halogenation by a slight increase in both solubility and diffusion coefficients for the membranes with halogenated LCs, resulting in a slightly higher gas permeation and increased ideal gas selectivities towards CO2. These results show that layer spacing plays an important role in the gas separation performances of smectic LC polymer membranes.

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39

Avallone, Pietro Renato, Paolo Iaccarino, Nino Grizzuti, Rossana Pasquino, and Ernesto Di Maio. "Rheology-driven design of pizza gas foaming." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 3 (March 2022): 033109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0081038.

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This paper investigates the production of a yeast-free pizza by gas foaming and the use of rheology to guide the process design. The novel process relies on the use of a gaseous blowing agent and a pressure program to form and stabilize bubbles during baking, avoiding the use of yeast and the associated lengthy leavening stage. The evolution of the dough structure during baking has been studied by a rheological characterization at leavening and baking conditions. These experimental pieces of information have been used to evaluate the time available for blowing agent sorption under pressure during early baking stage, and to guide the pressure release during the final baking, to achieve an optimally foamed pizza.

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40

Atlaskina, Maria E., Artem A. Atlaskin, Olga V. Kazarina, Anton N. Petukhov, Dmitriy M. Zarubin, Alexander V. Nyuchev, Andrey V. Vorotyntsev, and Ilya V. Vorotyntsev. "Synthesis and Comprehensive Study of Quaternary-Ammonium-Based Sorbents for Natural Gas Sweetening." Environments 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8120134.

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The present study provides a solvent-free organic synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts: bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium taurate ([BHEDMA][Tau]) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium acetate ([BHEDMA][OAc]). These ionic compounds are promising materials for carbon dioxide capture processes, as mono sorbents, supplemental components in the conventional process of chemical absorption, and in the combined membrane approach for improving sorption efficiency. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. Afterward, the sorption properties of the compounds were evaluated using the inverse gas chromatography (IGC) method, and their thermodynamic parameters were calculated in the temperature range of 303.15–333.15 K. The enthalpy change (∆sH) was less than 80 kJ·mol−1, indicated by the physical nature of sorption and also proved by FT-IR. Henry’s law constant in regard to carbon dioxide at 303.15 K was equal to 4.76 MPa for [BHEDMA][Tau], being almost 2.5 lower than for [BHEDMA][OAc] (11.55 MPa). The calculated carbon dioxide sorption capacity for [BHEDMA][Tau] and [BHEDMA][OAc] amounted to 0.58 and 0.30 mmol·g−1, respectively. The obtained parameters are comparable with the known solid sorbents and ionic liquids used for CO2 capture. However, the synthesized compounds, combining the advantages of both alkanolamines and ionic liquids, contain no fluorine in their structure and thus match the principles of environmental care.

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41

Liu, Guannan, Jishan Liu, and Feng Gao. "Constraints of Pore-Bulk Strain Ratio and Interference Time on the Evolution of Coal Permeability during CO2 Injection." Geofluids 2021 (March 16, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6616315.

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CO2 injection into coal seam triggers a series of processes that are coupled all together through a permeability model. Previous studies have shown that current permeability models cannot explain experimental data as reported in the literature. This knowledge gap defines the goal of this study. We hypothesize that this failure originates from the assumption that the pore strain is the same as the bulk strain in order to satisfy the Betti-Maxwell reciprocal theorem. This assumption is valid only for the initial state without gas sorption and deformation and for the ultimate state with uniform gas sorption and uniform deformation within the REV (representative elementary volume). In this study, we introduce the pore-bulk strain ratio and interference time to characterize the process of gas sorption and its associated nonuniform deformation from the initial state to the ultimate state. This leads to a new nonequilibrium permeability model. We use the model to fully couple the coal deformation and gas flow. This new coupled model captures the impact of coal local transient behaviors on gas flow. Results of this study clearly show that coal permeability is constrained by the magnitudes of initial and ultimate pore-bulk strain ratios and interference time, that current permeability data in the literature are within these bounds, and that the evolutions of coal permeability all experience similar stages from the initial value to the ultimate one.

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42

van Selow, E. R., P. D. Cobden, P. A. Verbraeken, J. R. Hufton, and R. W. van den Brink. "Carbon Capture by Sorption-Enhanced Water−Gas Shift Reaction Process using Hydrotalcite-Based Material." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 48, no. 9 (May 6, 2009): 4184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie801713a.

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43

Liu, Shuang, Bing Liu, Shuo Yao, and Yunling Liu. "Post-synthetic metal-ion metathesis in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal process: improving the gas adsorption and separation capacity of an indium-based metal–organic framework." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 7 (2020): 1591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qi00078g.

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By means of post-synthetic metal-ion metathesis, Cu ions selectively substitute In ions in the paddlewheel of JLU-Liu40-In to construct JLU-Liu40-In/Cu, which has significant improved the ability of thermal stability and gas sorption and separation.

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44

Yerman, A. Zh, A. A. Atchabarovа, and K. K. Kishibaev. "STUDY OF SORPTION OF Ni AND Cd IONS ON NEW CARBON SORBENTS FROM KAZAKHSTAN RAW MATERIALS." Bulletin of Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University 57, no. 2 (2021): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52081/bkaku.2021.v57.i2.043.

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This article presents the optimal results of new sorbents for the sorption separation of nickel and cadmium ions based on waste of plant raw materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan - pine sawdust. To obtain activated carbon, pine sawdust based on plant waste was subjected to thermal treatment by carbonization methods at a temperature of 600-800 ° C and hydrothermal 220-260 ° C. Further, to increase the specific surface area, the samples after heat treatment were activated with hot water vapor at a temperature of 800-850 ° C for 1 hour. As a result of steam-gas activation, combustion of unstructured carbon and an increase in pores on the surface of activated carbon occur. In addition, the main physicochemical characteristics, sorption properties of the obtained activated carbon (specific surface area, m2 /g, fraction of pore volume, cm3 /g, average pore size, nm, sorption capacity by the amount of iodine,%) are considered. Also, the obtained sorption materials were studied in the process of sorption of nickel and cadmium ions from model solutions in a static mode. The optimal parameters of the sorption process were determined, at which the highest degree of extraction of nickel and cadmium ions is achieved: pH, phase contact time, ratio of solid and liquid phases. The recovery rate of cadmium and nickel ions in the static regime was more than 95% for cadmium and nickel. Keywords: activated carbon, sorbent, sorption, plant waste, nickel ion, cadmium ion

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45

Regmi, Chhabilal, Saeed Ashtiani, Zdeněk Sofer, Zdeněk Hrdlička, Filip Průša, Ondřej Vopička, and Karel Friess. "CeO2-Blended Cellulose Triacetate Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Selective CO2 Separation." Membranes 11, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080632.

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Due to the high affinity of ceria (CeO2) towards carbon dioxide (CO2) and the high thermal and mechanical properties of cellulose triacetate (CTA) polymer, mixed-matrix CTA-CeO2 membranes were fabricated. A facile solution-casting method was used for the fabrication process. CeO2 nanoparticles at concentrations of 0.32, 0.64 and 0.9 wt.% were incorporated into the CTA matrix. The physico-chemical properties of the membranes were evaluated by SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, TGA, DSC and strain-stress analysis. Gas sorption and permeation affinity were evaluated using different single gases. The CTA-CeO2 (0.64) membrane matrix showed a high affinity towards CO2 sorption. Almost complete saturation of CeO2 nanoparticles with CO2 was observed, even at low pressure. Embedding CeO2 nanoparticles led to increased gas permeability compared to pristine CTA. The highest gas permeabilities were achieved with 0.64 wt.%, with a threefold increase in CO2 permeability as compared to pristine CTA membranes. Unwanted aggregation of the filler nanoparticles was observed at a 0.9 wt.% concentration of CeO2 and was reflected in decreased gas permeability compared to lower filler loadings with homogenous filler distributions. The determined gas selectivity was in the order CO2/CH4 > CO2/N2 > O2/N2 > H2/CO2 and suggests the potential of CTA-CeO2 membranes for CO2 separation in flue/biogas applications.

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46

Borisov, Ilya L., N. V. Ushakov, E. A. Grushevenko, E. S. Finkel’stein, and V. V. Volkov. "Synthesis and Formation of Gas Separation Membranes Based on Polyalkylenesiloxanes." Key Engineering Materials 816 (August 2019): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.816.233.

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The membrane gas separation is currently a competitive separation process. The heart of the membrane gas separation process is the membrane, more precisely the material from which it is made. The search for a selective material to develop a gas separation membrane is an important task presently. Membrane materials with advantageous impact of sorption transport component is a good material for the selective fractionating С1-С4 hydrocarbons with obtaining methane fraction and C3+ fraction. Such materials are polyalkylenesiloxanes. In this work, the optimal concentration of a curing agent (tetraethoxysilane) was defined (5%). Such concentration is necessary for obtaining constant membrane film with high gas transport properties: the permeability coefficient for n-butane is 7400; the ideal selectivity of n-butane/methane is 25.5.

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47

Chou, Cheng Tung, Yu Jie Huang, and Hong Sung Yang. "Production of High-Purity Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide Capture by Sorption Enhanced WGS Reaction Process." Advanced Materials Research 906 (April 2014): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.906.118.

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Global warming has become more and more serious, which is caused by greenhouse gases. Cutting down the emission of CO2 has already become one of the major research target in the world. This study is numerically investigating Thermal Swing Sorption Enhanced Reaction Process on water gas shift (WGS) reaction by Na2O-promoted alumina. According to Le Chateliers law, the forward reaction rates and conversion can be increased by removing some products selected. Therefore, this concept can be used to generate product of high-purity hydrogen. The purified H2 can be sent to gas turbine for generating electrical power or can be used for other energy source. Carbon dioxide can also be recovered and sequestrated to reduce greenhouse gas effects. The method of lines is utilized in simulation, combined with upwind differences, cubic spline approximation and LSODE of ODEPACK software to solve the problem. The concentration, temperature, and adsorption quantity in the bed are integrated with respect to time by LSODE of ODEPACK software. The simulation is stopped when the system reaches a cyclic steady state. In this study, we first simulate breakthrough curve of Na2O-promoted alumina cited from literatures to prove the accuracy of simulation program. The optimal operating conditions of the WGS TSA (temperature swing adsorption) single-bed six-process is obtained by varying operating variables, such as feed time and rinse time. Furthermore, WGS TSA single-bed six-process could achieve 99.89% purity of H2 (dry-basis) as the top product and 90.95% purity and 98.22% recovery of CO2 (dry-basis) as the bottom product.

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48

Korpiun, P., W. Herrmann, A. Kindermann, M. Rothmeyer, and B. Büchner. "Sorption of water investigated with the photoacoustic effect." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 1042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-177.

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Water adsorbed in the bulk of a sample essentially modifies the heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and, therefore, the transport of heat. At small concentrations of adsorbed water, this effect governs the photoacoustic (PA) signal measured in a gas–microphone cell. At higher concentrations, temperature-induced periodical adsorption and desorption mainly determine the PA signal. This effect is described formally by extending a model of oscillating mass diffusion, developed earlier to explain the photoacoustic effect on liquids, to the process of sorption. Its contribution to the PA amplitude is proportional to the sorption isotherm multiplied by the heat of sorption. Measurements with zeolite as an adsorbent in equilibrium with water vapour confirm the model. In addition, qualitative measurements on a sheet of brass, on filter paper, and on pine wood are included.

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49

Dodevski, Vladimir, Bojan Janković, Ivana Radović, Marija Stojmenović, Maria Čebela, Željka Nikolić, Maja C. Pagnacco, Ivan Panić, and Miroslav Stanković. "Characterization analysis of activated carbon derived from the carbonization process of plane tree (Platanus orientalis) seeds." Energy & Environment 31, no. 4 (October 21, 2019): 583–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x19880878.

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In this work, plane tree seed-based activated carbons were characterized in detail for a variety of applications. The particularly important area of application would be in the artificial photosynthesis. After carbonization process of biomass precursor at 650°C, the resulting preliminary activated carbons were activated at various temperatures. The activated carbons were characterized by oxygen functionalities (a particularly important role has ester oxygen groups) which provide a unique microstructure. The chemical compositions of as-prepared activated carbons were analyzed through Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra as well as gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis, while morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Applied analysis showed that detected graphite mainly becomes uniformly nanocrystalline system. The current study also explored the applicability of carbon material obtained from plane tree seed as a potential gaseous adsorbent. The characterization showed that the tested material contains both mesopores and micropores, and this should be advantageous for the gas sorption process, since mesopores may provide low-resistant pathways for the diffusion of CO2 molecules, while the micropores are the most suitable for trapping of CO2. The sorption process analysis (including adsorption/desorption isotherms behavior) shows indication that the rate-limiting step of CO2 adsorption onto activated carbon is probably governed by diffusion-controlled process, especially at temperatures below 850°C.

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50

Jeong, Kwangkook, Shivaji Sircar, and Hugo S. Caram. "Modeling of heat recovery from a steam-gas mixture in a high-temperature sorption process." AIChE Journal 58, no. 1 (March 22, 2011): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.12564.

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