Статті в журналах: "Gas-liquid apparatuses"

1

Leont'ev, B. K., O. N. Korableva, and E. A. Girba. "THE USE OF GAS-LIQUID APPARATUSES IN INDUSTRY." From Chemistry Towards Technology Step-By-Step 2, no. 2 (2021): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52957/27821900_2021_02_166.

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2

Girba, E. A., and O. N. Korableva. "Determination of Injection Ratio of Liquid-Gas Injection Apparatuses." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 57, no. 7-8 (November 2021): 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-021-00972-3.

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3

Sokolov, V. N., and M. A. Yablokova. "Apparatuses with gas injection and dispersion by turbulent liquid jets." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 32, no. 3 (May 1996): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02411593.

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4

Fereferov, Mihail, Boris Ul'yanov, Oleg Mussakaev, and Aleksandr Lymar'. "HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMBINED PLATES DISC-MASS TRANSFER APPARATUSES." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2018, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-2018-1-52-53.

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5

Laptev, A. G., T. M. Farakhov, and M. M. Basharov. "Determining efficiency of removal of dispersed phase from gases and modernization of scrubbers using high-performance packings." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 12, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2019-12-1-50-55.

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A solution to the problem of modeling the removal of a finely dispersed phase from stack gases and process gases at power engineering and petrochemical enterprises using a column apparatus filled with new highly efficient random and structured packings is considered.The use of diffusion and cell models of the flow structure for calculating a concentration profile of particles settling on a liquid fi lm in apparatuses filled with various packings is shown. Accounting for the deposition of finely dispersed particles from gases on the interfacial surface of the liquid fi lm flowing down along the packing is carried out using a bulk source of mass. The model of turbulent-inertial sedimentation of particles is adopted. The main parameters of the model are the coefficient of turbulent migration of particles to the fi lm surface on contact devices, a modified Peclet number with a backmixing coefficient, and the number of complete mixing cells. This approach can be generalized to a wide class of fi lm-type apparatuses for wet gas cleaning with the aim of designing them or choosing modernization options. Expressions are obtained for calculating the efficiency of aerosol separation on packings as well as the required depth of the packed bed for a given efficiency.Results of calculating the efficiency of gas purification from aerosols with the use of various types of packings in scrubbers as well as the required depth of the packed bed for a given efficiency are presented. A graphical dependence of the power spent on gas cleaning in apparatuses with different packings is given. Results of solving the production problem of cleaning pyrogas from coke and tar by circulating water in a modernized scrubber with new highperformance packings are shown.Expressions for calculating the rate of turbulent particle migration for random and structured packings as well as modified Peclet numbers are presented. A distinctive feature of these expressions is the calculation based on the known hydraulic resistance of contact devices.

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6

Leontiev, V. K., and O. N. Korableva. "Calculation of Energy of Aeration of Working Volume in Gas-Liquid Ejection Apparatuses." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 57, no. 3-4 (July 2021): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-021-00942-9.

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7

Luty, Przemysław, and Mateusz Prończuk. "Determination of a Bubble Drag Coefficient during the Formation of Single Gas Bubble in Upward Coflowing Liquid." Processes 8, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080999.

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Bubble flow is present in many processes that are the subject of chemical engineering research. Many correlations for determination of the equivalent bubble diameter can be found in the scientific literature. However, there are only few describing the formation of gas bubbles in flowing liquid. Such a phenomenon occurs for instance in airlift apparatuses. Liquid flowing around the gas bubble creates a hydraulic drag force that leads to reduction of the formed bubble diameter. Usually the value of the hydraulic drag coefficient, cD, for bubble formation in the flowing liquid is assumed to be equal to the drag coefficient for bubbles rising in the stagnant liquid, which is far from the reality. Therefore, in this study, to determine the value of the drag coefficient of bubbles forming in flowing liquid, the diameter of the bubbles formed at different liquid velocity was measured using the shadowgraphy method. Using the balance of forces affecting the bubble formed in the coflowing liquid, the hydraulic drag coefficient was determined. The obtained values of the drag coefficient differed significantly from those calculated using the correlation for gas bubble rising in stagnant liquid. The proposed correlation allowed the determination of the diameter of the gas bubble with satisfactory accuracy.

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8

Issayeva, Aikerim Nurlankyzy. "Calculation of Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Apparatus with Regular Tubular Packing." Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 23 (2021): 868–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54740/ros.2021.059.

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Among the apparatuses with a regular arrangement of packing elements creating an in-phase mode of vortex interaction, which ensures high efficiency of the processes, it is interesting to use a standard tubular packing. Such packing allows additional advantages associated with heat supply or extraction directly in the contact zone of the interacting phases, which is very important for conducting some chemisorption processes. The research covers such hydrodynamic regularities as hydraulic resistance during a heat carrier movement in pipes and during external flow around a tubular beam, retained liquid amount and gas content of layer in the external flow around the tubular beam with liquid and gas flows. The research was carried out using an experimental setup with a heat and mass transfer apparatus with regular tubular packing. The medium used during experiments is water-air. The research methodology included standard methods for determining hydraulic resistance and retained liquid amount and visual observation and photographing of gas-liquid flows. The novelty of the research was equations – one for calculating the hydraulic resistance in pipes, taking into account local resistances and pipe roughness. The other ones for determining the pressure losses during the external flow around the tubular beam, the retained liquid amount, and the gas content of the layer, taking into account the vortex interaction of gas and liquid flows. Graphical and calculated dependences of the investigated hydrodynamic characteristics were obtained as a result of the conducted research of the hydraulic resistance during the heat carrier movement in the pipes, as well as the hydraulic resistance and the retained liquid amount during the external flow around the tubular beam with a change in the gas velocity and irrigation density. When the heat carrier flows in the pipes, the numerical values of the hydraulic resistance in the transient mode do not exceed 1.5 kPa, in the developed turbulence mode in the range of the Reynolds number from 1·104 to 6·104 DР varies from 1.5 to 53 kPa. With the external flow around the tubular beam, in the developed turbulence mode wg = 4 m/s and L = 25 m3/m2h, the hydraulic resistance is 85 Pa, the retained liquid amount is 4.5·10-3 m. The change in the irrigation density in this mode (developed turbulence) in the L range from 10 to 100 m3/m2h leads to an increase in the hydraulic resistance from 65 to 160 Pa, the retained liquid amount from 2.16·10-3 to 13.6·10-3 m. The calculated dependencies are the basis of the method for calculating the hydrodynamic characteristics of the apparatus with the regular tubular packing, which can be used to calculate industrial devices.

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9

Scargiali, Francesca, Antonio Busciglio, Andrea Cipollina, Franco Grisafi, Giorgio Micale, Alessandro Tamburini, Giuseppa Vella, and Alberto Brucato. "Modelling and Simulation of Gas–liquid Hydrodynamics in a Rectangular Air-lift Reactor." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 11, no. 2 (July 3, 2013): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2012-0040.

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Abstract Computational Fluid Dynamics is a quite well established tool for carrying out realistic simulations of process apparatuses. However, as a difference from single phase systems, for multiphase systems the development of CFD models is still in progress. Among the two-phase systems, gas–liquid systems are characterised by an additional complexity level, related to the fact that bubble sizes are not known in advance, being rather the result of formation and breakage-coalescence dynamics and therefore of complex phenomena related to flow dynamics and interfacial effects. In the present work, Euler–Euler Reynolds-averaged flow simulations of an air-lift reactor are reported. All bubbles are assumed to share the same size, and a simplified approach is adopted for modelling inter-phase momentum exchange, that involves bubble terminal velocity as the sole parameter needed. Good agreement between simulation results and literature experimental data is found for all the gas flow rates simulated. This result implies that, despite the many simplifications that have to be adopted in order to make them viable, fully predictive CFD simulations of gas–liquid systems can give rise to reasonably accurate predictions of reactor fluid dynamics.

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10

Lapteva, E. A., and A. G. Laptev. "Models and calculations of the effectiveness of gas and liquid cooling in foam and film apparatuses." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 50, no. 4 (July 2016): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579516040394.

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11

Farakhov, T. M., and A. G. Laptev. "Modeling of Processes of Gas Cooling by Contact with a Liquid and Updating of Column Apparatuses." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 55, no. 3-4 (July 2019): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-019-00616-7.

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12

Skorik, Tatiana, Natalia Galkina, and Elena Glazunovà. "Resource-saving technologies for cleaning gas emissions in the production of building materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 04070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604070.

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High requirements to ensure sanitary and hygienic working conditions and reduce harmful emissions into the environment are provided through ventilation systems equipped with efficient and economical equipment. The task of improving the air basin is to reduce the amount of harmful substances in the ambient air to the level of MPC and lower, which, with increasing volumes of ventilation and process emissions, determines the increased requirements for industrial filters. The most effective are wet devices, in which the process of gas cleaning is carried out through interaction with the liquid, most often with water. The authors developed a number of high-efficiency dust-collecting apparatuses, in which the majority of methods for contacting elements with a liquid are realized simultaneously, which determines the maximum completeness of gas purification from dusts with different physico-chemical properties. One of them is an aerohydrocyclone intended for combined simultaneous cleaning of a technological product in the form of a suspension and dusty air removed from the shelters of technological equipment. This apparatus with internal circulation of liquid, where the concentration of trapped dust in the irrigating liquid affects the efficiency of dust collection, the frequency of water replacement, the operating mode and the load of the water-slurry farm. The particulate materials of the slurry intensifies the process of dispersion, irrigating liquid and its structural viscosity, as well as the stability of the formed foam, which contributes to a more effective manifestation of various wet dust collection mechanisms.The implementation of the installation of a wet dust collector for complex cleaning in the technological line for the preparation of lime milk from the construction materials factory made it possible to reduce the concentration of dust in emissions at the maximum level of ensuring the economy of aspiration systems. The obtained results testify to the positive experience of the operation of wet dust collectors for complex cleaning in the building materials industry, and the regularities connecting the operation modes of the apparatus with the properties of trapped dusts and the features of technological processes make it possible to recommend them for use in various enterprises.

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13

Madyshev, Ilnur N., Oksana S. Dmitrieva, and Andrey V. Dmitriev. "Determination of heat-mass transfer coefficients within the apparatuses with jet-film contact devices." MATEC Web of Conferences 194 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819401013.

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One of the ways of intensifying the heat and mass transfer processes in gas-fluid systems is designing jet-film contact devices with a developed surface of phase contact at high flow velocities. A contact jet-film device has been developed. The results of numerical investigation of the operation of this device are presented. There were determined the coefficients of heat transfer to the air from the surface of liquid inside of the drain cup of contact device. The criterion equations of convective heat transfer for engineering calculations of jet-film contact devices is corrected.

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14

Spille, Claas, Vaishakh Prasannan Tholan, Benjamin Straiton, Monika Johannsen, Marko Hoffmann, Qussai Marashdeh, and Michael Schlüter. "Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) for Characterization of Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures (AMLS) in Gas-Liquid Systems." Fluids 6, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6090321.

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Against the background of current and future global challenges, such as climate change, process engineering requires increasingly specific solutions adapted to the respective problem or application, especially in gas–liquid contact apparatuses. One possibility to adjust the conditions in this kind of apparatuses is an intelligent and customized structuring, which leads to consistent fluid properties and flow characteristics within the reactor. In the course of this, the interfacial area for mass transfer, as well as residence times, have to be adjusted and optimized specifically for the respective application. In order to better understand and advance the research on intelligent customized additively manufactured lattice structures (AMLS), the phase distributions and local gas holdups that are essential for mass transfer are investigated for different structures and flow conditions. For the first time a tomographic measurement technique is used, the Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT), and validated with the volume expansion method and a fiber optical needle probe (A2PS-B-POP) for an air-water system for different modes of operation (with or without co-current liquid flow in empty or packed state). The ECVT proved to be particularly useful for both in the empty tube and the packed state and provided new insights into the phase distributions occurring within structured packings, which would have led to significantly underestimated results based on the visual reference measurements, especially for a densely packed additively manufactured lattice structure (5 mm cubic on the tip). Particularly for the modified structures, which were supposed to show local targeted differences, the ECVT was able to resolve the changes locally. The additional use of a pump for co-current flow operation resulted in slightly higher fluctuations within the ECVT data, although local events could still be resolved sufficiently. The final comparison of the empty tube at rest data with a fiber optical needle probe showed that the results were in good agreement and that the local deviations were due to general differences in the respective measurement techniques.

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15

Voinov, Nikolaj Aleksandrovich, Anastasiya Viktorovna Bogatkova, Nina Vladimirovna Deryagina, Denis Andreevich Zemtsov, and Nataliya Yul`evna Kozhukhova. "RESISTANCE OF TANGENTIAL SWIRLERS WITH ANNULAR CHANNELS." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2022019670.

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A review of vortex apparatuses and processes in which a rotating gas-liquid flow is used as an intensification of heat and mass transfer is presented. It is shown that tangential swirlers, which are easy to manufacture and compact, have found the greatest application in industrial practice for creating gas (steam) rotation. It is experimentally established that tangential swirlers with annular walls of channels intended for gas passage have the lowest hydraulic resistance. The data on the hydraulic resistance of tangential swirlers with annular channels, velocity and pressure obtained experimentally and by calculation in a wide range of variation of the design parameters of the device are presented. The dependences between the hydraulic resistance of the swirler and its design parameters are revealed. Numerical simulation of the parameters of the gas flow in the channels is carried out. Diagrams of the pressure and velocity distribution are presented and analyzed, and experimental data on the influence of the design parameters of the swirler channel, such as width and length, on its hydraulic resistance are confirmed. An empirical dependence for determining the hydraulic resistance coefficient of a tangential swirler with annular channels is presented for engineering calculations.

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16

Voinov, Nikolaj Aleksandrovich, Anastasiya Viktorovna Bogatkova, Nina Vladimirovna Deryagina, Denis Andreevich Zemtsov, and Nataliya Yul`evna Kozhukhova. "RESISTANCE OF TANGENTIAL SWIRLERS WITH ANNULAR CHANNELS." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2022019670.

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Анотація:

A review of vortex apparatuses and processes in which a rotating gas-liquid flow is used as an intensification of heat and mass transfer is presented. It is shown that tangential swirlers, which are easy to manufacture and compact, have found the greatest application in industrial practice for creating gas (steam) rotation. It is experimentally established that tangential swirlers with annular walls of channels intended for gas passage have the lowest hydraulic resistance. The data on the hydraulic resistance of tangential swirlers with annular channels, velocity and pressure obtained experimentally and by calculation in a wide range of variation of the design parameters of the device are presented. The dependences between the hydraulic resistance of the swirler and its design parameters are revealed. Numerical simulation of the parameters of the gas flow in the channels is carried out. Diagrams of the pressure and velocity distribution are presented and analyzed, and experimental data on the influence of the design parameters of the swirler channel, such as width and length, on its hydraulic resistance are confirmed. An empirical dependence for determining the hydraulic resistance coefficient of a tangential swirler with annular channels is presented for engineering calculations.

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17

Sergeev, S. M., E. N. Provotorova, Y. O. Lebedeva, L. N. Borisoglebskaya, and Ja Kravets. "Optimal control of fluctuations of the “liquid substance - pipeline” system in terms of speed during transportation of a liquid substance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 052020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/5/052020.

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Abstract The process of transporting a liquid substance (oil, petroleum products, gas mixtures) the pipeline network and related engineering facilities, being a dynamically non-equilibrium physical system, are often carried out in extreme modes, which can form dangerous wave phenomena accompanied by various instabilities, generating undesirable consequences and even catastrophes. Similar phenomena can occur in technical devices and apparatuses containing in their design hydraulic networks for the transfer of continuous media (aircraft, energy objects). Eliminate (extinguish or reduce the intensity) such phenomena are possible in the shortest possible time by making additional structural changes to the pipeline network, which make it possible to use external devices for dynamic influence on the “liquid substance – pipeline” system and eliminate (or minimize) the possibility of negative wave effects. The paper is devoted to the problem of eliminating dangerous vibrations initiated by a liquid substance transported through a pipeline network, provided that time resources are spent minimally. A mathematical model of the wave process and the problem of optimal control over the speed of such a model are considered. The control effect on the “liquid substance-pipeline” system is carried out at the initial and final points of the pipeline network, while the necessary information about the state of the system is used in a finite number of points distributed along the entire length of the pipeline, which makes it possible to calculate external influences on the system. In order to simplify the presentation of the results, a linear carrier of a liquid substance is used (in applications, a pipeline without branches) and a one-dimensional wave equation – the length of the pipeline is much larger than its diameter.

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18

Gradov, Dmitry Vladimirovich, Andrey Saren, Janne Kauppi, Kari Ullakko, and Tuomas Koiranen. "Auto-Aspirated DAF Sparger Study on Flow Hydrodynamics, Bubble Generation and Aeration Efficiency." Processes 8, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111498.

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A novel auto-aspirated sparger is examined experimentally in a closed-loop reactor (CLR) at lab scale using particle image velocimetry, high-speed camera and oxygen mass transfer rate measurements. State-of-the-art 3D printing technology was utilized to develop the sparger design in stainless steel. An insignificant change in the bubble size distribution was observed along the aerated flow, proving the existence of a low coalescence rate in the constraint domain of the CLR pipeline. The studied sparger created macrobubbles evenly dispersed in space. In pure water, the produced bubble size distribution from 190 to 2500 μm is controlled by liquid flow rate. The bubble size dynamics exhibited a power-law function of water flow rate approaching a stable minimum bubble size, which was attributed to the ratio of the fast-growing energy of the bubble surface tension over the kinetic energy of the stream. Potentially, the stream energy can efficiently disperse higher gas flow rates. The oxygen transfer rate was rapid and depended on the water flow rate. The aeration efficiency below 0.4 kW/m3 was superior to the commonly used aerating apparatuses tested at lab scale. The efficient gas dissolution technology has potential in water treatment and carbon capture processes applications.

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19

Lashkov, V. A., S. G. Kondrasheva, D. A. Khamidullina, and E. S. Karataeva. "Development of apparatuses based on kinetic calculation data of the process of removing liquid from solid materials by reducing pressure of vapor-gas medium." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 915 (September 16, 2020): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/915/1/012038.

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20

Arnoldov, M., Yu Orlov, A. Sorokin, and V. Rachkov. "V.I. SUBBOTIN - FOUNDER OF SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL ″HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF COOLANS IN ENERY SYSTEMS″ (ON THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF BIRTH)." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2020, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2020-1-163-176.

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Biographical data on the life and activities of the academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences V.I. Subbotin, presented and analyzed are the key areas of activity of the scientific school ″Heat and Mass Transfer, Physical Chemistry and Technology of Heat Transfer Fluids in Energy Systems″, which he created, which he was the head of. During the years 1953-1975 V.I. Subbotin led the research in the field of thermal physics at the Physics and Energy Institute (Obninsk). During this period, as a result of a large complex of experimental and computational studies of heat and mass transfer, physical chemistry and technology of water and liquid metals (sodium, eutectic alloys of sodiumpotassium and lead-bismuth, lithium, lead), the scientific foundations were created in the nuclear power plant under his leadership the use of liquid metal coolants in nuclear energy. The fundamental physicochemical and thermohydraulic laws of the coolant - impurities - structural materials - protective gas system were studied. The results of these studies made it possible, together with the institutes and the OKBM of the country performing the development of nuclear power and power plants cooled by water and liquid metals, to scientifically substantiate the thermohydraulic parameters and highly efficient technological processes, to develop and practically implement apparatuses and systems, ensured the successful operation of fundamentally new nuclear power plants with original scientific and technical solutions that had no analogue in world practice. In 1975, V.I. Subbotin was transferred to work in Moscow as director of the newly created wide-profile organization NPO ″Energia″ of the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification. While in this position, he put a lot of effort into creating a fundamentally new institute in the nuclear energy industry - VNIIAES, and also was the initiator and achieved the creation of a new institute for the nuclear industry - VNIIAM. In 1977-1988, V.I. Subbotin worked as the head of the Department of Thermophysics at MEPhI. During his work in this position, the composition of the department grew from 39 to 120 people; three collaborators defended doctoral dissertations, more than 30 defended doctoral dissertations. In 1968, he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in 1987 a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1988, Valery Ivanovich transferred to work at the USSR Academy of Sciences. The traditions of the scientific school are currently preserved and developed by the students, associates and followers of V.I. Subbotin.

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21

Peng, Hui Ying, Mo Zhou, and Meng Xia Li. "Gas-Liquid Mixer Design of Multiphase Flow Experimental Apparatus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.615.

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Multiphase flow experimental facility is an indispensable part in the construction of laboratory of oil and gas storage and transportation, and the gas-liquid mixer is an important part of the experimental facility. Because the existing gas-liquid mixer has certain limitation, the author designs a new type of gas-liquid mixer on the base of existing mixer. Finally, through calculation of CFD simulation software, the new mixer can achieve good mixing effect and satisfy the requirement of experiment.

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22

Cherepanov, Anatoliy, and Pavel Ushakov. "WAYS AND APPARATUS OF RECEIVING GAS-LIQUID MIX." Bulletin of the Angarsk State Technical University 1, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-777x-2018-1-12-109-113.

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The article deals with the methods of obtaining a gas-liquid mixture by applying pulsations to the gas-liquid mixture and the device of valve plates to increase the mass transfer efficiency of the contacting phases.

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23

Palatý, Zdeněk. "Axial Dispersion in an Apparatus with Mobile Packing." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 5 (1993): 1069–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19931069.

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The paper deals with modelling of the flow of liquid on a plate with mobile packing. The results of measurements have been interpreted by means of a simple dispersion model whose two parameters were determined from the nonideal step-input of a tracer and its response. It has been found that in the gas flow rate region followed (1.0 - 3.5 m s-1), the liquid flow rate followed (5.36 - 12.5 . 10-3 m s-1), and the static bed height followed (21 - 47 . 10-3 m) the diffusion Peclet number is independent of these quantities. The mean residence time of the liquid on the plate decreases with increasing flow rate of Both gas and liquid, but it increases with the increasing height of packing.

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24

Dmitriev, A. V., I. N. Madyshev, O. S. Dmitrieva, and A. N. Nikolaev. "Research Dispersing Liquid and Gas in the Contact Device with an Increased Range of Stable Operation." Ecology and Industry of Russia 21, no. 3 (March 22, 2017): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2017-3-12-15.

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To increase the efficiency of mass-transfer apparatus, a jet-bubbling contact device is suggested. The article considers perspectives for using of jet-bubble contact devices for heat and mass transfer apparatus. The distinctive feature of the developed device is an intensive countercurrent contact between the gas (vapor) and liquid in each element. The authors conducted experimental studies of dispersing liquid and gas in the proposed contact devices. Powerful turbulent axisymmetric perturbations occur in the bubbling layer, which affect the initial oscillations of the jet and determine the length of its decay. In the jets larger diameter distances between the involved gas bubbles less. Therefore, the resulting local jet are usually a smaller amount of liquid, which is decomposed accordingly into smaller drops.

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25

Krawczyk, Janusz, Katarzyna Kocewiak, Jan Talaga, and Irina Postnikova. "MECHANISMS OF TRAPPING FINE DUST IN WET DUST COLLECTING APPARATUS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5926.

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The high efficiency of intensive operation of wet scrubbers is the result of a simultaneous formation of different mechanisms of dust particle collectors. The collectors can be understood as droplets of atomised liquid, bubbles formed in the conditions of intensive barbotage, liquid surface and wet surfaces. All collectors are formed during the operation of the circulating unit. The deposition of dust particles from gas occurs as a result of centrifugal forces and secondary circulations in the guide duct as well as the effect of the water curtain, liquid barbotage and the flow of dusty gas through the droplet-splash layer. Discussions substantiating the possibility of confirming the effect of suspension viscosity on the efficiency of the dust collection process can be related both to the analysis of basic mechanisms affecting the deposition of particles on liquid collectors and the conditions of generating collectors. In total liquid recirculation in wet dedusting equipment, concentration of solids in a liquid rises. In such conditions, a gradual decrease in their dedusting efficiency is possible. The effect depends on dust physiochemical properties, kinetic energy of particles, the type of equipment used, and specifically on the way of organization of the contact of the liquid and gas phases. Studies of the effectiveness of dedusting depending on various factors are given in the next article by the same authors.

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26

Leont’ev, V. K., and O. N. Korableva. "Development of Gas-Liquid Ejection Apparatus Construction Designs." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 52, no. 3-4 (July 2016): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-016-0167-8.

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27

Симаков, Н. Н. "Расчет межфазного массообмена в факеле распыла форсунки с учетом кризиса". Журнал технической физики 90, № 4 (2020): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2020.04.49077.2566.

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Анотація:

A numerical model and the results of calculation of the interfacial mass transfer in a two-phase flow formed by spraying a liquid in a gas with a nozzle are described. The basis of the proposed mathematical model is the differential equations of the nonstationary flow of a compressible medium supplemented by the equation of mass transfer from a gas to droplets. Going over to the difference analogues of the equations of continuity and phase motion, we used the well-known explicit Lax-Vendroff scheme. Herein, the axial profiles of the velocities of droplets and gas, concentrations of gas impurity in a free spray flow, as well as radial profiles of impurity concentrations in a two-phase flow through a cylindrical apparatus are calculated and presented accounting the early drag crisis of droplets, the mass-transfer crisis and the turbulent friction characteristics in gas discovered in previous experiments. Calculations show dependences of the volumetric gas flow, concentration of the gas admixture at the apparatus output, and the amount of impurity absorbed by a liquid on the height and cross-section area of the apparatus.

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28

Snedden, W., K. LeDez, and H. J. Manson. "A new method for the measurement of gas solubility." Journal of Applied Physiology 80, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 1371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.80.4.1371.

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A novel technique for the measurement of gas solubility and gas content in liquids and suspensions is described. Saturation of the liquid and subsequent extraction of the test gas both took place in a specially modified gastight syringe. The test gas was extracted from the saturated liquid by bubbling an inert carrier gas through the liquid (“sparging”). All gas exiting the apparatus was directed toward a mass spectrometer that measured the volume of extracted test gas in the presence of the carrier. The technique was used to measure the solubilities of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide in olive oil at 37 degrees C. The Bunsen solubility coefficients so obtained are in good agreement with those obtained by classic techniques.

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29

Moiseev, Viktor, Eugenia Manoilo, Oleg Khukhryanskiy, and Kalif Repko. "Experimental research of mass transfer in a stabilized foam layer." ScienceRise, no. 5 (October 29, 2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002123.

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Анотація:

The object of research: mass transfer processes on a combined contact element in a column apparatus. Investigated problem: determination of the regularities of process parameters in the processing of gas-liquid systems in a foam layer, as well as to interpret the obtained experimental data. The problem of processing industrial gas flows is solved by conducting the process in an intensive mode. The main scientific results: as a result of the study, the regularities of ammonia absorption were revealed depending on the main parameters of the experiment: gas velocity in the column cross-section, ammonia concentration, free cross-section of the combined contact element, and liquid loads. The process of mass transfer in the gas phase is significantly influenced by hydrodynamic parameters – the gas velocity in the apparatus and the specific load on the liquid, which indirectly affect the height of the liquid layer on the plate and the gas content of the layer. The area of practical use of the research results: sorption processes for processing gases and liquids in technological processes, absorption of harmful substances in the treatment of gas emissions. Innovative technological product: new block poppet-nozzle contact device that operates in a stabilized hydrodynamic mode; new ball-shaped weighted nozzle for three-phase foam layer. Scope of application the innovative technological product: technological processes in the treatment of gas emissions or technological gases.

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30

Zhou, San Ping, and Xi Man Lu. "A New Type of Packing Apparatus with High Efficiency and the Experimental Research of its Mass-Transfer Performance." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 3245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.3245.

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In this paper, a new type of packing apparatus with high efficiency and uniform flow was developed to deal with wall effect and scaling effect of packed column. A desorption experiment was made in a circular cold-model experiment packed column by using air-water-CO2 as working substance, determining the height of mass transfer unit of liquid phase of the cold-model experiment packed column under different gas-liquid loads, with and without the packing apparatus. The experimental results show that under different spray densities, the height of mass transfer unit of liquid phase of the packed column added with the packing apparatus decreased approximately above 19% more than that not added the packing apparatus; the height of mass transfer unit of liquid phase lowers more with the decrease of the spray density, which demonstrated that the mass transfer efficiency of the packed column added with the packing apparatus was much higher than that of the column not added the packing apparatus.

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31

Palatý, Zdeněk. "Mass Transfer in Liquid in Apparatus with Mobile Packing. Application of Model of Cascade of Ideal Mixers." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 2 (1994): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19940336.

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Анотація:

The paper deals with the determination of parameters of a cascade of ideal mixers (i.e. their number and mean residence time of liquid in each member) in modelling the liquid flow on a plate with mobile packing. The number of cascade members has been found practically independent of the gas and liquid velocities and the static bed heights in the gas velocity range from 1.0 to 3.5 m s-1, liquid velocity range from 5.36 . 10-3 to 12.5 . 10-3 m s-1, and the range of static bed height from 21 . 10-3 to 47 . 10-3 m. The mean residence time is increased with increasing static bed height and is decreased with increasing velocities of both gas and liquid. The calculated parameters of the model of flow of liquid and the experimental data on desorption of CO2 from water by a stream of air have been used to calculate the values of mass transfer coefficient in liquid which have been compared with those obtained from the dispersion model. The both approaches have been found to give practically identical results.

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32

Jin, Ri Jun, Chao Qun Chu, Xiao Ping Wang, Dong Hao Li, and Xiang Fan Piao. "Research on Multifunctional Gas Chromatography Sample Pretreatment Apparatus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 3440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.3440.

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Multifunctional gas chromatography sample pretreatment apparatus (hereinafter referred to as pretreatment apparatus), which is developed on the basis of gas purge micro-syringe extraction (GP-MSE) technique, is a gas chromatography (GC) sample pretreatment apparatus that integrates extraction, purification, concentration and predissociation. The quantitative and qualitative analysis results analyzed by GC-MS for volatile oil that extracted from the plant samples by steam distillation method and pretreatment apparatus, show that the volatile components extracted by the apparatus outnumber the ones extracted by steam distillation method clearly, and the content of major constituents extracted by the apparatus is higher. The apparatus have advantages of low consumption of agentia, short extraction time, high enrichment efficiency, simple structure, convenience in usage and low operating costs. The apparatus can be widely used in the areas of medicine, agriculture, food, quality control to the sample pretreatment of solid or liquid sample.

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33

Takano, Shun, Ryosuke Ezure, Yusuke Takahashi, Hiroyuki Komatsu, Kazuaki Yamagiwa, and Hideo Tajima. "Study on Mass Transfer Characteristics of Hydrate-based Gas Absorber." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133304002.

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Анотація:

Hydrated-based gas separation is a method capable of selectively separating and recovering greenhouse gases. Although a conventional hydrate-based gas separation apparatus is a batch or a semi-batch system, continuous operation is preferable to increase the throughput of gas without changing the apparatus volume. Recently, we proposed a flow type apparatus to allow continuous operation of hydrate formation (absorption) and subsequent decomposition (desorption). The aim of this study is to investigate the mass transfer characteristics of the continuous apparatus using the HFC134a-N2 mixed gas system. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient was calculated especially during a steady state of gas absorption. Besides, we compared mass transfer performance between the hydrate-based gas absorber and a conventional bubble column. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as a hydrate dispersant. In the flow type apparatus, the gas-liquid contact was good and the hydrate slurry state was observed during hydrate formation. In the surfactant solution, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient increased in comparison with that in water. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient with hydrate was higher than that of the bubble column. These results suggest that hydrate formation improves gas absorption performance.

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34

Takano, Shun, Ryosuke Ezure, Yusuke Takahashi, Hiroyuki Komatsu, Kazuaki Yamagiwa, and Hideo Tajima. "Study on Mass Transfer Characteristics of Hydrate-based Gas Absorber." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133304002.

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Анотація:

Hydrated-based gas separation is a method capable of selectively separating and recovering greenhouse gases. Although a conventional hydrate-based gas separation apparatus is a batch or a semi-batch system, continuous operation is preferable to increase the throughput of gas without changing the apparatus volume. Recently, we proposed a flow type apparatus to allow continuous operation of hydrate formation (absorption) and subsequent decomposition (desorption). The aim of this study is to investigate the mass transfer characteristics of the continuous apparatus using the HFC134a-N2 mixed gas system. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient was calculated especially during a steady state of gas absorption. Besides, we compared mass transfer performance between the hydrate-based gas absorber and a conventional bubble column. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as a hydrate dispersant. In the flow type apparatus, the gas-liquid contact was good and the hydrate slurry state was observed during hydrate formation. In the surfactant solution, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient increased in comparison with that in water. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient with hydrate was higher than that of the bubble column. These results suggest that hydrate formation improves gas absorption performance.

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35

Rautenbach, A. J., and G. Kornelius. "Mass transfer parameters in spray columns: 2. The system benzene-wash oil." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 8, no. 2 (March 14, 1989): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v8i2.871.

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Анотація:

Spray columns are widely used in industry as a gas-liquid contacting apparatus because of the advantages of a high transfer area per unit volume and the tow gas side resistance. For a large number of systems, mass transfer parameters are not available and an experimental determination for the system benzene/wash oil was therefore carried out. The experimental technique and design are described. The variation in mass transfer coefficient as function of gas flow rate, liquid flow rate and column height agrees with those published elsewhere.

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36

Shorter, J. "Bubble column apparatus for gas-liquid heterogeneous chemistry studies." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 22 (December 1996): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9322(97)88243-2.

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37

Shorter, Jeffrey A., Warren J. De Bruyn, Jainhong Hu, Erick Swartz, Paul Davidovits, Douglas R. Worsnop, Mark S. Zahniser, and Charles E. Kolb. "Bubble Column Apparatus for Gas-Liquid Heterogeneous Chemistry Studies." Environmental Science & Technology 29, no. 5 (May 1995): 1171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00005a006.

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38

Zakharov, V. P., K. S. Minsker, F. B. Shevlyakov, A. A. Berlin, G. G. Aleksanyan, B. L. Rytov, and A. A. Konoplev. "Intensification of gas-liquid processes in tubular turbulent apparatus." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 77, no. 11 (November 2004): 1822–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11167-005-0168-4.

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39

Ezure, Ryosuke, Yusuke Takahashi, Shun Takano, Hiroyuki Komatsu, Kazuaki Yamagiwa, and Hideo Tajima. "Examination of the Heat Transfer Model in Gas–Liquid–Solid Three Phases in Presence of Gas Hydrate Particle." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133304001.

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Анотація:

Hydrate-based gas separation is often investigated using batch or semi-batch operations. To increase the throughput of the gas mixture without increasing the apparatus volume, it is preferable to perform a continuous operation of hydrate-based gas separation. Therefore, we proposed a flow-type apparatus for performing continuous formation with passing gaseous mixture and subsequently decomposition with passing gas hydrate particles. Characteristics of multiple fluid and heat and mass transfer of hydrate slurry are essential for the efficient operation of the apparatus. In this study, we focused on heat transfer characteristics in the presence of bubbles in water and surfactant solution. First, an apparent overall heat transfer coefficient under pressure during steady operation of the apparatus was calculated on a simple assumption. Next, to control the hydrate amount and position of hydrate-decomposition and hydrate-formation in the apparatus, we focused on the temperature profile of the inside fluid. A heat transfer model using heat balance of defining heat of hydrate-formation and heat transfer of agitation of fluid was made for hydrate-based gas separation apparatus. To evaluate the validity of the heat transfer model, a calculation value is compared with the experimental value.

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40

Ezure, Ryosuke, Yusuke Takahashi, Shun Takano, Hiroyuki Komatsu, Kazuaki Yamagiwa, and Hideo Tajima. "Examination of the Heat Transfer Model in Gas–Liquid–Solid Three Phases in Presence of Gas Hydrate Particle." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133304001.

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Анотація:

Hydrate-based gas separation is often investigated using batch or semi-batch operations. To increase the throughput of the gas mixture without increasing the apparatus volume, it is preferable to perform a continuous operation of hydrate-based gas separation. Therefore, we proposed a flow-type apparatus for performing continuous formation with passing gaseous mixture and subsequently decomposition with passing gas hydrate particles. Characteristics of multiple fluid and heat and mass transfer of hydrate slurry are essential for the efficient operation of the apparatus. In this study, we focused on heat transfer characteristics in the presence of bubbles in water and surfactant solution. First, an apparent overall heat transfer coefficient under pressure during steady operation of the apparatus was calculated on a simple assumption. Next, to control the hydrate amount and position of hydrate-decomposition and hydrate-formation in the apparatus, we focused on the temperature profile of the inside fluid. A heat transfer model using heat balance of defining heat of hydrate-formation and heat transfer of agitation of fluid was made for hydrate-based gas separation apparatus. To evaluate the validity of the heat transfer model, a calculation value is compared with the experimental value.

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41

Volk, A. M., A. I. Vilkotsky, and O. N. Pyzhcova. "Evaluation of the Efficiency of Transfer Processes in a Rotary Apparatus." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 64, no. 5 (October 8, 2021): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2021-64-5-459-474.

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This paper considers the possibility of using vortex devices for interphase interaction while carrying out various physical and chemical processes in the chemical, food, gas production, construction and other industries. In the processes of mass transfer, one or several distributed components perform the transition from one phase to another through the active surface of their interface. To perform the implementation of these processes in absorbers, rectifiers, adsorbers, extractors effectively, the developed surface of the interacting phases acquire s a particular significance. Most of the chemical reactions in reaction devices and heterogeneous media occur when the initial distributed substances are supplied to the reaction zone and when the resulting products are removed from the chemical interaction zone through the phase interface. The processes under consideration are also used in solving environmental problems, viz. for sanitary cleaning of ventilation gases, wet cleaning of emissions. During evaporation, absorption, rectification, wet cleaning of gases and other processes, the problem of preventing the entrainment of liquid droplets with the gas flow is of great importance. One of the designs of a rotary multistage mass transfer apparatus is considered which makes it possible to achieve a finely dispersed liquid spray, uniform in height, with an ascending cross-flow of gas. The diagrams of installations for carrying out the experiment are given. On the basis of experimental studies, the dependence of the average diameter of dispersed liquid droplets on the geometric and hydrodynamic parameters has been obtained. The dispersed composition is described and dependences are given for determining the main characteristics used in physicochemical processes. The theoretical calculation of the movement of particles of the dispersed phase in the working volume of the apparatus at different flow rates of liquid and gas has been carried out. Theoretical and experimental methods were used to estimate the carryover of the liquid phase, an analysis of the process was carried out, and practical recommendations were given.

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42

Czernek, Krystian, and Stanisław Witczak. "Precise Determination of Liquid Layer Thickness with Downward Annular Two-Phase Gas-Very Viscous Liquid Flow." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 6529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246529.

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The paper presents the characteristics of the original optoelectronic system for measuring the values of hydrodynamics of two-phase downward gas-very viscous liquid flow. The measurement methods and results of the research on selected values describing gas–oil two-phase flow are presented. The study was conducted in vertical pipes with diameters of 12.5, 16, 22, and 54 mm. The research was conducted with the superficial velocities of air jg = 0–29.9 m/s and oil jl = 0–0.254 m/s, which corresponded to the values of gas stream density gg = (0–37.31) kg/(m2s) and of liquid gl = (0.61–226.87) kg/(m2s), in order to determine the influence of air and oil streams on the character of liquid films. The variations in oil viscosity were applied in the range ηl = (0.055–1.517) Pas. The study results that were obtained with optical probes along with computer image analysis system revealed vast research opportunities in terms of the identification of gas–liquid two-phase downward flow structures that were generated as well as the determination of the thickness of liquid film with various level of interfacial surface area undulation. The designed and constructed proprietary measuring system is also useful for testing the liquid layer by determining the parameters of the resulting waves. It is considered that the apparatus system that is presented in the article is the most effective in examining the properties of liquid layers of oil and other liquids with low electrical conductivity and a significant degree of monochromatic light absorption. In view of noninvasive technique of measuring characteristic values of liquid films being formed, the above measuring system is believed to be very useful for industry in the diagnostics of the apparatus employing such flows.

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43

Gavrilev, Stepan, Mikhail Ivanov, and Semen Totunov. "THE MONITORING OF THE LIQUID-GAS MIXTURE PARAMETERS BY THE PASSIVE ACOUSTIC METHOD." VOLUME 39, VOLUME 39 (2021): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika202139148.

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The considers the actual problem of determining the dispersed composition of the gas phase in a liquid medium. The work uses a passive acoustic method based on the interaction between the vibration frequency of bubbles and their size. On the experimental setup, acoustic waves emitted by air bubbles in water were recorded using a hydrophone. The sizes of the bubbles were determined by the spectra of the recorded signal. In the course of the experiments, the bubble radius was varied from 1.7 to 2.4 mm. The spectrogram of the signal was used to estimate the intensity of the release of bubbles in the volume of the experimental apparatus. Using the technique of synchronous filming, a video recording of the process of bubbles allocation at the apparatus was made. The analysis of the recorded video showed the correspondence of the determination of the parameters of the liquid-gas mixture. There are proposed various application scenarios of the passive acoustic method in the oil and gas industry.

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44

Gnilusha, I. I., and I. A. Shchuplyak. "Gas-liquid interaction in an apparatus with a disk mixer." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 32, no. 3 (May 1996): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02411582.

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45

Sliusenko, Andrii, Vitalii Ponomarenko, and Inna Forostiuk. "Water-air ejector with conical-cylindrical mixing chamber." Acta Polytechnica 61, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2021.61.0768.

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Анотація:

In the paper, the hydrodynamics of the liquid-gas mixture in the mixing chamber of the ejectors at different spatial positions was analyzed and the comparative study of such ejectors was carried out. It was found that a more ordered mode of movement of the mixture in the mixing chamber is created as a result of the coincidence of the velocity vector of liquid drops and the direction of gravity in the vertical position of the ejectors. This leads to increasing the volume entrainment ratio almost twice. The analysis of the liquid-gas mixture flow in the mixing chamber, evaluation calculations and research allowed to develop and to patent a jet apparatus with a conical-cylindrical (combined) mixing chamber. It was also found that for such ejectors, the volume entrainment ratio is 15–55% higher than for a jet apparatus with a cylindrical mixing chamber due to the reduction of the resistance of the passive flow into the mixing chamber and prevention of the formation of reverse-circulating flows. A study has been conducted on liquid-gas ejectors in the range of the main geometric parameter m (ratio of the mixing chamber area to the nozzle area) 9.4–126.5, which allowed to establish its rational values at which the maximum volume entrainment ratio is achieved (m = 25–40).

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46

Palatý, Zdeněk. "Errors in Measurement of Interfacial Area and Mass Transfer Coefficient in Liquid in Apparatus with Mobile Packing." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 6 (1993): 1345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19931345.

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Анотація:

The paper deals with an analysis of errors of measurement of interfacial area and mass transfer coefficient in liquid in an absorber with mobile packing. The system of CO2-NaOH has been used for the testing with recirculation of the adsorption solution. The error of measurement of the absorption solution temperature, CO2 concentration in the gas, the composition of absorption solution, the mass transfer coefficient in gas, and the volume of absorption solution at the beginning and at the end of the measurement have been investigated with regard to their effects upon the resulting values of specific interfacial area and mass transfer coefficient in liquid. From the simulation calculations if follows that the interfacial areas most strongly affected by the error of measurement of CO2 concentration in gas, whereas the mass transfer coefficient in liquid is considerably affected by inaccuracies in measuring the volume of absorption solution at the beginning and at the end of experiment.

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47

Purwanto, Yohanes Aris, Seiichi Oshita, Yasuhisa Seo, and Yoshinori Kawagoe. "Separation Process of Nonpolar Gas Hydrate in Food Solution under High Pressure Apparatus." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/262968.

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Separation process of nonpolar gas hydrate formation in liquid food was experimentally studied under high pressure container. Xenon (Xe) gas was selected as hydrate forming gas and coffee solution was used as a sample of liquid food. The high-pressure stainless steel container having the inner diameter of 60 mm and the volume of 700 mL with a U-shaped stirrer was designed to carry out this experiment. A temperature of 9.0°C and Xe partial pressure of 0.9 MPa were set as a given condition. The experiment was designed to examine the effect of steel screen size, formation rate, temperature condition, and amount of Xe gas dissolving in the solution on the separation process which was indicated by concentration efficiency. Screen size of 200 and 280 mesh resulted in higher concentration efficiency than that of 100 mesh. The higher stirring rate caused the higher formation rate of Xe hydrate and created the smaller Xe hydrate crystals. At the condition giving the same solubility in water, temperature of 14.8°C resulted in lower concentration efficiency than 9.0°C. The increase in the amount of Xe gas dissolving in coffee solution caused the concentration efficiency to decrease; however, the concentration ratio between the final and initial concentration of the solution increased.

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48

Hong, Seung Soo, Kwang Hwa Chung, Yong Hyeon Shin, Eun Jung Sung, and Ichiro Arakawa. "Preliminary Study of the Apparatus for Electron Stimulated Desorption of Rare Gas Solids." Key Engineering Materials 277-279 (January 2005): 935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.935.

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An electron stimulated desorption (ESD) experimental system consisting of a ultrahigh vacuum chamber, micro channel plate, electron gun, quadrupole mass spectrometer, liquid helium and liquid nitrogen cryostat, and a gas supply tube etc., was set up and evaluated in order to investigate desorption particles at the surface of rare gas solids (RGS). Ar was deposited on the copper sample for 200 seconds at a pressure of 6.3 x 10–4 Pa. Ion currents from the RGS during bombardment at various electron gun energies were measured. These increased proportionally with filament currents between 1.5 A and 1.75 A. With the electron gun turned on, the dominant residual species in the vacuum chamber were H2O, H2, C, O, N2, Ar, and CO2, as measured using a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). The H2O partial pressure was almost 50 % of the total pressure, and that of the other gas species were lower than 20 %. Before starting the experiments, the ultimate base pressure of the ultrahigh vacuum chamber reached 10–8 Pa.

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49

Dumont, Éric. "KLa Determination Using the Effectiveness-NTU Method: Application to Countercurrent Absorbers in Operation Using Viscous Solvents for VOCs Mass Transfer." ChemEngineering 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3020057.

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Анотація:

In this study, the Effectiveness-NTU method, which is usually applied to heat exchanger design, was adapted to gas–liquid countercurrent absorbers to determine the overall mass transfer coefficient, KLa, of the apparatus in operation. It was demonstrated that the ε-NTU method could be used to determine the KLa using the Henry coefficient of the solute to be transferred (HVOC), the gas flow-rate (QG), the liquid flow-rate (QL), the scrubber volume (V), and the effectiveness of the absorber (ε). These measures are calculated from the gaseous concentrations of the solute measured at the absorber inlet (CGin) and outlet (CGout), respectively. The ε-NTU method was validated from literature dedicated to the absorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by heavy solvents. Therefore, this method could be a simple, robust, and reliable tool for the KLa determination of gas–liquid contactors in operation, despite the type of liquid used, i.e., water or viscous solvents.

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50

Sanchez, C., A. Couvert, A. Laplanche, and C. Renner. "New compact scrubber for odour removal in wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 9 (November 1, 2006): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.862.

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This work presents the performances of a new odour scrubber. The reactor is packed with a new structure which enables co-current operations at high gas velocities. Energy consumption and removal efficiency of sulphur compounds by oxidative alkaline scrubbing were studied. The influence of both superficial gas (USG) and liquid (USL) velocities, ranging from 5.6 to 28 m.s−1 and 0.016 to 0.055 m.s−1 respectively, were quantified. Thus, the range of 0.5 to 5 liquid-to-gas mass ratio (L/G) was studied. A comparison has been made with a previous study on static mixers (SM) and with classical random packed towers (PT). It has been shown that superficial liquid and gas velocities have a significant influence on these parameters. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) abatement reached values up to 99%. As concerns methylmercaptan (CH3SH), the maximal removal efficiency was 87%. As a result, if well scaled-up, our reactor can be a small single stage efficient apparatus for the elimination of low concentrations of sulphur compounds as H2S and CH3SH in high flow rates of polluted gas effluents.

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