Готові списки джерел за темами / Gas-fine flow

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Gas-fine flow"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Gas-fine flow"

Mase, Nobuyuki, Takuya Iio, Kohei Nagai, Tomoki Kozuka, Akhtar Mst Sammi, Kohei Sato, and Tetsuo Narumi. "Fine-Bubble–Slug-Flow Hydrogenation of Multiple Bonds and Phenols." Synlett 31, no. 19 (October 21, 2020): 1919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1705948.

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AbstractWe describe a promising method for the continuous hydrogenation of alkenes or alkynes by using a newly developed fine-bubble generator. The fine-bubble-containing slug-flow system was up to 1.4 times more efficient than a conventional slug-flow method. When applied in the hydrogenation of phenols to the corresponding cyclohexanones, the fine bubble–slug-flow method suppressed over-reduction. As this method does not require the use of excess gas, it is expected to be widely applicable in improving the efficiency of gas-mediated flow reactions.

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MASUDA, Hiroaki, Shuji MATSUSAKA, Satoshi AKIBA, and Hiroaki SHIMOMURA. "Electrification of Fine Particles in Gas-Solids Pipe Flow." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 34, no. 2 (1997): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.34.91.

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Chlebnikovas, Aleksandras, and Pranas Baltrėnas. "Research of the Aerodynamic Parameters in a Special Cyclone with Secondary Inlets." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, no. 4 (September 11, 2017): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1065.

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Special cyclone – gas treatment device which can be applied to remove the fine particulate matter bigger than 2 micrometres from aggressive gas flow at a temperature of 50–145 °C and a relative humidity of more than 95% and can be achieved the cleaning efficiency over 90%. Cyclone work is based on centrifugal forces and the resulting additional filtration process operation. Cyclone structure equipped with primary and secondary gas flow inflows through which gas dispersed flow is supplied parallel to all channels of the cyclone. Analysed modified multi-channel cyclone can be effectively treated from fine particulate matter, during the cleaning of aggressive gas flow an adhesion/cohesion phenomena could be reduced. Research of aerodynamic parameters it’s the first step of studies to determine the optimal case, at the average gas flow velocity in cyclone channels were 8, 12 and 16 m/s, the gas flow dynamics dependencies into cyclone were determined.

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GILBERTSON, M. A., and I. EAMES. "Segregation patterns in gas-fluidized systems." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 433 (April 25, 2001): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112001003950.

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The formation of segregation patterns in initially homogeneous, fluidized, binary mixtures of particles has been studied. The adjustment of the bed depends on the proportions of fine and coarse particles in the mixture and the gas flow rate relative to the minimum fluidization velocities of the two components. The particles are immobile until the gas flow rate is sufficiently large to fluidize the mixture of particles. When the gas flow rate exceeds this critical value, alternating vertical bands of coarse and fine particles form. At a second critical gas velocity this pattern breaks down and the more familiar pattern of a mixed horizontal band on top of a layer of coarse particles forms. A phase diagram, constructed from experimental observations, shows the conditions for which each of these regimes exists. Its structure is explained in terms of the fluidization and consequent mobility of the mixture components. When horizontal bands are present, the thickness of the lower layer of coarse particles decreases with increasing gas flow rate depending on the proportion of fine particles in the bed. This, and its development, can be understood by analogy with the sedimentation of particles through a turbulent fluid. The experiments imply that the efficiency of mixing by the bubbles in the fluidized bed is very much less than that expected from gas bubbles in a liquid.

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YAMAOKA, Hideyuki. "Flow Characteristics of Gas and Fine Particles in Packed Bed." Tetsu-to-Hagane 72, no. 3 (1986): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.72.3_403.

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Masuda, Hiroaki, Shuji Matsusaka, Satoshi Akiba, and Hiroaki Shimomura. "Electrification of Fine Particles in Gas-Solids Pipe Flow [Translated]†." KONA Powder and Particle Journal 16 (1998): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14356/kona.1998024.

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Kuznetsov, G. V., P. A. Kuibin, and P. A. Strizhak. "Motion of fine-spray liquid droplets in hot gas flow." Thermophysics and Aeromechanics 21, no. 5 (October 2014): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0869864314050096.

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Guo, Falei. "Gas flow and mixing behavior in fine-powder fluidized bed." AIChE Journal 33, no. 11 (November 1987): 1895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690331117.

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IWAMA, SABURO, and KAZUHIRO MIHAMA. "GROWTH OF In-Sb FINE PARTICLES BY FLOWING-GAS EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 01 (February 1996): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96000127.

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Fine particles of the In-Sb system were prepared by the FGE technique (flowing-gas evaporation technique). The characteristic of the technique is that the formation of the vapor zone and particle growth zone along the flow of inert gas can be controlled by the inert-gas species and the flow velocity. From single-source evaporations, In fine islands grown on the amorphous carbon in the metal vapor zone showed a fiber structure with [111] and [001] fiber axes. In the particle growth zone In fine particles were formed, showing very frequently a characteristic contrast in them due to a lattice defect. Sb fine particles showed amorphous structure. These results may be attributed to the enhanced quenching effect of the FGE technique, already observed in the ordinary gas-evaporation technique. By coevaporation of In and Sb, granular film grew in the metal vapor zone, and fine particles were formed in the particle growth zone. The crystal structure was assigned to be the zincblende type including the wurtzite type of intermetallic compound InSb.

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Bikkulov, Rustem Ya, Andrey V. Dmitriev, Vadim E. Zinurov, and Guzel R. Badretdinova. "Separation of Fine Particles from Gas in Paint-Spraying Booths." MATEC Web of Conferences 346 (2021): 03070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134603070.

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Nowadays, at production facilities with paint-spraying booths that use paint and varnish materials to cover the surfaces of product, the problem of gas flow contamination with finely dispersed solid particles of dust and rubbish, which negatively affect the quality of products, is increasingly being raised. In order to minimize the content of solid particles in the gas flow, coarse and fine filters are installed in the paint-spraying booths, which prevent dust particles from entering the surface of products. However, the existing purification devices have a number of disadvantages that affect the efficiency of collecting finely dispersed particles from the gas flow with a size of 0.5-5 microns. The authors of article developed a square separator to increase the efficiency of collecting finely dispersed particles from gas flows in the paint-spraying booths. The installation of proposed separation device in the paint-spraying booths affects not only the quality of collecting solid particles, but also increases the service life of fine and coarse filters In the course of numerical studies, the results of impact of structural and technological parameters, namely, the impact of inlet rate and scale of separation device on the efficiency of collecting solid particles from the gas flow, were obtained.

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Дисертації з теми "Gas-fine flow"

Naylor, Michael J. "Fluid flow and particle size in gas atomization for fine powders." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47415.

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Boutouili, Mohieddine. "Etude statistique expérimentale d'une combustion turbulente en couche limite." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2336.

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Etude portant sur la combustion d'un premelange propane-air injecte a travers une paroi poreuse dans un ecoulement de gaz brule confine dans une veine de section constante. Mesures de la temperature fluctuante par thermocouple fin et de la vitesse par anemometrie doppler-laser

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Tsurikov, Michael S. "Experimental investigation of the fine scale structure in turbulent gas-phase jet flows." Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3086721.

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Книги з теми "Gas-fine flow"

Khavaran, Abbas. A parametric study of fine-scale turbulence mixing noise. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2002.

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James, Bridges, Freund Jonathan B, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. A parametric study of fine-scale turbulence mixing noise. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2002.

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Частини книг з теми "Gas-fine flow"

Weiser, Ingo Felix, Tim Herrig, and Thomas Bergs. "A Model Calculation of CO2 Emissions Saving Potential for Fine Blanking of Inductively Heated Sheet Metal with Comparison of the Product Variants." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 685–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_77.

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AbstractThe steel processing industry must increasingly question itself with regard to environmental aspects, especially for automobile production. As a consequence of the resulting lightweight construction requirements in the automotive sector, manufacturing processes of industrial relevance must deal with high-strength steels. In case of fine blanking, the process faces its limits already when processing medium-high tensile strength steels because of high tool wear or failure. A promising approach to overcome these process limits is the introduction of heat into the processed metal sheet in order to lower the flow stress of the steel. In order to estimate the sustainability of a fine blanking process with inductively heated sheets, the energy input during heating is investigated in this work. An energy balance is drawn for fine blanking of inductively heated sheets. A further component of the work is the subsequent use phase of the components produced in this way. A consideration of the greenhouse gas emissions savings potential by fine blanking in the German automotive production shows possible future perspectives for manufacturing. It could be found that by substituting standard fine blanking process by inductively heated fine blanking of higher strength steels greenhouse gas emissions can be decreased.

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Yang, T. S., and S. S. Shy. "A Gas-Phase Near-Isotropic Turbulence and its Wavelet Analysis for Studying Fine-Scale Intermittency." In IUTAM Symposium on Reynolds Number Scaling in Turbulent Flow, 249–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0997-3_43.

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Kono, H. O., and T. Hikosaka. "The Effect of Interparticle Forces on the Separation of Fine Powders from Gas-Solid Two Phase Flow." In Developments in Food Engineering, 247–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2674-2_75.

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Dawuda, Ismael, and Sanjay Srinivasan. "Geometric and Geostatistical Modeling of Point Bars." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 63–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19845-8_6.

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AbstractPoint bar reservoir geology is frequently encountered in oil and gas developments worldwide. Furthermore, point bar geology is encountered in many sites being considered for large scale CO2 injection for sequestration. A comprehensive modeling method that adequately preserves point bar internal architecture and its associated heterogeneities is still not available. Traditional geostatistical methods cannot adequately capture the curvilinear architecture of point bars. Even geostatistical simulation techniques that can be constrained to multiple point statistics cannot capture the architecture of the point bars because they use regular grids to represent the heterogeneity. If heterogeneities like the thinly distributed shale drapes within the point bar are represented using an extremely fine mesh, the computational cost for performing flow modeling escalates steeply. This paper proposes a modeling method that preserves the point bar internal architecture and heterogeneities, without these limitations. The modeling method incorporates a gridding scheme that adequately captures the point bar architecture and heterogeneities, without huge computational costs.

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Li, Xiaojie, Jianyue Feng, Jibin He, Chengming Ye, and Li Yu. "Study on Sand Production Evolution Mechanism of High Muddy Silt and Fine Sand Hydrate Reservoir Exploitation in Sea Area." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220972.

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According to the grading curve and Water content allocation of the hydrate reservoir, the particle size distribution and water condition of the formation sand are simulated, and the gas drive pressure difference condition is set. Under the condition of gravel packing and sand control, the one-dimensional unidirectional flow of high argillaceous and fine sand under gas drive is analyzed, and the parameters such as displacement pressure difference, flow rate, sand proportion and permeability are measured. The three phase percolation law of gas, water and solid particles from the initial stage to the end of the test was systematically analyzed. The results show that the evolution process of sand production is divided into four stages: initial particle-free migration, slow particle migration, rapid particle migration and particle structure stability. The time of specific process is controlled by pressure difference and gas-water flow conditions. Because of the high mud content, the slow migration phase of the particles will migrate and consolidate on the outer wall of the sand retention structure to form a mud layer (permeability is 0.1–5 Milli Darcy). The mud layer has a certain stable structure and strength, which has a significant influence on the water flow conditions and has no obvious influence on the gas percolation. The test results reveal three mechanisms for the exploitation of natural gas hydrate reservoirs, namely the sanding evolution process, the gravel filling sand blocking and the mud layer sand resistance with certain permeability and strength.

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Mason, D. J., and A. Levy. "Two-layer model for non-suspension gas-solids flow of fine powders in pipes." In Handbook of Powder Technology, 361–68. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-3785(01)80037-3.

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Fox, R. O. "Application to fine particles, bubbly flows and gas-particle flows." In Industrial Computational Fluid Dynamics. von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35294/ls201705.fox2.

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Jiao, Q., and N. J. Themelis. "Modelling of gas-particles fluid flow and heat transfer in a non-transferred plasma jet." In Production and Processing of Fine Particles, 827–45. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-036448-3.50085-2.

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Borgia, Andrea, Alberto Mazzoldi, Luigi Micheli, Giovanni Grieco, Massimo Calcara, and Carlo Balducci. "The Geothermal Power Plants of Amiata Volcano, Italy: Impacts on Freshwater Aquifers, Seismicity and Air." In Volcanology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100558.

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Production of geothermal energy for electricity at Amiata Volcano uses flash-type power plants with cooling towers that evaporate much of the geothermal fluid to the atmosphere to condense the geothermal vapour extracted. Because the flash occurs also within the geothermal reservoir, it causes a significant depressurization within it that, in turns, results in a drop of the water table inside the volcano between 200 and 300 m. The flow rates of natural springs around the volcano have also substantially decreased or ceased since the start of geothermal energy exploitation. Continuous recording of aquifer conditions shows substantial increases in salinity (>20%) and temperature (>2°C) as the water table falls below about 755–750 m asl. In addition to hydrologic impacts, there are also a large numbers of induced earthquakes, among which the ML 3.9, April 1, 2000 earthquake that generated significant damage in the old villages and rural houses. Relevant impacts on air quality occur when emissions are considered on a per-MW basis. For example, CO2+CH4 emissions at Amiata are comparable to those of gas-fired power plants (1), while the acid-rain potential is about twice that of coal-fired power plants. Also, a significant emission of primary and secondary fine particles is associated with the cooling towers. These particles contain heavy metals and are enriched in sodium, vanadium, zinc, phosphorous, sulphur, tantalium, caesium, thallium, thorium, uranium, and arsenic relative to comparable aerosols collected in Florence and Arezzo (2). Measurements have shown that mercury emitted at Amiata comprises 42% of the mercury emitted from all Italian industries, while an additional comparable amount is emitted from the other geothermal power plants of Tuscany (3). We believe that the use of air coolers in place of the evaporative cooling towers, as suggested in 2010 by the local government of Tuscany (4), could have and can now drastically reduced the environmental impact on freshwater and air. On the opposite side of the coin, air-coolers would increase the amount of reinjection, increasing the risk of induced seismicity. We conclude that the use of deep borehole heat exchangers could perhaps be the only viable solution to the current geothermal energy environmental impacts.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Gas-fine flow"

Fazal, Imran, and M. C. Elwenspoek. "Piezoelectric Microvalve for Precise Control of Gas Flow at High Pressure." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35878.

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We present a normally open piezoelectric actuated micro valve, based on the novel concept of micro and fine machining technology. This new design allows a wide controllable range for high flow at a high pressure difference between inlet and outlet. This promising combination of micro and fine machining (piezoelectric actuator) provides the opportunity to take the steps that control the flow precisely. The use of piezoelectric actuator provides the opportunity of continuous control of gas flow at any stage during entire valve operation. In our previous design, larger steps caused by the friction between screw threads, limits the controllability [1]. Additionally the power consumption is low as piezoactuator needs power only to take steps to control the flow of gas.

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Darman, N. H., L. J. Durlofsky, and G. E. Pickup. "Upscaling Immiscible Gas Displacements: Quantitative Use of Fine Grid Flow Data in Grid Coarsening Schemes." In SPE Asia Pacific Conference on Integrated Modelling for Asset Management. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/59452-ms.

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Syred, Caroline, Anthony Griffiths, and Nick Syred. "Gas Turbine Combustor With Integrated Ash Removal for Fine Particulates." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53270.

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This paper examines the performance of a novel design of combustor for utilising variable calorific value fuel gases as produced by many biomass gasification processes. An integral ash removal system is incorporated into the combustor to reduce the need for subsequent hot gas or other cleanup systems. The combustor is of cyclonic design with tangential inlets for air, start-up fuel and gasification products. Flame stability for low calorific value gases can be enhanced via the use of ceramic/refractory lined sections if required, with the system operating under lean combustion at all times to minimise NOx. Pressure drop of the cyclonic system is minimised by the use of a tangential outlet, as are combustion instabilities, as large central recirculation zones are avoided and associated instabilities like the precessing vortex core. Ash removal from the system is important to minimise damage to turbine components. Two regions are used for particle removal. The first is the base of the unit of a conventional hopper design, and the other, a unique vortex collector pocket (VCP) carefully positioned by the tangential off-take to take advantage of the accelerating tangential flow into the off-take. This paper focuses on the use of CFD to optimise the combustion performance of the combustor run under different operating conditions as well as the removal of coarse and fine material from the flow.

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Zhao, Lixin, and Minghu Jiang. "Cyclic Flow Experiments of a Fine Particle Separation Hydrocyclone." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29026.

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Basic separating principle of hydrocyclones and the cyclic experimental research facilities are introduced. The difficulty of separating fine particle is described. Based on a solid-liquid hydrocyclone used for separating fine particles, effect of cyclic flow condition on hydrocyclone’s performance is studied. Effects of cyclic period ratio, cyclic flowrate amplitude ratio, Reynolds number, gas liquid ratio, and the cyclical signal type on the hydrocyclone’s fine particle separation performance, especially on relative overflow purifying rate were studied in detail. The results show that the separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone operated under cyclic flow condition can be higher than that in steady condition, when the cyclic period ratio is about 0.68 and the cyclic flowrate amplitude ratio is about 2%. Rectangular wave seems to be the best cyclic signal for enhancing the hydrocyclone’s separation efficiency. The cyclical change of flowrate leads to the increasing of hydrocyclone’s energy consumption to some extent, while the increasing amount is very less, which is no more than 3% in general.

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Hong, Chungpyo, Kyohei Isobe, Yutaka Asako, and Ichiro Ueno. "Total Temperature Measurement of Turbulent Gas Flow at Microtube Exit." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2013-73180.

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This paper describes experimental results on total temperature measurement to obtain heat transfer characteristics of turbulent gas flow in a microtube with constant wall temperature. The experiments were performed for nitrogen gas flow through a microtube of 354 μm in diameter with 100 mm in length. The wall temperature was maintained at 310 K, 330 K, and 350 K by circulating water around the microtube, respectively. The stagnation pressure was chosen in such a way that the exit Mach number ranges from 0.1 to 1.0. In order to obtain heat transfer rate of turbulent gas flow through a micro-tube, the total temperatures of gas flowing out of a microtube exit were measured with the set of total temperature measurement attached to micro stage with position fine adjustment. The numerical computations based on the Arbitrary - Langrangian - Eulerian (ALE) method were also performed for the turbulent gas flow with the same conditions of the experiments. The results were in excellent agreement.

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Serena, Alberto, and Lars E. Bakken. "Flow Visualization of Unsteady and Transient Phenomena in a Mixed-Flow Multiphase Pump." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56581.

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The flow inside of turbomachines rotating channels, when operating away from the design point, is intrinsically unsteady; two-phase flow and part-load operation further complicate the analysis, introducing additional challenges. Transient phenomena, linked to the typical unsteadiness of multiphase flows (bubble formation, coalescence or breakdown, segregation and gas locking) and to variable inlet flow compositions, as in case of slug flow, require advanced analysis tools which can reveal the local flow mechanisms responsible for performance degradation and instabilities. General trends can be outlined, but the air accumulation zones and two-phase flow patterns are highly dependent on the machine design. The flow regimes vary from a homogeneous distribution of fine bubbles, evenly dispersed and carried away by the main flow, to more complex flow patterns, especially when the phases separate or the bubbles coalesce forming a gas pocket which adheres to a wide portion of the channel wall. Tests are performed on a multiphase pump laboratory, recently installed at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, which allows a complete optical access to the pump channels and fine adjustments in the inlet configuration and the tip clearance gap; the air can be injected from different locations producing transient regimes too. A high speed camera provides an interesting insight into the transient flow phenomena. This paper focuses on these specific ones: - Irregular backflow and swirl at the inlet section - Gas accumulation zones and contribution of the tip leakage to mixing - Flow pattern shift to phase segregation, as the relative flow is reduced - Origin of pump blockage, when increasing gas contents cannot be carried away by the water phase - Flow and machine parameters response to a variation in the inlet flow Tests are performed at various operating conditions — rotational speed, mixture composition and impeller tip clearance. The study is completed with the time and frequency domain analysis of the pressure pulsations at surging and during specific transient events.

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Minagawa, Hisato, and Takahiro Yasuda. "The Effect of Fine Particles Added Into Water on the Motion of Bubbles Rising Helically." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44406.

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LDV, PIV and some methods using ultrasonic sound have been often employed to measure multiphase flows. Fine particles are usually added into flows as tracer or scattering particles. The effect of particles added in on the flow characteristics is, however, not examined in detail. Because multiphase flows, especially gas-liquid systems, have gas-liquid interfaces, where impurities are known to aggregate, fine particles may aggregate in gas-liquid interfaces, and may affect the flow situation. Therefore, we measured the movement of helically rising bubbles to investigate the effect of fine particles mixed into the liquid phase. Polyethylene particles of 160μm and 10.6μm medium diameters are used. The reductions of helical sizes and rising and moving velocities are recognized by adding particles. The effect of particle size is also discussed.

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Mawatari, Yoshihide, Yasmasa Hamada, Masato Yamamura, and Hiroyuki Kage. "Effect of Mechanical Vibrating Condition on Flow Patterns of Fine Cohesive Powders in A Gas-solid Fluidized Bed." In 5th Asian Particle Technology Symposium. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-2518-1_188.

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Buyevich, Yuri A., and Shakir K. Kapbasov. "Drag Reduction in Turbulent Flow of Gas-Solid Mixtures." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0448.

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Abstract Well-developed one-dimensional steady turbulent flow of a dilute gas-solid mixture in a vertical pipe is considered on the basis of a closure model that accounts for the Reynolds stresses in both mixture phases and specific pseudoturbulent stresses that arise in the dispersed phase. The model is proven to be in an excellent agreement with experimental data as regards usually observed cross-sectional profiles of mixture concentration and mean velocities of the phases. This model is applied to evaluate a systematic variation in total gas flow rate caused by the insertion of fine particles into pure gas flow under the condition of the overall pressure drop being kept invariable. For this purpose, the ratio of gas flow rate in the pure gas flow to that in a mixture flow was studied as a function of the mixture concentration and other relevant parameters. All other things being equal, this ratio first decreases below unity as the amount of the inserted particles increases, reaches a minimum, and then begins to grow with concentration, eventually assuming values well above unity. This means that a drag reduction effect occurs if the concentration varies within a certain interval of relatively low concentrations, but if gives way to a drag enhancement effect as concentration further increases beyond the said interval.

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Laycock, Robert G., and Thomas H. Fletcher. "Time-Dependent Deposition Characteristics of Fine Coal Flyash in a Laboratory Gas Turbine Environment." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46563.

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Time-dependent deposition characteristics of fine coal flyash were measured in the Turbine Accelerated Deposition Facility (TADF) at Brigham Young University. Two samples of subbituminous coal fly ash, with mass mean diameters of 3 and 13 μm, were entrained in a hot gas flow with a gas temperature of 1250°C and Mach number of 0.25. A nickel base super alloy metal coupon approximately 0.3 cm thick was held in a hot particle-laden gas stream to simulate deposition in a gas turbine. Tests were conducted with deposition times of 20, 40, and 60 minutes. Capture efficiencies and surface roughness characteristics (e.g., Ra) were obtained at different times. Capture efficiency increased exponentially with time while Ra increased linearly with time. The increased deposition with time caused the surface temperature of the deposit to increase. The increased surface temperature caused more softening, increasing the propensity for impacting particles to stick to the surface. These data are important for improving models of deposition in turbines from syngas flows.

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Grauer and Chapman. L52330 Development of an Active Air Control System. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010447.

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Develop an active air control system that, when installed on a turbocharged-engine system, will reduce NOX emissions below the levels of the system alone. While the turbocharged-engine system allows the natural gas compression industry to decrease pollutant emissions via increased air flow, the physics of the system and the environments in which these systems operate restrict further advancements. A new model, the Charge Air Integrated Manifold Engine Numerical Simulation (CAIMENS). The CAIMENS model was used to: Quantify the effects of charge air imbalance between cylinders in terms of NOX production; Illustrate that an imbalance in mass air flow creates a one-to-one imbalance in corrected trapped equivalence ratio Reveal a 5% to 12% imbalance in air flow present in the candidate Cooper GMV engine which correlated to a 65% to 92% imbalance in NOX production; and Provide detailed information that led to the specification of a mass air flow (MAF) sensor coupled with an air flow balancer (AFB), comprising the Active Air Control (AAC) system. The research team proceeded by working with the ERLE team to select cylinder liners for the NGML air flow bench, and then expanded the air flow bench from one cylinder to two cylinders. The specified AAC system was installed on each of the two cylinders. The research team then conducted a series of experiments to evaluate and fine tune the AAC system. The AAC system was able to correct up to a 12.4% air imbalance. The end point of the project was an AAC system that could, with some engineering effort, be applied to field engines. Benefit: The resulting technology was an active air flow control system consisting of an AFB integrated with a MAF sensor. The AFB has characteristics analogous to that of a throttle plate used in a carbureted internal combustion engine.

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