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1
Lu, Feng, Yihuan Huang, Jinquan Huang, and Xiaojie Qiu. "Gas turbine performance monitoring based on extended information fusion filter." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 2 (May 15, 2018): 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410018776398.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Performance monitoring is a critical issue for gas turbine engine for improving the operation safety and reducing the maintenance cost. With regard to this, variants of Kalman-filters-based state estimation have been employed to detect gas turbine performance, but the classical centralized Kalman filters are subject to heavy computational effort and poor fault tolerance. A novel nonlinear fusion filter algorithm using information description with distributed architecture is proposed and applied to gas turbine performance monitoring. This methodology is developed from federated Kalman filter, and a bank of local extended information filters and one information mixer are combined with extended information fusion filter. The local state estimates and covariance calculated in parallel by the local extended information filters are integrated in the information mixer to yield a global state estimate. The global state estimate of nonlinear system is fed back to the local filters with weighted factor for next iteration. The aim of the proposed methodology is to reduce the computational efforts of state estimation and improve robustness to sensor faults in cases of gas turbine performance monitoring. The simulation results on a turbofan engine confirm the extended information fusion filter's effective capabilities in comparison to the general central ones.
2
Reddy, Venkat K., and Nihal C. Rajapakse. "CARBOHYDRATE STATUS OF CUSO4 SPECTRAL FILTER-GROWN CHRYSANTHEMUM PLANTS." HortScience 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 745d—745. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.745d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The response of `Bright Golden Anne' chrysanthemum plants grown under CuSO4 spectral filters to exogenous GA3 application was evaluated to determine the relationship between gibberellins (GAs) and carbohydrate levels. The CuSO4 filters removed far red (FR) wavelengths of light and increased red: far red (R:FR), blue: far red (B:FR), blue: red (B:R) ratios, and phytochrome photoequilibrium (Ø) values of transmitted light compared to water (control) filter. Plant height, internode length, and leaf and stem dry weights were significantly reduced by light passing through CuSO4 filters in spring and summer seasons. Weekly applications of exogenous GA3 reversed the reduction in height and internode length induced by CuSO4 filters. Plants grown under CuSO4 filters responded more to exogenous GA3 application with respect to height and internode length, suggesting that the sensitivity to GA was not lowered. Light passing through CuSO4 filters reduced the carbohydrate levels, but the response varied with the season. Weekly GA3 application increased the carbohydrate levels, but did not totally reverse the reduction in carbohydrate levels under the CuSO4 filters. Although GA3 application increased the carbohydrate levels partially in CuSO4 filter-grown plants, the inhibition of GAs may not be solely responsible for reduction of carbohydrate levels under CuSO4 filters, showing that exogenous GAs and carbohydrate levels are not well correlated under CuSO4 spectral filters.
3
Schwarz, Almuth D., Jörg Meyer, and Achim Dittler. "Penetration of Water-Soluble Material through Gas-Cleaning Filters." Membranes 12, no. 8 (August 12, 2022): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080776.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To predict the behavior of gas-cleaning filters during real-world operation, it is essential to understand their response to ambient conditions. The temporary presence of water droplets in gas-cleaning filtration systems due to fog, spray rain, or condensation, as examples of irregular events, has an impact on the filters’ operating performance, especially when soluble particles are present. In this work, surface filters were loaded with mixtures of water-soluble salt particles and insoluble glass spheres. These were, subsequently, exposed to water mist and dried by a particle-free gas stream. A novel approach to analyze the drainage of solution on filters with soluble filter cakes is presented, which allows the detection of solubles on the clean gas side of the filter. As a result, this work, for the first time, presents a sighting of the penetration of soluble filter cake material through gas-cleaning filters. Furthermore, filter performance, in terms of differential pressure and fractional separation efficiency, was determined and a characteristic differential pressure evolution for hydrophilic filters during exposure to water mist was also identified. The fractional separation efficiency of gas-cleaning filters decreases due to exposure to water mist. The findings are supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray microtomography (µ-CT analysis) images.
4
White, L. R., T. L. Tompkins, K. C. Hsieh, and D. D. Johnson. "Ceramic Filters for Hot Gas Cleanup." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906757.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reviews the properties of high-temperature ceramic fibers and relates why strength, thermal shock resistance, chemical inertness, and high-temperature capability are important properties for high-temperature filter media. The use of candle filters, fabric filters, and composite filters will be discussed for removal of particulates from hot gas streams in electrical power generation systems, metal refining, chemical processing, and Diesel engine exhaust applications.
5
Tatineni, Anuradha, Sonja L. Maki, and Nihal C. Rajapakse. "Growth Response and Carbohydrate Status of Gibberellin-treated Spectral Filter-grown Chrysanthemum Plants." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 522c—522. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.522c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Interest in the use of non- (or less) chemical methods to reduce the height of ornamental crops has increased tremendously. Manipulation of greenhouse light quality is one alternative for plant growth regulation. We have shown that eliminating far-red light from the greenhouse environment with liquid CuSO4 spectral filters is effective in reducing the height of a wide range of plants though plant carbohydrate status is also altered under CuSO4 filter. In previous studies, application of GA3 reversed both the reduction of plant height and carbohydrate status of CuSO4 spectral filter grown plants. It has been proposed that GAs enhance the activity of the enzyme sucrose phosphate synthase to regulate carbohydrate levels. In the present study the role of exogenously applied GA19, GA1, and GA3 in overcoming the reduction of plant height and carbohydrate levels was investigated. Chrysanthemum plants were treated weekly for 4 weeks with saturating doses of GA19, GA1 and GA3 (25 μg) or the growth retardants paclobutrazol and prohexadione. GA1 was also applied with paclobutrazol and prohexadione to assess whether response to GAs is altered under CuSO4 filter. GA1 and GA3 promoted growth similarly under control or CuSO4 filter. GA19 was least effective in promoting growth under CuSO4 filter. In summary, these results suggest that gibberellin physiology is altered under spectral filters with the conversion of GA19 a possible point of regulation. The correlation between the carbohydrate status and the growth of the plants will be discussed.
6
Talipova, M. V., A. V. Lyang, and N. V. Shcherbak. "Development of filter-sorbing materials for modern gas masks and respirators." FORESTRY BULLETIN 27, no. 1 (February 2023): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-1-121-133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article focuses on the study of filter-sorbing materials (FSM) for the development of small-sized filters and the formation of a modern filters range for gas masks and respirators. There are various kinds of filters, namely particle filters, consisting of a filter material (FM) with protection from aerosols; gas filters, consisting of coal charge with protection from various concentrations of dangerous gases and vapors and combined filters, including anti-aerosol and gas protection. But in industry, due to the improvement of working conditions at enterprises, personal respiratory protection equipment is needed both from aerosols and from low concentrations of dangerous gases and vapors in the air of the working area. The creation of a new small-sized filter with a single filter-sorbing element with low resistance to air flow during breathing is an actual task. In order to form an assortment of modern filters for gas masks and respirators, we studied FSM in the form of polymer or glass fibers sprayed with carbon particles. An experimental series of studies based on the use of FSMs with adsorbents has been carried out, activated carbon (AC) and various absorbers were obtained by impregnation of AC. It is determined that the impregnation of AC with special additives allows for additional protection from inorganic and acid gases and vapors, from ammonia. Comparative tests of the FSMs were carried out with the analysis of the research results. Optimal FSMs have been determined. The fractional composition of coal particles is determined depending on the method of their application. The sorption properties of the obtained FSMs are determined. In this work, for the first time, the combination of a filter material with AC impregnated with chemical additives in particle filters was tested and evaluated. The effect of a combination of AC and a fibrous semi-finished product on the properties of FSM has been studied.
7
Judkins, R. R., D. P. Stinton, R. G. Smith, E. M. Fischer, J. H. Eaton, B. L. Weaver, J. L. Kahnke, and D. J. Pysher. "Development of Ceramic Composite Hot-Gas Filters." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816675.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A novel type of hot-gas filter based on a ceramic fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix was developed and extended to full-size, 60-mm OD by 1.5-m-long, candle filters. A commercially viable process for producing the filters was developed, and the filters are undergoing testing and demonstration throughout the world for applications in pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants. Development activities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and at the 3M Company, and testing at the Westinghouse Science and Technology Center (STC) are presented. Demonstration tests at the Tidd PFBC are in progress. Issues identified during the testing and demonstration phases of the development are discussed. Resolution of the issues identified during testing and the status of commercialization of the filters are described.
8
Lu, Feng, Yafan Wang, Jinquan Huang, Yihuan Huang, and Xiaojie Qiu. "Fusing unscented Kalman filter for performance monitoring and fault accommodation in gas turbine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, no. 3 (December 12, 2016): 556–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016682269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Kalman filter is widely utilized for gas turbine health monitoring due to its simplicity, robustness, and suitability for real-time implementations. The most common Kalman filter for linear systems is linearized Kalman filter, and for nonlinear systems are extended Kalman filter and unscented Kalman filter. These algorithms have proven their capabilities to estimate gas turbine performance variations with a good accuracy, and the studies are done provided that all sensor measurements are available. In this paper, a nonlinear fusion approach with consistent diagnostic mechanism based on unscented Kalman filter is proposed, especially for gas turbine performance monitoring in the case of sensor failure. The architecture of fusion method comprises a set of local unscented Kalman filters and an information mixer. The local unscented Kalman filters are utilized to estimate health parameters of various component combinations, and the results are then transferred to the mixer for the integrated estimation of global health state in fusion structure. The consistent fault diagnosis and isolation logic is designed based on the fusion architecture and combined with the fusing unscented Kalman filter, called an improved fusing unscented Kalman filter. A systematic comparison of the generic linearized Kalman filter, extended Kalman filter, and unscented Kalman filter to their fusion filter kinds is presented for engine health estimation of gradual deterioration and abrupt fault. The studies show that the fusing unscented Kalman filter evidently outperforms the fusing linearized Kalman filter and fusing extended Kalman filter, while the fusing Kalman filters have slightly better estimation accuracy than the basic Kalman filters. In addition, the proposed methodology can reach the reliable performance monitoring with measurement uncertainty while the conventional Kalman filters collapse.
9
Ganguli, R. "Data Rectification and Detection of Trend Shifts in Jet Engine Path Measurements Using Median Filters and Fuzzy Logic." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 4 (September 24, 2002): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1470482.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Filtering methods are explored for removing noise from data while preserving sharp edges that many indicate a trend shift in gas turbine measurements. Linear filters are found to be have problems with removing noise while preserving features in the signal. The nonlinear hybrid median filter is found to accurately reproduce the root signal from noisy data. Simulated faulty data and fault-free gas path measurement data are passed through median filters and health residuals for the data set are created. The health residual is a scalar norm of the gas path measurement deltas and is used to partition the faulty engine from the healthy engine using fuzzy sets. The fuzzy detection system is developed and tested with noisy data and with filtered data. It is found from tests with simulated fault-free and faulty data that fuzzy trend shift detection based on filtered data is very accurate with no false alarms and negligible missed alarms.
10
Li, Hai Xia, and Bing Guang Gao. "Filtration Performance of Particle Removal from Gas with Ceramic Candle Filter." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A gas-particle separation system was established to study the filtration performance where twelve ceramic filters were divided into four groups. Filters in the same group will be cleaned by pulse back-flow at once. The pressure distribution and variation during filtration and pulse back-flow washing in four group filter and along filter length was measured. The main pressure drop occurs across the filter porous wall. The pressure at filter cavity decreases from the close end to open end of the candle filter. The gas velocity magnitude inside the filter system during filtration process is generally relatively low inside the vessel. The velocity increases as the gas passes across the filter walls and enters the outlet of the filter tube.
11
Cui, Fang-Xiao, Yue Zhao, An-Jing Wang, Feng-Xiang Ma, Jun Wu, Yang-Yu Li, Da-Cheng Li, and Wang-Chao Dong. "A Multi-Spectral Thermal Gas Detection Imager Using Uncooled Infrared Camera." Optics 3, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/opt3040040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gas remote detection is useful for early warning of gas leakage and toxic chemicals. Optical gas imaging (OGI) built with an uncooled infrared camera is superior to cooled detectors in terms of cost. Current mainstream OGI technologies fall short in their detection of gases at ambient temperature and their ability to classify multiple gases. A multi-spectral uncooled imager is developed to try to solve these problems, which is constructed from a commercial uncooled thermal camera and wide band filters. To solve filter self-radiation and unevenness, a correction method is devised, with an ambient temperature blackbody placed in front and subtracted from the measured image. Based on waveband cutoffs, filters are classified into target-sensitive filters and background filters. Multi-spectra are simulated according to wide band filter transmittance, which can be used in gas classification. A sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) experiment is conducted outdoors at a distance of 10 m. An SVM model is trained to classify gas release in real time. Detection with a cold sky background is improved with the aid of data cube differences in a time sequence. The SF6 outdoor experiment concluded with preliminary effective results of ambient temperature gas remote detection.
12
Li, Hai Xia, and Jiang Wei. "Flow Pattern in Ceramic Filter System for Particle Removal." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.309.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A gas-particle separation system was established to study the filtration performance where twelve ceramic filters were divided into four groups. Filters in same group will be cleaned by pulse back-flow at one time. The pressure distribution and variation during filtration and pulse back-flow washing in filter cavity and along filter length was measured. The main pressure drop occurs across the filter porous wall. The pressure at filter cavity decreases from the close end to open end of the candle filter. The gas velocity inside the filter system is generally relatively low in the vessel during filtration process.
13
Aizawa, Takafumi, and Yoshito Wakui. "Correlation between the Porosity and Permeability of a Polymer Filter Fabricated via CO2-Assisted Polymer Compression." Membranes 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120391.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A porous filter was fabricated by plasticizing polymer fibers with CO2, followed by pressing and adhering; then, its gas permeability, a basic physical property of filters, was measured using N2. The as-obtained filter was well compressed and expected to approximate a sintered porous material. Therefore, the fabricated filter was analyzed by applying the Darcy law, and the correlation between its gas permeability and porosity was clarified. The gas permeability decreased owing to both pore size and porosity reduction upon increasing the degree of compression, which is a feature of the CO2-assisted polymer compression method. In particular, without any contradiction of pore size data previously reported, the gas permeability was clearly determined by the filter porosity and pore size. This study can serve as a guide for designing filters via CO2-assisted polymer compression.
14
Ghofur, A., H. Isworo, R. Subagyo, M. Tamjidillah, R. Siswanto, Ma’ruf Ma’ruf, H. Purwanto, and Muchsin Muchsin. "Modelling study of flue gas flow pattern with pressure, amount and shape variation catalytic converter." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 103 (May 1, 2020): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1769.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse the modelling of exhaust gas flow patterns with variations in pressure, number, and shape of filters on the catalytic converter. Design/methodology/approach: The research method used is a simulation using ANSYS, which starts by creating a converter catalytic model with pressure variations: (0.5-1.5 atm), number of filters: (2-5), and the form of filter-cut/filter-not-cut. Findings: The decrease in velocity is caused by non-uniform velocity in the exhaust gas flow that occurs when passing through a bend in the filter-cut that serves as a directional flow to create turbulence. Filter-cut type tends to have fluctuating pressure, turbulence flow pattern shape so that contact between filter and exhaust gas is more effective. Based on the analysis of flow patterns, the speed and pressure of the 5 filter-not-cut design at a pressure of 0.5 are the best, while at pressure (1-1.5 atm) the type 5 filter-cut is the best. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited to filter-not-cut and filter-cut types with variations in the number of filters: 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the inlet pressure between 0.5-1 atm. Practical implications: The practical implications of this study are to find a catalytic converter design that has advantages in the effectiveness of exhaust gas absorption. Originality/value: The results show that the filter-not-cut and filter-cut types have the best effectiveness in the number of 5 filters. Filter-not-cut at the pressure of 0.5 atm and filter-cut at pressure (1-1.5 atm).
15
Kats, B. M., R. M. Dlubovskiy, and V. N. Shevchenko. "GAS SENSORS INDICATING FILTERS." Sensor Electronics and Microsystem Technologies 3, no. 3 (October 24, 2014): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/1815-7459.2006.3.112719.
Повний текст джерела
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Harmata, Władysław. "Testing filter elements for gas masks." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 201, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 464–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.3399.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contemporary threats to the natural environment due to atmospheric aerosols, including biological ones, are presented. The filtration process and practical solutions for the protection of the respiratory system against aerosols are characterized. The paper presents the results of tests on a flat filter card-board and a filter used in military gas filters for gas masks.
17
Li, Hai Xia, Zhi Jun Sun, Li Jun Zhao, and Zhan Xu Tie. "Filtration and Pulse Cleaning System for Particle Removal from Gas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.188.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The application of rigid ceramic filter for gas filtration on an industrial scale has shown unstable operation over periods of days. The behavior of the ceramic filtration in further application can be predict by measuring properties of a variety of dust and filtration operation condition. The aim of the experimental investigation is to analysis the pressure distribution inside and outside the ceramic filter along the filter length, and to analyze the pressure drop across the filter along the filter length. Ceramic filter filtration system composes multi-pipe filters for gas clean up is introduced. The operation parameters can be measured by this test system, such as the pressure in the filter cavity and outside the filter surface, velocity outside the filter, gas temperature and humidity, flow rate, dust particle size concentration before gad entering the filter tank and after the gas leaving the filer tank, the pulse cleaning pressure.
18
Gourlay, T., M. Gibbons, J. Fleming, and KM Taylor. "Performance characteristics of a new arterial line filter." Perfusion 2, no. 1 (January 1987): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765918700200104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new 40 micron polyester screen arterial line filter with integral automatic blood gas separator has been designed with the potential for improved removal characteristics for gas microbubbles and massive air. A simple in vitro evaluation has been carried out comparing the new filter (Pall EC+) against a standard widely-used reference arterial line filter (Pall EC 3840). The filters have been compared in terms of their haemodynamic performance, specifically pressure drop at incremental flow rates and haemolysis characteristics measuring generated plasma free haemoglobin. In addition, the relative abilities of the test and reference filters to remove gaseous microbubbles, and also to vent massive air introduced into the test circuits have been assessed using an ultrasound based microbubble detection system. The results of the studies indicate that the test and reference filters are identical in terms of haemodynamics, with maximal pressure drops of 30 mmHg at 4-5 litres mean flow rate. Neither filter is associated with significant haemolysis in bovine blood test circuits flowing at 4 I/min for 60 minutes. However, the EC+ filter has significantly superior performance over the reference EC 3840 filter in both microbubble removal and in removal of nitrogen gas introduced directly into the test circuit at up to 5 litres gas/min ( p < 0.01). The new EC+ filter appears to offer safety in terms of haemodynamics and haemolysis, while providing maximal protection against massive arterial gas embolism.
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Jung, Seojin, and Jooyoun Kim. "Advanced Design of Fiber-Based Particulate Filters: Materials, Morphology, and Construction of Fibrous Assembly." Polymers 12, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081714.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With increasing air pollution and sporadic outbreaks of epidemics, there is ramping attention on the filtration devices. The main constituents of airborne pollutants are particulate matters of solid particles, liquid aerosol, bioaerosol/bio-droplets, and gas/vapor. With the growing demand for high-performance filters, novel materials and functionalities are being developed applying advanced technologies. In this paper, recent developments of fiber-based particulate filters are reviewed, with a focus on the important performance parameters and material properties. Trends in technology and research activities are briefly reviewed, and the evaluative measures of filtration performance are reported. Recent studies on the advanced filter materials are reviewed in the aspect of polymers and the fabrication process of fibrous assembly. The characterization method including 3D modeling and simulation is also briefly introduced. Multifunctional filters such as antimicrobial filter and gas and particulate filters are briefly introduced, and efforts for developing environmentally sustainable filters are noted.
20
Dong, Rui, Zhiqing Zhang, Yanshuai Ye, Huiqiong Huang, and Chao Cao. "Review of Particle Filters for Internal Combustion Engines." Processes 10, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050993.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Diesel engines have gradually become one of the main forces in the human transportation industry because of their high efficiency, good durability, and stable operation. However, compared with gasoline vehicles, the high emission of diesel vehicles forces manufacturers to introduce new pollutant control technologies. Although the particulate matter emissions of gasoline vehicles are lower than that of diesel vehicles, with the popularity of gasoline vehicles and the continuous rise of power, the impact of these particles on the environment cannot be ignored. Therefore, diesel particulate filters and gasoline particulate filters have been invented to collect the fine particles in the exhaust gas to protect the environment and meet increasingly stringent emission regulations. This paper summarizes the research progress on diesel particulate filters and gasoline particulate filters at present and comprehensively introduces the diesel particulate filter and gasoline particulate filter from the mechanism, composition, and operation processes. Additionally, the laws and regulations of various countries and the impact of gas waste particulates on the human body are described. In addition, the mechanisms of the diesel particulate filter, gasoline particulate filter, and regeneration were studied. Finally, the prospects and future directions for the development of particle filters for internal combustion engines are presented.
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Fatkhuniam, Agus, M. Burhan Rubai Wijaya, and Angga Septiyanto. "Perbandingan Penggunaan Filter Udara Standar dan Racing Terhadap Performa dan Emisi Gas Buang Mesin Sepeda Motor Empat Langkah." Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/dinamika.v3i2.21410.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research aims to determine the performance increase of using racing air filters compared to standard air filters on a four-stroke vehicle. Performance being tested are power, torque and exhaust emissions. This is an experimental research conducted on a Honda Supra X 125 PGM-FI motorcycle. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the collection is presented in the form of tables, graphs, and calculated averages. Results show that racing air filter 1 have a power of 7.35 HP (2.3% increase) and racing air filter 2 have a power of 7,3 HP (1.6% increase). The torque tests shows that Racing filter 1 has a torque of 10,588 Nm and the racing air filter 2 has a torque of 10,585 Nm, while standard filter has only 10.42 Nm. CO gas emissions resulting from the use of racing air filters 1 increased by 28% from standard air filters and for racing air filter 2 CO 2 emissions decreased by 6%. At the exhaust emissions of HC, racing air filters 1 emissions increased by 16% and racing air filter 2 decreased by 9%. Penelitian ini bertujan untuk membuktikan adanya perbedaan filter udara racing dengan filter udara standar terhadap performa kendaraan empat langkah, berupa daya, torsi dan emisi gas buang. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen pada sepeda motor Supra X 125 PGM-FI. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dengan penyajian data berupa tabel, grafik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bhawa perhitungan rata-rata. sebesar 7,35 Hp dengan meningkat 2,3% dan filter udara racing 2 meningkat sebesar 1,6 % menjadi 7,3 HP dibandingkan dari hasil filter udara standar sebesar 7,18 Hp, torsi filter udara racing 1 meningkat sebesar 1,6% menjadi 10,588 N.m dan filter udara racing 2 meningkat 1,5% menjadi 10,585 N.m dibandingkan hasil dari penggunaan filter standar sebesar 10,42 N.m. Emisi gas buang CO yang dihasilkan dari penggunaan filter udara racing 1 meningkatan 28% dari filter udara standar 0,803% menjadi 1,034% dan CO filter udara racing 2 ada penurunan 6% menjadi 0,754% dari CO filter udara standar 0,803%, dengan selisih perbedaan 0,231% dan 0,049% dari penggunaan filter udara standar. Pada emisi gas buang HC filter udara racing 1 terdapat peningkatan sebesar 16% menjadi 142 ppm dari hasil filter standar dan penurunan 9% dari penggunaan filter udara racing 2 sebesar 111 ppm dibandingkan HC yang dihasilkan filter standar sebesar 122 ppm, dengan selisih 20 ppm dan 11 ppm dari HC yang dihasilkan filter udara standar.
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Zinurov, V. E., R. Ja Bikkulov, A. V. Dmitriev, O. S. Dmitrieva, and A. N. Nikolaev. "Determination of the design velocity of the gas flow in coarse and fine filters with varying degrees of contamination in the paint booths." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 24, no. 5 (December 8, 2022): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-5-3-12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
OBJECT. Determination of the design velocity of the gas flow in coarse and fine filters with varying degrees of contamination. METHODS. We carried experimental studies out to solve the problem. To exclude errors during the studies caused by marriage or other reasons, 3 samples of each of the coarse and fine filters (clean and used) were used. To determine the design speed, an experimental installation was assembled, presented in the work, which included an air duct, an air injection fan, a nozzle for measuring excess pressure in front of the filter under study, an air vent hole, filter samples, a ventilation grate and measuring instruments – a differential pressure gauge testo 510i and an anemometer testo 405i. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, analyzes the change in the pressure drop in the duct when using spent and clean coarse and fine filters. They showed that an increase in their operational life is possible with the use of a multi-vortex separator, which can be installed as a preliminary stage of purification. CONCLUSION. The estimated gas flow velocity when using coarse filters is only 2 m/s. The estimated gas flow velocity when using fine filters is only 0.5 m/s. A comparison of the difference in the pressure drop in the duct when using coarse and fine (spent and clean) filters shows that coarse filters are more susceptible to dusty flow, i.e. the bulk of particles in the dusty flow at an enterprise with paint chambers are relatively large particles. Hydraulic resistance increases by 1.58 times.
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Yi, Jiangang, Jiayi Duan, Rui Yuan, Wen Bo, and Xiaolong Ruan. "Modeling and Cleaning Performance Optimization of Conical Filter Cartridge of Gas Turbine Intake Filter." Processes 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2023): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11092584.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intake quality is crucial to gas turbines’ operation. The cartridge filter in the gas turbine intake system filters the gas and outputs a highly clean gas into the gas turbine, while pulse cleaning technology ensures the continuous and efficient operation of cartridge filters. While the current cylindrical pleated filter cartridge used in pulse cleaning usually suffers from insufficient upper cleaning, the conical pleated filter cartridge can effectively solve this issue by providing a greater upper cleaning area with significant application prospects. Despite the existing potential, research on conical filter cartridge cleaning performance is limited; thus, this paper aims to investigate the advantages of pulse cleaning using a conical filter cartridge via numerical simulation. Results demonstrate that while the conical filter cartridge enhances the cleaning strength, cleaning uniformity decreases slightly. To address this shortcoming, this paper innovatively proposes a combination of scattering nozzles and conical filter cartridges to explore the impact of the installation position of scattering nozzles on the cleaning. The modeling and cleaning performance analysis in our research illustrates that the optimal cleaning effect can be achieved under specific conditions when the scattering nozzle is installed parallel to the conical filter cartridge’s inlet. The research work in this paper provides a solution for optimizing the pulse cleaning performance of conical filter cartridges.
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Samokhvalov, N. M., and V. V. Vinogradov. "Efficiency of dusted gas cleaning using a slotted filter." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 12, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-2-339-348.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The cleaning of industrial gases from dust is one of the most significant current environmental protection problems. The search for new, more advanced and effective ways to clean dust gases and dust collector designs is based on the diversity of technological conditions for dust formation, the physicochemical properties of gases and trapped particles, and an increase in technical and economic requirements for cleaning processes. When cleaning hot or chemically aggressive gases and capturing abrasive dust, the use of electrostatic precipitators, bag, fibrous and granular filters is often associated with difficulties in protecting the devices from harmful factors or ensuring sufficient cleaning efficiency. The design features of slotted filters permit their use in solving such problems. An engineering method for calculating slotted filters developed on the basis of theoretical ideas and experimental studies is used to model and design slotted filters with specified performance indicators to ensure high cleaning efficiency and low hydraulic resistance. This technique is based on theoretical patterns of filtration using basic dust particle deposition mechanisms on isolated cylinders in relation to the stationary stage of the filtration process. A computer program that simulates the process of cleaning dusty gases in slotted filters has been developed. This makes it possible to determine the optimal operating parameters, design dimensions and regeneration conditions of slotted filters based on a specified cleaning efficiency and hydraulic resistance, taking into account the properties of dust and gas during prolonged continuous operation of the filter.
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Ikhwahyudin, Afrizal, Kemas Ridhuan, and Eko Nugroho. "Pengaruh cyclone dan peletakannya terhadap karakteristik gasifikasi dengan menggunakan filter zeolit alam." ARMATUR : Artikel Teknik Mesin & Manufaktur 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/armatur.v2i1.741.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The gas product from the gasification process contains tar content that is not thermally appropriately degraded before it leaves the reactor; for efficiency, the gasification process must go through filtering or separation using filters and cyclones. This process is essential because of the increase in the gas producer's energy density through the syn-gas filtering and purification process or syn-gas combustion. This study aimed to determine the effect of the cyclone and its placement on the combustion characteristics of gasification using natural zeolite filters, the length of time for the product gas, and how much cyclones and filters can separate tar in updraft type gasification process. In this study, the gasification process uses an updraft type reactor, biomass fuel using rubberwood, filters using natural zeolite media, and adding a coolant (condenser). Testing by varying the addition and placement of the cyclone position. The test results show that the use of cyclone variations does not affect the Temperatur in the reactor. A cyclone's effect using a natural zeolite filter on the characteristics of the combustion product (flame) is very large; namely, the color of the fire is bluish and clean with little smoke and the size of the flame coming out of the burner. The effect of a series of cyclones and natural zeolite filters on the flame duration of Syn-Gas on the burner is ± 44 minutes. Without using the cyclone series, the flame time in the burner only reaches ± 28 minutes. The tar that can be separated by the burner and filter without using a cyclone is 381 grams, and the tar that is separated by the cyclone in the cyclone series after the condenser can accommodate as much as 450 grams.
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Kang, Yue Yi, Yan Ju Wang, Li Kun Yang, and Yu Tian Wang. "Difference Absorption Optical Fiber Methane Gas Sensor Based on FBG ." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.580.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, based on analysis of the near infrared spectral absorption of methane molecule and considering factors such as compatibility with the transmission characteristics of silica optical fiber and the price, using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) filters to replace the the traditional interference filter, a novel kind of all-fiber remote sensor utilizing FBG filters and 1.33μm high power light-emitting diode (LED) was developed for real time measurement of methane gas concentration. FBG has a low insert loss and can be produced easily compared with dielectric interference filters. Theory and experiment proved that the system has simple construct and high sensibility.
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Li, Hai Xia, and Zhan Xu Tie. "Numerical Simulation of Gas Purification by Filtration with Ceramic Filter." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 1520–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1520.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The numerical simulation method is used to analyze the process of gas purification with ceramic filters. The gas /solid two-phase flow field in the ceramic filter vessel was simulated using the Eulerian two-fluid model provided by FLUENT code. The variations of the pressure distribution in the filter cavity were analyzed. The distribution of the dust cake density along the under cleaning filter length was studied.
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Chigarev, V., and Yu Logvinov. "Closed ventilation and filtering system for cleaning of welding aerosols at deposition." Problems of tribology 99, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-99-1-28-32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article the questions of development of construction of the closed ventilation and filtering system (CVFS) are considered on cleaning of air-gas mixture at deposition. The offered system consists of gas in-take, filters, containers for assembling of hard parts, hard constituent of welding aerosol (TSSA), by the gaseous constituent of welding aerosol (GSSA) and corps, special vent system with adjusting of speed and volume of extraction. Conducted research for cleaning of welding aerosols (SA) at deposition of high wear proof alloys of type of sormite with the use of the CVFS. Special CVFS is used, filters in particular mechanical, electric, chemical (sorption). Extraction of air-gas mixture from the area of melting of electrode and welding bath of is carried out by the pipe of small diameter, with adjusting of speed and volume of extraction passes the system of filtration the special vent system where clears up from TSSA. Thus cleared gas mixture is used as gas defense at depositing. It is necessary it is not simple to catch SA, but to filter in the closed system, clean and give filtered clean y air in the area of deposition, technology and metallurgical properties of process of depositing must not be broken here. Features of the mechanical cleaning are in technologies of deposition, characterized that air-gas mixture has a temperature which influences on a sorbent. The mechanical cleaning by the centrifugal chamber of cleaning (CCC) is the modernized cyclone filter where centrifugal forces and gravities were used. Differs from existent cyclic filters a presence by a conical spiral insertion and rearranged surface of cone which engulfs it. In the entrance tangential union coupling appears, divided aero mixture into a few streams of entered in a spiral insertion. In the electric filter (electrostatic) electric forces operate on particles and gas molecules (based on the phenomena ionization of gas molecules, by an electric charge in the electric field). An electric charge is revealed to the particles, and they under the action of the electric field are besieged from a gas stream. If such gas, containing the several of transmitters of charges, to place between electrodes, connected with the source of high voltage, ions and electrons will begin to move to on power the field lines . This is important during neutralization of GSSA
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Wilcox, Melissa, Rainer Kurz, and Klaus Brun. "Technology Review of Modern Gas Turbine Inlet Filtration Systems." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/128134.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An inlet air filtration system is essential for the successful operation of a gas turbine. The filtration system protects the gas turbine from harmful debris in the ambient air, which can lead to issues such as FOD, erosion, fouling, and corrosion. These issues if not addressed will result in a shorter operational life and reduced performance of the gas turbine. Modern day filtration systems are comprised of multiple filtration stages. Each stage is selected based on the local operating environment and the performance goals for the gas turbine. Selection of these systems can be a challenging task. This paper provides a review of the considerations for selecting an inlet filtration system by covering (1) the characteristics of filters and filter systems, (2) a review of the many types of filters, (3) a detailed look at the different environments where the gas turbine can operate, (4) a process for evaluating the site where the gas turbine will be or is installed, and (5) a method to compare various filter system options with life cycle cost analysis.
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Nonaka, Tatsuo, Kikuo Takeda, Reiko Iikawa, Toshikazu Taira, Taketoshi Fujimoto, and Taketoshi Nakahara. "Evaluation of Chemical Filters Using Wafer Exposure Method and Experimental FFU." Journal of the IEST 46, no. 1 (September 14, 2003): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.46.1.y2510660g86310j3.
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Airborne molecular contaminants (AMCs) have become a serious problem with recent advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology. The use of chemical filters to remove AMCs in cleanrooms is critical for improving the yield of semiconductor devices. The experimental FFU is designed for the evaluation of chemical filters. Silicon wafers exposed in the downstream air of chemical filters in the experimental FFU were investigated by Wafer Thermal Desorption—Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (WTD-GC-MS). Organic contaminants caused by outgassing from the chemical filter were detected on the surface of the silicon wafer and compared among various chemical filters. Results showed that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from chemical filters adsorbed on the surface of silicon wafers located downstream of the filters. It was also found that the organic contamination on the surface was related to the amount of outgassing from the chemical filters. In addition, the rates of decrease of organic contamination emitted from various ULPA filters were compared using the experimental FFU. The rate of decrease of organic contamination emitted from the low-outgassing ULPA filter was also superior to that of the normal ULPA filter.
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Newby, R. A., T. E. Lippert, M. A. Alvin, G. J. Burck, and Z. N. Sanjana. "Status of Westinghouse Hot Gas Filters for Coal and Biomass Power Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 121, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several advanced, coal and biomass-based combustion turbine power generation technologies using solid fuels (IGCC, PFBC, Topping-PFBC, HIPPS) are currently under development and demonstration. A key developing technology in these power generation systems is the hot gas filter. These power generation technologies must utilize highly reliable and efficient hot gas filter systems if their full thermal efficiency and cost potential is to be realized. This paper reviews the recent test and design progress made by Westinghouse in the development and demonstration of hot gas ceramic barrier filters toward the goal of reliability. The objective of this work is to develop and qualify, through analysis and testing, practical hot gas ceramic barrier filter systems that meet the performance and operational requirements for these applications.
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Nault, Benjamin A., Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, Hongyu Guo, Duseong S. Jo, Anne V. Handschy, Demetrios Pagonis, et al. "Interferences with aerosol acidity quantification due to gas-phase ammonia uptake onto acidic sulfate filter samples." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 6193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6193-2020.
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Abstract. Measurements of the mass concentration and chemical speciation of aerosols are important to investigate their chemical and physical processing from near emission sources to the most remote regions of the atmosphere. A common method to analyze aerosols is to collect them onto filters and analyze the filters offline; however, biases in some chemical components are possible due to changes in the accumulated particles during the handling of the samples. Any biases would impact the measured chemical composition, which in turn affects our understanding of numerous physicochemical processes and aerosol radiative properties. We show, using filters collected onboard the NASA DC-8 and NSF C-130 during six different aircraft campaigns, a consistent, substantial difference in ammonium mass concentration and ammonium-to-anion ratios when comparing the aerosols collected on filters versus an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). Another online measurement is consistent with the AMS in showing that the aerosol has lower ammonium-to-anion ratios than obtained by the filters. Using a gas uptake model with literature values for accommodation coefficients, we show that for ambient ammonia mixing ratios greater than 10 ppbv, the timescale for ammonia reacting with acidic aerosol on filter substrates is less than 30 s (typical filter handling time in the aircraft) for typical aerosol volume distributions. Measurements of gas-phase ammonia inside the cabin of the DC-8 show ammonia mixing ratios of 45±20 ppbv, consistent with mixing ratios observed in other indoor environments. This analysis enables guidelines for filter handling to reduce ammonia uptake. Finally, a more meaningful limit of detection for University of New Hampshire Soluble Acidic Gases and Aerosol (SAGA) filters collected during airborne campaigns is ∼0.2 µg sm−3 of ammonium, which is substantially higher than the limit of detection of ion chromatography. A similar analysis should be conducted for filters that collect inorganic aerosol and do not have ammonia scrubbers and/or are handled in the presence of human ammonia emissions.
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Özyalcin, Can, Peter Mauermann, Steffen Dirkes, Paul Thiele, Stefan Sterlepper, and Stefan Pischinger. "Investigation of Filtration Phenomena of Air Pollutants on Cathode Air Filters for PEM Fuel Cells." Catalysts 11, no. 11 (November 6, 2021): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11111339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Filtration of cathode air is one of the challenges in operating proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The poisoning with air contaminants can lead to rapid performance degradation and initiate an aging process of the fuel cell. Various commercially available cathode filters are being tested in a laboratory gas test bench within the research project X-EMU (03B10502B and 03B10502B2). A literature review of harmful gas contaminants in the air used for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode side was conducted. Experimental investigations took place at 40 °C with synthetic humid air containing low concentration contaminants such as ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and toluene. Test durations varied from 3 to 24 h depending on the filtration efficiency. Each gas contaminant showed different reactions with the investigated filters. The filters did not let sulfur-containing components pass. However, carbon monoxide could not be filtrated by any of the tested filters. The filtration of nitrogen oxides was not efficient for all tested filters, while additional filter materials were essential for a successful filtration of ammonia. Comparative results lead to a discussion of possible effects on a fuel cell with an outlook on optimization of the filtration behavior.
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Zhang, Deman, Lujing Zhang, Juntao Zhao, Bin Li, and Peng Deng. "Study on CO emission during DOC assisted DPF regeneration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2551, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2551/1/012019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Diesel particulate filters is the most effective post-treatment device used to reduce diesel exhaust particulate emissions. As the amount of particulate matter captured in the diesel particulate filter continues to increase, the exhaust pressure of the diesel engine gradually increases, thereby affecting the power performance of the diesel engine. Therefore, when the particulate matter capture amount reaches a certain value, the diesel particulate matter filter needs to be regenerated. Regeneration of diesel particulate filters will produce secondary pollution, of which CO is one of the most important secondary pollution. In this paper, the CO generation mechanism and influencing factors in the regeneration process of diesel particulate filters are analyzed. The effects of exhaust pressure and exhaust flow on CO emission during regeneration are measured through experiments. The results show that when the exhaust back pressure is greater than 80kPa, the CO solubility in the exhaust gas increases rapidly, and decreases linearly with the increase of exhaust flow during regeneration. Therefore, in order to reduce the solubility of CO in tail gas during regeneration of diesel particulate filters, the exhaust back pressure shall be less than 80kPa and the exhaust flow shall be as high as possible.
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Thieringer, Julia R. D., Nicolas Hafen, Jörg Meyer, Mathias J. Krause, and Achim Dittler. "Investigation of the Rearrangement of Reactive–Inert Particulate Structures in a Single Channel of a Wall-Flow Filter." Separations 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9080195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wall-flow filters are a standard component in exhaust gas aftertreatment and have become indispensable in vehicles. Ash and soot particles generated during engine combustion are deposited in diesel or gasoline particulate filters. During regeneration, the soot particles are oxidized. The remaining ash particles can form different deposition patterns: a homogenous layer or plug-end filling. It has not yet been clarified whether the plug-end filling is first formed by rearrangements of agglomerates before and during the regeneration of the reactive particles. In this study, experiments are carried out with a single channel of a wall-flow filter. For the investigations, a layer of inert and reactive particles is formed. The rearrangement of agglomerates is achieved by flowing through the model filter channel and observed with a high-speed camera. The particulate structures detach at the channel inlet, are transported along the channel and deposited at the plug. The velocity of the detached agglomerates depends on their size, shape, track and the gas velocity in the channel. If the agglomerate is near the walls of the model filter channel, the gas velocity deviates from the gas velocity in the core flow. The higher the gas velocity, the higher the agglomerate velocity achieved and the larger the detached agglomerates.
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Viertiö, Tyko, Viivi Kivelä, Matti Putkonen, Johanna Kihlman, and Pekka Simell. "Atomic Layer Deposition Coated Filters in Catalytic Filtration of Gasification Gas." Catalysts 11, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11060688.
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Steel filter discs were catalytically activated by ALD, using a coating of supporting Al2O3 layer and an active NiO layer for gas cleaning. Prepared discs were tested for model biomass gasification and gas catalytic filtration to reduce or eliminate the need for a separate reforming unit for gasification gas tars and lighter hydrocarbons. Two different coating methods were tested. The method utilizing the stop-flow setting was shown to be the most suitable for the preparation of active and durable catalytic filters, which significantly decreases the amount of tar compounds in gasification gas. A pressure of 5 bar and temperatures of over 850 °C are required for efficient tar reforming. In optimal conditions, applying catalytic coating to the filter resulted in a seven-fold naphthalene conversion increase from 7% to 49%.
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Jensen, David, and Susan Goldsmith. "Evaluation of Critical Gas-Line Filters." Journal of the IEST 30, no. 6 (November 1, 1987): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.30.6.d218744692jk0t27.
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Gas-line filters are in widespread use in critical semiconductor manufacturing equipment and process lines. In this study, we developed accurate test methods for evaluation of these filters for particulate cleanliness during both steady flow and mechanical shock. Each test method and apparatus is described, and choice of testing conditions are discussed. Filters from four major manufacturers were evaluated and the data are shown and compared.
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Salenieks, S. E., and J. G. Henry. "Response of Anaerobic Filters to Toxic Organics." Water Quality Research Journal 21, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 547–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1986.047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The intent of this study was to evaluate the influence of four toxic organic chemicals, namely phenol, benzene, chloroform and pentachlorophenol, on the performance of an anaerobic filter system. Four anaerobic filters, with an empty bed volume of 3.0 litres, were operated at room temperature for approximately 145 days at a detention time of 10.8 hours. A synthetic waste with a COD of 670 mg/L was fed to each filter initially until steady-state conditions prevailed. When this was achieved, each filter was then fed one of the toxic chemicals at a low concentration considered unlikely to cause inhibition to anaerobic microorganisms. The concentration of each chemical was then increased slowly to allow the microorganisms to become acclimated to the toxicant. Process failure occurred when the concentration of chemicals became inhibitory, resulting in poor COD removal, low or zero gas production, and high volatile acids concentrations in the effluent. The inhibitory chemical was the removed from the influent, and the recovery pattern for each filter was noted. The results from this study indicated that pentachlorophenol and chloroform in the influent waste affected the performance of the anaerobic filter more adversely than either phenol or benzene. Pentachlorophenol concentrations of 4 mg/L and chloroform concentrations of 5 mg/L caused the anaerobic filter to show irreversible toxicity, with a dramatic decrease in gas production and COD removal efficiency. From 35 to 40 days were required for these filters to recover to a stable operation. A phenol concentration of 151 mg/L and a benzene concentration of 58 mg/L caused partial inhibition to the anaerobic filters, with recovery occurring within days of the toxicant removal.
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Hu, Dan Hua, Zhao Xiong Zeng, Jing Song Meng, and Chang Hua Zhang. "Implementation of the Variable Center Frequency Band-Pass Filter Based on FPGA." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 642–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.642.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Digital band-pass filters play a very important role in instrument design. For some special applications, such as corrosion inspection of buried oil or gas pipeline, more than one band-pass filter with different center frequencies are needed to process different frequency signals. FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) are widely used in these applications because of its high compute velocity and flexibility. For low cost and high reliability purposes, it is expected that one digital filter with a fixed configuration parameters can serve as multi different center frequency digital filter. In this paper a design method is proposed to realize two different center frequency band-pass filters which have the same filtering effect. Through analysis of design process for FIR band-pass filter, it’s easy to find that if the ratios (filter’ sample rate of input data to its cut-off frequency) of two filters keep equal, the normalized frequency will also equal. Thus according to this, two band-pass filters can have the same coefficients only if they have the same ratio of sample rate to cut-off frequency. This relationship is discussed here and MATLAB experiment is used to prove its effectiveness. This method is already used to design filters in pipeline current mapper instrument to inspect pipeline corrosion.
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Koch, Dietrich, Jonathan Seville, and Roland Clift. "Dusk cake detachment from gas filters." Powder Technology 86, no. 1 (January 1996): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(95)03033-6.
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Goryachev, I. K. "Unit gas loads on bag filters." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 34, no. 12 (December 1998): 747–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02418291.
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Moghadam, Hesam Zendehdel, Babak Kheirkhah, and Ashraf Kariminik. "Ethylene Removal by Bio-filters in order to Increase Storage Life of Bananas." International Journal of Life Sciences 9, no. 5 (June 14, 2015): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12696.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ethylene gas is the simplest plant hormone and cause a variety of physiological effects in plants. This hormone is known as the hormone of aging, due to the hormonal effect on fruit maturation, leaf loss and separation of the fruit from the branches, changing color as fruit maturation because of chlorophyll loss, fruit firmness. Increased ethylene in fruit storage media creates the right conditions for growth of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the removal of ethylene by bio-filters to extend the shelf-life of fruits was studied at laboratory scale. Samples were evaluated organoleptic (sensory) and after preparing the best filter, filter efficient were used scale of operation (used in fruit cartons). Removal of ethylene gas by Gas chromatograph system showed that the amount of gas passing through the column 4 substrates including active sludge, peat wood chips, humus with organic soil was 0.6528 ml (ethylene) / L (air) in comparison to the other columns, and control sample. Results showed that the bio-filters with isolated bacteria in this study can be used to the removal of ethylene gas and increase shelf life of fruit postharvest storage conditions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12696
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Liu, Xu Dong, and Xiao Guo Bi. "Modeling of Pressure Drop in a 3-D Network Ceramic Diesel Particulate Filter." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1924.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) provide probably the most effective means of trapping the exhaust emitted particulates from diesel engines. Three-dimension network ceramic filters become a promising alternative to the conventional wall flow filters, since they are effective in filtering small sized particles and provide a large specific surface area for catalytic coating. A mathematical model of pressure drop for a three-dimension network ceramic DPFs is developed. The model calculates the pressure drop of a filter as a function of the geometric filtering properties, operating conditions and structure of trapping. The calculated pressure drops of a filter agree well with the experimental results. The pressure drop of DPFs increases linearly with increasing trap length, and there is a nonlinear relationship between the exhaust gas mass flow rate and pressure drop. For optimized traps, the pressure drops are much lower than those of the filters with a unitary trap structure.
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Ehteshamuddin, Mohammed, Jebreel M. Salem, and Dong Sam Ha. "Design of High Temperature Combline Band-pass Filters for Downhole Communications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, HiTEC (January 1, 2016): 000312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016-hitec-312.
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Abstract The decline of easily accessible reserves pushes the oil and gas industry to drill deeper to explore previously untapped wells. Temperatures in these wells can exceed 210 °C. Cooling and conventional heat extraction techniques are impractical in such a harsh environment. Reliable electronic designs that can sustain high temperature become necessary. This paper presents RF and IF microstrip combline band-pass filters for downhole communications, which can reliably operate up to 250 °C. Both filters are prototyped on a Rogers RO4003C substrate. Measured results at 250 °C show that the RF and IF filters have insertion losses of 4.53 dB and 3.45 dB, respectively. Both filters have stable performance at high temperatures. The maximum insertion loss variation with temperature for the RF filter is 1.88 dB, and bandwidth variation is 1.3 MHz. The maximum insertion loss variation with temperature for the IF filter is 1.48 dB, and bandwidth variation is 0.4 MHz. Return loss for the RF filter is more than 12 dB, and for the IF filter more than 10 dB in the passband. This paper also describes a simple method to find spacing between coupled symmetrical microstrip lines of a combline filter.
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Wang, Liang, Lingyan Cui, Yongsheng Liu, Johanna Riedel, Xiaoming Qian, and Yong Liu. "Electrospun polyimide nanofiber-coated polyimide nonwoven fabric for hot gas filtration." Adsorption Science & Technology 36, no. 9-10 (October 18, 2018): 1734–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617418807111.
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In the present work, heat-endurable polyimide nanofibrous membrane-coated commercial polyimide nonwoven fabrics were prepared by electrospinning synthesized polyamic acid solution on polyimide mats followed by a thermal imidization process. Polyimide synthesized was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis tests. A higher viscosity of precursor solution resulted in a nanofibrous network coated on the nonwoven fabrics. The coated filter showed lower dimension of pores and greater portion of small pores. The proportion of pores less than 10 µm reached as high as 71.2%. PM2.5 removal efficiency was increased from 81.4 to 97.2%. However, the pressure drop of air flow over the filters did not show significant changes. It suggested a facile method to improve the filtration performance of commercial polyimide nonwoven fabric filters.
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Idwasi, Patrick O., Gary W. Small, Roger J. Combs, Robert B. Knapp, and Robert T. Kroutil. "Multiple Filtering Strategy for the Automated Detection of Ethanol by Passive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 55, no. 11 (November 2001): 1544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702011953784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Digital filtering methods are evaluated for use in the automated detection of ethanol from passive Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) data collected during laboratory and open-air remote sensing experiments. In applications in which analyte signals are overwhelmed by the overlapping signals of an interference, the use of multiple digital filters is observed to improve the sensitivity of the analyte detection. The detection strategy is based on the application of bandpass digital filters to short segments of the interferogram data collected by the FT-IR spectrometer. To implement the automated detection of a target analyte, the filtered interferogram segments are supplied as input to piecewise linear discriminant analysis. Through the use of a set of training data, discriminants are computed that can subsequently be applied to detect the presence of the analyte in an automated manner. This research focuses on the detection of ethanol vapor in the presence of an ammonia interference. A two-filter detection strategy based on the use of separate ethanol and ammonia filters is compared to an approach based on a single ethanol filter. Bandpass parameters of the digital filters and the interferogram segment location are optimized through the use of laboratory data in which ethanol and ammonia vapors are generated in a gas cell and viewed against various infrared background radiances. The filter and segment parameters obtained through this optimization are subsequently tested with field remote sensing data collected when the spectrometer is allowed to view ethanol and ammonia plumes generated from a heated stack. The two-filter strategy is found to outperform the single-filter approach with both the laboratory and field data in situations in which the ammonia interference dominates the ethanol signature.
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Jonsson, Lena, Elzbieta Plaza, and Bengt Hultman. "Experiences of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in deep-bed filters in the Stockholm area." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Experimental studies of nutrient removal in a discontinuous downflow two-media filter on a pilot plant scale are described and compared with previously reported results from a continuous upflow filter (DynaSand) studied at full scale. Under controlled conditions both filters show low effluent values of total nitrogen and phosphorus. Removal mechanisms were more complex in the discontinuous downflow filter owing to the use of two media, deposition of sludge on the filter surface, and changes of the biological activity over time after backwashing. The discontinuous downflow filter was much influenced by the formation of nitrogen gas bubbles clogging the filter, while the influence of nitrogen gas formation in the DynaSand filter was minor. Multivariate methods were used to evaluate factors influencing nitrate and phosphate removal and the time passing before the filter became clogged.
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Al-Hajeri, M. H., A. Aroussl, K. Simmons, and S. J. Pickering. "A parametric study of filtration through a ceramic candle filter." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 219, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765005x6908.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ceramic candle filters have been developed for cleaning high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) gas streams. They meet environmental and economical considerations in combined cycle power plant, where gas turbine blades can be protected from the erosion resulting from the use of HTHP exhaust from the fluidized bed. Ceramic candle filters are the most promising hot gas filtration technology and have demonstrated high collection efficiencies at high-temperature high-pressure conditions. This paper reports a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation of a candle filter in cross-flow arrangement. The aim is to increase understanding of the deposition process and the factors that affect the build-up of the filter cake. A parametric investigation is undertaken, with particular emphasis on the effects of the ratio of the approach cross-flow velocity to filter face velocity on the deposition pattern as a function of the particle size (1–300 μm). Velocity fields and particle tracks are presented, in addition to the radius of convergence which is a parameter that characterizes the deposition process for each flow regime. Furthermore, a method has been developed for predicting filter cake growth using CFD and particle deposits distributed around the filter element surface uniformly for particle sizes below 50 μm. The paper contains a potential flow solution for the flow around a single porous filter element in cross-flow.
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Burazer, Milenko, Milinko Grbović, and Vicko Žitko. "Magnetic data processing for hydrocarbon exploration in the Pannonian Basin, Yugoslavia." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 6 (November 2001): 1669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1486769.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Because magnetic minerals may directly indicate the presence of oil and gas deposits, magnetic methods are applied to hydrocarbon exploration in oil‐bearing sedimentary basins. The basic problem in applying these methods is the isolation of weak magnetic anomalies sourced by low concentrations of the magnetic minerals present. These weak anomalies are often masked by much stronger magnetic anomalies caused by underlying magnetic rocks and/or by rocks in the basin sediments. Weak local anomalies can efficiently be isolated by applying selective 1‐D digital frequency filters. The method of filtering has been checked by data obtained using simple models of magnetic sources and using a model representative of the local geology in our study area in the southern Pannonian basin, Yugoslavia, The magnetic field frequency content was analyzed by applying the power spectral density estimation, using the maximum entropy method. The digital filters were designed using the window function method. The best results were obtained by the Kaiser window function for the chosen range of the band‐pass filter. In our study area, me isolated local magnetic anomalies have amplitudes of ±10 nT and trend in an east‐west direction parallel to the predominant structural grain. These anomalies correlate very well with the known oil and gas fields. As an example, filter processing of magnetic anomaly data, combined with the 3‐D seismic data gained in the filtered magnetic field, correlate well with one of the oil fields. The next phase of the project will concentrate on the anomalies occurring outside the established gas and oil fields.
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Numanovich, Abdullayev Ibrohim, and Umirzakov Zuxriddin Axtamjanovich. "Research On The Operation Of Bag Filters For Dust And Gas Cleaning In Cement Production (On The Example Of Factories In The Ferghana Region Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan)." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 02, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume02issue11-21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cement production is one of the most common man-made air pollutants. In this regard, the need for dust collection in this process is obvious. The article presents an analysis of the used designs of dust collection devices in the cement production of the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Methods of tissue filter regeneration are analyzed. The results of experimental studies on the state of synthetic fabric bag filters installed on air purifiers from dust and gas flows are presented. The choice of the standard size, design and the required number of fabric bag filters was made. For technical and economic reasons, there is a method and mode of filter regeneration that does not cause severe wear of the fabric, due to which the duration of filter operation without expensive stops for current repairs is significantly increased.