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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Gas fields Australia"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 30 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Gas fields Australia"

Ronalds, B. F. "TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT OF AUSTRALIA’S LARGE DEEPWATER GAS FIELDS." APPEA Journal 45, no. 1 (2005): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj04003.

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Australia can anticipate a more extensive gas production future than any other OECD country. At the same time, much of our gas resource is located in large, remote, deepwater reservoirs. There is very little experience in bringing such fields to market, although several current developments internationally indicate that a new era of deepwater gas production is beginning. The limited knowledge base suggests that Australia could, and indeed should, take a lead in developing strategies and technologies necessary to produce major deepwater gas and gascondensate fields in an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable manner in the long-term.This paper draws on a comprehensive database of deepwater field developments around the world to identify specific capability gaps, and the technology breakthroughs that may enable them to be overcome. Emphasis is placed on both floating facilities and all-subsea production solutions, with ultra-long tiebacks and floating LNG bringing particular benefits in the Australian context. Compact GTL is a key enabling technology for remote deepwater fields with associated gas.

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Oen, P. M. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREATER GORGON GAS FIELDS." APPEA Journal 43, no. 2 (2003): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02073.

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The vast reservoirs of untapped natural gas found in the Greater Gorgon area off Western Australia’s Pilbara coast contain in excess of 11 billion cubic metres (40 trillion cubic feet) of gas, representing some 25% of Australia’s total known gas resources. Developing this world-class resource is a matter of national importance as it would secure Australia’s position as a leading gas producer and provide a huge new source of wealth for both Australia and Western Australia.The key to unlocking the Greater Gorgon reserves is the development of the Gorgon field—one of the largest single gas fields ever discovered in Australia. Establishment of gas processing infrastructure on Barrow Island—which lies between the gas field and the mainland—would provide a catalyst for the future development of other Greater Gorgon area fields. Gas would be processed at that facility and transported through a gas pipeline to shore, enabling large new competitive supplies of gas to be delivered to the mainland.While the development of Gorgon gas would bring significant benefits—A$11 billion investment, A$17 billion in Commonwealth and State taxes and royalties and an annual increase in the nation’s export income of A$2.5 billion—the Gorgon gas field presents some unique challenges. With little associated liquid hydrocarbons, development costs must be kept to a minimum to maintain commercial viability. In addition, Gorgon gas contains a relatively high content of carbon dioxide (CO2) which results in substantial treatment cost and relatively large potential greenhouse gas emissions.Barrow Island—both an internationally important nature reserve and Australia’s largest operating onshore oilfield—has emerged as the development location that would enable gas from the Gorgon gas fields to be competitive in today’s market. The Western Australian Government has said the Gorgon venture (ChevronTexaco, Shell and ExxonMobil) must demonstrate at a strategic level that the proposed Gorgon gas development on Barrow Island can generate economic and social benefits, provide net conservation benefits and mitigate potential on-site impacts.

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Salmachi, Alireza, Mojtaba Rajabi, Carmine Wainman, Steven Mackie, Peter McCabe, Bronwyn Camac, and Christopher Clarkson. "History, Geology, In Situ Stress Pattern, Gas Content and Permeability of Coal Seam Gas Basins in Australia: A Review." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092651.

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Coal seam gas (CSG), also known as coalbed methane (CBM), is an important source of gas supply to the liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporting facilities in eastern Australia and to the Australian domestic market. In late 2018, Australia became the largest exporter of LNG in the world. 29% of the country’s LNG nameplate capacity is in three east coast facilities that are supplied primarily by coal seam gas. Six geological basins including Bowen, Sydney, Gunnedah, Surat, Cooper and Gloucester host the majority of CSG resources in Australia. The Bowen and Surat basins contain an estimated 40Tcf of CSG whereas other basins contain relatively minor accumulations. In the Cooper Basin of South Australia, thick and laterally extensive Permian deep coal seams (>2 km) are currently underdeveloped resources. Since 2013, gas production exclusively from deep coal seams has been tested as a single add-on fracture stimulation in vertical well completions across the Cooper Basin. The rates and reserves achieved since 2013 demonstrate a robust statistical distribution (>130 hydraulic fracture stages), the mean of which, is economically viable. The geological characteristics including coal rank, thickness and hydrogeology as well as the present-day stress pattern create favourable conditions for CSG production. Detailed analyses of high-resolution borehole image log data reveal that there are major perturbations in maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) orientation, both spatially and with depth in Australian CSG basins, which is critical in hydraulic fracture stimulation and geomechanical modelling. Within a basin, significant variability in gas content and permeability may be observed with depth. The major reasons for such variabilities are coal rank, sealing capacity of overlying formations, measurement methods, thermal effects of magmatic intrusions, geological structures and stress regime. Field studies in Australia show permeability may enhance throughout depletion in CSG fields and the functional form of permeability versus reservoir pressure is exponential, consistent with observations in North American CSG fields.

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de Rijke, Kim. "The Agri-Gas Fields of Australia: Black Soil, Food, and Unconventional Gas." Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment 35, no. 1 (June 2013): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12004.

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Korn, B. E., R. P. Teakle, D. M. Maughan, and P. B. Siffleet. "THE GERYON, ORTHRUS, MAENAD AND URANIA GAS FIELDS, CARNARVON BASIN, WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02015.

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The Geryon, Orthrus, Maenad and Urania Gas Fields are located in permit WA-267-P in approximately 1,200 m of water, and between 35 km northwest and 70 km north of the Gorgon Gas Field in the offshore Carnarvon Basin of Western Australia. Five wells were drilled in these fields between August 1999 and February 2001 as part of a six-well, three-year obligatory drilling program. The primary objectives were late Triassic sandstones of the upper Mungaroo Formation. The Geryon and Urania Fields are three-way footwall structures, while the Orthrus and Maenad Fields comprise four-way horst structures where progressively older units subcrop against the Callovian Unconformity. All objective reservoirs were amplitude associated and had strong AVO signatures, which was instrumental in the high exploration success rate and excellent exploration prediction of OGIP from seismic data.This paper will briefly discuss the description of late Triassic and early Jurassic reservoirs and the transition of the AA sand of the Mungaroo Formation from fluvial to marginal marine facies in the Greater Gorgon Area, the recent drilling results of the Triassic Prospects in WA-267-P, and the geophysical attributes of the AA sand Mungaroo Formation reservoirs.The WA-267-P Triassic Gas Fields are estimated to contain approximately 210 billion m3 (7.4 TCF) recoverable sales gas. The close proximity of these Triassic gas fields to each other, the clean gas composition and size of resource base suggests these fields are excellent candidates for a future gas development in Western Australia.

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Constantine, Andrew, Glenn Morgan, Robin O'Leary, and Simon Smith. "The Halladale–Speculant fields: the first nearshore gas fields to be developed from mainland Australia." APPEA Journal 58, no. 1 (2018): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17180.

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Extended-reach drilling (ERD) is becoming an increasingly common technique used to explore for hydrocarbons and develop fields in areas where simple vertical wells cannot be drilled due to access problems, stakeholder concerns, environmental issues, poor reservoir quality and/or cost. While these types of wells are generally more expensive and technically challenging to drill than vertical wells, they can be very cost-effective, and if a discovery is made, considerably quicker to monetise when future development costs are also taken into consideration, particularly in offshore environments. In 2014–2015, the conventional Exploration and Production division of Origin Energy (now Lattice Energy) drilled three onshore-to-offshore ERD wells and a geological sidetrack in the Otway Basin with horizontal offsets of 1929, 2576, 4239 and 5152 m targeting an undeveloped gas field (Halladale) and exploration prospect (Speculant) located in Victorian state waters near Port Campbell. The three wells (Halladale-2, Speculant-1 and Speculant-2) and sidetrack (Speculant-2ST1) were drilled during a single drilling campaign from the same pad to reduce mobilisation, drilling and development costs. Halladale-2 was designed to develop the Halladale Field, while Speculant-1, -2 and -2ST1 were designed to evaluate the Speculant Prospect. Both Speculant wells and the sidetrack encountered significant gas columns with Speculant-1 and Speculant-2ST1 subsequently completed as producers after being successfully flow tested. A 33 km onshore pipeline was then constructed to transport the gas from Halladale and Speculant back to the Otway Gas Plant (OGP) for processing and sale. The arrival of first gas at the OGP from the Halladale and Speculant gas fields on 26 August 2016 marked a significant milestone for Origin Energy in terms of accelerated project delivery. It also represented the end of a 15-year journey for Halladale from exploration to discovery to development. The drilling campaign also set several records in the process with: (1) Speculant being the first offshore field to be discovered from mainland Australia; (2) Halladale and Speculant being the first offshore fields to produce gas back to mainland Australia from onshore wells; (3) Halladale-2, Speculant-1 and Speculant-2 being the three longest onshore-to-offshore wells drilled to date in Australia (in horizontal departure terms); and (4) Halladale-2 being the longest well (in mMDRT terms) drilled to date in the Otway Basin. Speculant is a good example of how transition zone (TZ) seismic and ERD technology can be used successfully to explore and develop resources in areas previously considered too difficult by using more conventional seismic acquisition and drilling technology.

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Redmond, Helen. "Impact of energy generation on health: unconventional gas." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, no. 2 (2014): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14038.

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In this age of human-induced climate change, drilling for unconventional gas is expanding rapidly. In the United States hundreds of thousands of wells tap into shale gas, tight sands gas and coal seam gas (CSG). In Australia we have large CSG fields containing thousands of wells in Queensland, and several smaller fields in New South Wales and Victoria. The scale of proposed development of shale gas in South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory will eclipse CSG in the eastern states. Yet unconventional gas extraction has the potential to undermine every single one of the environmental determinants of health: clean air, clean water, a safe food supply and a stable climate.1 To ensure health, water has to be sufficient in quality and quantity. The unconventional gas industry impacts both in a number of ways. Water quality can be threatened both by chemicals in drilling and fracking fluids, and by chemicals mobilised from deep underground in the process.

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Loro, Richard, Robin Hill, Mark Jackson, and Tony Slate. "Technologies that have transformed the Exmouth into Australia." APPEA Journal 55, no. 1 (2015): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14018.

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The oil and gas fields of the Exmouth Sub-basin, offshore WA, have presented a number of significant challenges to their exploitation since the first discoveries of heavy oil and lean gas were made in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Presently, some 20 oil and gas fields have been discovered in a variety of Late Jurassic to Cretaceous clastic reservoirs from slope turbidites to deltaic sands. Discovered oils are typically heavily biodegraded with densities ranging from 14–23° API and moderate viscosity. Seismic imaging is challenging across some areas due to pervasive multiples and gas escape features, while in other areas resolution is excellent. Most reservoirs are poorly cemented to unconsolidated and thus require sand control. Modest oil columns, most with gas caps, and variable permeability, present challenges for both maximising oil recovery and minimising the influx of water and gas. Oil-water emulsions also present difficulties for both maximising oil rate and metering production. To date, more than 300 MMbbls have been produced from five developments (Enfield, Stybarrow, Vincent, Van Gogh and Pyrenees), and in 2013 the Macedon gasfield began production. This peer-reviewed paper focuses on the variety of technologies—geoscience, reservoir, drilling and production—that have underpinned the development of these challenging fields and in doing so, transformed the Exmouth into Australia’s premier oil producing basin.

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Espig, Martin, and Kim de Rijke. "Navigating Coal Seam Gas Fields: Ethnographic Challenges in Queensland, Australia." Practicing Anthropology 38, no. 3 (June 2016): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552-38.3.44.

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Pulsford, Will. "A reserves driven view of the eastern Australian gas supply and demand balance through the 2020's." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16217.

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The Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) issued a Gas Statement of Opportunities in March 2016, which reports that gas supply to the domestic and liquefied natural gas markets in eastern Australia will be largely satisfied by proved and probable reserves until 2026 and by the addition of contingent resources until 2030. However, in parallel, there are widely reported concerns by energy consumers of insufficient gas supplies to meet demand by the early 2020s and a lack of new gas supplies to replace existing expiring contracts. Gas shortages have already contributed to black outs and load shedding events in South Australia. This paper reviews the eastern Australian gas supply position at a basin level. The AEMO basin level supply forecasts are reviewed and adjusted to generate forward profiles, which are consistent with reported reserves levels, production histories and depletion behaviour of typical gas fields. The revised supply forecast is compared with the AEMO’s demand profiles, and the likely commercial behaviour of key participants in the market is considered to build a picture of the domestic gas supply-demand balance through the 2020s. This analysis provides a transparent link from market outcomes back to the underlying reserves classifications to guide interpretation of supply-demand forecasts, and highlights the critical role of key suppliers in the eastern Australian gas market in the coming decade.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Gas fields Australia"

Nakanishi, Takeshi. "Practical application of sequence stratigraphy and risk analysis for stratigraphic trap exploration." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn1635.pdf.

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"September 2002" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-209) Outlines an evaluation procedure for stratigraphic trap exploration by employing sequence stratigraphy, 3D seismic data visualisation and quantitative risk analysis with case studies in an actual exploration basin.

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Rodeghiero, Allen. "Seismic interpretation and attribute mapping of the petrol gas field, Bonaparte Gulf, Northwestern Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbr687.pdf.

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Ryan, Sarah E. "The Angel Gas Field, North West Shelf, Australia : an integrated 3D seismic and petrophysical study /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr989.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 1996?
Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-206).

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Ahsan, Abul. "Petrology and facies analysis of the upper sand, Hyland Bay Formation, the Petrol Gas Field, Bonaparte Gulf, Northern Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09S.B/09s.ba2874.pdf.

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Alsop, David Barry. "The effect of diagenesis and facies distribution on reservoir quality in the Permian sandstones of the Toolachee gas field, southern Cooper Basin, South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09sma462.pdf.

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Nakanishi, Takeshi. "Practical application of sequence stratigraphy and risk analysis for stratigraphic trap exploration / Takeshi Nakanishi." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21828.

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"September 2002"
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-209)
xi, 209, [51] leaves : ill. (chiefly col.), maps, plates (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm.
Outlines an evaluation procedure for stratigraphic trap exploration by employing sequence stratigraphy, 3D seismic data visualisation and quantitative risk analysis with case studies in an actual exploration basin.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 2002

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Ryan, Sarah E. (Sarah Elizabeth). "The Angel Gas Field, North West Shelf, Australia : an integrated 3D seismic and petrophysical study / Sarah Ryan." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18752.

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Copies of author's previously published articles inserted.
Bibliography: leaves 193-206.
207, [34] leaves, [30] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.), maps ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
The aim of this study is to use all available information, primarily 3D seismic data, to describe and predict the geometry, petrophysical characteristics and fluid content of the reservoir unit of the Angel Field, North West Shelf, Western Australia. This integrated approach generates new ideas and methods such as recognition and mapping of massive dolomite-cemented zones in the sandstone from the 3D seismic data, and development of a model for the age and mode of formation of the dolomite cement in the sandstone from integration of 3D seismic mapping and carbon isotope and other petrographic data. It focuses on the use of 3D seismic data, specifically analysis of the pre-stack gathers and the stacked data, to delineate the reservoir quality.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 1996?

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Ryan, Sarah E. (Sarah Elizabeth). "The Angel Gas Field, North West Shelf, Australia : an integrated 3D seismic and petrophysical study / Sarah Ryan." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18752.

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Copies of author's previously published articles inserted.
Bibliography: leaves 193-206.
207, [34] leaves, [30] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.), maps ; 30 cm.
The aim of this study is to use all available information, primarily 3D seismic data, to describe and predict the geometry, petrophysical characteristics and fluid content of the reservoir unit of the Angel Field, North West Shelf, Western Australia. This integrated approach generates new ideas and methods such as recognition and mapping of massive dolomite-cemented zones in the sandstone from the 3D seismic data, and development of a model for the age and mode of formation of the dolomite cement in the sandstone from integration of 3D seismic mapping and carbon isotope and other petrographic data. It focuses on the use of 3D seismic data, specifically analysis of the pre-stack gathers and the stacked data, to delineate the reservoir quality.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 1996?

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Sinclair, Natalie Gaye. "Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) dinoflagellate cyst taxonomy, palynostratigraphy and biosequence, stratigraphy of the Jansz-Io gas field, North West shelf, Australia." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110267.

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High-resolution palynological analysis was conducted from four wells of the Jansz-Io Gas Field (Exmouth Plateau, Northern Carnarvon Basin) to refine the Australian Oxfordian Wanaea spectabilis microplankton biozone. The refined biozonation scheme was then utilised to produce integrated biostratigraphic, sequence stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental interpretations of the Jansz Sandstone reservoir sequence. Palynological preparations from 155 conventional core samples yielded a highly diverse assemblage of dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs of good to excellent preservation. The assemblage comprises 112 genera with 194 microplankton species and varieties. Of these, 2 new genera and 26 new species are formally described, 2 species are emended with 1 species generically reattributed, and an additional 11 genera and 37 species are informally described. For future reference of this well preserved material, each species is illustrated in a large catalogue of plates. Key taxa identified through quantitative analysis are utilised to refine the intersected portion of the Wanaea spectabilis microplankton zone. Proposed zonal subdivisions are defined on first and last stratigraphic occurrences, first and last common occurrences and species acmes which can be correlated across the Jansz-Io Field. The subzones are tentatively correlated to the Poulsen & Riding, 2003 Northern Hemisphere Dinoflagellate Cyst Zones; Bown & Cooper, 1998 Nannofossil Zones; the Groupe Francais d'Etude du Jurassique, 1997 Tethyan, Sub-Boreal and Boreal Ammonoid Zones; and the ICS 2008 Geologic Time Scale. Lithofacies and qualitative palynofacies analyses are integrated with petrophysical wireline logs to produce bio-sequence stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental interpretations for the Jansz Sandstone reservoir sequence. Bioevent-derived zonule boundaries are identified to reflect 'biostratigraphic parasequences' arranged in transgressive/regressive couplets as indicated by an inversely oscillating AOM/wood ratio. These biostratigraphic parasequences provide valuable information regarding sequence and reservoir architecture in the absence of lithostratigraphic controls. The application of selected dinocyst species as palaeoenvironmental proxies is examined. Extreme intraspecific variability of some dinocyst taxa may reflect salinity and/or temperature changes caused by a high-frequency, cyclical climatic regime, such as a seasonal monsoonal climate.
v. 1. text -- v.2 Plates --CD. Appendices

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Alsop, David Barry. "The effect of diagenesis and facies distribution on reservoir quality in the Permian sandstones of the Toolachee gas field, southern Cooper Basin, South Australia." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119991.

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Книги з теми "Gas fields Australia"

Association, Australian Petroleum Exploration, ed. Petroleum in Australia: The first century. [Sydney]: Australian Petroleum Exploration Association, 1988.

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Lukasiewicz, Anna, Stephen Dovers, Libby Robin, Jennifer McKay, Steven Schilizzi, and Sonia Graham, eds. Natural Resources and Environmental Justice. CSIRO Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486306381.

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Environmental management involves making decisions about the governance of natural resources such as water, minerals or land, which are inherently decisions about what is just or fair. Yet, there is little emphasis on justice in environmental management research or practical guidance on how to achieve fairness and equity in environmental governance and public policy. This results in social dilemmas that are significant issues for government, business and community agendas, causing conflict between different community interests. Natural Resources and Environmental Justice provides the first comprehensive, interdisciplinary examination of justice research in Australian environmental management, identifying best practice and current knowledge gaps. With chapters written by experts in environmental and social sciences, law and economics, this book covers topical issues, including coal seam gas, desalination plants, community relations in mining, forestry negotiations, sea-level rise and animal rights. It also proposes a social justice framework and an agenda for future justice research in environmental management. These important environmental issues are covered from an Australian perspective and the book will be of broad use to policy makers, researchers and managers in natural resource management and governance, environmental law, social impact and related fields both in Australia and abroad.

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G, Gillis R., and Australian National University. Peace Research Centre., eds. The Gillis report: Australian field trials with mustard gas, 1942-1945. [Canberra]: Peace Research Centre, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1991.

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Jefee-Bahloul, Hussam, Andres Barkil-Oteo, and Eugene F. Augusterfer, eds. Telemental Health in Resource-Limited Global Settings. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190622725.001.0001.

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This book covers the implementation of telemental health (TMH) in resource-limited global settings. This book focuses on the current state of the technology, the different modalities, and the emergence of mobile-health. The global applicability, especially in resource-limited settings, is a new frontier for implementation sciences, and one that is proposed to reduce the mental health gap. The book reviews the global application of TMH internationally with examples from each continent. Case studies of TMH implementation from India, Taiwan, Africa, the Middle East, and more are layed out in this book. In addition, the book discusses provision of such care to underserved resource-limited populations globally, such as refugees in Denmark, Native Americans in the United States, and Aboriginal populations in Australia. This book promises a collective review of global TMH and hopes to provide anchorage for scholars and researches interested in this developing field.

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Delgado Martín, Jordi, Andrea Muñoz-Ibáñez, and Ismael Himar Falcón-Suárez. 6th International Workshop on Rock Physics: A Coruña, Spain 13 -17 June 2022: Book of Abstracts. 2022nd ed. Servizo de Publicacións da UDC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.000005.

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[Abstract] The 6th International Workshop on Rock Physics (6IWRP) was held A Coruña, Spain, between 13th and 17th of June, 2022. This meeting follows the track of the five successful encounters held in Golden (USA, 2011), Southampton (UK, 2013), Perth (Australia, 2015), Trondheim (Norway, 2017) and Hong Kong (China, 2019). The aim of the workshop was to bring together experiences allowing to illustrate, discuss and exchange recent advances in the wide realm of rock physics, including theoretical developments, in situ and laboratory scale experiments as well as digital analysis. While rock physics is at the core of the oil & gas industry applications, it is also essential to enable the energy transition challenge (e.g. CO2 and H2 storage, geothermal), ensure a safe and adequate use of natural resources and develop efficient waste management strategies. The topics of 6IWRP covered a broad spectrum of rock physics-related research activities, including: • Experimental rock physics. New techniques, approaches and applications; Characterization of the static and dynamic properties of rocks and fluids; Multiphysics measurements (NMR, electrical resistivity…); Deep/crustal scale rock physics. • Modelling and multiscale applications: from the lab to the field. Numerical analysis and model development; Data science applications; Upscaling; Microseismicity and earthquakes; Subsurface stresses and tectonic deformations. • Coupled phenomena and rock properties: exploring interactions. Anisotropy; Flow and fractures; Temperature effects; Rock-fluid interaction; Fluid and pressure effects on geophysical signatures. • The energy transition challenge. Applications to energy storage (hydrogen storage in porous media), geothermal resources, energy production (gas hydrates), geological utilization and storage of CO2, nuclear waste disposal. • Rock physics templates: advances and applications. Quantitative assessment; Applications to reser voir characterization (role of seismic wave anisotropy and fracture networks). • Advanced rock physics tools. Machine learning; application of imaging (X-ray CT, X-ray μCT, FIB-SEM…) to obtain rock proper ties. This book compiles more than 50 abstracts, summarizing the works presented in the 6IWRP by rock physicists from all over the world, belonging to both academia and industry. This book means an updated overview of the rock physics research worldwide.

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Frimston, Richard, Alexander Ruck Keene, Claire Van Overdijk, and Adrian D. Ward, eds. The International Protection of Adults. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780198727255.001.0001.

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Increasing numbers of people have connections with one country, but live and work in another, frequently owning property or investments in several countries. People with lifelong or subsequently developed impairments of capacity move cross-border or have property or family interests or connections spread across different jurisdictions. This new work fills a gap in a specialist market for a detailed work advising lawyers on all the considerations in these situations. The book provides a clear, comprehensive, and unique overview of all relevant capacity and private international law issues, and the existing solutions in common law and civil law jurisdictions and under Hague Convention XXXV. It sets out the existing law of various important jurisdictions, including detailed chapters on the constituent parts of the UK, Ireland, Jersey, the Isle of Man and the Hague 35 states; and shorter chapters on 26 Non-Hague states and those within federal states, including coverage of the United States, several Australian and Canadian states, and a number of other Commonwealth jurisdictions. Containing a number of helpful case studies and flowcharts, the book draws upon the expertise of the editors in their respective fields, together with detailed contributions from expert practitioners and academics from each relevant jurisdiction. All the editors and many of the contributors and correspondents are members of STEP.

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Kaltwasser, Cristóbal Rovira, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Populism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.001.0001.

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Populist forces are increasingly relevant, and studies on populism have entered the mainstream of the political science discipline. However, no book has synthesized the ongoing debate on how to study the phenomenon. The main goal of this Handbook is to provide the state of the art of the scholarship on populism. The Handbook lays out not only the cumulated knowledge on populism, but also the ongoing discussions and research gaps on this topic. The Handbook is divided into four sections. The first presents the main conceptual approaches and points out how the phenomenon in question can be empirically analyzed. The second focuses on populist forces across the world with chapters on Africa, Australia and New Zealand, Central, Eastern, and Western Europe, East Asia, India, Latin America, the post-Soviet States, and the United States. The third reflects on the interaction between populism and various issues both from scholarly and political viewpoints. Analysis includes the relationship between populism and fascism, foreign policy, gender, nationalism, political parties, religion, social movements, and technocracy. The fourth part encompasses recent normative debates on populism, including chapters on populism and cosmopolitanism, constitutionalism, hegemony, the history of popular sovereignty, the idea of the people, and revolution. With each chapter written by an expert in their field, this Handbook will position the study of populism within political science and will be indispensable not only to those who turn to populism for the first time, but also to those who want to take their understanding of populism in new directions.

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Частини книг з теми "Gas fields Australia"

Li, Ming, Zhao-Hui Xia, Ming Zhang, Ling-li Liu, and Ze-Hong Cui. "CBM Field Proved Reserve Evaluation Based on Decline Curve Analysis and Type Curve: Case Study of Australia Surat CBM Gas Fields." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 1084–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2485-1_95.

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Zhao, Wenguang, Yuxia Ma, and Houqin Zhu. "Shale Gas Potential of Goldwyer Formation in Canning Basin, Australia." In Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2018, 560–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7127-1_51.

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Cui, Ze-hong, Peng-hui Su, Ling-li Liu, Ming Zhang, Ming Li, and Jian-jun Wang. "Favorable Areas Selection and Reservoir Parameter Characterization of a Coal Seam Gas Block in Surat Basin, Australia." In Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2021, 5503–11. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2149-0_504.

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"Fortescue Field, Gippsland Basin, Offshore Australia." In Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade 1978-1988, 483–92. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/m54555c30.

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Jenkins, C. C., A. Duckett, B. A. Boyett, P. N. Glenton, A. A. Mills, M. C. Schapper, M. A. Williams, and J. G. McPherson. "The Jansz-Io Gas Field, Northwest Shelf Australia: A Giant Stratigraphic Trap." In Giant Fields of the Decade 2000–2010. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/13572012m1133708.

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"The Sunrise-Troubadour Gas-Condensate Fields, Timor Sea, Australasia." In Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade 1990–1999, 189–209. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/m78834c11.

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Hill, Robin, Gerard O’Halloran, Alison Elliott, Mark Locke, Ralph Napalowski, and Marion Croft. "Development of a Slope Turbidite Reservoir: A Case History from the Stybarrow Field, Western Australia." In Answering the Challenges of Production from Deep-Water Reservoirs: Analogues and Case Histories to aid a New Generation: 28th Annual, 345–82. SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC PALEONTOLOGISTS AND MINERALOGISTS, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5724/gcs.08.28.0345.

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RADOVICH, BARBARA J., BURNET OLIVEROS, Joseph R. Davis, and David A. Scolman. "3D Seismic Interpretation and Nonmarine Depositional Processes at the Gorgon Gas Field, NW Shelf, Australia." In Stratigraphic Analysis Utilizing Advanced Geophysical, Wireline and Borehole Technology for Petroleum Exploration and Productioni: 17th Annual, 229–39. SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC PALEONTOLOGISTS AND MINERALOGISTS, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.5724/gcs.96.17.0229.

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WARRLICH, GEORG, CONXITA TABERNER, WENCHE ASYEE, BEN STEPHENSON, MATEU ESTEBAN, MARIA BOYA-FERRERO, ANNA DOMBROWSKI, and JAN-HENK VAN KONIJNENBURG. "The Impact of Postdepositional Processes on Reservoir Properties: Two Case Studies of Tertiary Carbonate Buildup Gas Fields in Southeast Asia (Malampaya and E11)." In Cenozoic Carbonate Systems of Australasia, 99–127. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/sepmsp.095.99.

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"Closing the gap on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander employment disadvantage in Australia." In A Field Guide to Managing Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Organisations, 33–46. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781800379008.00015.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Gas fields Australia"

Xia, Jinzhu, and Richard B. D'Souza. "Floating Production Platform Selection for Developing Deepwater Gas Fields off North West Australia." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/158717-ms.

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Barzi, Mohammad, and Ewen Siu Ming Sze. "Optimising the Jansz-Io Trunkline Next Project Using Integrated Production Modelling." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210655-ms.

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Abstract The Chevron-operated Gorgon asset is the largest single resource project in Australia, with a portfolio of offshore gas fields to supply gas via two trunklines (Gorgon and Jansz-Io) to a three-train, 15.6 MTPA LNG plant and a 300 TJ/D domestic gas plant on Barrow Island. Gorgon will be a legacy project, with decades of production anticipated from the development of backfill fields gas resources. To realise the value of the asset, it is critical to select the right projects and execute them at the right time. Greater Gorgon Integrated Production Modelling (IPM) has been developed by Chevron Australia's gas supply team on behalf of the Gorgon Joint Venture (Australian Subsidiaries of Chevron, ExxonMobil, Shell, Osaka Gas, Tokyo Gas and JERA) to specifically enable optimisation of both the subsurface and surface value chain. It integrates reservoirs, wells, and subsea production networks to enable rigorous assessment of various portfolio-level development and planning scenarios. The focus of this paper is on the Jansz-Io trunkline, which is initially supplied by the massive depletion drive Jansz-Io field, and the key decision of how to maintain production post development of the Gorgon Stage 2 (GS2) project. To inform this key decision, extensive evaluation was conducted using coupled INTERSECT (IX) IPM model to assess Jansz-Io Compression (J-IC) concepts (floating platform vs subsea compression). The IX-IPM model includes either detailed IX dynamic simulation or simplified material balance (MBAL) reservoirs, and a detailed production system that captures the full pressure hydraulics and their complex interactions. Using this IX-IPM model, a systematic staircase approach was applied, starting with a minimum facility concept, before sequentially adding more functionalities (power, capacity, phasing and backfill fields tie-in) and quantifying their incremental benefits. This enabled comprehensive understanding of the compression model's pressure hydraulic performance and various value trade-offs at each step. A fit-for-purpose, fixed power compression model was implemented to commence the staircase assessment. Once subsea compression was selected, and as the assessment matured, vendor compressor performance curves were adopted for more rigorous modelling. Overall, the Greater Gorgon coupled IX-IPM model has proved to be invaluable in the assessment of the J-IC concept select and supported the Final Investment Decision (FID) on J-IC in 2021. The coupled IX-IPM model is continually refined with greater engineering resolution and additional production history to support the wider Gorgon asset decisions.

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Bard, K. C., T. Harrison, and K. Meade. "Management Overview of the Integrated Studies of Nine Mature Gas Fields in the Cooper Basin of South Australia." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/64389-ms.

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Rahman, Khalil, and Abbas Khaksar. "Fracture Growth and Injectivity Issues for Produced Water Reinjection Wells - Case Studies with Fields from offshore Australia and UK North Sea." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/158893-ms.

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Coffa*, Andre A., M. J. O’Mara, Connor McLaren, D. L. Thompson, James Karakatsanis, M. Hall, and Jeffrey Stilwell. "Enhancing Oil and Gas Production in Carbonate Turbidite Fields by the Study of High-Resolution Biostratigraphy, Facies and Fracture Variability: An Example From the NW Palawan Basin of the Philippines." In International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2015-2213451.

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Pandey, Prateek. "Billions of Barrels at Risk in Southeast Asia Due to Sour Gas." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31335-ms.

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Abstract Southeast Asia is one of the leading regions globally in terms of planned gas developments in the next decade. We estimate sour gas contamination in Southeast Asian gas discoveries is one of the major challenges delaying over 10 billion barrels of oil equivalent gas resources from coming online. These developments are planned in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam, requiring around $20 billion of investments, and could potentially make a significant contribution to regional production post-2030. But the fields contain high levels of sour gas, which makes development challenging and costly. Sour gas refers to natural gas that contains significant amounts of acidic gases such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide (CO2). Some industry majors are moving forward with exploration and development - albeit at a slow pace. Off Malaysia, work on Petronas’ Kasawari, Shell's Rosmari-Marjoram and PTTEP's Lang Lebah fields have been lined up, while Indonesia has witnessed similar slow progress on similar projects operated by IOCs and the government is also hoping the potential of its Natuna D-Alpha field will attract investors. However, as domestic gas demand in the countries increases and output drops, efforts must be made to overcome the complex geology and associated challenges. In fact, globally SE Asia & NW Australia are one of the largest regions with concentrations of sour gas. The paper intends to highlight Southeast Asia's role in planned gas developments globally and the significance of these developments in regional production. We deep dive into the planned developments risked by the sour gas contamination which makes up over 40% of the gas resources planned for development in Southeast Asia by 2030.

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Christensen, David, and Andrew Re. "Is Australia Prepared for the Decommissioning Challenge? A Regulator's Perspective." In SPE Symposium: Decommissioning and Abandonment. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208483-ms.

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Abstract The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) is Australia's independent expert regulator for health and safety, structural (well) integrity and environmental management for all offshore oil and gas operations and greenhouse gas storage activities in Australian waters, and in coastal waters where regulatory powers and functions have been conferred. The Australian offshore petroleum industry has been in operation since the early 1960s and currently has approximately 57 platforms, 11 floating facilities, 3,500km of pipelines and 1000 wells in operation. Many offshore facilities are now approaching the end of their operational lives and it is estimated that over the next 50 years decommissioning of this infrastructure will cost more than US$40.5 billion. Decommissioning is a normal and inevitable stage in the lifetime of an offshore petroleum project that should be planned from the outset and matured throughout the life of operations. While only a few facilities have been decommissioned in Australian waters, most of Australia's offshore infrastructure is now more than 20 years old and entering a phase where they require extra attention and close maintenance prior to decommissioning. When the NOGA group of companies entered liquidation in 2020 and the Australian Government took control of decommissioning the Laminaria and Corallina field development it became evident that there were some fundamental gaps in relation to decommissioning in the Australian offshore petroleum industry. There are two key focus areas that require attention. Firstly, regulatory reform including policy change and modification to regulatory practice. Secondly, the development of visible and robust decommissioning plans by Industry titleholders. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance and benefit of adopting good practice when planning for decommissioning throughout the life cycle of a petroleum project. Whilst not insurmountable, the closing of these gaps will ensure that Australia is well placed to deal with the decommissioning challenge facing the industry in the next 50 years.

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Skoczylas, Paul. "Update of Field Experience with Hydraulically Regulated Progressing Cavity Pumps." In SPE Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition - Americas. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209764-ms.

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Abstract The patented hydraulically regulated progressing cavity pump (HRPCP) has been tested previously in the oilfield, but its range of application is being expanded. The HRPCP can be used in any well where a PCP would be installed and provides added protection in cases where significant free gas may be present. It is as effective as a standard PCP in pumping high viscosity fluids or fluids with high solids content, or both. It retains its effectiveness as a pump even when no gas is present, although its primary benefit is the increase in PCP run-life when there is free gas present at the pump intake. The present study is to evaluate the performance of the HRPCP in new applications around the world. Previous publications on the HRPCP have looked at installations in Argentina, Venezuela, and Kuwait. There are now installations in coal seam gas (CSG) in Queensland, Australia, gassy oil wells in Colombia, and heavy oil wells in the Lloydminster area of Canada, and in wells in the newer operations in the Clearwater formation near Slave Lake in Alberta, Canada. In Canada in particular, there have been 27 installations in thirteen fields by six oil companies at the time this paper was prepared. In Colombia, the HRPCPs were installed in new wells that were expected to produce high gas volumes while still producing some sand. In the Australian CSG wells, operators wanted to land the pumps higher in the well to avoid solids problems, knowing that this would result in higher gas volume fraction at the pump intake, so the HRPCP was chosen. In the Canadian heavy oil areas, there can be a higher GOR in many wells than there was in the past, so the gas fraction at the pump intake can now be a larger factor in PCP run-life than in the past. In some of the Canadian wells, the performance data of the previous installation is available for a direct comparison. Overall, the run-life of the HRPCP has been excellent in comparison to either expectations or to the run-life of previous PCPs in the same wells or fields. In one example well, the previous PCP suffered a significant drop in efficiency (from 60% to 10%) after 90 days. The HRPCP that followed it has been running at 70% efficiency for over 180 days (and still going). In Colombia, the operator saw reduced load on the pump due to the "gas lift" effect from the gas going through the pump and up the tubing, while exceeding expectations for run-life.

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Hill, Robin Andrew, Gerry O'Halloran, Ralf Napalowski, Bimal Wanigaratne, Alison Anne Elliott, and Mark Alan Jackson. "Development of the Stybarrow Field, Western Australia." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/115373-ms.

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Ben Habel, Wael, and Siddharth Dubey. "Towards a Multidisciplinary Approach in Play Characterisation: An Integrated Case Study from Browse Basin, NW Shelf, Australia." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31603-ms.

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Abstract Stratigraphic forward modeling (SFM) is an innovative approach to subsurface facies prediction at the basin scale that augments and overcomes some of the limitations of conventional seismic, well, and analog data. As a multidisciplinary approach to play characterization, SFM improves the efficiency of current workflows, which is important given the current downward pressure on capex in oil and gas companies. A 2D SFM study on data from Browse basin, NW Australia, was conducted to enhance the prediction of facies distribution and improve play characterization by integrating SFM with other disciplines. The work started with seismic interpretation and depth conversion. Then, a third to fourth-order sequence stratigraphy interpretation was performed to determine the main sequence boundaries, maximum flooding surfaces, and a relative sea-level curve. The sequence stratigraphy results were later used to infer some of the inputs and parameters of the SFM model. The model simulates the deposition of clastic and carbonates from the Turonian (Late Cretaceous) to the present day. The results from the model were used to validate some of the geological concepts and the seismic interpretation. In addition, the approach enabled the prediction of reservoir quality, reservoir distribution, the presence of the seal, and the quantification of erosion. A 2D petroleum system model (PSM) covering the area from the Yampi shelf to the Seringapatam sub-basin was built using seismic interpretation, regional tectonic information, source rock geochemistry, and paleo heat flow. The results from SFM were integrated into a 2D PSM by resampling facies and erosion properties for each of the finely subdivided layers. The high-resolution 2D PSM with refined facies was simulated in geological time to model the basin evolution and its impact on all elements and processes of the petroleum system of Browse basin, which have been validated with nearby fields. As a result of this integrated approach, the risk of charge and entrapment in prospective stratigraphic traps was better understood and quantified. In addition, this approach helped to increase yet-to-find (YTF) hydrocarbon resources by accurately predicting reservoir distribution and extent. The generation of a 2D SFM and its integration within a multidisciplinary approach to predict facies represents a novel addition to exploration workflows. Adopting such an approach can improve significantly on the understanding of hydrocarbon entrapment and further reduce exploration risks.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Gas fields Australia"

Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.

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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.

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