Готові списки джерел за темами / Gas-fermentation

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Gas-fermentation"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Gas-fermentation"

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KATO, Junya, and Yutaka NAKASHIMADA. "Gas Fermentation of Chemicals." Oleoscience 21, no. 10 (2021): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.21.417.

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KATO, Junya, and Yutaka NAKASHIMADA. "Gas Fermentation of Chemicals." Oleoscience 21, no. 10 (2021): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.21.417.

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Bastidas-Oyanedel, Juan-Rodrigo, Zuhaida Mohd-Zaki, Raymond J. Zeng, Nicolas Bernet, Steven Pratt, Jean-Philippe Steyer, and Damien John Batstone. "Gas controlled hydrogen fermentation." Bioresource Technology 110 (April 2012): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.122.

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Prusova, Bozena, Jakub Humaj, Michaela Kulhankova, Michal Kumsta, Jiri Sochor, and Mojmir Baron. "Capture of Fermentation Gas from Fermentation of Grape Must." Foods 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030574.

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During alcoholic fermentation, a considerable amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced, and the stream of CO2 can strip aromatic substances from the fermenting must. Aroma losses during fermentation can be significant and may lead to a reduction in wine quality. This study is focused on new fermentation gas capture technology. In the experiment, gas was captured during the fermentation of sauvignon blanc must. The concentration of individual volatile compounds in the fermentation gas was determined using gas chromatography, and the highest values were achieved by isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol and ethyl decanoate. Ethyl dodecanoate achieved the lowest values of the investigated volatile substances. For sensory assessment, quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) compared water carbonated with fermentation gas and water carbonated with commercial carbon dioxide for food purposes. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the captured gas containing positive aromatic substances is suitable for the production of carbonated drinks in the food industry.
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Bengelsdorf, Frank R., Melanie Straub, and Peter Dürre. "Bacterial synthesis gas (syngas) fermentation." Environmental Technology 34, no. 13-14 (July 2013): 1639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2013.827747.

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6

Peng, Zhi Lian, Jin Lin Wang, Jing Jiao, Jin Zhang, Yong Zheng, Gang Wang, Yi Guo Deng, Wei Min Gao, Shuang Mei Qin, and Tao Huang. "Effect of Temperature on Anaerobic Fermentation of Banana Stem Residue." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1501.

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Anaerobic fermentation experiments were conducted on banana (pseudo) stem residue to study the relationship between fermentation temperature and gas production yield and gas production rate, and methane content. Based on fixed dry matter concentration, inoculum concentration and fermentation time, different temperatures, i.e. 25, 30, 35, 40°C were selected and formed four experimental groups. Four levels of single factor tests were conducted to optimize temperature parameter for anaerobic fermentation of banana stem residue. The results showed that the daily gas yield of banana stem residue reached the maximum value of 36.8L on the fourth day at 35°C, and the average gas yield was 5.03L/d. The total gas yield was 402.3L, while the maximum methane content was 61.2% in the whole fermentation process. The results indicated that the comprehensive effect was best at 35°C in anaerobic fermentation of banana stem residue.
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Liu, Jing Hui, Wi Di Zhang, Fang Yin, Jing Liu, Xing Ling Zhao, Shi Qing Liu, Ling Xu, Yu Bao Chen, and Hong Yang. "Effects of Different Treatments on Properties of Biogas Fermentation with Ginger Skin." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.284.

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In order to obtain gas potential and characteristics of ginger skin in biogas fermentation as raw material, and explore effect of different treatments on properties of biogas fermentation with ginger skin. At the temperature of 30°C, biogas fermentations with ginger skin were treated in two ways (natural decay and mixed with pig manure). Experiments were respectively set five different treatments (direct fermentation, natural decay, adding pig manure after natural decay (TS content of pig manure / TS content of ginger skin were respectively 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1)). The results showed gas potential of ginger skin and total gas production were respectively 118.08ml/gTS and 320ml, after the 11th day, the fermentation was in a serious acidification, as a result of stopping gas production. The fermentations with ginger skin which went through natural decay and adding pig manure after natural decay can both eliminate acidification which caused by use of ginger skin directly, and conduce to the fermentation with ginger skin. The fermentation with ginger skin which went through natural decay had higher degradation rate of TS, total gas production, TS gas potential and methane content than fermentation with ginger skin directly.
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Henderson, Neil. "Gas monitor for new fermentation technology." Vacuum 39, no. 6 (January 1989): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(89)90644-1.

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Redl, Stephanie, Martijn Diender, Torbjørn Ølshøj Jensen, Diana Z. Sousa, and Alex Toftgaard Nielsen. "Exploiting the potential of gas fermentation." Industrial Crops and Products 106 (November 2017): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.015.

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Mandenius, Carl Fredrik. "Membrane gas sensors for fermentation monitoring." Journal of Fermentation Technology 65, no. 6 (January 1987): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0385-6380(87)90018-5.

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Дисертації з теми "Gas-fermentation"

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Mollah, Abdul Hamid. "Continuous acetone-butanol fermentation with gas stripping." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318977.

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Janekeh, Massoud. "Ethanol fermentation in a gas-lift bioreactor system." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/933.

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Morrison, Christine Evon. "PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM THE FERMENTATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS." MSSTATE, 2004. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07022004-175606/.

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Ethanol produced from lignocellulosic agricultural products and waste is an environmentally-friendly alternative to petroleum-derived fuel. Lignocellulosic biomass is gasified producing synthesis gas, which is composed of CO, CO2, and H2. Synthesis gas is fermented via anaerobic biocatalyst. The bacterium was grown in a fructose-rich medium then concentrated in ethanol production medium for synthesis gas fermentation. While the known ethanol-producing bacterium Clostridium ljungdahlii was used to provide baseline values for synthesis gas utilization and ethanol production, synthesis gas fermentation were conduced with a culture discovered at Mississippi State University. Additionally, efforts were made to isolate other anaerobic cultures capable of fermenting synthesis gas to ethanol.
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Taconi, Katherine Ann. "Methanogenic generation of biogas from synthesis-gas fermentation wastewaters." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2004. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07072004-085409.

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Silva, Ellen Mae. "A gas-solid spouted bed bioreactor for solid state fermentation /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487945320759412.

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Ford, Jackson Walker. "Production of acetic acid from the fermentation of synthesis gas." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2004. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07062004-133352.

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Liu, Fangfang. "N-Butanol Fermentation and Integrated Recovery Process: Adsorption, Gas Stripping and Pervaporation." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1400277061.

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Shi, Yuzhen. "Algae screening and acclimation for acetaldehyde removal and fermentation gas effluent treatment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10514/.

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Rowe, Peter. "Development of molecular tools for optimisation of C1 gas fermentation in acetogens." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51411/.

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Access to renewable energy and reduction of carbon emissions represent two major issues facing humankind in the twenty first century and beyond. The underlying driving forces behind both are multi-faceted and often intrinsically connected, ranging from environmental concerns over climate change to improving economic security through self-sustaining energy production. Possible solutions to reliance on non-renewable, carbon-emitting fossil fuels have been explored over recent decades, with significant interest placed on biofuels. Due to ease of integration into liquid-based petrochemical fuel infrastructure, these renewable alternatives have been a consistent topic of both industrial and academic interest. Despite offering renewable energy, conventional crop-based biofuel production has faced criticism due to consumption of land, water and other resources associated with agriculture. Acetogens provide a solution to conventional biofuel production due to their utilisation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gas as carbon and energy sources, rather than plant matter. This allows generation of a range of chemical products from a broad range of sources, including industrial waste gases and gasified solid waste. Acetogens offer the double benefit of both renewable energy production, and carbon emission sequestation. This study outlines the development of genetic tools to provide a foundation for using synthetic biology approaches to improve performance of acetogens as industrial chassis. Specifically, development of tools and techniques for the acetogen Clostridium autoethanogenum are described, with further applications of such technology to other Clostridia.
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Jones, Samuel T. "Gas-liquid mass transfer in an external airlift loop reactor for syngas fermentation." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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Книги з теми "Gas-fermentation"

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Maria Celeste de Carvalho Serra. Solubilidade de gases em água e em meios de fermentação. Lisboa: Edic̨ões Colibri, 2007.

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Schievano, Andrea, Deepak Pant, and Sebastià Puig, eds. Microbial Synthesis, Gas-Fermentation and Bioelectroconversion of CO2 and other Gaseous Streams. Frontiers Media SA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88963-262-6.

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3

Hoeksma, P. Options to Improve Gas Prodution and Consumption from Manure Fermentation: Demonstration Project. European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 1989.

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4

Agitator Design for Gas-Liquid Fermenters and Bioreactors. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2021.

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Benz, Gregory T. Agitator Design for Gas-Liquid Fermenters and Bioreactors. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2021.

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Agitator Design for Gas-Liquid Fermenters and Bioreactors. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2021.

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Benz, Gregory T. Agitator Design for Gas-Liquid Fermenters and Bioreactors. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2021.

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8

Liu, Zhidan. Gas Biofuels from Waste Biomass: Principles and Advances. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.

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9

Kirchman, David L. Processes in anoxic environments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0011.

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During organic material degradation in oxic environments, electrons from organic material, the electron donor, are transferred to oxygen, the electron acceptor, during aerobic respiration. Other compounds, such as nitrate, iron, sulfate, and carbon dioxide, take the place of oxygen during anaerobic respiration in anoxic environments. The order in which these compounds are used by bacteria and archaea (only a few eukaryotes are capable of anaerobic respiration) is set by thermodynamics. However, concentrations and chemical state also determine the relative importance of electron acceptors in organic carbon oxidation. Oxygen is most important in the biosphere, while sulfate dominates in marine systems, and carbon dioxide in environments with low sulfate concentrations. Nitrate respiration is important in the nitrogen cycle but not in organic material degradation because of low nitrate concentrations. Organic material is degraded and oxidized by a complex consortium of organisms, the anaerobic food chain, in which the by-products from physiological types of organisms becomes the starting material of another. The consortium consists of biopolymer hydrolysis, fermentation, hydrogen gas production, and the reduction of either sulfate or carbon dioxide. The by-product of sulfate reduction, sulfide and other reduced sulfur compounds, is oxidized back eventually to sulfate by either non-phototrophic, chemolithotrophic organisms or by phototrophic microbes. The by-product of another main form of anaerobic respiration, carbon dioxide reduction, is methane, which is produced only by specific archaea. Methane is degraded aerobically by bacteria and anaerobically by some archaea, sometimes in a consortium with sulfate-reducing bacteria. Cultivation-independent approaches focusing on 16S rRNA genes and a methane-related gene (mcrA) have been instrumental in understanding these consortia because the microbes remain uncultivated to date. The chapter ends with some discussion about the few eukaryotes able to reproduce without oxygen. In addition to their ecological roles, anaerobic protists provide clues about the evolution of primitive eukaryotes.
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Частини книг з теми "Gas-fermentation"

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Mukherjee, Chandan, Debashish Ghosh, and Thallada Bhaskar. "Gas Fermentation." In Biotic Resources, 213–37. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003335740-10.

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Kebreab, Ermias, Luis Tedeschi, Jan Dijkstra, Jennifer L. Ellis, Andre Bannink, and James France. "Modeling Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Enteric Fermentation." In Synthesis and Modeling of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Storage in Agricultural and Forest Systems to Guide Mitigation and Adaptation, 173–95. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/advagricsystmodel6.2013.0006.

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Heinzle, Elmar, and Irving J. Dunn. "Methods and Instruments in Fermentation Gas Analysis." In Biotechnology, 27–74. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620852.ch2.

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Macfarlane, George T., and Glenn R. Gibson. "Carbohydrate Fermentation, Energy Transduction and Gas Metabolism in the Human Large Intestine." In Gastrointestinal Microbiology, 269–318. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4111-0_9.

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Santos, A. S., A. D. Cabo, S. M. Lima, L. M. Ferreira, and M. A. M. Rodrigues. "Fermentation parameters and total gas production of equine caecal and faecal inocula." In Forages and grazing in horse nutrition, 55–58. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-755-4_4.

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Singh, R., C. Srivastava, and M. Srivastava. "Hydrogen Gas Generation from Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pre-Treated Rice Straw by Bacteria Through Dark Fermentation." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 313–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47257-7_29.

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Winter, M. J. "The Application of Single Detector Magnetic Sector Mass Spectro- Meter Systems in Fermentation off-Gas and Liquid Analysis." In Mass Spectrometry in Biotechnological Process Analysis and Control, 17–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0169-2_3.

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Hillman, K., D. Lloyd, and A. G. Williams. "Continuous Monitoring of Fermentation Gases in an Artificial Rumen System (Rusitec) Using A Membrane-Inlet Probe on A Portable Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer." In Gas Enzymology, 201–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5279-9_14.

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Sung, Shihwu, and Po-Heng Lee. "Synthesis Gas Fermentation." In Environmental Anaerobic Technology, 379–92. IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848165434_0018.

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Rachbauer, Lydia, Günther Bochmann, and Werner Fuchs. "Chapter 4 Gas fermentation." In The Autotrophic Biorefinery, 85–112. De Gruyter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110550603-004.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Gas-fermentation"

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PONCE, G. H. S. F., J. C. C. MIRANDA, M. ALVES, M. R. W. MACIEL, R. MACIELF, and R. R. ANDRADE. "SIMULATION, ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF FERMENTATION TEMPERATURE IN AN IN SITU GAS STRIPPING FERMENTATION PROCESS." In XX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeq2014-1902-16973-137339.

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2

Mei, Angeline Queak Wee, Muhammad Ashif Bin Zainuddin, Nirashni A/P Sunthara Raju, Minhaj Uddin Monir, and Azrina Abd Aziz. "Conversion of synthetic gas into biofuel (bioethanol) by fermentation." In THE PHYSICS OF SURFACES: Aspects of the Kinetics and Dynamics of Surface Reaction. AIP, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0114544.

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Keryanti, Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati, and Tjandra Setiadi. "Evaluation of gas mass transfer in reactor for syngas fermentation." In THE 11TH REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (RCChE 2018). Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5094986.

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Cheng, Jun, Junhu Zhou, Binfei Xie, Lin Xie, Jianzhong Liu, and Kefa Cen. "Biohydrogen Production From Food Waste by Anaerobic Fermentation." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50334.

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The biohydrogen production from food wastes by anaerobic fermentation of digested sludge is studied. It is found by gas chromatography analysis that the volumetric ratios of H2 to CO2 in the biogases derived from rice, potato, lean meat and fat are respectively 0.77, 0.82, 0.93 and 0.82. The yield of methane is quite little, because the methane-producing activity is restrained and the hydrogen-producing activity is simultaneously kept when the digested sludge is preheated in the boiling water. Ethanol (0.43%) is the highest volatile fatty acid in the fermentation solution derived from lean meat, implying that it belongs to ethanol-type fermentation. The butyric acid concentrations are the highest (respectively 0.96%, 0.44% and 0.34%) in the fermentation solutions derived from rice, potato and fat, which implies that they all belong to butyric acid-type fermentation.
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J Randall Phillips, Hasan K Atiyeh, Randy S Lewis, and Raymond L Huhnke. "Mass Transfer and Kinetic Limitations During Synthesis Gas Fermentation by Acetogenic Bacteria." In 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.37399.

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Luo, Hongliang, Yu Jin, Yanzhao An, Yukihiko Matsumura, Takayuki Ichikawa, Wookyung Kim, Yutaka Nakashimada, and Keiya Nishida. "Combustion Performance of Methane Fermentation Gas with Hydrogen Addition under Various Ignition Timings." In The 26th Small Powertrains and Energy Systems Technology Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-32-0043.

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Toriyama, H., and Y. Asako. "Effect of a Permanent Magnet on CHS (Compost Heating System)." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12350.

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Effect of a permanent magnet on ventilation of an air duct through compost have been investigated numerically. Some compost yield heat over 60 Celsius in fermentation process. That exothermic reaction produces a considerable amount of heat, which could be a potential heating source. Fermentation reaction requires ventilation, abundant supply of paramagnetic oxygen gas and exhaust of metabolized diamagnetic carbon dioxide gas. Continuous and forced air supply is more efficient rather than the conventional manual turn or stirring as ventilation means. In magneto-fluid-dynamics, the magnetizing force acting on a paramagnetic oxygen gas is applied for the enhancement of air flow, heat and mass transfer. In this research, the enhancement of the air flow of various size air ducts have been numerically investigated by applying a permanent magnet on an air duct. Numerical results shows that a permanent magnet enhances the air flow. The application of a permanent magnet to an air duct is useful for CHS, a promising alternative energy system.
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"The Influence of Hydrogen Concentration in Sparging Gas on Hydrogen Production and Consumption via Anaerobic Fermentation." In 2016 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20162459812.

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Luo, Fei, Ondrej Halgas, Pratish Gawand, and Sagar Lahiri. "Animal-free protein production using precision fermentation." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ntka8679.

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The $1.4 trillion animal industry could not sustainably scale further to feed the next billion population, as it is resource intensive, and heavy in greenhouse gas emission. The recent plant-based food movement has provided solution for more sustainable protein sources. However, the plant-based food sector faces challenges in reaching parity in texture, sensory experience (mouthfeel) and nutritional value as animal products, limiting their potential of reaching beyond the vegan and flexitarian consumers. The technical challenge behind this problem is that proteins from plants have intrinsically different amino acid compositions and structures from animal proteins, making it challenging to emulate the properties of animal products using plant-proteins alone. There is a clear and underserved need for novel protein ingredients that can complement plant-based protein ingredients to achieve parity of animal products. Fermentation is considered the third pillar of alternative protein revolution. At Liven, we focus our efforts on developing precision fermentation technology to produce functional protein ingredients that are natural replica of animal proteins. Using engineering biology, we transforms microorganisms with genes that are responsible for producing animal proteins such as collagen and gelatin. The transformed microorganisms are cultivated in fermenters to produce proteins from plant-based raw-materials. Since the protein produced are have identical amino acid sequences and structure as proteins that would be derived from animals, they provide the desired texture and sensory characteristics currently missing in plant-based formulations. For instance, our animal-free gelatin provides the functionality of thermally reversible gel. As our protein ingredients provides functionality and nutrition value of animal proteins, these ingredients could complement plant-based protein ingredients to deliver alt-protein food formulations more accurately emulate animal products, expand the market acceptance of alt-protein foods to mass consumers.
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Panne, Tobias, Axel Widenhorn, Manfred Aigner, and Marcello Masgrau. "Operation Flexibility and Efficiency Enhancement for a Personal 7kW Gas Turbine System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59048.

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In the present paper a steady state analysis of an externally fired gas turbine cycle for decentralized combined heat and power generation is shown. For the basic cycle design the part load performance, the influence of turbine inlet temperature and the fuel flexibility is investigated. It is demonstrated that the gas turbine is perfectly suitable for the use of alternative fuels such as wood gas, sewage gas or fermentation gas. In addition to the basic design the efficiency enhancement potential of an internally fired gas turbine based on the same turbo machinery is investigated. It is shown that electrical efficiency might be increased by up to 12 percentage points by implementation of a pressurized combustion chamber. In the second part of the paper different SOFC/GT hybrid cycle arrangements are analyzed. The studies include both atmospheric and pressurized cycle arrangements, the latter for internally and externally fired gas turbine. For the presented studies a validated steady state in-house simulation tool is used.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Gas-fermentation"

1

Tanjore, Deepti. Fermentation of low-cost sustainable feedstocks to produce low-greenhouse gas generating food proteins. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1631727.

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2

Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600020.bard.

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Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.
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3

High pressure synthesis gas fermentation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7282297.

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4

High pressure synthesis gas fermentation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7103074.

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High pressure synthesis gas fermentation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6286216.

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6

High pressure synthesis gas fermentation, January 15, 1991--April 14,1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7270080.

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7

High pressure synthesis gas fermentation, January 15, 1991--April 14,1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10176041.

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8

High pressure synthesis gas fermentation. [Quarterly status] report, July 15, 1991--October 14, 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10175335.

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9

High pressure synthesis gas fermentation. [Quarterly status] report, October 15, 1991--January 14, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10175338.

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