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H. Kelly, Andrew. "Amenity enhancement and biodiversity conservation in Australian suburbia." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 6, no. 1/2 (April 8, 2014): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-05-2013-0022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically explore the historical background and current approach of the most common statutory instrument to maintain green landscapes in private residential gardens in cities and townships in suburban New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Design/methodology/approach – The narrative presents a transdisciplinary study. While its emphasis is on law and town planning, it also encompasses local government and legal history while touching upon environmental management and ecological science. This panoply of areas reflects the sheer complexity of the topic. While the presentation is initially descriptive, it moves on to a critique of the NSW Government's recent statutory approach. Findings – The paper demands that further attention must be paid to improving the design and architecture of statutory plans and underlying policies to not only improve urban biodiversity but also retain, as far as practicable, the visual beauty of the suburban landscape. This means reliance on local government to devise their own acceptable approaches. Flexibility rather than rigidity is warranted. Originality/value – The amount of scholarly material on this topic is relatively rare. The majority of information relies on excellent on-ground research and experience on the part of local experts, namely council employees and consultants. Academic and practical material must be drawn together to improve biodiversity conservation at both the local and regional spheres.
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Bennett, Brett M. "Decolonization, Environmentalism and Nationalism in Australia and South Africa." Itinerario 41, no. 1 (April 2017): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115317000079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Decolonization influenced the rise of environmental activism and thought in Australia and South Africa in ways that have been overlooked by national histories of environmentalism and imperial histories of decolonization. Australia and South Africa’s political and cultural movement away from Britain and the Commonwealth during the 1960s is one important factor explaining why people in both countries created more, and more important, public indigenous botanic gardens than anywhere else in the world during that decade. Effective decolonization from Britain also influenced the rise of indigenous gardening and the growing popularity of native gardens at a critical period in gardening and environmental history. Most facets of contemporary gardening—using plants indigenous to the site or region, planting drought-tolerant species, and seeing gardens as sites to help conserve regional and national flora—can be dated to the 1960s and 1970s. The interpretation advanced here adds to historical research tracing how the former Commonwealth settler colonies experienced effective decolonization in the same era. This article expands the focus of research on decolonization to include environmentalism. The interpretation of the article also augments national environmental histories that have hitherto downplayed the influence of decolonization on the rise of environmentalism. Putting decolonization into the history of the rise of environmental thought and action sheds light on why people in contemporary Australia and South Africa are so passionate about protecting indigenous flora and fauna, and so worried about threats posed by non-native invasive species.
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Harvey, Philip. "Conference Summary." ANZTLA EJournal, no. 11 (April 19, 2015): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31046/anztla.vi11.254.
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Harvey, Philip. "Conference Summary." ANZTLA EJournal, no. 11 (October 5, 2017): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31046/anztla.vi11.256.
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Robertson, Emma. "A sense of coherence: Drawing for the mind." Drawing: Research, Theory, Practice 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/drtp_00042_1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As part of the award-winning Big Anxiety Festival in Australia, an exhibition of mixed-media drawings of plants and seeds was displayed at the University of Sydney, at the same time as two public drawing workshops in the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. This paper describes and summarizes the various drawing techniques used in these workshops, and discusses the feedback from participants, who self-identified as having anxiety. Drawing using different types of approaches allowed workshop participants to mediate their tacit knowledge of the symptoms and solutions of living with anxiety, and to transition to a lived experience of proactively using drawings to improve their individual cognition, mindsets and mental health. Utilizing the platform afforded by the promotion of Mental Health Month in New South Wales, allowed the drawing exhibitions and workshops to be understood more broadly within an interdisciplinary context, which embedded their impact on other fields of research, including ecopsychology and biophilia, in a salutogenic model of practice. Specific to this approach, a ‘sense of coherence’ was deliberately embedded in both of the workshops’ sequential drawing exercises, which were observational and objective in intent. The exhibitions in 2017 and 2019 also consciously deployed a ‘sense of coherence’ in their design. Documentation drawings have recently been used as a tool to alleviate anxiety and promote wellness in medical staff working in a UK Emergency Department during the COVID-19 pandemic. This demonstrated the widespread potential applications for drawings to provide an antidote and a method of communication to proactively and positively assist mental health. Further research and exploration of the role that drawing plants and nature can play in the construction of learning in the context of individuals struggling with anxiety may offer routes to new knowledge and better understanding and potentially enhance connections between art and health researchers and institutions globally.
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Gibson, Peter. "The Market Gardens of Dark Dragon Ridge, New South Wales, Australia, 1876–1930." Australian Economic History Review 60, no. 3 (April 2, 2020): 372–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aehr.12195.
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Flynn, Chris. "The Value of Ecological Plantings in Public Gardens." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 7 (October 31, 2009): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2009.150.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper has been developed from a third year dissertation written as part of the Diploma in Horticulture course at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It serves as an overview of the subject of ecological planting and its potential applications within public gardens. It also outlines some scientific benefits regarding ecological studies, the impact that this type of planting may have on horticulture (both in gardens and the nursery trade), and the educational benefits for the public and school groups. The case study below looks at the viability of representing a section of Snow Gum Grassy Woodland (a vegetation type found in New South Wales, Australia) outside in Coates Wood, Wakehurst Place, UK.
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Fitzgerald, Syvia. "Images of Africa at Kew Gardens." African Research & Documentation 68 (1995): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00021671.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Africa had long been of interest in Europe - as we see in the herbals of Charles de l'Escluse (1601), & Mathias de l'Obel (1650). Kew's interest in Africa stems from the earliest days of the Gardens, which were set up in 1759 for Princess Augusta under the supervision of William Aiton, advised by Lord Bute & Sir John Hill. Hill's Hortus Kewensis, published in 1768 lists many trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants from Africa, describes Fritillaria longifolia as new from the Cape of Good Hope and gives a coloured plate of it.Princess Augusta died in 1772, and her Gardens passed to King George III (Farmer George), who appointed Sir Joseph Banks as botanical director. Banks was sharply aware of the worth of field exploration - he had himself just returned from 3 years with Captain Cook on ‘The Endeavour’ during which they explored the South Pacific and coastal Australia.
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Fitzgerald, Syvia. "Images of Africa at Kew Gardens." African Research & Documentation 68 (1995): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00021671.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Africa had long been of interest in Europe - as we see in the herbals of Charles de l'Escluse (1601), & Mathias de l'Obel (1650). Kew's interest in Africa stems from the earliest days of the Gardens, which were set up in 1759 for Princess Augusta under the supervision of William Aiton, advised by Lord Bute & Sir John Hill. Hill's Hortus Kewensis, published in 1768 lists many trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants from Africa, describes Fritillaria longifolia as new from the Cape of Good Hope and gives a coloured plate of it.Princess Augusta died in 1772, and her Gardens passed to King George III (Farmer George), who appointed Sir Joseph Banks as botanical director. Banks was sharply aware of the worth of field exploration - he had himself just returned from 3 years with Captain Cook on ‘The Endeavour’ during which they explored the South Pacific and coastal Australia.
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Mexi, Alexandru. "Planting patterns and exotic plants in nineteenth-century Bucharest public gardens." Gardens and Landscapes of Portugal 6, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/glp-2019-0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The first two public gardens in Bucharest, as well as some of the oldest in the South and East regions of nowadays country of Romania, were designed, built and planted around the mid-nineteenth century by a German-born landscape gardener named Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Meyer. These two public gardens were designed according to modern nineteenth century landscaping concepts and were planted with exotic species of flowers, shrubs and trees not common at that time either in Bucharest or anywhere in the Romanian provinces south or east of the Carpathians. To better understand the design, development, and meaning of these gardens, this paper aims to analyze the specific palette of ornamental species of plants and the planting patterns that were used for the Kiseleff and Cișmigiu gardens in Bucharest and to outline the importance of their use.
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Horiuchi, Lynne, and Anoma Pieris. "Temporal Cities: Commemoration at Manzanar, California and Cowra, Australia." Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 3, no. 3 (October 4, 2017): 292–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23523085-00303003.
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This article compares two former Pacific War incarceration histories in the us and Australia, inquiring how their narratives of confinement and redress might be interpreted spatially and materially, and how these sensibilities are incorporated into contemporary heritage strategies including, in these examples, through Japanese garden designs. At the Manzanar Historic Site in California, the efforts of several generations advocating for civil rights and preservation of the Manzanar Relocation Center have overlapped with the National Park Service’s efforts to fulfil its federal mandates to preserve and restore the historic site. Conversely at Cowra, New South Wales, these histories are interwoven with post-war commemorative spaces, aimed at drawing visitors to former incarceration sites and encouraging contemplation of these difficult histories. This article analyses their complex creative processes and interpretive strategies as useful for drawing these isolated national stories into broader global interrogations of their significance.
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Emmett, A. J., S. Clarke, and S. Howles. "Conjunctive wetland treatment/aquifer storage and recovery at Regent Gardens residential development, Northfield, South Australia." Desalination 106, no. 1-3 (August 1996): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(96)00136-1.
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Burgin, Shelley, Andrew Norris, and David Karlson. "Alternanthera philoxeroides in New South Wales, Australia: Are We Closer to Control of Alligator Weed?" Weed Technology 24, no. 2 (June 2010): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-08-059.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Alligator weed is a serious weed in many countries. In Australia, it is a “weed of national significance” because of its actual and potential impact. We surveyed all local governments in New South Wales in 2001 and 2007 to determine whether the weed is being contained. We found an increased number and extent of infestations, despite more resources and a better knowledge base. Most considered that further research is needed in tactics for control of the weed. On the basis of current containment in urban gardens, we recommend that governments better mobilize the community (e.g., bush restoration consultants, Landcare groups) to deal with alligator weed infestations.
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Rehman, Ramsha, Affira Atta, and Seemin Aslam. "IMPACT OF CULTURAL SHIFT ON THE GREEN-SCAPE OF LAHORE, FROM MUGHALS TO PRESENT." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 15, no. 2 (December 25, 2013): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap1522013_2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lahore has a glorious history and it remained a chief cultural centre throughout the past from Ghaznavids Rule to the independence of the sub-continent. The city which was known as the City of Gardens has experienced a changing trend in garden design over a period of time, from the past to present. Initially the changes were brought about by the immigrants or invaders but now the trend in designing of parks are changing, faster than ever before. Lahore has the privilege to preserve the timeline of the changes brought about by the culture in the design of Green-Scape. This paper discusses the changing trends in park design by mapping out the expanding Lahore thus recognizing the present status of its Green-scape under the growing urban development of Lahore and the changes brought in its design and concepts, due to the cultural-Shift from Mughals to contemporary times. From past to present, the cultural change and the trends in living has influenced the design and layout of parks and gardens of the city. The Mughals brought the tradition of creating formal gardens to South Asia based on Chaharbagh; a Persian tradition. The tradition of laying out new gardens in the city remained an important part even after the decline of Mughals during Sikh period. The British also marked their name in the list of gardens at Lahore by introducing new concept in terms of botanical gardens. After independence until now, the gardens and parks continued to emerge on the map of Lahore but with varied modes and shades, influenced by globalization. Currently the urban sprawl of Lahore is increasing with a faster pace than ever before and along with it the concept behind the design and development of Green-Scape is also flourishing, bringing back the lost glory of Lahore, once called the “CITY OF GARDENS".
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Mahmoudi Farahani, Leila, Cecily Maller, and Kath Phelan. "Private Gardens as Urban Greenspaces: Can They Compensate for Poor Greenspace Access in Lower Socioeconomic Neighbourhoods?" Landscape Online 59 (May 18, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201859.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing process of urbanisation has major implications for the environment, biodiversity, and health and well-being of urban residents. Empirical evidence for urban greening benefits suggests that it is an appropriate planning and policy approach for tackling some of the problems associated with urbanisation, including biodiversity loss and heat island effects. Gardens on private residential lots represent a substantial proportion of greenspaces in low density cities with extensive suburban areas. Drawing on a qualitative study of residents in Sunshine North, Melbourne, Australia, this paper discusses three questions about the relationship of private gardens to public greenspaces:1) how does residents’ use of private gardens impact their use of other neighbourhood greenspaces;2) can private gardens address inequality of access to greenspaces in lower income neighbourhoods; and,3) what does this imply for planning and neighbourhood design?Contrary to previous research, the findings did not show a meaningful relationship between residents’ use of their gardens and local greenspaces, and further, that large yards and gardens do not substitute for poor access to local greenspaces. The paper concludes that policy makers and planners cannot assume private gardens and public greenspaces are interchangeable. While private gardens and local greenspaces can both provide positive benefits to residents, private gardens do not act as a substitute for local greenspaces in neighbourhoods of varying socio-economic status.
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NURSEY-BRAY, MELISSA, ELEANOR PARNELL, RACHEL A. ANKENY, HEATHER BRAY, and DIANNE RUDD. "Community gardens as pathways to community resilience? Reflections on a pilot study in Adelaide, South Australia." South Australian Geographical Journal 113, i_current (2014): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/sagj-2016-004.
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Aldous, David E. "Perspectives on Horticultural Therapy in Australia." HortTechnology 10, no. 1 (January 2000): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.1.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human awareness of plants in Australia goes back 50,000 years when the aboriginal first began using plants to treat, clothe and feed themselves. The European influence came in 1778 with the First Fleet landing in New South Wales. Australia's earliest records of using horticulture for therapy and rehabilitation were in institutions for people with intellectual disabilities or who were incarcerated. Eventually, legislation created greater awareness in the government and community for the needs of persons with disabilities, and many worthwhile projects, programs and organizations were established or gained greater recognition. Horticultural therapy programs may be found in nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, adult training support services, hospitals, day centers, community centers and gardens, educational institutions, supported employment, and the prisons system. This article reviews the history and development of Australian horticulture as a therapy in the treatment of disabilities and social disadvantaged groups, and includes an overview of programs offered for special populations and of Australia's horticultural therapy associations. It also discusses opportunities for research, teaching and extension for horticultural therapy in Australia.
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Pollard, Georgia, Philip Roetman, James Ward, Belinda Chiera, and Evangeline Mantzioris. "Beyond Productivity: Considering the Health, Social Value and Happiness of Home and Community Food Gardens." Urban Science 2, no. 4 (September 20, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2040097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We are living in an age of concern for mental health and wellbeing. The objective of the research presented in this paper is to investigate the perceived health, social value and happiness benefits of urban agriculture (UA) by focusing on home and community food gardens in South Australia. The results reported in this paper are from “Edible Gardens”, a citizen science project designed to investigate the social value, productivity and resource efficiency of UA in South Australia. Methods include an online survey and in-field garden data collection. Key findings include: dominant home gardener motivations were the produce, enjoyment, and health, while dominant community gardener motivations were enjoyment, connection to others and the produce. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four key factors: Tranquillity and Timeout, Develop and Learn Skills, the Produce, and Social Connection. The key difference between home and community gardeners was an overall social connection. Although home gardeners did not appear to actively value or desire inter-household social connection, this does not mean they do not value or participate in other avenues of social connection, such as via social learning sources or by sharing food with others. The combined results from this research regarding health and wellbeing, social connection and happiness support the premise that engagement in home or community food gardening may provide a preventative or supportive role for gardener health and wellbeing, regardless of whether it is a conscious motivation for participation.
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Adeniran Adedeji, Joseph, Joseph Akinlabi Fadamiro, and Timothy Oluseyi Odeyale. "Evidence-Based Design of University Zoological Gardens: A Perception Study in South-west Nigeria." Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2018.3670.
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Mude, William Wingard, Christopher M. Fisher, Roslyn Le Gautier, Jack Wallace, and Jacqueline A. Richmond. "South Sudanese perceptions of health and illness in South Australia." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 16, no. 4 (October 23, 2020): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-10-2019-0082.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose South Sudanese people form the largest number of resettled refugees in Australia between 2003 and 2004. This study aims to explore how this community understands and responds to health and illness. No study has specifically examined the concept of health and illness in the broader socio-cultural context of the South Sudanese people in Australia. Design/methodology/approach The design was a qualitative study using interviews and focus group discussions with 33 South Sudanese people in Adelaide, South Australia. Participants were asked to reflect on their understanding of health and illness and influences on their access and use of health and other services. Data were electronically audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Findings Three main themes emerged from the analysis demonstrating complex and multifaceted views on health and illness. Participants described health as both a lack of disease and wider issues involving social belonging and participation, cultural well-being, living conditions and harmony in the society. They revealed that illnesses are predetermined by God or caused by a curse, breaking a cultural taboo, disharmony with the environment, community and ancestral spirits. Participants deeply tied their beliefs about illness causation and treatment to their historical, social and cultural lived realities, shaping their responses and health-care-seeking decisions. Originality/value The current study revealed a complex understanding of health and health-care-seeking practices amongst South Sudanese Australians. The multifaceted views of health and health-care-seeking practices underscore the importance of person-centred care for culturally and linguistically diverse people.
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Keydoszius, Renee, and Mary Haque. "DESIGNING A CHILDREN'S WATER GARDEN IN THE SOUTH CAROLINA BOTANICAL GARDEN AS AN OUTDOOR LEARNING LAB FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 873c—873. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.873c.
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During the fall semester of 2003, a Clemson University introductory landscape design class collaborated with South Carolina Botanical Gardens staff and coordinators of Sprouting Wings, an after school gardening program for at risk children, to design an exploratory Children's Garden within the Botanical Gardens. Project methodology included site selection, research, site analysis, conceptual diagrams, preliminary designs, and full color renderings of final designs. Students periodically presented their progress on the project to the clients in order to receive feedback and advice. One of the thirteen themed gardens designed is the Wonders of Water Garden. Project goals were to create a center for environmental education addressing current issues in water quality such as pollution from industries and runoff, erosion, stream degradation, and sedimentation resulting from land clearing and development. Visitors will be able to observe and learn about various environmental factors affecting native plant and animal life. The garden will help to teach environmental stewardship and understanding of general aquatic ecology. An observation deck, serpentine bridge through a bog garden, and a bridge crossing a waterfall stream will allow close observation of native aquatic plant and animal life. The Wonders of Water Garden design includes the bog garden and carnivorous garden that border two pools connected by a stream of small waterfalls which may be used to create awareness of current water quality issues and serve as a model to teach visitors the importance of water and aquatic plants in the environment.
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Polomski*, Robert F., Carri Carver Wallace, Mary Taylor Haque, Lisa K. Wagner, James E. Arnold, Amy D. Craddock, Christian Maloney Cicimurri, and Lisa D. Chancellor. "Designing a Children's Garden for Experiential Learning in the South Carolina Botanical Garden." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 810E—811. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.810e.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An interdisciplinary team of Clemson Univ. faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students partnered with the South Carolina Botanical Garden staff and children from the “Sprouting Wings” after-school garden program to plan and design a 2.5-acre Children's Garden. Imaginative and educational, the plans call for a series of outdoor theme gardens. Proposals for 13 theme gardens include a “Dinosaur Dig”, a “Food for Thought Garden”, a “Hide-and-Seek Garden”, a “Terraced Sitting Garden”, an “Ethnobotany Garden”, a “Wonders of Water Garden”, a “Learning from Nature Outdoor Classroom”, a “Carolina Fence Garden”, a “Cottage Garden”, a “Bold View Butterfly Garden”, a “Woodland Wonderland”, a “Playful Plaza Garden,” and an “Arbored Entrance and Exit Garden.” Project methodology included research, case studies, site analysis, program development, preliminary plans, master plan, and individual garden designs with plan views, elevation drawings, detail drawings, and plant lists. Using an experiential learning pedagogy, a design class of 15 students contributed an estimated 2,000 hours of work while learning about landscape design. Results included 30 drawing boards depicting research, analysis, and design proposals, which were presented to the South Carolina Botanical Garden Staff for approval in Fall 2003. Note: This material is based upon work supported by the cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 2002-38411-122122. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
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Peng, Fanke, Benjamin Altieri, Todd Hutchinson, Anthony J. Harris, and Daniel McLean. "Design for Social Innovation: A Systemic Design Approach in Creative Higher Education toward Sustainability." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 8075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The role and responsibilities of our creative Higher Education are evolving in our ever-changing society. Systemic design thinking equips our design students with the means to promote sustainable development objectives via engagement, community building and discourse. This study reflects on interdisciplinary resource recovery projects for the City of Adelaide (CoA) during a final-year systemic design course in the Product Design programme at the University of South Australia. Since 2015, the core design team has collaborated with external partners outside of HE sectors, including NGOs, local councils, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) government and the South Australia (SA) government, to promote social innovation towards sustainability. Systemic design is one of the core courses of the Bachelor of Design, Product Design programme within the faculty of Creative, University of South Australia. In this course, system thinking combined with project-based learning (PBL) was adapted and illustrated to demonstrate good systemic design practice for social innovation. This study was focussed on how we can collaborate on a variety of interdisciplinary projects to contribute to the realisation of the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from a human-centred systemic design perspective.
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Yang, Hyungmo. "Analysis of the Apartment Design Guideline of New South Wales, Australia." Journal of the Korean Institute of Interior Design 31, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14774/jkiid.2022.31.3.072.
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Karuppannan, Sadasivam, and Alpana Sivam. "Healthy Ageing and Neighbourhood Design: A Case Study in South Australia." International Journal of Aging and Society 2, no. 3 (2013): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2160-1909/cgp/v02i03/35213.
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Brooker, P. "Sampling design for irrigated vineyards in the riverland of South Australia." Environment International 23, no. 2 (1997): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(97)00007-x.
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EDGECOMBE, GREGORY D., and GONZALO GIRIBET. "A new blind Lamyctes (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha) from Tasmania with an analysis of molecular sequence data for the Lamyctes- Henicops Group." Zootaxa 152, no. 1 (March 5, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.152.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The cosmopolitan, parthenogenetic centipede Lamyctes coeculus (Brölemann, 1889), type species of Lamyctinus Silvestri, 1909, occurs in New South Wales and Lord Howe Island, Australia, the former genetically identical to specimens from Tucumán, Argentina. Parsimony analysis of complete sequences of 18S rRNA and fragments of 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I for the Lamyctes-Henicops group suggests that loss of ocelli in Lamyctes coeculus has an independent origin from blindness in Lamyctes hellyeri n. sp. from northern Tasmania. Lamyctinus is nested within Lamyctes Meinert, 1868, its senior synonym. Lamyctes hellyeri is known exclusively from females in gardens, and is probably introduced to Tasmania.
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Ollerton, Jeff, Judith Trunschke, Kayri Havens, Patricia Landaverde-González, Alexander Keller, Amy-Marie Gilpin, André Rodrigo Rech, et al. "Pollinator-flower interactions in gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown of 2020." Journal of Pollination Ecology 31 (July 27, 2022): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2022)695.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the main COVID-19 global pandemic lockdown period of 2020 an impromptu set of pollination ecologists came together via social media and personal contacts to carry out standardised surveys of the flower visits and plants in gardens. The surveys involved 67 rural, suburban and urban gardens, of various sizes, ranging from 61.18° North in Norway to 37.96° South in Australia, resulting in a data set of 25,174 rows, with each row being a unique interaction record for that date/site/plant species, and comprising almost 47,000 visits to flowers, as well as records of flowers that were not visited by pollinators, for over 1,000 species and varieties belonging to more than 460 genera and 96 plant families. The more than 650 species of flower visitors belong to 12 orders of invertebrates and four of vertebrates. In this first publication from the project, we present a brief description of the data and make it freely available for any researchers to use in the future, the only restriction being that they cite this paper in the first instance. The data generated from these global surveys will provide scientific evidence to help us understand the role that private gardens (in urban, rural and suburban areas) can play in conserving insect pollinators and identify management actions to enhance their potential.
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Modibedi, TP, MMS Maake, MR Masekoameng, SS Tekana, and OS Oduniyi. "Vegetable consumption patterns of urban farmers in community gardens in Emfuleni local municipality, Gauteng province of South Africa." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 04 (May 31, 2021): 17891–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.99.18910.
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Lack of adequate vegetable consumption may contribute to micronutrient deficiency especially in developing countries where low intake of nutrient-dense animal products is common. Despite growing evidence that vegetable consumption is of great importance, only about 25.6% South Africans consume sufficient vegetables per day. This research was carried out to investigate the vegetable consumption patterns of urban farmers in Emfuleni Local Municipality, South Africa. The objectives were to determine reasons why urban farmers consume vegetables, vegetable intake patterns in a 24-hour recall,and factors influencing vegetable consumption patterns. The study was conducted in six (6)large townships of Emfuleni Local Municipality using a quantitative research approach and survey design. A sample of 254 urban farmers were randomly selected from 30 urban community gardens with a population of 418 farmers. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured survey questionnaire. Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Program for the Social Sciences Version 23. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and ordered logistic regression model were explored to analyse the data. The results revealed that 96.1% and 93.3% of farmers in urban community gardens consumed vegetables as a relish and salad,respectively. Vegetables were mostly consumed during dinner because most respondents were physically present in the community gardens during the day. The results of the factors influencing vegetable consumption patterns showed that out of 10 independent variables chosen, only three (age group, level of education,and main source of income)were positive and statistically significant. The study, therefore, recommends that farmers should include vegetables in all three of their daily meals (breakfast, lunch,and dinner). Education in the form of training should be provided to the urban farmers to create awareness in the community about the importance of vegetable gardens and the consumption of vegetables across all age groups.
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Thabisile Mpanza, Nondumiso, and Mfaniseni Wiseman Mbatha. "The Role of Women in Improving Access to Food at the Household Level in Mandeni Local Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n2a8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper censoriously assesses the role of women in improving access to food at the household level. The role of women is essential in the production of food as caretakers of household food security. However, their role is not well recognised, more especially in policymaking and resource allocation. This study was conducted through a qualitative approach with an exploratory research design. The participants were sampled with convenience sampling and interviewed with semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was employed as a tool for data analysis. The study adopted feminisation of poverty as a primary theory of this paper. Certain aspects of the study reveal that women have been struggling to access food from the diversity of retail vents that are obtainable in town because of low income and limitations of transport service. This is a constraint to women who depend on the off-farm sources of income because their household’s livelihood depends on purchasing food from retail vents. Those who rely on home gardens were experiencing low productivity and the unsustainability of their gardens. This has been caused by water scarcity and climate change. Therefore, women must be provided with training that seeks to develop their skills on how to make effective use of home gardens so that food security can be ensured.
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Franks, S. W. "Multi-decadal climate variability, New South Wales, Australia." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 7 (April 1, 2004): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0437.
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Traditional hydrological risk estimation has treated the observations of hydro-climatological extremes as being independent and identically distributed, implying a static climate risk. However, recent research has highlighted the persistence of multi-decadal epochs of distinct climate states across New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Climatological studies have also revealed multi-decadal variability in the magnitude and frequency of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts. In this paper, examples of multi-decadal variability are presented with regard to flood and drought risk. The causal mechanisms for the observed variability are then explored. Finally, it is argued that the insights into climate variability provide (a) useful lead time for forecasting seasonal hydrological risk, (b) a strong rationale for a new framework for hydrological design and (c) a strong example of natural climate variability for use in the testing of General Circulation Models of climate change.
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Guitart, Daniela A., Jason A. Byrne, and Catherine M. Pickering. "Greener growing: assessing the influence of gardening practices on the ecological viability of community gardens in South East Queensland, Australia." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 58, no. 2 (December 5, 2013): 189–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2013.850404.
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Ford, Ruth. "‘I shut my eyes and picture our place’: gardens, farm landscapes and working-class dreams in 1930s–1940s south-eastern Australia." Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 31, no. 2 (June 2011): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2011.556374.
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BROADLEY, ADAM, ELLEN KAUSCHKE, and WERNER MOHRIG. "Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions." Zootaxa 4415, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.1.
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Male sciarids collected in Australia from inside post-entry quarantine and domestic greenhouses and from vegetable gardens and various plants, were slide mounted and identified. Specimens intercepted during on-arrival biosecurity inspections of imported nursery stock plants were also examined, and the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries collection of slide-mounted Sciaridae was reviewed. Plant and mushroom pest species that are present in Australia are Bradysia impatiens (Johannsen), B. ocellaris (Comstock), Lycoriella agraria (Felt), L. ingenua (Dufour) = Sciara womersleyi Séguy, 1940 syn. n., L. sativae (Johannsen) = Sciara auberti Séguy, 1940 syn. n., Sciara jeanneli Séguy, 1940 syn. n., Sciara solispina Hardy, 1956 syn. n., and Cosmosciara hartii (Johannsen, 1912) comb. n. = Plastosciara perniciosa Edwards, 1922 syn. n. The last species is a new record for Australia. Bradysia tilicola (Loew) and Pnyxia scabiei (Hopkins) are potential pest species, but they have not been reported yet from Australia. An identification key to enable separation of the pest species is provided. Species with uncertain connections to plant and mushroom cultures are B. pallipes (Fabricius), B. strenua (Winnertz, 1867) = B. watsoni Colless, 1962 syn. n., Corynoptera concinna (Winnertz), (all three species are new records for the Australian mainland) and Hyperlasion aliens Mohrig (a new record for Tasmania). Bradysia spatitergum (Hardy) and Scatopsciara atomaria (Zetterstedt) were intercepted during the on-arrival biosecurity inspections of live plants imported from China and Canada respectively. Both species are widespread overseas but are not known to occur in Australia.
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Warren, C. R. "Potential organic and inorganic N uptake by six Eucalyptus species." Functional Plant Biology 33, no. 7 (2006): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp06045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are no published studies of organic N uptake by species of south-eastern Australia (e.g. Eucalyptus) despite several studies of ecosystem N cycling. This study examines uptake of nitrate, ammonium and glycine (an amino acid) by six species of 16-year-old Eucalyptus growing at two plantations (‘common gardens’). By using two plantations, one xeric / oligotrophic and one mesic / eutrophic, I was able to disentangle genotypic from phenotypic differences in preference for N forms. Measurements were made on three separate occasions during spring. N uptake was examined in situ with attached roots placed in uptake solutions containing equimolar 100 μmol L–1 concentrations of 15N-nitrate, 15N-ammonium and 2-13C215N-glycine. Water and KCl extracts were used to determine the relative abundances of nitrate, ammonium and amino acids at the two plantations. Nitrate dominated at the eutrophic site, but was nearly absent at the oligotrophic site. N at the oligotrophic site was dominated by ammonium and amino acids which were present in similar concentrations. The rate of uptake of ammonium (6.3 ± 0.4 μmol g h–1; mean ± s.e., n = 108), was faster than glycine (3.4 ± 0.2), which was faster than nitrate (0.62 ± 0.07). Plant ‘preference’ for N forms did not vary between sites despite large differences in the relative abundances of N forms (nitrate v. ammonium v. amino acids). Hence, there was little evidence for acclimation of Eucalyptus species to differences in the relative availability of N forms. This study suggests the possibility for considerable organic N uptake in the field. Previous studies of ecosystem N cycling in south-eastern Australia have only examined inorganic N. The N cycle in south-eastern Australia needs to be revisited with a new perspective, one that considers inorganic N and organic N.
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Oram, R. N., V. Ferreira, R. A. Culvenor, A. A. Hopkins, and A. Stewart. "The first century of Phalaris aquatica L. cultivation and genetic improvement: a review." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
2006 marked the centenary of the commercial propagation of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) as a cultivated pasture plant, firstly in Australia, and soon after in New Zealand, South Africa, and North and South America. Small-scale evaluation of cv. Australian began in the Toowoomba Botanic Gardens, Queensland, in 1884. The first recorded large-scale production of seed was at the Glen Innes Research Farm of the NSW Department of Agriculture in February 1906. By 1908–15, several graziers in Australia and New Zealand sold seed widely within Australia, New Zealand, USA, Argentina, and South Africa. Factors affecting the utilisation of the original cultivar in Australia over the first half-century are reviewed. Thereafter, the need to extend the area of perennial pastures into regions unsuitable for cv. Australian led CSIRO and the US Department of Agriculture to collect germplasm widely in the Mediterranean region. Selection between and within Moroccan populations produced cvv. Sirocco and El Golea in Australia, and cv. Perla koleagrass in the USA. In Argentina, selection within cv. Australian produced the very successful, seed-retaining cv. Pergamino El Gaucho INTA, which was re-selected in Australia to produce cv. Seedmaster. The discovery of a single seed-retaining plant within a certified line of cv. Australian gave cv. Uneta, which had excellent seed retention because the rachillae of most seeds remained intact at maturity. In Australia, selection in populations derived from crosses between cv. Australian and Mediterranean ecotypes gave a succession of winter-active cultivars: Sirosa, Sirolan, Holdfast, Landmaster, Atlas PG, Advanced AT, and Holdfast GT. The latter 5 have Uneta-type seed retention, reduced tryptamine and tyramine alkaloids, and adaptation to different soil and climatic niches. Populations for the hotter, drier inland slopes of NSW are being field-tested. Also, a promising but unstable semi-dwarf line has been found: dwarfism appears to be caused by a transposable element. Breeding and selection programs in Argentina, several states of the USA, New Zealand, Israel, Tunisia, and Greece also produced cultivars with specific adaptations. Active breeding programs are continuing at Ardmore, OK, USA, and Pergamino, Argentina. A major remaining obstacle to the further improvement and utilisation of phalaris is the unknown chemical nature of the toxin(s) causing ‘sudden death’, which temporarily interfere with nitrogen metabolism in the brains of herbivores, especially ruminants.
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Lowry, Michael, and Jeff Murphy. "Monitoring the recreational gamefish fishery off south-eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 4 (2003): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The east coast Australian gamefish fishery is a diverse, multi-species fishery that targets billfish, sharks, tuna and other pelagic fish along the east Australian seaboard. A Gamefish Tournament Monitoring Program (GTMP) was undertaken, and 39021 angler trips from 1996 to 2000 were analysed. The program reports on trends in fishing effort, catch rates, catch composition, proportions of captures tagged and released and spatial distribution of catches for the principal recreational billfish species: black marlin (Makaira indica), striped marlin (Tetrapterus audax) and blue marlin (Makiara nigricans).The GTMP was principally designed as part of an integrated program to monitor the recreational gamefish fishery. The spatial and temporal design of the program restricted statistical analyses however, there were trends in fishing effort, directed effort, catch rates, catch composition, proportions of fish tagged and spatial distribution of catches for the principal recreational billfish species over seven successive years (1994–2000). Analysis of catch data, stratified by directed effort, indicated significant differences in catches of target species, demonstrating the importance of calculating catch rate estimates according to the main target preference. Analysis of tournament based tagging information indicated that while overall tournament tagging rates remained high (88%) there were significant differences in the number of fish tagged between species groups highlighting the impact that angler attitude and the competition point score structure has on the harvest of gamefish target species.
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Merrillees, R. S. "Greece and the Australian Classical connection." Annual of the British School at Athens 94 (November 1999): 457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006824540000068x.
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The study of ancient Greek and Latin in Australia and New Zealand, especially at Sydney Church of England Grammar School in New South Wales, produced this century a number of leading scholars who made a major contribution to the study of Old World archaeology in Europe and Australia this century. Among them were V. G. Childe, T. J. Dunbabin, J. R. Stewart and A. D. Trendall. In developing their respective fields of expertise, all spent some time in Greece, as students, excavators, research workers and soldiers, and had formative links with the British School at Athens. Australia's debt to the Classics is reflected not only in the life-long attachment to their legacy, and to Greece, by the former Prime Minister, the Hon. E. G. Whitlam, but in the perpetuation of their influence in such Colonial and modern structures as the monument of Lysicrates in Sydney's Botanic Gardens and the National Library and new Parliament House in Canberra, and in an official poster illustrating multiculturalism in Australia. Despite their role in shaping Australia's European history, the teaching of Classics is under threat as never before, and the late Enoch Powell, at one time Professor of Ancient Greek at the University of Sydney, has stigmatised the obscurantism which threatens to impoverish if not undermine Western civilisation by closing access to knowledge of our Classical past.
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Pollard, Georgia, James Ward, and Philip Roetman. "Water Use Efficiency in Urban Food Gardens: Insights from a Systematic Review and Case Study." Horticulturae 4, no. 3 (September 12, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4030027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water use and the cost of water are key factors when considering the net value of urban agriculture (UA). This systematic review critically evaluates past and recent UA yield research from the perspective of water use efficiency. A systematic literature search was conducted using the databases Scopus, ProQuest Agriculture and Environment, and Web of Science for references from 1975 to 2018, with 25 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Of these, only five articles had actively collected UA water use data, all on purpose-built experimental gardens. Considering the scarcity of UA water use efficiency and water measurement literature, South Australia is presented as a case study to demonstrate the considerable diversity of water pricing, water sources and irrigation methods available to urban food growers. The practical challenges of garden placement and the wide variety of cultivation techniques, water sources and irrigation methods are reviewed. Four equations to calculate the water use efficiency (WUE) of UA are proposed and demonstrated. Collection of additional UA water use data would support more robust evaluations of the water use efficiency and economic implications of different cultivation techniques. Further work in this field will enable a realistic understanding of the current and future contribution of UA to our society.
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Davoren, Elandrie, Stefan Siebert, Sarel Cilliers, and Marié Joey du Toit. "Influence of socioeconomic status on design of Batswana home gardens and associated plant diversity patterns in northern South Africa." Landscape and Ecological Engineering 12, no. 1 (September 5, 2015): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11355-015-0279-x.
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McDonald, P., D. R. Jellie, B. Shepherd, A. Smith, S. D. Bourne, P. Donald, K. F. A. Corcoran, S. N. Mustow, P. Brady, and R. E. Ruganda. "Design and construction of the elevated section of the Westgate Freeway, South Melbourne, Australia." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport 100, no. 2 (May 1993): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/itran.1993.23224.
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Stewart, RR, T. Noyce, and HP Possingham. "Opportunity cost of ad hoc marine reserve design decisions: an example from South Australia." Marine Ecology Progress Series 253 (2003): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps253025.
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Montgomery, Roy. "Diffident cities: town design as a collaborative process in South Australia and New Zealand?" Planning Perspectives 23, no. 2 (April 2008): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665430801906497.
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Morrison, Mark, and Michael Lockwood. "Informing Program Design for Connectivity Conservation in the New South Wales Southern Highlands, Australia." Society & Natural Resources 27, no. 1 (November 5, 2013): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.840814.
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McNicoll, Russell. "HORIZONTAL DRILLING IN AUSTRALIA: THREE CASE HISTORIES." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three horizontal wells with horizontal sections of up to 331 m were drilled successfully during the development of the marginal North Herald and South Pepper oil and gas fields, which have relatively thin oil columns (6 to 12 m) at a depth of some 1200 m sub-sea. A steerable motor system was used to maintain directional control within the design parameters. This system proved to be successful from the start and no major changes to the bottom hole assembly design were required to drill all the wells. Average drilling time including running and setting the seven inch liner amounted to 12 days. The wells were tested with rates up to 7500 BOPD through a one inch choke.
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Breed, Christina A., Agata Morelli, Christian W. W. Pirk, Catherine L. Sole, Marié J. Du Toit, and Sarel S. Cilliers. "Could Purposefully Engineered Native Grassland Gardens Enhance Urban Insect Biodiversity?" Land 11, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081171.
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Progress is required in response to how cities can support greater biodiversity. This calls for more research on how landscape designers can actively shape urban ecologies to deliver context-specific empirical bases for green space intervention decisions. Design experiments offer opportunities for implemented projects within real-world settings to serve as learning sites. This paper explores preliminary ecological outcomes from a multidisciplinary team on whether purposefully engineered native grassland gardens provide more habitat functions for insects than mainstream gardens in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. Six different sites were sampled: two recently installed native grassland garden interventions (young native), two contemporary non-native control gardens (young non-native) on the same premises and of the same ages as the interventions, one remnant of a more pristine native grassland reference area (old native), and one long-established, non-native reference garden (old non-native). Plant and insect diversity were sampled over one year. The short-term findings suggest that higher plant beta diversity (species turnover indicating heterogeneity in a site) supports greater insect richness and evenness in richness. Garden size, age, and connectivity were not clear factors mediating urban habitat enhancement. Based on the preliminary results, the researchers recommend high native grassland species composition and diversity, avoiding individual species dominance, but increasing beta diversity and functional types when selecting garden plants for urban insect biodiversity conservation in grassland biomes.
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Whitmire, Heather, and Mary Haque. "INCORPORATING CREATIVE LEARNING INTO HORTICULTURE CLASSES." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 883d—883. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.883d.
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The Clemson University Communication Across The Curriculum program is coordinating a creative response for learning (CRL) project to provide students with creative learning and critical thinking opportunities relevant to course content while creating a learning community. Faculty representing numerous disciplines asked their students to respond with creative projects (e.g., drawings, poems, posters, multimedia, sculpture, music, etc.) to the subject matter of the course. Students in Horticulture courses responded by writing poems in a Landscape Appreciation class, designing creative solutions to environmental problems in a Landscape Design Class, and installing an Ethnobotany Garden in a landscape implementation class. The landscape design and implementation classes used a service learning methodology to identify and solve problems in local communities. Following a four-part process of preparation, action, reflection, and celebration, students in the design class completed plans for thirteen theme gardens constituting a Children's garden in the South Carolina Botanical Garden. The following semester, landscape implementation students built the first of the series, an Ethnobotany Garden, using teamwork and university/community partnerships. They also practiced individual creative thinking and building skills through the design and installation of creative projects including a bat house, a stained glass and a broken tile birdhouse, four container gardens, artistic stepping-stones, and a dramatic metal sculpture of a butterfly representing the sustainable wildlife habitat aspect of the Children's garden. College students and faculty working on the Ethnobotany Garden project alone contributed over 1,000 hours to their community while learning more about both the art and the science of landscape design and implementation.
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Evenden, A. R. "Sea water reverse osmosis - energy efficiency & recovery." Water Practice and Technology 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.023.
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The Adelaide desalination plant, located in South Australia, was designed and built by the AdelaideAqua construction consortium for the South Australian Water Corporation (SA Water), a wholly owned public utility. Construction commenced in 2009 at a green field site (Port Stanvac) south of Adelaide, with drinking water production from October 2011 and full production capability and handover to the plant operator on 12 December 2012. The facility uses 100% renewable energy and provides the people of South Australia with one of the most energy efficient sea water desalination plants in the World. This paper examines the performance of the Adelaide desalination plant in terms of energy efficiency. Specific energy saving technologies and innovations are described, including assessment of design and actual performance. The Adelaide desalination plant has achieved 8% lower energy consumption compared to the project's initial design requirements and the specific energy consumption of 3.48 kWh/m3 compares well with industry benchmark efficiencies.
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Wakelin-King, Gresley. "Using geomorphology to assess contour furrowing in western New South Wales, Australia." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 2 (2011): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj10080.
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This study examines landscape rehabilitation treatments installed 20–40 years ago in the Western Catchment of NSW. Treatment outcomes were assessed using geomorphic criteria, because geomorphic processes are fundamental to ecological permanence. Contour furrowing creates artificial runoff-runon sets which intercept runoff (resistance to flow by windrows microrelief and surface roughness) and promote infiltration (artificial permeability by ripping). As originally conceived, after windrows subside, flow resistance would be afforded by surface roughness under belts of vegetation. This study shows that rehabilitation treatments have a more complex relationship with the landscape than this would suggest, and that the final effect of the treatment depends on the geomorphic processes natural to the site. Treatment design should therefore be site-specific. The relevant aspects of treatment design are site location, runoff : runon ratio (expressed as furrow spacing and furrow length), furrow placement, and post-treatment management. Some long-term successes are documented. In ironstone ridge country affected by impermeable hard-setting soils, furrowing creates artificial permeability, allowing plant germination; plant material in the soil reverses hard-setting and establishes self-sustaining permeability. In stony gilgai country furrowing through vegetated patches can aid in re-establishing vegetation, but furrowing through stony runoff patches only diminishes, rather than improves, landscape function. Other landscape types will have different key attributes. In all cases, selection of appropriate sites for rehabilitation treatment is of primary importance. The 1990s NSW Soil Conservation Service best-practice included a specialised furrower, surveying techniques for accurate furrow placement along the contour, staggered gaps along each furrow line to reduce risks of gullying by windrow breakthrough, and post-treatment management of total grazing pressure. New guidelines for treatment design developed from this study include determining for each site the optimum runoff:runon ratio (which varies according to climate, gradient, vegetation, and regolith), and matching furrow spacing and furrow/gap length to local runoff:runon ratios. In stony gilgai country, furrow placement should be along the contour but within non-stony patches; elsewhere, placement should be rigorously along the contour. In ironstone ridge country, a greater runoff:runon ratio, commensurate with the area’s apparently larger patch scale, can be achieved by having more gap than furrow along each furrow line. No single rehabilitation technique will fit all landscape types, and these guidelines will ideally be developed further with investigation of other landscapes.
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Miano, Andrea, and Giovanni Chiumiento. "An Innovative School Building Design in the Town of Montemiletto." Open Civil Engineering Journal 14, no. 1 (September 14, 2020): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502014010200.
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Background: This paper presents an innovative design for a school building, awarded in the concourse “Scuole innovative”, published by the italian Ministry of Education, University and Research. The new school building is located in a newly built urban area of Montemiletto (Avellino, Italy), at the south-east of the Leonessa castle and the ancient nucleus of the town. The Comprehensive Institute that includes a kindergarten, a primary school and a secondary school, is proposed as a Civic Center, an “urban place”, characterized by new spaces of relationship and aggregation. Objective: The main idea of the project design is the creation of an innovative school with respect to the architectural, structural and plant system aspects and to the energetic efficiency and characterized by the presence of new environments of learning and openness to the territory. Materials and Methods: The project proposals can be summarized in the different points: a) unit of the morphological-settlement solution and the articulation of the Civic Center, to be identified as new reference point in the city; b) adherence of the characters of the school to the landscape and visual connection with the castle; c) urban and architectural role of the system of the paths and connections, which surround and enter in the intervention area; d) extension and permeation between the natural and artificial environments assigning to the roof the task of increasing open spaces; e) accentuation of the public and multi-functional character of the different spaces, so that the school can be a place for meeting and comparison, in which it is possible to test new ways of teaching; f) use of different types of green open spaces as gardens, flowerbeds, educational vegetable gardens that change with the seasons, sporting fields, cycle-forgave routes among the green. Moreover, with respect to the structural aspects, seismic isolation at the basis of the building is proposed. This paper focuses mainly on the aspects related to energy and environmental sustainability and life cycle cost with reference to the case study design. The goal is to reduce the impact on the ecosystem, trying to make the school building organic to the existing environment. The containment of energy consumption for the air conditioning of the rooms is done through the isolation of the massive walls of the façade, covered with local stone (Irpinia breccia) and polycarbonate. Water-saving is obtained by reusing rainwater for the irrigation of vegetable gardens, vegetation and sanitary use. Results and Conclusion: The use of recycled materials and components is proposed: the Irpinia breccia covering the façade and, with different grain sizes, the external roofing and flooring; the polycarbonate; the polyester insulation; the outdoor furniture in recycled wood. In addition, dry reinforced concrete construction technologies are chosen. Definitively, the main concept is to have “a school in the park”.