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1
Brant, Barry. "Alternative strategic financial plans for Garden City Co-op." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/879.
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Kechum, Lynn G. "The Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum: A Garden Oasis." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295520.
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Hamblin, Jamie Y. "A Lesson from the Urban Garden." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/30.
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ABSTRACT
A LESSON FROM THE URBAN GARDEN
Jamie Hamblin
Purpose: In 2008 the world’s urban population surpassed the rural population; furthermore, the United Nations estimates by 2025 the world’s urban population will increase by about one billion people. Given recent population shifts and the interconnectedness between food and health, this research examines the role of agriculture in addressing urban food insecurity by reviewing urban interventions with a goal of food production.
Methods: Using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, an adjusted theoretical framework was developed which accounted for negative implications of these interventions as well as sustainability. Ultimately, the framework generated a food security score respective of each project. Using this score, statistical tests were conducted to confirm characteristics of more effective projects.
Results: Statistical analysis indicates food security score has a strong correlation with physical, future and social capital (0.72, 0.73 and 0.80 respectively). Food security score has a moderate correlation with duration of project and a strong correlation with number of project components (0.60 and 0.83). Furthermore, mean food security score of projects which used participatory methods was statistically different than mean food security score of projects which did not use participatory methods (p=0.01).
Conclusions: Participatory methods prove an important aspect of an urban agricultural intervention. Statistical results affirm urban food insecurity should be addressed through an integrated strategy which considers long-term viability of the project. Food security score, developed for this research, can help identify valuable components of interventions; however, this system is fairly subjective with some limitations.
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Rough, Barbara Anne. "The structure and development of commercial gardening businesses in Fulham and Hammersmith, Middlesex, c. 1680-1861." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/282872.
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This dissertation responds to Joan Thirsk's call for historians to undertake a closer investigation of commercial gardening. It adopts a micro-historical approach, to address two questions, 'What was a gardener?', and 'What was a garden business?'' Based in the parish of Fulham (including the hamlet of Hammersmith), Middlesex, the parish with the largest acreage of commercial gardening in England in 1796, the study applies nominal linkage to a variety of sources to understand more fully the gardeners, garden businesses, and gardening families between 1680 and 1861. The dissertation exploits sources with occupational descriptors, including livery company apprentice registers, bankruptcies and insolvencies, clandestine marriage registers, Bank of England accounts, and fire insurance policies, not used previously for a statistical examination of gardening. Quantitative data are set in a rich context using qualitative sources such as newspapers, Old Bailey proceedings and property surveys. Tracing occupational terms through the sources shows that records created by parish and government bodies relied on a few customary terms, each encompassing several different functions in gardening, for much longer than commercial documents, demonstrating how reliance on one source can be misleading. In this study I argue that occupational descriptors in gardening reflected the focus, but failed to capture the entirety, of what was produced in a garden business. From the early eighteenth century garden businesses should not be viewed simply as a market garden or nursery; they cultivated a diversity of horticultural products, but are also found to have had a variety of other agricultural interests and economic pursuits, introducing new products and responding to new opportunities: gardeners did not only garden. Contrary to the claims of some historians this was not just an early phase in the transition from agriculture to specialist gardening but persisted into the nineteenth century. This study contributes not only to the history of commercial gardening but also to wider debates in agricultural and business history. From four land-use maps, dated between 1747 and 1843/5 the changing acreage and locations of gardens have been identified, and the first graphical representation of the land use in the parish from the tithe apportionment schedules is presented. The complex interaction between competing land uses is examined providing new findings about how the garden industry adapted in the face of pressures from urban development and other agricultural needs. Examination of the occupational structure of the industry has been approached through several sources. Very few gardeners were apprenticed, but some families continued to obtain training as gardeners and commercial advantages through one of five different livery companies, as well as the Gardeners' Company. The parish registers give the first tentative estimate of the size of the industry, while registers of clandestine marriages suggest that gardeners were a significant proportion of the middling sort in Fulham in the early eighteenth century. Comparison of gardening occupations in the 1841, 1851 and 1861 census enumerators' books provide insights into the structure of the industry but also reveal the inconsistent application of terminology, resulting in the reliability and validity of some of the data being questioned. The implication is that only the 1851 census gives an accurate occupational structure for gardening industry. The findings of previous studies that most gardeners rented their land have been confirmed. On the bishop of London's estate the rents were low during the eighteenth century, but few gardeners were his head lessees and therefore able to benefit. Gardeners had a range of wealth, sufficient for some to have a comfortable living as part of the middling sort while a few had accrued greater wealth from gardening. Garden businesses rarely became bankrupt or insolvent and mainly when there were general economic downturns. Businesses were left predominantly to widows or sons, with the intention of keeping businesses operating and resulting in the establishment of garden business dynasties. The wealth of some businesses demonstrates the benefit of trans-generational transfer, others fared well enough for their business to continue on a smaller scale, but many names came and went from Fulham and Hammersmith commercial gardens in one generation.
5
Brookbank, George. "Deciduous Fruit Trees at the Tucson Extension Garden Center." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215748.
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Chapman, Grace Estelle. "Educational programming recommendations for the family discovery garden / a national Family Garden Model at the American Horticultural Society's River Farm headquarters." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 191 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605142591&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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LaFond, Bennett. "Can Urban And Peri-Urban Agriculture Create Food Sovereign Communities? Case Studies In Cuba And Burlington, Vt." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/849.
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Case studies from Cuba's Urban and Peri-Urban agriculture (UPA) revolution show that urban growing can fuel locally driven production of essential foods with minimal inputs, creating unprecedented opportunities for community food sovereignty. The fact that Cuba produces 60-70% of its vegetable needs on 25% of the land shows that the barriers that UPA faces are more sociopolitical than agronomic. As an agricultural hub with an abundance of rural land within close proximity of the city, the need for UPA in Burlington, VT may not be as readily apparent. When compared to nearby small vegetable growers through the lens of a typical agronomic analysis, UPA nearly always comes out at a disadvantage. Yet community gardens and urban growers are multiplying in the small city. Research suggests this boom is owed to numerous multi-functional benefits provided by community gardens, including the potential for UPA to allow communities who may otherwise have limited agency in food choice with an opportunity to access culturally preferenced produce. However, while extensive evidence identifies the social benefits of community gardens, these results remain disparate from the economic analyses that most often find their ways into the hands of decision makers.
This research proposes a valuation metric called Crop Value Index (CVI), and uses it to evaluate which crops and management techniques best take advantage of limited urban space in Burlington community gardens. This tool ranks crops by their ability to save gardeners money or profit and by their perceived cultural value by the gardener, and combines the two to identify which crops are the most successful in producing overall value. Through demonstrating the high functionality of UPA in the production of certain crops, CVI contributes to findings that indicate that UPA may be better able to serve niche community food needs than commercial growers, while simultaneously providing urban growers with food security and creating food sovereignty and food justice.
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Dahlman, Alexandra. "From Seed to Supper: An Urban Permaculture Garden and Community Kitchen." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307441566.
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McGinley, Susan. "A Water-Conserving Garden for `Aqaba: Arid Lands Technology Transfer Involves Arizona and Jordan." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622197.
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Buckle, Dorothea Maria. "Media and communication influences on farmers' views of water conservation in the Garden Route, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9109.
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The Garden Route is situated between a mountain range and the ocean, both within close proximity. These geographic considerations make the farmers in the area vulnerable to extreme weather events, especially droughts and floods, which have been experienced in recent years. Agriculture in the area is predominantly focused on dairy and vegetables, which require intensive irrigation practices. It is this water demand that inspired adaptations to counteract the risks of extreme weather and dwindling water sources. These adaptations and behaviours were investigated to determine the underlying perceptions and influences. The research aimed to understand the way environmental knowledge would disseminate through the use of the Diffusion of Innovation theory, whilst determining the ecological worldviews of the participants through the use of the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale. Both of these theories proved effective in researching the ecological perceptions of and various influences on the participants, with a few minor drawbacks. The data analysis investigated the research questions with a three-pronged approach. Interpersonal interviews and media content analysis of the local and agricultural media in the area was followed by analysing the two sets of findings, in order to find overlaps and relationships between the factors explored. The interviews were designed as semi-structured to allow for themes to emerge and were conducted mainly within the diary and beef industries, consisting of 24 participants. The media content analysis incorporated a niche agricultural magazine (32 articles) as well as the local newspaper (74 articles). The articles were coded for themes to allow for comparison between the two, and to provide an overall understanding of the media coverage. The use of the interviews and media content analysis concurrently, made it possible to determine the farmers’ perceptions of water conservation and the possible influences on these. By exploring this, the research endeavours to understand the dynamics between the farmers’ use of media and interpersonal networks and their water conservation practices. The farmers’ perceptions appeared to be predominantly shaped by agricultural media and interpersonal communities. The NEP scale responses exposed the clash between economic and environmental considerations. The farmers were acutely aware of their ecological impact and were employing various measures to counteract it. However, these were heavily dependent on their financial situation. This is in contrast to the NEP scale’s measuring of NEP statements contrasted with Dominant Social Paradigm (DSP) statements to determine ecological attitudes. These findings confirm previous research and demonstrate that modern farmers are more likely to adopt conservation practices than their traditional counterparts, if it helps achieve their economic, social and environmental goals. The importance of the historical context of South Africa’s water issues emerged, with the past and future proposed changes to water regulation and legislation affecting farmers’ perceptions. The move from agriculturally privileged water legislation to equitable distribution is affecting the farmers negatively, causing distrust towards the government. The research was successful in achieving an understanding of the effect of the mass media and interpersonal communication influences on the farmers’ perceptions of water conservation.
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Wismer, Meredith Anne. "Hunt, gather, garden: faunal exploitation during the adoption of agriculture in the tallgrass prairie." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6341.
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The appearance of agriculture brought profound changes to the technology, social organization, and lifestyles of early farming communities across the globe. From the perspective of hunter-gatherers, the adoption of agriculture carried the risk of starvation if crops failed and other food sources were seasonally unavailable or locally depleted. Why prehistoric peoples adopted agriculture considering this risk is a fundamental question within archaeology. My dissertation research focuses on understanding the role that wild animal resources played toward the speed and scale of the adoption of agriculture, using the tallgrass prairie region of western Iowa as a case study. The tallgrass prairie is a transitional environment between the grasslands of the Great Plains and the deciduous woodlands of the eastern United States. Domesticated plants were introduced to this region during the late Archaic period (ca. 3000-800 BC), and gradually incorporated into the diet with increasing intensity throughout the Woodland period (ca. 800 BC-AD 1200). My research establishes the long-term trends in animal use within this environmental context which may have set the stage for the adoption of and later reliance upon plant-based agriculture. Specifically, I examine the diet-breadth of Woodland peoples by establishing which animal species they exploited, and to what degree. Evidence of resource stress is identified through the intensity in which large game (bison and deer) carcasses were processed. Finally, I explore the use of pocket gophers as survival food at one important location, the Rainbow site (13PM91).
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Huerta, Angelica M. "Evaluation of Urban Learning Garden Education and the Impact on Sustainability." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376998754.
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McIntosh, Olivia. "Fostering Community Awareness of Urban Agriculture in Savannah| The Cases of Savannah Urban Garden Alliance and Forsyth Farmer's Market." Thesis, Savannah State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1537008.
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Urban Agriculture (UA) is addressing problems associated with the degradation of human and environmental health. Organizations whose missions include offering programs and services which support local UA activities are essential for fostering community awareness and garnering participation. This study attempts to discover how the Savannah Urban Garden Alliance and the Forsyth Farmers Market are fostering awareness of UA in Savannah. Secondly, to identify obstacles which hinder these organizations from effectively carrying out their missions. Lastly to provide a tool box for planning purposes which will encourage the necessary involvement of municipal and institutional leadership.
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Larson, Ben. "Gardening the Desert, Deserting the Garden: Culture, Agriculture and Ecology on the Northern Plains, 1830-1930." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1302699813.
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Scafa, Stephanie 1983. "Inch by Inch, Row by Row: Implementing Urban Agriculture Projects in Eugene." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11519.
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xiv, 85 p. : ill. (some col.)The City of Eugene is advocating for garden projects by expanding their Composting Program to include Urban Agriculture. This research uses 19 in-depth, personal interviews with gardening experts in Eugene to explore the factors that make urban agriculture projects successful and sustainable based on specific areas for capacity building identified by the researcher and City staff. Using qualitative analysis, I found that each identified area for capacity building could be perceived as a barrier to establishing garden space. "Successful" and "sustainable" gardens confront multiple barriers to garden implementation and remain diverse and productive over time. The results of this study provide insight into how and why the City is choosing to remove barriers to people who grow their own food and justification for the need for the City's Urban Agriculture Program.
Committee in charge: Yizhao Yang, Chairperson; Neil Bania, Member; Anne Donahue, Member
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Taylor, Carl. "Site assessment and landscape planning strategy for the Student Garden at the College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina." Thesis, College of Charleston, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10160172.
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This thesis project created a landscape design framework for the Student Garden at the College of Charleston that took into account stakeholder needs and landscape constraints, thereby allowing the Garden to better fulfill its mission. Steps for this project were to perform a stakeholder analysis to determine perceptions of mission, vision, and needs for the Garden. This was then paired with a landscape suitability assessment. The assessment was performed in GIS using available soil data from the Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) to analyze for agricultural suitability.
Based on interview data, stakeholders considered the main mission of the Garden to lie in three areas: education, student research projects, and vegetable production. Landscape suitability analysis determined that the Garden was situated in the least favorable location within its available land area from an ecosystem standpoint. The landscape design incorporated the stakeholder needs of education, research, and production while proposing an expansion in a new, more centralized location that has soil better suited for agriculture along with new infrastructure. It incorporated a centralized building with office, rest area, and shaded work area that has facilities approved for vegetable processing for the CSA. Adjoining the building are beds showcasing sustainable agricultural techniques, greenhouses for seed starting and production, area for a food forest, and open fields for row crops.
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Long, Adam J. "A Guide to the Pomona College Organic Farm: An Introduction to the Farm’s History and Basic Gardening Skills and Techniques." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/84.
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It was almost four years ago when I first visited the Pomona College Organic Farm and since then I have learned everything from the basics of gardening to the complex steps required to organize students for events and activities. As I learned more and saw so many students come and go, I saw a need for written documentation that would allow future generations of students to benefit from the skills that my peers and I have learned in our time at the Farm. The value of the Farm is grounded in having a vibrant physical space, and right now the knowledge to maintain and improve this space is only passed down from person to person. I hope to eventually combine the disparate bits of knowledge that I have accumulated over the years into a single guidebook. This thesis project, which is the first major section of that guidebook, covers the Farm’s history and basic technical skills like soil preparation, planting, plant maintenance, weeding, pest control, and tool use. This is a living document and will be constantly updated as the Farm changes and grows and as new information comes to light. Although the Farm has come a long way over the years, it still has a lot of unrealized potential, and I hope that this document both facilitates and records the great changes that are soon to come.
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Villas-Bôas, Maria Lúcia Soares. "How community gardens function: A case study of “Complexo Aeroporto,” Ribeirão Preto, S.P Brazil." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1149463363.
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Summerville, Kevin M. "Effectiveness of Amendments and Microbial Treatments on Plant Growth in Urban Garden Soils." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1495712379969062.
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Lewis, Marc M. "Social dynamics and sustainability in three community garden projects in the City of Johannesburg." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4263.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhilSocial dynamics and sustainability in three community garden projects in the City of Johannesburg M. Lewis MPhil Master’s full thesis, the Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS), Faculty of Economic and Management Science, University of the Western Cape This Master’s thesis explores the social dynamics of three urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) community projects in the City of Johannesburg (COJ), Gauteng. It explores how these projects originated, are organised and supported, while describing how these factors impact on their sustainability and on the livelihoods of the people who work within them. Sayer’s (1984) combined, extensive and intensive research design was adopted and utilised participant observation methods, key informant interviews, literature reviews, and surveys to gather data. A political economy framework was used to situate this data. The thesis argues that in Johannesburg, UPA has an important role to play as a livelihood strategy for city residents. Urban food production is typically one of many livelihood strategies that the urban poor pursue to survive in the city. Support offered to UPA needs to consider these dynamics and aim to provide the necessary space and assistance to facilitate such varied livelihood activities. I argue that the current co-operative model that is being promoted for UPA community projects is not suitable within this multiple livelihood context and that a reconceptualization of the model should be considered that incorporates an allotment approach. An allotment model, appropriately tailored to each individual context, could enable multiplelivelihood strategies to flourish. The thesis also contends that informal food networks are important food distribution mechanisms within the South African urban context and that local food producers should be supported in their efforts to supply to them. I argue that an allotment model would support informal food networks which could ultimately foster various niche market sectors. Ultimately, I argue for a better conceived support structure for UPA community projects that is less prescriptive, more facilitative, and bases its support and development solely in participatory decision-making and community engagement. Successful and sustainable agricultural projects in urban and peri-urban areas will be key components in ensuring food security in Africa in the future.
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Withers, Denissia Elizabeth. "Engaging Community Food Systems through Learning Garden Programs: Oregon Food Bank's Seed to Supper Program." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/609.
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The purpose of this study was to discover whether learning garden programs increase access to locally grown foods and successfully empower and include food insecure populations. This study examined the Oregon Food Bank's Seed to Supper program which situates garden-based learning in food insecure communities. Through a mixed-methods community-based research process, this study found that community building, learner empowerment and sustainability leadership in place-based learning garden programs increased access to locally grown foods for food insecure populations. When food insecure populations participated in these learning garden programs they often engaged in practices described in the literature as the "web of inclusion" (Helgesen, 1995). When food insecure populations were engaged in these practices, participation in food democracy and food justice increased. Additionally, participation in learning gardens led to sustainability leadership and increased access to food literacy, which led to greater community health and engaged, local community food systems.
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Roy-Belleplaine, Mina. "Le jaden dans la Martinique d’aujourd’hui : Une approche historique et anthropologique d’un objet culturel au cœur des enjeux de développement économique, patrimonial et écologique." Thesis, Antilles, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANTI0147/document.
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Le sujet d’étude de cette recherche est le jardin martiniquais. Celui qui s’inscrit dans le prolongement du jardin des premiers habitants de l’île : les Kalinagos. Il s’agira d’inscrire le jardin dans son contexte historique, économique, social, écologique pour comprendre la place qu’il a occupé dans la construction des sociétés au fil du temps. Notre approche est donc historique et anthropologique.Nous essaierons de mettre en lumière son rôle, ses symboliques et les usages qui gravitent autour du jaden. Dans notre démonstration, nous tenterons de mettre en exergue le rôle de premier plan qu’il a joué au temps des Kalinas et de l’esclavage. Dans un second temps, nous exposerons l’importance qu’il a eue pour les sociétés paysannes qui se mettent en place après 1848 avant de s’attarder sur la place centrale qu’il occupe aujourd’hui. Un jardin qui dispense des valeurs sociétales, jaden résistance qui revient au devant de la scène à chaque temps de crise d’où son importance actuelle. Il sera aussi démontré l’importance écologique du jaden, capable de proposer des solutions aux problématiques agricoles de nos sociétés modernes.Nous découvrirons à quel point la population de la Martinique a pris conscience de l’importance du jaden depuis la crise de 2009, ce qui a contribué à son renouveau. Nous montrerons également à quel point il a su s’adapter pour répondre aux besoins de son temps et perdurer et qui l’inscrit en permanence dans la modernité. Enfin il serait intéressant de le présenter comme un jaden ancien qui peut servir d’exemple pour nos sociétés d’aujourd’huiThe topic of this research is the Martinican garden. The very one which is a legacy of the garden of the first inhabitants of the island : the Kalinagos. It shall be necessary to seat the garden in its historical, social, economic and ecological context to understand the place it has hold in the construction of society over time. Thus, our approach shall be both historical and anthropological. We shall try to shed light on its role, its symbolism and the customs that turn around the jaden. In our demonstration, we shall try to bring out the paramount role it played in the days of the Kalinas and during slavery; then focus on its importance for the rural societies after 1848 and finally reveal its central place this day and age. A garden which conveys societal values, a jaden of resistance that is center stage in time of crisis hence its importance today. The ecological importance of the jaden shall be enlightened, seeing as it is able to offer solutions to the agricultural issues of our modern societies. We shall prove to what extent the Martinican population has become aware of the importance of having a jaden since the crisis of 2009, which contributed to its come back. We shall also tackle the issue of knowing to what extent it has adapted to our current needs and how it has fell within modernity. Last, we shall present it as an ancient jaden that may be a model for our current society
El asunto de esta investigación es el jardín martiniqueño. El que se inscribe en la continuación del jardín de los primeros habitantes de la isla: los kalinagos. Se tratará de estudiar el jardín en su contexto histórico, económico, social, ecológico para comprender el lugar que tuvo en la construcción de las sociedades a lo largo del tiempo. Nuestro enfoque es, entonces, histórico y antropológico.Trataremos de poner de relieve su papel, sus simbólicas y los usos que giran entorno al "jaden".En nuestra demostración intentaremos poner de realce el papel de primer plano que tuvo en la época de los Kalinas y de la esclavitud, y a continuación veremos la importancia que tuvo para las sociedades campesinas que se instalaron después de 1848, antes de tener el lugar central que hoy ocupa. Un jardín que enseña los valores de las sociedades, un jaden de resistencia que hoy regresa delante del escenario, en cada época de crisis, de ahí su importancia actual. También demostraremos la importancia ecológica del jardín, capaz de proponer soluciones a las problemáticas agrícolas de nuestras sociedades modernas.Mostraremos hasta qué punto la población martiniqueña ha tomado conciencia del jardín después de la crisis de 2009, lo que ha favorecido su renacimiento. Mostraremos también cuánto ha podido adaptarse para responder a las necesidades de su época y perdurar , lo que hace de éste, un jardín todavía inscrito en la modernidad. Por fin, Sería interesante presentarlo como un jardín antiguo que puede servir de ejemplo para nuestras sociedades actuales
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Arruda, Juliana. "Agricultura urbana e peri-urbana em Campinas/SP : analise do Programa de Hortas Comunitarias como subsidio para politicas publicas." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257090.
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Orientador: Nilson Antonio Modesto ArraesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: A Agricultura Urbana e Peri-urbana (AUP) contemporânea vêm ganhando destaque no cenário mundial e nacional e reafirmando-se como um fator permanente nos processos de desenvolvimento sustentável das pessoas e da sociedade.Em Campinas, a câmara e o executivo têm, através das legislações municipais e da regulamentação do Programa de Hortas Comunitárias de Campinas (PHC), sinalizada a intenção em trazer à agenda política do município o tema de agricultura urbana. Porém na atual administração, Hélio de Oliveira Santos (2005-2008), o PHC ainda não tem destino claro. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o PHC, de forma a subsidiar uma nova formulação de políticas públicas de AUP no município. Seus objetivos específicos compreendem a análise da gestão do PHC, dos projetos de hortas no município e do perfil dos participantes, bem como tecer proposições a cerca da percepção dos entrevistados. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos a partir de visitas sistemáticas e entrevistas dirigidas ao longo do ano de 2005, realizadas junto a formuladores, gestores e beneficiários de hortas urbanas escolares, terapêuticas e comunitárias do município de Campinas, além da fonte documental. A análise da maneira como se deu a gestão do PHC evidenciou a, quase total, desvinculação entre o programa e as políticas setoriais de educação, saúde e ação social. A análise do gerenciamento dos projetos evidenciou a importância das ações individuais na implementação e sucesso das atividades, mesmo com recursos escassos. Por fim, na descrição da operacionalização, chama atenção à importância que os projetos ganham na vida dos beneficiários e a boa articulação dos coordenadores com outras instituições, tanto do setor privado (Petrobras), como do setor público (CEASA)
Abstract: Contemporary Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture (UPA) is gaining prominence in the worldwide and national scene as it reaffirms itself as a permanent factor in the processes of sustainable development of people and society. In Campinas, the Municipal Chamber and Executive have, through municipal legislation and the regulation of the Community Kitchen-gardens Program of Campinas (CKP), signaled the intention of bringing to the political agenda, the subject of urban agriculture. However, in the current administration, Hélio de Oliveira Santos (2005-2008), the CKP still does not have a clear destination. In such a context, the objective of this work is to analyze the CKP, and to develop anew form of public politics of UPA in the city. Its specific objective is to understand and analyze the management of the CKP and kitchen-gardens projects in the city and the social economic profile of the participants. The data used had been gained from systematic visits and interviews during the whole of 2005 with the participation of the planners and policy makers, managers and institutional and communitarian urban beneficiaries of kitchen-gardens in the city of Campinas, beyond the documentary source. The analysis of the evidence gave the management of the CKP, an almost total picture, disconnected between the program and education, health and social action politics. The analysis of the projects managed here showed the importance of individual action in the implementation and success of the activities, particularly those with scarce resources. Finally, in describing the operation, it calls attention to the importance of projects that benefit the life of the beneficiaries and the joint efforts of the coordinators with other institutions the private (Petrobras) and the public sectors (CEASA)
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Batra-Wells, Puja. "One Nation, Under Arugula: The Obama White House Kitchen Garden as Cultural Display and Pedagogy." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1276536935.
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Steyn, Cornelia Johanna. "Exploring ethical challenges, climate change and implications on land and water use within the agricultural sector of the Garden Route, Western Cape, South Africa." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85635.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Climate change creates both risks and opportunities worldwide. By understanding, planning for and adapting to a changing climate, individuals and societies can take advantage of these opportunities and reduce risks where possible. The consequences of climate variability and climate change are potentially more significant for activities that depend on local weather and climatic conditions. The Garden Route in the Western Cape (southern region), is an agricultural region that is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and climate variables; if these climatic conditions should change, productivity levels and livelihoods would be directly affected. This study examined how farmers’ perceptions of weather conditions have corresponded with the climatic data recorded at various meteorological stations in the Garden Route, South Africa, and whether these perceptions could be linked to an understanding of the ethical implications of climate change or not. Through the use of indepth interviews, the study analysed farmers’ adaptive responses, their perceptions and understanding of climate change, and their perceptions and understanding of the ethical challenges posed by climate change. The Heckman Probit Adaptation Model was used to examine perception and adaptation to climate change and climate variability. Main constraints cited by farmers in changing their ways of farming and adapting to climate change were obtaining rights to increasing their water storage capacities (increasing dam walls or building dams), flood water management, cash flow and financial support, obtaining permits to burn, and general support from official structures. Furthermore this study implemented a scenario-planning exercise to determine adaptation trends in the observed and projected climate for the Garden Route, with the aim of providing possible solutions for wiser agricultural practices. The following scenarios were compared: (1) If agricultural practices continue as per status quo – with no change in climatic conditions; (2) If agricultural patterns are significantly modified, to reduce agricultural impact on local biodiversity – with no change in climatic conditions; (3) If agricultural practices continue as per status quo – with significant change in climatic conditions; and (4) If agricultural practices are significantly modified, to reduce agricultural impact on local biodiversity, and taking account of likely changes in climatic conditions. The analyses – according to these four scenarios – indicated the likelihood of possible trends in future, using specific climate variables, together with possible adaptation strategies. With no change in climatic conditions, but a change in farming practices towards environmental protection, the farming sector may achieve sustainability. However, if climatic conditions should change, changes in farming practices may not be enough to guarantee its sustainability. Farmers in the Garden Route indicated that agricultural production on any scale is completely dependent on water, leaving this sector exposed and vulnerable posing substantial obstacles to farmers to continue farming in the same way. Farmers are now faced with the decision to “adapt or die”. The convergence of these factors has the potential to create a “perfect moral storm”. One consequence of this storm is that, even if the other difficult ethical questions surrounding climate change could be answered, farmers still may find it difficult to articulate what this moral storm could entail, and how to act upon it.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Klimaatsverandering skep wêreldwyd beide risiko’s en geleenthede. Deur klimaatsverandering te verstaan, daarvoor te beplan en daarby aan te pas, kan individue en gemeenskappe hierdie geleenthede aangryp en, waar moontlik, die risiko’s verlaag. Die gevolge van klimaatskommelings en klimaatverandering is potensieel meer betekenisvol vir daardie aktiwiteite wat afhanklik is van plaaslike weer- en klimaatstoestande. Die landboustreek in die Tuinroete in die Wes-Kaap (suidelike streek) is gevoelig vir die impak van klimaatsverandering en klimaatskommelings; indien klimaatstoestande verander, sal produktiwiteitsvlakke en lewenskwaliteit direk beïnvloed word. Hierdie studie het ondersoek ingestel na die ooreenkoms tussen boere se persepsie van klimaatsverandering, en die klimaatsdata by verskeie meteorologiese stasies in die Tuinroete, Suid-Afrika en of hierdie persepsies verbind kan word aan 'n begrip van die etiese implikasies van klimaatsverandering of nie. By wyse van indiepte onderhoude het die studie boere se aanpassingmeganismes, hul persepsies en begrip van klimaatsverandering, asook hul persepsies en begrip van die etiese uitdagings van klimaatsverandering ontleed. Die Heckman Probit Aanpassings-Model is gebruik om die persepsie en aanpassing by klimaatsverandering en klimaatskommelings te bepaal. Boere het die volgende as die vernaamste struikelblokke in die verandering in landboupraktyke en aanpassing by klimaatsverandering beskou: a) verkryging van toestemming om wateropgaarkapasiteit te verhoog (die bou of verhoging van damme); b) vloedbestuur; c) kontantvloei en finansiële ondersteuning; d) verkryging van brandpermitte; en e) algemene ondersteuning vanaf amptelike instansies. Voorts het hierdie studie scenario-beplanning gebruik om tendense in die aanpassing by die waargenome en voorspelde klimaatsverandering in die Tuinroete te bepaal. Die doel hiervan is om moontlike oplossings vir beter landboupraktyke te verskaf. Die volgende scenario’s is met mekaar vergelyk: (1) Indien landboupraktyke voortgaan soos gewoonlik (status quo) – geen verandering in klimaatstoestande; (2) Indien landbou betekenisvol verander om die impak van landbou op plaaslike biodiversiteit te verlaag – geen verandering in klimaatstoestande; (3) Indien landboupraktyke voortgaan soos gewoonlik (status quo) – betekenisvolle verandering in klimaatstoestande; en (4) Indien landbou betekenisvol verander om die impak van landbou op plaaslike biodiversiteit te verlaag – met inagneming van moontlike veranderings in klimaatstoestande. By wyse van die vier scenario’s dui die analise moontlike toekomstige tendense aan deur gebruik te maak van spesifieke klimaatskommelings, tesame met moontlike aanpassingstrategieë. Met geen verandering in die klimaatstoestand kan die landbousektor volhoubaar wees indien landboupraktyke verander en omgewingsbeskerming in ag neem. Indien klimaatstoestande egter verander, mag gewysigde landboupraktyke nie genoeg wees om die volhoubaarheid daarvan te verseker nie. Boere in die Tuinroete het aangedui dat enige skaal van landbouproduksie geheel en al van water afhanklik is, wat hierdie sektor blootgestel en kwesbaar maak, en ‘n groot struikelblok is indien boere op dieselfde wyse bly boer. Boere is nou onderworpe aan die besluit om aan te pas of onder te gaan. Die sameloop van al hierdie faktore het die potensiaal om die “perfekte morele storm” te ontketen. Een gevolg van hierdie storm is dat, alhoewel ander moeilike etiese kwessies rondom klimaatsverandering beantwoord sou kon word, boere dit nog steeds moeilik mag vind om dié morele storm te omskryf en hoe om hierop te reageer.
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Opalka, Alice K. "Cultivating an Opportunity: Access and Inclusion in Seattle's Community Gardens." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores the social dynamics of community gardens and their participation within them in the contemporary food justice movement in Seattle, Washington. Community gardens are seen as solutions to myriad urban and environmental problems, such as food deserts, community empowerment, urban greening, environmental education and sustainability of the food system. Three case studies of Seattle organizations, the P-Patch Program, Lettuce Link and Alleycat Acres, provide a basis for analysis of the purported benefit of community empowerment as a function of organizational structure, history and policies. City government support, flexibility, and a critical outlook towards the processes of inclusion and methods of fostering community-based leadership are found to be essential to a garden project. However, the definition of who is the ‘community’ in a community garden is called into question as more potential stakeholders and beneficiaries emerge in a changing and increasingly interconnected city. These networks of organizations and activists, complicated as they may be are a boon to the community gardening scene as they increase avenues for access for more Seattleites to healthy, local food. Community gardens are another representation of the current global movements against social inequalities, and therefore, to take full advantage of this opportunity for social change, community garden organizers must remain critically conscious of who is included and how this participation occurs.
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Birky, Joshua. "The Modern Community Garden Movement in the United States: Its Roots, its Current Condition and its Prospects for the Future." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002878.
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Andiru, Gladys Anguti. "EFFECTS OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZER ON NUTRIENT LEACHING AND GARDEN PERFORMANCE OF IMPATIENS WALLERIANA (HOOK. F. ‘XTREME SCARLET’)." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275407760.
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Miatekela, Jean. "La petite agriculture saint-lucienne et martiniquaise face aux défis de la modernisation." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0866/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’importance du rôle des petites agricultures dans les processus de sécurité alimentaire et de souveraineté alimentaire est de plus en plus reconnue. A Sainte-Lucie comme en Martinique, un certain nombre d’acteurs s’engagent officiellement pour une agriculture diversifiée s’appuyant sur les préceptes du développement durable. C’est en tenant compte de ce contexte qu’en partie l’idée de réaliser une étude sur la petite agriculture de Sainte-Lucie et de la Martinique a germé. Aussi, le présent travail se veut-il avant tout une contribution au diagnostic de la petite agriculture face à la modernisation des systèmes agricoles intensifs dans chacune de ces deux îles. Il s’agit de mettre à l’évidence les richesses et les insuffisances de cette petite agriculture, mais aussi les atouts et les contraintes de l’environnement. En grande partie elle prend appui sur le jardin créole, système agricole considéré par bien d’acteurs comme un fondement culturel et une base culturale. Dans chacune des deux îles, beaucoup de petits agriculteurs font de la biodiversité une composante primordiale de la gestion de leurs systèmes agricoles. Les enjeux visés ici portent sur la contribution d’une gestion optimale de cette biodiversité à la promotion des agrosystèmes paysans durables à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles. Dès lors, tout dépend des méthodes d’accompagnement des agriculteurs à mettre en œuvre. Va-t-on poursuivre avec des approches descendantes basées sur la logique de transfert ? Si non, le moment n’est-il pas venu de réunir les conditions pouvant permettre la mise en œuvre des véritables démarches de co-construction ?The important role of small farmers in the process in food security and of food sovereignty is increasingly recognized. In St. Lucia as in Martinique, a number of actors officially committed to a diverse agriculture based on the precepts of sustainable development. It is in the light on this context that partially, the idea of a study on small holder St Lucia and Martinique germinated. Also, the present work is first and foremost a contribution to the diagnosis of small-scale agriculture to modernization of the intensive agricultural systems in each of these two islands. It is put clearly the richness and the inadequacies of this small scale-agriculture, but also the advantages and constraints of the environment. In large part it builds on the creole garden, agricultural system considered by many actors as a cultural foundation and a base of farming practices. In each of the two islands, many small farmers make biodiversity an essential component of management of their farm systems. The stakes referred here relate to the optimal management contribution of biodiversity to promote sustainable peasant agro-ecosystems at different spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, everything depends on farmer coaching methods to set up. Will we continue with down approaches based on logic of transfer ? Otherwise, isn’t time to create the conditions that could allow the development of real co-construction steps ?
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Harr, Virginia Irene. "Urban Market and Farm for Nashville." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42585.
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This thesis is an investigation of the role of architecture in reclaiming deteriorating urban constructs, consequently restoring the placedness of a given community - in this case, East Nashville. Through careful consideration of the built environment, architecture as well as landscape architecture can transform our existence on the land and sustain a harmonious economy through the cultivation of food grown within the neighborhood. How we structure ourselves on the landscape via architecture speaks to our perception of the material world given to us.Master of Architecture
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Machini, Mariana Luíza Fiocco. "Nas fissuras do concreto: política e movimento nas hortas comunitárias da cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-12092018-135858/.
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Esta dissertação analisa algumas das hortas urbanas comunitárias da cidade de São Paulo. Trata-se de uma etnografia que explora as conexões, motivações e formas de ação desses agrupamentos autogeridos de voluntários que criam e mantêm espaços de plantio em áreas públicas. São tratadas de maneira mais detida três delas: a Horta das Corujas, no bairro da Vila Beatriz, a Horta do Centro Cultural São Paulo, no bairro Vergueiro e a Horta dos Ciclistas, na Avenida Paulista. A intenção dessa análise, no entanto, não é se ater a territórios fixos, e sim apreender os movimentos propiciados pela prática das hortas comunitárias na cidade. Dessa maneira, são aqui traçadas algumas das relações entre essas hortas e outras formas de agricultura urbana em São Paulo, os entrelaçamento e perspectivas de co-construções que emergem entre humanos e não humanos, além de suas relações com instâncias políticas formais. A interação entre as ações no espaço público, as técnicas e os ensinamentos de agroecologia propagados pelas hortas e a rede de trocas que opera entre elas expõe maneiras de se vincular à cidade que são permeadas por uma noção de política do cotidiano, a qual não se encontra apenas nas relações com o e do Estado.This dissertation analyses some of the community urban gardens of São Paulo, SP. We have carried out an ethnography exploring the connections, motives and ways of action of those selfmanaged groups of volunteers, who create and keep cultivating spaces amidst public areas. We focus of three urban gardens: Horta das Corujas [Owls Garden], at Vila Beatriz neighborhood, the São Paulo Cultural Center Garden, at Vergueiro neighborhood; and Horta dos Ciclistas [Cyclers Garden], at Paulista Avenue. This analysis is not restrained, however, to fixed territories, but rather apprehends the movements engendered by community garden practices in the city. Thus, we trace some relations between those gardens and other forms of urban agriculture in São Paulo, their intertwining and the co-construction perspectives that emerges among humans and non-humans, as well as their relations with formal public agents. The interaction among actions performed in public spaces, the agroecology techniques and teachings, and their exchange network are embedded with a concept of everyday politics, practiced not only by or in face of the State.
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Khalilnezhad, Seyyed Mohammad Reza [Verfasser], and Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] Tobias. "Urban Agriculture as a Tool for City and Landscape Planning in Iran with Emphasize On the Role of Persian Garden / Seyyed Mohammad Reza Khalilnezhad ; Betreuer: Kai Tobias." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122111010/34.
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Boyle, Alyssa M. "School Gardens: Reconnecting Children with Nature and Food." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/142.
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This thesis discusses the importance of school gardens. First, two current environmental and societal problems are highlighted: the industrialized food system and what Richard Louv has termed, "Nature Deficit Disorder," in children. School gardens are then presented as an effective tool that can address and remedy such issues. Lastly, a how-to manual for implementing such projects in schools is provided as well as a few sample lesson plans to be used in conjunction with the garden in each subject across the curriculum.
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Nagib, Gustavo. "Agricultura urbana como ativismo na cidade de São Paulo: o caso da Horta das Corujas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-18082016-124530/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A agricultura urbana encontra-se presente em diversas civilizações e períodos da História. Entretanto, é na segunda metade do século XX, no contexto dos movimentos contraculturais (com início nos anos 1960/1970), que ela se materializará enquanto resultado de ativismos urbanos, destacadamente via guerrilha verde/guerrilla gardening, ou seja, mediante ações em terrenos públicos ou privados sem permissão prévia. Com isso, hortas comunitárias se tornaram símbolos da luta pela reestruturação do espaço urbano e ampliaram as reflexões sobre a apropriação do espaço público, a origem e qualidade dos alimentos, a cooperação cidadã e o direito à cidade. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo principal melhor compreender a agricultura urbana enquanto expressão ativista, destacadamente na cidade de São Paulo, onde ela se tornou mais evidente a partir da segunda década do século XXI, sobretudo com a emergência da rede Hortelões Urbanos e com a materialização da Horta das Corujas (horta comunitária em praça pública no território da Subprefeitura de Pinheiros), que também ajudaram a impulsionar mudanças legislativas e na composição de conselhos participativos. A partir de um recorte histórico-temporal adequado, empreendeu-se uma análise referente às dinâmicas da metrópole; atentou-se à problemática socioambiental; e regataram-se diferentes conceituações de agricultura urbana, evidenciando suas múltiplas soluções para a questão urbana. A partir da metodologia da pesquisa-ação, desenvolveu-se, por fim, o estudo de caso da Horta das Corujas, apresentando os seus diferentes aspectos socioespaciais vividos e percebidos cotidianamente. Na utopia das revoluções tranquilas, a referida horta comunitária sinaliza outra maneira de se apropriar do espaço público e de viver a cidade, pautada na experiência comunitária de caráter solidário.Urban agriculture can be found in different civilizations and historical periods. However, it was not until recent times, from the countercultural movements of the 1960s and 70s onwards, that it became associated with \"green guerrilla\" or \"guerrilla gardening\", an activity that includes political actions in publicly or privately-owned land without prior permission. The resulting community gardens came to symbolise the struggle for the re-organisation of the urban space, including the reflection on the uses of public space, the origin and quality of food, the citizens\' rights to cooperate and intervene in the city. This dissertation will focus on urban agriculture as an activist expression, notably in Sao Paulo city, where it has experienced a remarkable development in the last two decades, especially with the emergence of the \"Hortelões Urbanos\" (Urban Gardeners) network and the founding of the Corujas Community Garden on a public square in the subprefecture of Pinheiros, which has contributed to legislative changes and to the reorganisation of participatory councils. My approach will question the adequacy of the historical approach, proposing instead an analysis based on the dynamics of the metropolis, the evaluation of environmental problems and of the different concepts of urban agriculture. Multiple solutions to urban issues will be suggested along the way. Guided by the methodology of the action research, the last section will be devoted to the case study of the Corujas Community Garden, giving pride of place to its socio-spatial aspects as perceived in daily life. I will conclude by addressing the utopia of the \"peaceful revolution\", i.e., the possibility that community gardens can provide a better kind of relationship with the public space and urban life, based on the communal sharing of assets and experiences.
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LINX, MICHAEL EDMUND. "AN URBAN SUPERMARKET." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148071099.
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Adamková, Jana. "Možnosti zahradnické produkce v urbánních ladech a veřejných prostorách postindustriálního města." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The image of the postindustrial city is formed by public spaces (streets, plazas and squares, parks, riverfronts and waterfronts) together with a wide range of underused urban spaces and long-term unused areas of stalled spaces. The subject of this work is research of different types of urban gardening spaces and their optimal spatial, operational and functional parameters in the context of urbanism and urban planning. The aim is to apply them to the structure of unused urban spaces. On the basis of the case studies included in the research, the success of placement of individual community projects in different types of public spaces and stalled spaces is assessed. Recommendations for planning practice are based on these evaluations. The results of the work show that spaces with possibilities of horticultural production are a suitable solution for the temporary and also long-term use of under-utilized urban areas with many benefits in social, economic and environmental areas.
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Boateng, Kwasi. "Improving Cocoa Production Through Lean: A Case Study of the Ghanaian Cocoa Industry." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1330.
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Cocoa has been useful in several ways, especially to countries that produce it and consumers all over the world. Its benefits range from improving economies to satisfying millions all over the world who desire one cocoa product or the other. The production of cocoa however is not without its own attendant problems. Aging tree stock, spread of diseases, and production capacity problems are, but a few of many challenges that seed gardens that produce cocoa face. This study investigated the pollination process on selected seed gardens in Ghana, the second largest world producer of cocoa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the artificial pollination process of cocoa on seed gardens in Ghana, and explore ways by which the Lean principle of Value Stream Mapping could be applied in improving the process. The process of pollination was observed on eighteen seed gardens, and a current value stream map depicting the existing process developed to give an indication of the current state of affairs. Subsequently, a future value stream map based on the current map was developed to show aspects of the process that could be improved to enhance the operations of the seed gardens. The future value stream map revealed that operational procedures relating to cleaning and preparation of trees, choosing male and female trees for pollination, harvesting of pollen, and manually pollinating practices presented various avenues for improving the pollination process and hence seed production output.
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Snyman, Reinette Georgenie. "Cellular biomarkers of exposure to the fungicide copper oxychloride, in the common garden snail Helix aspersa, in Western Cape vineyards." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (PhD(Agric)(Botany and Zoology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.Copper oxychloride (Cu2CI(OH)3) is a broad-spectrum fungicide, intensively sprayed in many South African vineyards and orchards. It is necessary to find accurate and effective methods of monitoring the effects of this fungicide on the biota of the agricultural environment. The use of biomarkers may be a possible method to employ for this purpose. This study investigated the effects of copper, as a result of copper oxychloride exposure, on the biology of the common garden snail Helix aspersa, as welI as a number of cellular responses to exposure to the fungicide. The possible use ofthese responses as biomarkers was also investigated. Two groups of snails were exposed to 80 and 240 tJg g-! copper oxychloride respectively, for six weeks. A third group served as control. On a weekly basis, body mass, number of eggs produced, neutral red retention (NNR) times of haemocytic lysosomes, and body copper concentrations were determined for each individual. At the end of the experiment, the digestive glands, ovotestes and hermaphrodite ducts of a number of snails were prepared for histological analysis. The following parameters were investigated: tubule area, epithelium height and area in the digestive gland, spermatozoan area in the vesicula seminalis and ovotestis, as wen as oocyte numbers in the ovotestis. To test the validity of the laboratory results, a field survey was conducted. Snails were colIected from an uncontaminated vineyard and on two occasions from a contaminated vineyard in the Western Cape. The same cellular responses were investigated as in the laboratory study. The results showed that growth, egg production and hatching success in Helix aspersa were affected by experimental exposure to copper oxychloride. In both the laboratory study and field survey, copper in the body of H. aspersa was shown to be compartmentalized and the digestive gland was the most important site of copper accumulation. NNR times of haemocytic Iysosomes were shown to be affected by copper oxychloride exposure, already during the first week of exposure. A time evolution of copper accumulation and lysosomal damage existed. Epithelium height and area of digestive gland tubules, and spermatozoan and oocyte densities in the ovotestis, were also affected by copper oxychloride exposure and the concomitant copper burdens in the respective organs. Through the field survey it was ascertained that these histopathological changes were largely dependent on exposure time. It was concluded that lysosomal response of H. aspersa haemocytes, as measured by the NNR time assay, could be considered a useful biomarker of copper oxychloride exposure, since it provides an early warning of stress induced by this fungicide. Changes in digestive gland epithelium cells, and gametes in the ovotestis, can also possibly serve as biomarkers of copper oxychloride exposure. However, these can not serve as an early warning. All of the cellular responses identified in the present study can be used in combination with other cellular and physiological parameters and toxicological endpoints in order to improve the reliability and accuracy of interpretations regarding cause and effect.
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Bloise, Carolina Peyró. "Hortas urbanas de Évora: práticas culturais, troca de saberes e contribuição para a biodiversidade agrícola." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16439.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As hortas urbanas de Évora, criadas pela autarquia em 2011, albergam 228 talhões, todos ocupados. Através deste trabalho, pretendeu-se definir o perfil dos hortelões, estudar aspetos relativos à agricultura que aí se pratica, nomeadamente práticas agrícolas utilizadas, biodiversidade agrícola, recolha de semente e existência de variedades locais e tentar perceber se existe um fluxo de informação, que contribua para a educação desta comunidade.
Para isso foram realizados inquéritos a 46 hortelões. Concluiu-se que existe uma diversidade de pessoas que se reflete nas práticas agrícolas, tendo-se definido dois grupos: um utiliza práticas mais convencionais e outro práticas mais biológicas. Foram encontrados oito hortelões com variedades locais e um número considerável que recolhe a própria semente. Existe uma partilha de produtos hortícolas, sementes e conhecimentos que parece ser enriquecedora para todos. As hortas urbanas de Évora têm um importante potencial educativo, desempenhando simultaneamente o papel de espaço recreativo e de apoio social; ABSTRACT:
Allotment Gardens in Évora: agricultural practices, exchange of knowledge and contribution to agricultural biodiversity
Allotment gardens in Évora are promoted by the City Hall since 2011 and include 228 garden plots, all occupied. This work aimed to study the gardener’s profiles and some aspects related with agricultural practices and agricultural biodiversity, if gardeners collect their own seeds and cultivate local varieties. We also wanted to understand if there is a flow of information that may contribute to everyone’s education.
We made inquires to 46 gardeners and concluded there is a diversity of people who implement a diversity of agricultural practices. Two different groups were defined: one uses conventional agriculture and the other uses organic. There are eight gardeners planting local varieties and a considerable amount who collect their own seeds. There is also an exchange of products, seeds and knowledge that is enriching for everyone. In conclusion, allotment gardens in Évora have a huge educational potential and work like recreation and social support spaces.
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Robineau, Ophélie. "Vivre de l'agriculture dans la ville africaine : une géographie des arrangements entre acteurs à Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917958.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse porte sur l'analyse des dynamiques de développement de l'agriculture urbaine à Bobo-Dioulasso, au Burkina Faso. Elle s'intéresse à la façon dont les agriculteurs arrivent à vivre et produire en ville en s'appuyant sur une démarche systémique centrée sur les interactions ville-agriculture. Elle cherche à décrypter les facteurs d'intégration de l'agriculture au système urbain. Cette intégration peut être d'ordre économique, socio-spatial, naturel, technique, et politique. Dans toutes ces dimensions de l'intégration, les arrangements entre acteurs sont un facteur de maintien de l'agriculture en ville : c'est la thèse défendue ici. Dans la première partie, la thèse retrace l'évolution des liens entre la ville et l'agriculture depuis l'origine de la ville, et décrit la diversité des dynamiques agricoles à l'oeuvre dans la ville et ses franges urbaines. Le développement de Bobo-Dioulasso, carrefour commercial de produits agricoles, est fortement basé sur le dynamisme agricole régional. Dynamiques régionales et urbaines ont favorisé le développement multiforme de l'agriculture urbaine : cette agriculture s'est développée, transformée et adaptée et est aujourd'hui pratiquée par une multitude d'acteurs urbains. Dans un deuxième temps, cette thèse analyse les pratiques agricoles et les arrangements socio-spatiaux entre acteurs. Les agriculteurs urbains, à travers des arrangements avec d'autres acteurs, arrivent à maintenir des formes agricoles contrastées en ville : les maraîchers, à travers une logique de mobilité au sein de l'espace urbain et des arrangements à la fois avec des acteurs institutionnels et des fournisseurs d'intrants, accèdent à des ressources essentielles à la conduite de leur activité. [etc.]
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Raduget, Nicolas. "Les acteurs et les voies de la mise en valeur du patrimoine alimentaire de la Touraine des années 1880 à 1990." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2016/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette étude entend observer l'intérêt pour les spécialités alimentaires de Touraine et leur mise en valeur par une multitude d'acteurs. Elle part de la fin du XIXe siècle, qui a vu se développer un régionalisme incluant la gastronomie, et s’arrête à la fin du suivant, au moment où la notion de patrimoine se généralise et prend sa forme actuelle. La réflexion sur l’émergence de ce patrimoine alimentaire est au coeur d'une vision large croisant la thématique agricole, la dynamique régionaliste – tant sur le plan de l'action politique que sur celui de registres culturels multiformes –, et l'identité touristique du « jardin de la France ». Les acteurs impliqués construisent une identité régionale par la promotion des centres d'intérêt touristique et oeuvrent pour soutenir l'attractivité locale. Les comportements évoluent dans le temps, allant de la démarche qualitative à la dynamique commerciale à outrance, d’un intérêt marqué pour le « terroir » à un certain détachementThis study aims at observing the interest in Touraine food specialities and how they were promoted by various players. Starting from the 1880s, with the appearance of regionalism (an integral part of which is gastronomy), our study ends in the late 20th century, when the notion of heritage becomes widespread and gets its current form. Thanks to the meeting of the agricultural theme, regionalist dynamics (politically and culturally speaking), and the tourist identity of the “Garden of France,” the emergence of food heritage is reflected on. All involved players build up a regional identity through the promotion of centres of tourist interest and set their sights on sustaining local attractiveness. The behavioural evolution throughout the period is observed, ranging from qualitative approach to excessive commercial drive; from strong interest in “terroir” to a certain detachment from it
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Kuntz, Benjamin. "HUNTERS IN THE GARDEN: YUPIK SUBSISTENCE AND THE AGRICULTURAL MYTHS OF EDEN." The University of Montana, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05232007-125303/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Yupik writers and Yupik subsistence offer valuable challenges, parallels, and alternative models to mainstream nature writings discourse surrounding human relationships to the land, a discourse that carries an inherent agricultural bias. An introduction to western Alaskas Nunivak Island provides context for Chapter 1, which demonstrates the fluidity of cultural, geographical, and historical margins through discussion of the works of Yupik journalist John Active and historian and ethnographer James Clifford. Chapter 2 provides an overview of Yupik subsistence centered around the community of Bethel, Alaska, then subjects mainstream nature writing, represented mostly by Wendell Berry, to critiques supplied by Canadian anthropologist Hugh Brody, who asserts that Western discourse carries traces of the myths of Eden and the curses of the book of Genesis. Chapter 3 returns to the geography and stories of Nunivak Island before detailing the contributions that Yupik writers like Oscar Kawagley and John Active have to offer back to the prevailing discourse, contributions that stress the importance of sharing and kinship and stress the dangers of commodification.
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Kuntz, Benjamin Charles. "Hunters in the Garden Yuʼpik subsistence and the agricultural myths of Eden /". CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05232007-125303/.
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Pesántez, Valdivieso Eduardo Javier. "The invisible importance of home gardens." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/14146.
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Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología
Os quintais estão presentes na sociedade humana desde a sua origem e estão distribuídos mundialmente. Estes espaços de terra estão localizados perto das casas, e o trabalho feminino neles é fundamental. Uma característica principal deles é que mantêm altos índices de agrobiodiversidade, fornecendo constante e ampla variedade de produtos, como alimentos, remédios, madeira ou forragem, principalmente para o autoconsumo das famílias e também para a geração de renda adicional. Além disso, a diversidade dos quintais contribui para a conservação de espécies ameaçadas e variedades tradicionais, preservando práticas agrícolas tradicionais, confirmando sua importância sócio-ecológica. Apesar de serem de grande importância, os quintais nem sempre recebem a devida atenção e, para serem valorizados, é necessário entender sua contribuição para os agricultores familiares e para o meio ambiente. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a importância ambiental, econômica e sócio-cultural de quintais rurais, sendo realizada em duas partes: a primeira consistiu em visitar quatro quintais na Zona da Mata para estimar sua agrobiodiversidade através da identificação das espécies e famílias e, consequentemente, calcular os índices de biodiversidade alfa (Índice de Riqueza) e biodiversidade beta (índice de Whittaker, coeficiente de Jaccard (CJ) e coeficiente de Sorensen (CS)). Finalmente, foi realizado escaneamento de uma das propriedades com equipamento laser scanner terrestre, que permitiu medir (média de três leituras) as alturas de árvores e arbustos selecionados ao acaso e, assim, observar a distribuição e a estrutura vertical do quintal. A segunda parte consistiu na análise de dados secundários contendo os valores da produção gerada em 30 propriedades na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, utilizando a metodologia denominada "Caderneta Agroecológica", na qual as mulheres compilam os dados da produção dos quintais, seu destino (autoconsumo, venda, doação e troca) e sua transformação em valores monetários, de acordo com os preços nos mercados locais de cada produto. Os resultados demonstraram que os quintais visitados variaram em tamanho, de 1990 metros quadrados para 8830 metros quadrados, com uma idade entre cinco e 20 anos. Através do trabalho participativo foi conhecido que os quintais são espaços onde as decisões são tomadas e as atividades são lideradas pelas mulheres, mas com a cooperação dos outros membros das famílias. Em nenhum dos quintais foram utilizados agrotóxicos ou fertilizantes químicos, limitando o uso de calcário como um corretivo do pH do solo em apenas uma propriedade. O solo foi adubado com esterco animal, resíduos de colheitas e resíduos orgânicos caseiros, e o controle de ervas foi feito com capina e roçado, contribuindo com a cobertura do solo. Encontraram-se 246 espécies de plantas distribuídas em 81 famílias, e seis espécies animais distribuídos em igual número de famílias. A maioria das espécies de plantas é utilizada como alimento (147 espécies), seguido de remédio (69), espécies ornamentais (56), forragem (quatro espécies) e outros usos (13 espécies). As espécies animais são utilizadas como alimento (quatro espécies) e companhia (duas espécies). A biodiversidade alfa mostrou uma elevada diversidade em cada quintal; no entanto, biodiversidade beta indicou que não há semelhança entre as quatro propriedades. O laser scanner permitiu calcular a altura das plantas selecionadas, observando coeficiente de variação máximo nas leituras de 6,24% que a maioria dos indivíduos mais altos está no pomar, e os indivíduos de médio e baixo porte estão localizados ao redor da casa. Finalmente, a Caderneta Agroecológica permitiu registrar a produção dos quintais e seu destino, assim como seu valor monetário estimado. A produção dos quintais foi diversificada (com 140 produtos registrados pelas mulheres), permanente ao longo dos 12 meses do ano, mas variável em cada mês. Monetariamente, representou uma porcentagem média equivalente a 29% do salário mínimo no Brasil.
Home gardens exist throughout the world and have been present since the beginning of human society. They are located near houses and are fundamentally dependent on female labor. One of their main characteristics is that they maintain high rates of agro-biodiversity and provide a constant and wide variety of products for the consumption of the families and for the generation of additional income: these products include food, medicine, wood, and forage. From a socio- ecological perspective the diversity of home gardens contributes to the conservation of endangered species, traditional varieties, and traditional farming practices. Despite being of great importance, these home gardens or yards do not always receive proper attention; and in order to value them accurately, it will be necessary to understand the contribution they make both to family farmers and to the environment. The aim of this study, divided into two parts, was to understand the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural importance of rural home gardens. The first part consisted in the analysis of secondary information containing production values generated on 30 farms located in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. The methodology used is called “Agro-ecological Booklet,” in which women collect the production data from the yards, their destination (consumption, sale, donation, and exchange) and their conversion into monetary values based on the prices of the local markets for each product. The second part consisted in actually visiting four home gardens in the Zona da Mata to estimate their agro- biodiversity through the identification and the uses of the species and families; and consequently to calculate the indexes of alfa-biodiversity (Index of Richness) and beta- biodiversity (Whittaker Index, Coefficient of Jaccard (CJ) and Coefficient of Sorensen (CS)). Finally, a scanning of one of the properties was performed using terrestrial laser scanner equipment that measured (average of three measurements) the height of random trees and shrubs in order to observe both the distribution and the vertical structure of the home garden. The results showed that the Agro-ecological Booklet methodology was able to record the production of the home gardens and their location, as well as an estimate of their monetary value. The production of home gardens was diverse (140 products were recorded by the women), permanent throughout the year but variable every month. Monetarily, they represented an average percentage equivalent to 29% of the minimum wage in Brazil. The visited home gardens varied in area from 1,990 square meters to 8,830 square meters, with an age range between five and twenty years. With the participatory work it was known that the home gardens are spaces where the activities and decisions are led and made by women, albeit with the co- operation of the other members of the family. Neither pesticides nor chemical fertilizers were used in any of the home gardens, thus limiting the use of agricultural lime as a soil amendment to just one single property. The soil was fertilized with animal manure, crop residues, and organic garbage from the houses; and the control of spontaneous weeds was done by mowing and weeding, contributing with the coverage of the soil. It was found that 246 plant species were distributed in 81 families, and six animal species were distributed in an equal number of families. Most plant species are used for food (147 species), followed by medicinal (69 species), ornamental (56 species), fodder (four species), and others (13 species). The animal species are used for food (four species) and companionship (two species). Alfa-biodiversity showed a high diversity in each home garden; however, beta-biodiversity indicated that there is no similarity between the four properties. Finally, the laser scanner allowed calculating the height of the selected plants, obtaining a maximum coefficient of variation of 6,24%, with the observation that the majority of the highest individuals are in the orchard while the individuals of medium and smaller height are located around the house.
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Morgado, Marta Andrade Rocha. "Hortas domiciliares na Freguesia da Ajuda:mapeamento, significados e necessidades." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12786.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertação de Mestrado em SociologiaO presente documento, constitui o projeto de dissertação de Mestrado em Sociologia, no ISCSP, tendo como principal objetivo o contributo para um conhecimento mais aprofundado sobre as Hortas Urbanas Domiciliares nas áreas delimitadas, seus significados sociais e sociológicos, e necessidades emergentes. Com a presente dissertação procurámos dar resposta às perguntas: Quais os significados sociais das Hortas Domiciliares? E quais as propostas de intervenção social e pública que os proprietários identificam como necessárias? No presente trabalho de investigação optámos por um estudo de carácter descritivo e interpretativo. Para tal, recorremos ao estudo de caso em parte das Freguesias Ajuda/Belém. Para o efeito realizamos entrevistas a 53 residentes na área em estudo. O presente trabalho visa a) um mapeamento de Hortas Domiciliares existentes no campo de pesquisa, b) um mapeamento dos significados das Hortas atribuídos pelos seus proprietários, bem como c) um mapeamento de propostas de intervenção social e pública que os proprietários identifiquem como necessárias. Inserindo-se o presente trabalho, numa abordagem inicial no âmbito dos serviços de proximidade, e mais tarde, desejável de se integrar no âmbito das políticas públicas, através de estudos complementares.
The present document constitutes the ISCSP Masters in Sociology research thesis, being its main objective the contribution for a deeper and extended knowledge in urban domiciliary gardens in specifically defined areas in Lisbon, whilst understanding its social and sociological significances and emergent needs. With this study we aimed to answer to the following questions: What are the social significances of domiciliary gardens? What are the public and social intervention proposals required by the owners? In this research work we opted for a descriptive and interpretative analysis, with recurrence to case studies in the Ajuda/Belém borough councils, by carrying out personal interview surveys to 53 residents of the defined area of study. Thus, the goals are the mapping of a) existent domiciliary gardens in the defined area; b) the significance of gardens to its owners, and c) the public and social intervention proposals identified as required by the owners. The work’s initial approach is integrated in the context of local services and is afterwards desirable to be part of the framework of public policies through the application of complementary studies.
N/A
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Hochberg, Leah. "Urban Farm and Community Garden Hybrid Models: A Case Study of the Huerta del Valle Community Garden." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/320.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines models of community gardens and urban farms and determined a successful hybrid model for future implementation at the Huerta del Valle Community Garden. This was accomplished through analyzing the unique benefits and drawbacks of community gardens and urban farms as defined by the author, and then determining the components of each model that would maximize Huerta del Valle’s social and economic potential. Community gardens are defined in this thesis as places where community members can grow their own food in individual plots, and these spaces often contribute to community building, hands-on gardening education, and improved food access. Urban farms are defined as business models that produce food to sell to the community both to support the business and to improve community food access.
Through research of existing community garden, urban farm, and hybrid models, the author determined that the most effective hybrid model includes intensive crop production, crop sales onsite as well as in farmers’ markets and delivery methods, a large community garden, and education programs for the community. The author then offered Huerta del Valle a potential model that includes these components as well as a store front, cooking lessons, value-added products, a Community Supported Agriculture program, and specific themed gardening classes. This complete model will potentially increase Huerta del Valle’s scope so it is able to improve healthy food access throughout Ontario while creating an enduring economic model.
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Pacheco, João Miguel Asseiceiro Silva. "Concentração de metais pesados em espécies hortícolas em agricultura urbana." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11169.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe use of urban gardens for vegetable production has been increasing over the last few years. Due to present and past anthropogenic activities there is cause for concern regarding contamination of the soils, water and plants in these locals. This work was performed within the broader scope of a project between the Lisbon city council, LNEC and Instituto Superior de Agronomia to analyze the contamination of some selected urban gardens in the Lisbon area. In the present thesis we report the results of the determination of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) from different vegetables collected in 8 urban gardens. The obtained results show there is no serious contamination problem with regard the studied heavy metals. All the Cd levels detected in the different plants were well below the limits imposed by law for edible fresh leaf vegetables. With regard to Pb, only a few samples exceeded the allowed limits, but usually in the non-edible parts (like roots in leaf vegetables). As for Cu, although a few samples exceeded the selected reference value, none of the samples had Cu levels that could be considered toxic. This study confirmed that the uptake of heavy metals is highly dependent not only on the plant part under study but also on the plant species, among other factors. The determination of the average daily intake of Cd due to lettuce consumption also confirmed that there is no toxicity problem with regard to this heavy metal. Globally, the gardens with higher contents of heavy metals in the plants were Chelas 1, CRIL and Granja 1 and 2. This could be due to their location, near major roads with heavy urban traffic. It can thus be concluded that, in the selected urban gardens in the Lisbon area, no significant heavy metal contamination exists
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Osborne, Amanda Paige. "Seeds of Threat| Insecure Tenure and Governance in the Community Gardens of D.C." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1538377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Community gardens have begun to increase in numbers in many highly urbanized areas across the United States. Community gardens are a form of urban green space that have many functions and can provide a plethora of benefits to its participants. While community gardens have proven to be very successful in urban areas, their success may be undermined by insecure land tenure. With the shift to governance and the adoption of neoliberal urban policies, community gardens may face foreclosure to free the land for economic development projects. Community gardens are public spaces, but legal access does not necessarily guarantee equal access for surrounding urban populations. Certain subsets of urban populations can experience unequal access to community gardens, both socially and spatially. This research employed a mixed methods approach to examining community gardens within the District of Columbia, including semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and spatial analysis. Issues of land tenure, management, community, and access were examined in three community gardens within the District of Columbia. This research has shown that the governance of community gardens can be messy, contributing to management issues. Additionally, the governance of these spaces affect who has access to these spaces. Access was found to be a multifaceted and complex issue, showing how community gardens can become spaces of exclusion. Finally, the gardeners interviewed did not agree upon the definition or existence of "community" within their community garden.
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Dominguez, Steven R. "Assessing the hydrologic functions of prehistoric grid gardens in north central New Mexico /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI dissertation, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37717947k.
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Stetter, Claudia. "The Western Kentucky University Teaching Gardens: Landscape Design and Establishment Plan." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this thesis is to design a landscape plan for Teaching Gardens at the Western Kentucky University Agriculture Research and Education Center. The landscape plans were selected based upon the available 5.3 acres surrounding the greenhouse, vineyard, and Exposition Center. Planning included goals and objectives, analysis of the available site, landscape design plans, and connecting the Teaching Gardens to the current curriculum. This thesis also includes related areas to the development of Teaching Gardens such as: summary of courses with related topics to Teaching Gardens, programs that will be used throughout the community, and a listing of current and estimated future costs/expenses plus funding avenues to support this endeavor. The implementation of the Gardens in this thesis has created an area of learning for the Agriculture Department, university, and local community. The Teaching Gardens are an extension of the classroom learning experience, which provide research opportunities, harvest/care information, and promote healthy nutrition. The Teaching Gardens provide a naturally beautiful atmosphere for the enjoyment of students, faculty and staff, and the local community.