Дисертації з теми "Garantie des droits des parties"
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Fledeus, Anixon. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des différends (MARD) et la garantie des droits des parties en matière commerciale : étude comparée des droits français, haïtien et OHADA." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCF010.
Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) have gradually established themselves as rapid and effective means, specially in commercial matters, for the resolution of both national and international disputes, outside of recours to state justice, to respond to the expressions of the parties. The thesis aims to demonstrate that these ADR offer undeniable guarentees to the parties, guarentees that they do not always find with contentious justice. Due find to opportunities offred by these amicalble and alternative methods, they can be seen as a methode offreind safe and affective justice for resolving contractual dispute in commercial matters. The parties find appropriate and beneficial disputes in commercial matters. The partie find appropriate and benecial solutions, taking avantage in particular, from a procedural point of view, of confidentiality, speed, flexibility, idependance, impartiality and, in substance, in actively participating in a consent-based payment methods. By studying French law, Haitian law and OHADA law, this thesis proposes to show how amicable methods, whisch are mainly conciliation and mediation are security instruments granrandueeing the rights of the parties in commercial matters, then, in whish arbitration is also an instrument for guaranteeing and protecting the rights of the partie in matters of commercial disputes
Hlaleh, Roustom. "La cession de contrôle en droit français et syrien : aspects de droit des sociétés et droit de la concurrence." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G020.
In recent years there has been a significant increase in the transfer of corporation control in the business world. Transfer of control, which has the purpose of changing decision-making power within the company, is not only a procedure of company transfer, but it’s also a merger procedure. This identification of the nature of Transfer of control raises several legal issues in our comparative study of French and Syrian law. Indeed, insofar as it is a personal decision of the shareholder or partnership to relinquish control over the company for the benefit of another person, this leads us to determine the legal mechanism of such contracts, by highlighting those questions concerning the formation of the contract, and means of protecting the parties from its effects. As the transfer of control is a personal decision, it is important to identify the problems of protection of third parties from this decision (minority shareholders and employees) because they have no power to prevent such decisions from being taken. Similarly, the change in decision-making in a company can impact negatively on competition, notably through the creation of mergers or a dominant market position. The risk represented for the market by this type of transaction leads us to identify the mechanisms and means which have been put in place by the French and Syrian authorities, such as a prior and subsequent supervision of this transfer of control
Hounsa, Mahougnon Prudence. "Les actes juridiques privés exécutoires : droit français/droit OHADA." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100196/document.
The private legal acts are writs of execution for which the fundamental act on which is affixed the enforceable formula is a private legal act. It is the case of notarial acts, agreements approved by a judge, enforceable reports(fines) of conciliation, by report(fine) of nonpayment of an unpaid check made enforceable by the bailiff. The law Macron adds to this family of writ of execution the agreements approved by a bailiff for the small claims(debts).The procedure of establishment of these writs of execution takes place without any jurisdictional control. From then on, it is about to know if the conditions of establishment and implementation of the enforceable private legal acts are satisfactory in the look, on one hand the criteria of definition and effects of the writ of execution and on the other hand the requirement of the respect for the fundamental rights so procedural as substantial? If not, there is a legal and/or case law remedy in this insufficiency? Is this one where necessary, satisfactory?
Déal, Emilie. "La garantie juridictionnelle des droits fondamentaux communautaires." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271970.
The judicial guarantee of fundamental rights is based on ambiguity: the Community of law is not correctly apprehended. Specially, fundamental rights do not seem to be an attribute of it. Consequently, the mission of the judge is badly understood: if the recognition of the general principles of Community law were legitimate, the judge did not have any obligation to identify fundamental rights. Nevertheless, it has acquired the legitimacy to do so. Concerned about respecting its mission even enriched, it cannot take the place of EU “constitutive power” to compensate for its shortcomings. However the Court was not at fault to balance the guarantee of fundamental rights. On the one hand, it has adopted a constructive behaviour, as our statistical trends confirm. On the other hand, the Court was able to suggest constructive perspectives, also contained in the postponed European Constitution treaty project. For the time being, some evolutions remain possible
Mohammed, Ibrahim. "L' arbitrage et les garanties des parties : étude de droit français, droit égyptien et droit comparé." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010259.
Pélissier, Patrick. "La garantie des droits fondamentaux en matière pénale en Haiti." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10033/document.
Fundamental rights are confronted with an obsolete legal system and judicial mechanisms that are not appropriate either for their effectiveness or efficiency in Haiti. A set of cultural, historical and other obstacles stemming from legal practice fails the development of the criteria of judiciary independence and guarantees of procedural rights. The lack of a hierarchy of applied norms and the conservatism of the system's actors make it difficult to accept conventional fundamental rights and their influence in judicial decisions
Mousseron, Pierre. "Les conventions de garantie dans les cessions de droits sociaux." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10006.
After an introduction showing the insufficiency of the protection conferred to the buyer of stock by the current statutory provisions, the thesis successively addresses the questions of the choice of the type of warranty and the issues relating to the content of representation and warranty provisions. Corporate, tax and legal issues that should be taken into account when drafting such provisions, are detailed. Contract lax issues relating to the scope of the warranty, to the beneficiary of the warranty and to the execution of such provisions are also dealt with. The conclusion presents the other sorts of transfer of equity which could give rise to representations and warranty provisions
Prieur, Charles-Emmanuel. "Les conventions de garantie dans les souscriptions de droits sociaux." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU2015.
Boyer-Capelle, Caroline. "Le Service public et la garantie des droits et des libertés." Limoges, 2009. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/be99da29-2c0a-4a98-8dc4-7c3b85b79968/blobholder:0/2009LIMO1001.pdf.
The impact of public service on the guarantee of the individuals rights and liberties results from a very old debate, whose tenets must however be re-examined today in the light of the evolution of the understanding of this notion. Beyond an approach uniquely centered on economic freedoms, public service should be considered indispensable to the application of individual rights and liberties, this being a legitimising function highly valued today. The link between public service and the prerogative of the individual is effectively to be rediscovered through the willingness to maintain social cohesion and consequently to struggle against certain situations which have been identified as prejudicial to rights and liberties. The appropriateness of the services provided to meet the expectations of the user becomes the central aim. This in turn initiates a renewal of the public services offered through a modernisation of the body’s directing principles. New checks and balances are reached, the aim of which appears to be the improvement of the guarantee offered by the public service. However this evolution is linked to a further individualisation of the service. This might in turn lead to a loss of sight of the egalitarian dimension, which constitutes, in fine, the foundation of the idea. To this question can be added that of the delicate conciliation between the various rights which public service workers can traditionally take advantage of. The observed evolution raises a number of questions. It is however clear that the analysis of the notion of public service is today increasingly identified through the prism of the guarantee of rights and freedoms
Fallon, Damien. "L'abstention de la puissance publique et la garantie des droits fondamentaux." Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10066.
Public authorities’ abstention is strongly linked with fundamental rights. Indeed, historically speaking, the fundamental rights’ primary function is to bind public authorities with abstention obligations. This initial function has then been completed by a positive dimension. Consequently, public authorities have today to prevent themselves from infringing fundamental rights, but also to prevent themselves from not guaranteeing them. The purpose of this research work is to build a specific concept of abstention, able to describe and analyze the various passive behaviours of public authorities. In this meaning, abstention will be defined as a real way of action available to public authorities. Abstention this has to be distinguished from non-action, which designates a lack of action. Considering abstention as an action allows beefing-up of judicial control on the public authorities’ different passive behaviours. The connections between abstention of fundamental rights’ guarantee are therefore reciprocal. Fundamental rights developed under the impulse of abstention obligations. Public authorities’ abstention control has been reinforced under the impulse of fundamental rights
Mauger-Rougeau, Corinne. "L'action en justice, un droit processuel pour la garantie des droits substantiels." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020005.
Choutri, Kalil. "Devoir médical et droits de l'Homme : une relation garantie par l'obligation juridique." Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21020.
The achievement of human rights, in the XVIIIth century, allowed in the XXth century the elevation and affirmation of peripheral human rights such as socio-economic rights. The health law is a perfect illustration as a condition to the right of health by putting at national and international levels the necessary ethic rules and the fundamental legal rules guarantying the rights of sick persons in the medical relationship. This thesis follows the idea that the relationship physician/patient is the base of the therapeutic relationship born from its antic reminiscences. The quality of this meeting, between medical person and the sick person, is function of the effective enforcement of rights and obligations set, according to the case, by deontology, ethic, agreement or law. By observing the history of medicine, one notices that the conscience, the moral, the philosophy and the religion have also an important role in the equilibrium of this meeting, even if they gained recognition first as amoral obligation for physicians in the interest of the medical family and later in the interest of the Council of Physicians (Ordre des médecins). This research deals with this issue and details the emergence, the role, the strength and the weaknesses of all theses notions induced from the medical relationship. It contributes also to set the bases of a new definition "the medical duty", which includes the above notions. The medical duty becomes a possible factor of the therapeutic relationship equilibrium (Part I). The relationship physician/patient is observed through medical, technological and scientific progresses, and through the influence of medical power on the therapeutic research. A medical power, occasionally ignoring the medical duty, allows a risk for the human rights in general and for the sick person in particular. This research shows that between the medical duty and the human rights, an equilibrium is needed set by predetermined and constant obligation, the reason alone is not enough. The agreement and the law come to balance this relationship in the interest of all (Part II)
Youssef, Nada. "La transition démocratique et la garantie des droits fondamentaux : esquisse d'une modélisation juridique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32015.
The democratic transition is a complicated and a difficult process which is always examined from a political view. This phenomenon which constitutes topicality requires a deep legal analysis. This thesis is aiming at to set pillars and establish common foundations to every democratic transition in taking into consideration the specificity of each state. It’s not a question of a “standard” transition but rather to set the necessary “guide lines” to achieve and succeed democratic transition towards the rule of law : the ultimate target of transition. The study constitutes an easy of modelling of a new legal system aiming to set out the transitional process from the start till the end, based on the respect of the fundamental rights. The qualification of the transition, its stages, mechanisms, and results is made on the basis accorded by the transition actors to democracy, to recognition and protection of fundamental rights. Every transition getting off these criterias shall not be considered democratic. These theoretical analyses supported by practical examples allow us to evoke mutual influence between democracy and fundamental rights. These ones, only guaranteed by democratic regime, are in the heart of the transitional process. They constitute a challenge for the transition actors. The treatment of fundamental rights violations committed before the transition remain one of the most difficult stakes
Renaudie, Maxime. "Les droits sociaux aux Etats-Unis : Essai sur la garantie des droits socaiux dans la culture juridique nord-américaine." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0672.
The concept and justiciability of social and economic rights in the specific US legal field has never been studied by the French legal doctrine, with the exception of short comparative studies. We see the American legal field as largely aversive to the recognition of the so-called “social rights”. However, when we consider social rights guarantee, American law offers weak but very original perspectives. And the American legal doctrine offers many ways to consider social rights guarantee in the field of Common law. To better appreciate social rights, we need to distinguish two different timeline in American legal history which has influenced the creation and spreading of social rights. First timeline is Franklin Roosevelt New Deal in the 30's, second timeline is Warren court judicial activism against segregation starting in the 50's, joined by Johnson War on poverty the following decade. By dealing with social and economic regulation, these two timelines offers two antagonistic conceptions of social rights. The first conception goes back to the New Deal era. It focuses on the emancipation of worker's rights, and social insurance. That conception implies the exclusive responsibility of legislative branch to make such a social legislation. The second conception goes back mainly to Warren court era and Johnson presidency. That conception implies the protection of the minorities who didn't get access to New Deal reforms because of segregation laws at that time . It is the responsibility of the Supreme Court to put them back into the Welfare State. That specific two channels conception of social rights gave birth to a specific conceptual duality which prevents any possibility to conceive a whole theory of social rights guarantee in US legal doctrine. That conceptual duality is interesting tough, as it permits to better consider doctrinal debates about justiciability of social rights. US legal doctrines focused on two mains debates according to social rights. The first one is the problem of indeterminacy. It implies social rights as a history related and dynamic kind of law, condemning most theories based on moral transcendent principles of justice. The second is the problem of court capability for enforcing such kind of rights. It focuses on a broader debate about the Judicial review model, and the separation of powers between courts and legislative branch. The conceptual duality of social rights made their guarantee strongly contingent of the political process. Social rights guarantee depend on the background social project which put them into reality. That perspective made the basic idea of guarantee a non sense in the case of social rights, but stay as the best tool to better appreciate their evolution and the needs they fulfill
Kodjo, Théophile. "La garantie constitutionnelle des droits fondamentaux en Angola de l'indépendance à nos jours." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAD008.
This thesis analyzes the protection of fundamental rights in Angola from 1975 to the present day. It aim at determining the break between the past and present situation of these rights in Angola and to identify in which area this situation has improved, stalled or regressed. In others words, il point out the difficulties which undermine the recognition and effective protection of these rights, in the way they have been consacrated by the successive constitutional texts from the First to the Third Republic, as well as in other legal instruments, both domestic and international, relating to the subject of human rights protection. On a institutional plan, this means to review thoroughly the different mechanisms meant to ensure the protection of fundamental freedoms in Angola, in order to assess their effectiveness and to determine how to improve them. This requires identifying these mechanisms, considering both judicial and non judicial protection
Gobin, Solène. "Garantie et contre-garantie au service du contrat initial : contribution à la compréhension des logiques élémentaires en droits civil, bancaire et financier." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020010.
If the concept of guarantee primarily reflects the parties’ distrust of one another, it also conveys their need for trust, which is necessary to facilitate transactions, comfort the creditor’s position and the debtor’s financial situation and more generally to secure the market. In the context of financing transactions (credit and refinancing operations, bond loans and structured financing operations), the importance of guarantees and counter-guarantees is bound to the will and function of the parties to trade and influenced by the environment that the market and associated regulation have set. A financing transaction is especially defined by a contractual structure involving a financing package along with guarantee and counter-guarantee mechanisms. This contractual structure establishes the {original contract – guarantee – counter-guarantee} complex, core of this thesis.The purpose of this thesis is to study the relationships between the original contract and the guarantee, the guarantee and the counter-guarantee, the counter-guarantee and the original contract within financing transactions, with regard to civil law as well as banking and financial law. The analysis will focus on the nature of these contractual relationships when implementing and executing the guarantees and counter-guarantees, the force of which will then be assessed in respect to insolvency proceedings and the banking resolution regime. The effectiveness of the guarantees and counter-guarantees within the financing transactions is thus at stake and must serve the transaction’s efficiency
Langles, Thierry. "Les clauses de garantie d'actif et de passif à l'occasion de la cession de droits sociaux." Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA131024.
The subject matter of this thesis is the study of conventional warranty clauses with regard to the transfer of social rights. The first part deals with, on the one hand, the basis of these clauses throught the examination of the context in which they are adopted (sale of social rights and evaluation of the business) and do the insufficient available legal recourses, and on the other hand, the analysis of the conventional warranty mecanism by means of a general presentation of the latter and by resort to the distinction between warranty and due delivery obligations assumed by the assignor. The second part studies the realisation of the warranty. The first title concerns the conclusion of the warranty convention (definition of the subjects and of the object of the warranty) and the second title explains the execution at once and the same time free and contentious of the warranty agreement. The covering and settlement obligations that bear upon the guarantor are studied seriatim. The thesis concludes with the study of the provisions provided for difficult cases of implementation of the warranty convention
Beduschi, Ana. "La garantie par l'Union européenne des droits sociaux fondamentaux des ressortissants de pays tiers." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10034.
Third-country nationals have become veritable subjects of the EU Law. Nevertheless, their protection is fragmented by the increasing categorization of their status, in consequence of their fact and juridical situation. The emergence of a common standard of protection of fundamental social rights based on the EU regulations and policies may be however noted. Thus the coordination of social security systems applies explicitly to the regular staying third-country nationals. EU social regulations and directives also apply to those persons when the nationality condition is not specified. The same situation is also considered on the non-discrimination principle field. Then, this common standard of protection can offers a base to the development of a social status that is an attribute of the social citizenship, materialized by the social participation in the community. This social status could come itself the foundation of the construction of a truly European status dedicated to the regular staying third-country nationals. It could contribute to the realization of the European Council Tampere's objective to give a fair treatment to those persons. It could also contribute to the reinforcement of their integration at the member States community. It consists in a social integration, by the practice of fundamental social rights like working, funding social security, or getting involved with trade unions representation
Bahbouhi, Soror. "Le conflit d'intérêts du banquier." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090060.
Banker’s conflict of interests is a hackneyed concept being invoked with each new crisis without being fully seized by the law. Special, autonomous and original, this concept longs earnestly to legal existence. Conflict of interest is the result of an incompatibility of a power and a duty being simultaneously in the hands of the banker. It is the situation where the banker has the power to affect an interest, pre-defined as superior, that he has the duty to protect. The concept stands at the heart of the fiduciary and agency law governing a considerable part of banker-client relationship, but is not restricted to this area and can both flourish outside the contractual context. Banker’s conflict of interests assumes the existence of a prior : a relationship of trust, which it maintenance appears to have justified many and disparate rules. Mainly inherited from regulations specific to investment services, it appears, after a critical review, that they fail to fully understand the conflict of interest in this area, let alone within its sphere of expression, which extends far beyond. A better legal management of the studied object then imposes a search for simplification and efficiency. In a prospective approach, analyzing the interpretation of legal concepts to which recourse is made to control the contractual Banker’s conflict of interests reveals that the obligation to manage the conflict of interest has common features with the traditional guarantee obligation. A comparative approach of the Anglo-American law confirms the unique nature of the banker's obligation facing the conflict of interest. Such an obligation necessarily require specific rules and a draft is being proposed in the thesis
Pelet, Stéphanie. "La garantie légale des biens de consommation : étude comparée des droits français, anglais et communautaire /." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Presses Univ. du Septentrion, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/349752958.pdf.
Pelet, Stéphanie. "La garantie légale des biens de consommation : étude comparée des droits français, anglais et communautaire." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10001.
Pellegrino, Claudia Lea. "La Cour constitutionnelle italienne et son rôle en matière de garantie des droits fondamentaux des étrangers." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0186.
The present work aims to investigate the role of the Italian Constitutional Court in the protection of fundamental rights of individuals, enshrined in the Constitution. Special reference will be made to the category of third-country nationals, who are untied from the State by any bond of citizenship.This research is conducted following a perspective of historical reconstruction, starting from the evolution of constitutional justice in Europe and the works of the Italian Constituent Assembly concerning the establishment of a “Judge of laws”.The first section of the thesis analyses the Court’s structure, its functioning, the decision-making tools and the mechanisms of access to the constitutional judgment of the laws. With regard to the latter, it is intended to focus attention on the mechanism of cross-claim as it is designed in the Italian constitutional justice’s system, by analyzing its strengths and limits and by making a comparison with the “question prioritaire de constitutionnalité” introduced in France ten years ago.Furthermore, research aims to investigate the absence, in the Italian system, of any forms of direct appeal by the individuals, which may allow them to send a referral to the Court in the absence of an a quo judgment in which an opportunity for the referral of the question of constitutional legitimacy can be initiated.Moreover, object of analysis are the legislative proposals for the establishment of such an instrument, as well as the doctrinal orientations that have spoken in favor or against this opportunity.The second part, which constitutes the more original contribution of the work, relates to the role that the Constitutional Court has provided in defining the legal status of foreigners and in implementing the constitutional right of asylum. The evolution of the constitutional jurisprudence in the matter of immigration is characterized by a trend of self-restraint by the Court as far as the discretion of the legislator is concerned.However, the attitude of the Court also varies according to the aspects governed by sectorial legislation and the rights that are presumed to be violated by the laws subjected to the scrutiny of constitutionality.Ultimately, the Court has considerably contributed to a dynamic adjustment of the status of the rights and duties of foreigners, also with declarations of unconstitutionality aimed at ensuring effective recognition of human rights, enshrined in the Constitution and in supranational and international law, which must be applied regardless of the possession of the status civitatis or regularity of the stay.As for constitutional right of asylum, the reference provision is Article 10, paragraph 3 of the Constitution.The punctum crucis of the reflection on constitutional asylum is represented by the relationship of this institution with those of international protection(refugee status and subsidiary protection) governed by the internal legislation transposing the European directives forming part of the so-called "Common European Asylum System" as well as of the residual form of so- called "humanitarian" internal protection, contemplated in the Italian system until its recent repeal.An attempt was made to answer two questions: can the constitutional right of asylum be considered as "absorbed" by the tools of protection indicated above and, therefore, implemented in our legal system?What role has the Constitutional Court played in defining the legal nature of this institution and the rights associated with it, in the absence of a provision implementing the rule of law/statutory reservation provided by the aforementioned constitutional provision?The work concludes, therefore, with the hope of a more meaningful intervention by the Court, that may sanction the absence of a constitutionally prescribed discipline, in order to restore the autonomous right of the individual to constitutional asylum
Ouedraogo, Daouda. "Démocratisation des Etats et garantie internationale des droits démocratiques : essai sur une contribution des organisations internationales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0147/document.
If democracy refers to the political regime in which the state institutional apparatus reflects the will of the people, democratization would thus characterize any process leading to a more open and participatory authoritarian political system. But this democratization is not only the result of internal dynamics, it is also, and increasingly, the result of external actors, in particular international organizations.Since the end of the Cold War, convinced that democracy is the political system that offers the best guarantees of respect for human rights, international organizations, both universal and regional, with the United Nations in the lead, have resolutely invested themselves both from a normative and operational point of view in democracy promotion, sometimes to the point of questioning the well-established principle of State sovereignty. The promotion of democracy by international organizations is governed by a legal regime whose initial ambivalence has gradually given way to a certain coherence. This regime places individual and collective rights on States, the respect for which is monitored or even sanctioned by political and jurisdictional mechanisms, but whose effectiveness appears uncertain, thus recalling the complexity and sensitivity of the democratic question in international law
Tidjani, Amidou Issiaka. "La Cour africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples : d'une juridiction ordinaire de garantie des droits fondamentaux à une Cour régionale sui generis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080043.
Initially, the African Court on human and people’s rights was established in 1998 by the African Union to guarantee the protection of fundamental rights. Like the European and the inter-American Courts, it was a specialized body in charge of giving effectiveness to a continental treaty on human rights. To reach this goal, the African Court was granted a widen material jurisdiction and a fair trial guarantee. However, that good theoretical design has been limited by important practical inadequacies. In fact, the African Court has been very difficult to access and the implementation of its decisions is not totally ensured. Therefore, the effectiveness of that Court is simply partial. Otherwise, the African Court is undergoing a substantial transformation which makes it, more than a simple regional Court on human rights, the tool for claiming a new perception of international law. So, it was merged in 2008 with the African Union Court of justice to become a new Court preventing African States from going to non-Africans international Courts. This dynamic has been completed in 2014 by the expansion of the new Court prerogatives to judge individuals for international crimes. This reform means a way to prevent Africans, in future, to be judged by International Criminal Court. Yet, all of these reforms are transforming the African Court on human and people’s right to sui generis Court. But they are also creating an important risk of failure for human and people’s right protection in Africa
Llanes, Laura. "Les enjeux des techniques contractuelles de garantie et d'ajustement du prix dans les cessions de droits sociaux." Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10027.
Even though the business transfer market was significantly affected by the impact of the 2008 economic crisis, SMEs transfer, as an essential component of this market, remains a transaction of an unquestionable importance. From an economic and financial point of view, business transfer appears as a control transfer. Legally, it is a corporate rights transfer. On an economic aspect, the transferee cannot just have a superficial knowledge of the circumstances leading to the conclusion of the contract and of its conditions. He is entitled to include the unpredictable in the contract legal terms, in order to compensate the risk on overestimating the transferred corporate rights value. In addition to that, the transferor wishes to make the most ot its past work. The assignment of its business can constitute an important share of its retirement. To do so, the parties reconcile diverging interests about price and thus secure the transfer with a price adjustment or a price guarantee contractual system. Given the multitude of clauses generated by practice, two of them appear recurrent in this matter : clauses for assets and liabilities guarantee and clauses of "earn out". In any event, even if it is not reasonable to contractually consider all the possibilities or to rule out an inevitably unpredictable share of the transaction, the purpose of this study is to analyse the issues of price guarantee or price adjustement clauses, which drafting and implementation imply a lot of professionalism
Bouziri, Nejib. "Le pacte international des droits civils et politiques et son application par les Etats-parties." Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020144.
This thesis tries to prove that despite the excessive lengthiness of elaboration of the international covenant of civil and political rights and its implementation, despite also the persisting reserves demonstrated by several states towards the itnernationalization of human rights, the covenant has become a reality in the legal life of about hundredthirty state-parties. The optional protocal to the covenant had the same difficult way. It allows to individual subject to state-party to its juridiction, who claim to be victims of a violation by the state party of any of the rights set forth in the covenant to submit communications to the human right committee without prejudice to respect some conditions. By its continious control, its directives, its "final observations" to each state party and its "general observations" to all state-parties, the committee, however has efficiently help state parties to fulfill their obligations as due in the covenant by discribing the measures of implementation. Last, though the optional protocol, the human right committee has received almost six hundred communications and pointed almost hundred eighty "views" of violations of covenant. The important and remarkable case-law of the committee has given to it consideration of the state-parties, the united nations and the doctrine. At the end of this thesis, we present two proposals which might serve to prevent and eventual crisis of the human right committee. The first one in case of lack of financial and human means; the second to try to reduce the proliferation of international organs dealing with human rights
Paulus, Arnaud. "Protections et garanties du cessionnaire de droits sociaux." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0011.
-This work is a doctoral law's thesis about somme specific aspects of the purchase of shares or, broadly speaking, purchase of securites. - when the purchase's contract appeared to be less rewarding to the purchaser than contemplated, is there any remedy ? - if there is no question about the validity of consent and in the absence of any wrongdoing from the seller, a legar warranty is available to the purchaser. But legal warranty does not protect much, the purchaser may therefore need to bargain warranty clauses in the very contract to fill the loopholes as far as possible. The aim of this work is to bring out the complexity and many snares and problems behind these clauses (. . . ) And to suggest, according to each case, possible anxwers and solutions
Martinier, Elsa. "Les fonds d'indemnisation et les droits des victimes." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STETT111.
Lawmakers tend to favor the victims of certain kind of damages as evidenced by the growing establishment of compensation funds. However, this multiplication doesn't guarantee respect for victims' rights. Although they seem to be favored at first sight, sometimes the victims have to make questionable sacrifices. Admittedly, victims are compensated better nowadays; however, the links between the compensation fund and the rights of victims appear equivocal. Some questions remain.Are victims treated equally before compensation funds? Does this system impair essential rights?An analysis of respect for the victims' rights by the compensation funds is required. Even though compensation funds offer to the victims an easier access to compensation, the mechanism turns outto be improvable. Deep inequalities are highlighted between victims of a same funds between those and the victims of the ordinary law, but also between the compensation funds and the plaintiff victims. Thus, a more egalitarian and more coherent system should be offered to make compensation funds a real alternative for the victims
Truffin, Barbara. "Représentations et pratiques du "Droit" en Amazonie équatorienne: la garantie constitutionnelle des droits des peuples indigènes en contexte." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211099.
Serageldin, Sami. "Les clauses ayant effet à l'échelle des groupes de contrats." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30052/document.
The objet of this thesis is to create a method that could explain a phenomenon that has been observed by scholars and practitioners of law for decades; which is the extension end the transmission of certain clauses in chain agreements and contractual sets. Through this method one should be able, on one hand, to justify this phenomenon in regard to general principals of law and, on the other hand, to find an explanation for some necessary derogations to the Law.The first step in this thesis was to find answers for some basic questions about groups of contracts that have a direct impact on our subject. We have demonstrated that the fundament of contractual sets relies in the concept of “economy of contract”. Members of chain agreements and contractual sets should be considered as third parties in their mutual relationships. Direct action, which constitutes the dynamic face of chain agreements, could be analyzed as a multilateral set-off. In multiparty contractual sets, the set could not produce its effects in regard to its members unless it could be proven that the concerned member has knowledge of the existence of the other contracts forming the set and of the links between these contracts and his own one. Finally, in two parties’ contractual sets, it’s mandatory to distinguish between a real contractual set, and complex contract which is merely a contract written in several documents. We have proposed a chronological method to establish this distinction, taking into account the number of times the parties have exchanged their consent. After this preliminary part, we have studied precedents regarding the extension and the transmission of some clauses in chain agreements and contractual sets. Jurisdiction clauses and arbitration clauses are by far the most represented, but other clauses such as clauses of disclaimer of warranty, clauses of limited liability, clauses of waiver of action and clauses of non-competition are also sometimes extended or transmitted to other contracts and/or to other members in the group. Through an analysis of these decisions, we have shown that some of them didn’t have enough legal ground. Using those decisions that seemed to us well-founded, we have deduced a number of rules that could be applied for other cases of extension and transmission of clauses in groups of contracts.The rules that we have deduces from the study of the case law, together with the answers that we have provided for some preliminary questions in the first part of the thesis, have lead us to find the method we are looking for in this study.The first step in this method is to recognize the type of group of contracts involved: is it a chain agreement, a multiparty contractual set or a two parties’ set ?If it’s a contractual set between two parties, the first question should be to decide whether it’s really a contractual set, or if it’s a complex contract. If the group of contracts involved is a chain agreement or a multiparty contractual set, then one should wonder whether the doctrine of privity of contract could form an obstacle against the extension or the transmission of the clause. We have demonstrated in this thesis that article 1165 of the Civil Code is only applicable to clauses that contain an obligation. In order to qualify recognize clauses having an “obligational” content, we have proposed five fundamental elements. If the clause contains an obligation it could not be extended to the other members of the chain agreement or the contractual set. Otherwise, the clause is potentially opposable.There are only two exceptions to the doctrine of privity of contract. The first one, in chain agreements is the transmission of rights to singular successors. This exception could be justified by article 1122 of the Civil Code and by the concept of accessoire. The second exception could be seen in contractual sets where the binding authority of the clause could not be respected unless it is extended to certain third parties
Logoz, François. "La protection de l'exportateur face à l'appel abusif à une garantie bancaire : étude comparative des droits allemand, français, belge et suisse /." Genève : [Paris] : Librairie Droz ; [diff. Champion], 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366555105.
Aranjo, Christophe de. "Les juges de la loi et la garantie des droits de l'homme : étude des rapports entre cours constitutionnelles et européennes en France et en Allemagne." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020030.
El, Rajab Dima. "L'opposabilité des droits contractuels : étude de droit comparé français et libanais." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020074/document.
The notion of opposability, which appeared in French doctrine at the beginning of the last century, is of crucial importance today in relation to legal certainty. Thus, it is generally accepted in contemporary doctrine that such a concept explains the non-obligatory effects of contracts towards third parties and particularly in regard to responsibility. On the one hand, third parties must abstain from any act which may harm others' contracts. If this should occur, parties to the contract could claim compensation for any damage suffered as the result of a convention under taken by a third party without regard to their rights. On the other hand, and in parallel, a third-party victim is entitled to make a tort claim against a cocontracting party failed to fulfill a contractual obligation when this would be prejudicial tohim. Having said that, there is an ever-increasing number of authors for whom opposability cannot be used to support the two preceding rules. However, this criticism is notcompletely justified. Indeed, an in-depth study of the exact meaning, of the basis and of the determining characteristics of opposability show that, given a fair definition of the boundaries, this notion remains useful, if not indispensable to protect parties to a contract and third parties
Ngalima, Bernadette. "Le traitement des parties dans le contentieux international des droits de l'homme : vers la recherche d'un équilibre procédural." Thesis, Artois, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ARTO0301.
At a time when people think that the procedural law is the one that guarantees the effectiveness of international human rights law, it is interesting to measure the truly place given up to the individual in the trial vs. the State. This thesis is based on the judicial practice of international’ s human rights organizations try to demonstrate the difficulties of these supranational institutions to treat the individual applicant and the respondent State equally as asked by the rules of fair trial. Instead of an essentially formal equality implies no differentiation between the parties, their mission requires them to look naturally, substantive equality. That is why it has been recommended to focus on the equity that has its place in international litigation of human rights. This is more justified because the configuration of the international society, the nature of the international law of human rights and the legal formalism impede a greater protection of the human. This thesis has been the opportunity to revisit the issue of the search for balance between the parties in international litigation of human rights which means at first the balance of procedural statutes. Despite an improvement in the procedural position of the individual, it must be admitted that there are still gaps in the protection available to it. This has led to the conclusion that in the field of protection of human, the most important thing is the humanization of law
Shwekat, Aïad. "Les droits et les obligations des parties du contrat administratif dans le droit français et libyen : étude comparative." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10013/document.
This thesis is entitled: “The rights and obligations of the parties of the administrative agreement between the French and Libyan rights. Comparative analysis”. The first part deals with the powers of the administration against its contractor; the powers available to the administration are all rights exercised in respect of the other party, it derives its legal prerogatives in the organization of the management of public services and constitute the axis of its action. The administration and execution has the power to control the administrative contract, the unilateral power of amendment of that contract and the power to impose penalties to the other contracting party if it breached its contractual obligations. The second part was devoted to the rights and obligations of the contracting party. It derives its rights of administrative contract and the administration will have to enforce it so that it can carry out its duties, the most important are the financial rights which constitute the real motivation that led him to contract. In return for these rights, many obligations weighing on the other party and among them the most notable are those of personal performance that must be taken in a timely manner
Carpentier, Franck. "Le public face à sa justice : Éléments pour une réflexion sur les mutations de la démocratie à partir de l’étude d’une garantie procédurale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS098.
The principle of publicity is presented, in particular by conventional law, as contributingto founding the existence of a "democratic society". The purpose of our study is to question therange of this procedural guarantee at the time of the generalization of the principle of transparencyin order to determine to what extent it can help us to regard democracy at the national level
Tetu, Maïlys. "La catégorie juridique des droits et libertés." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3054.
At first, the study of rights and liberties seems scattered, their conception changes according to the names chosen – Human rights, public liberties, fundamental rights – without any fixed definition being proposed. Furthermore, in each of these approaches, rights and liberties remain divided, either because certain of them are excluded from the categories previously mentioned, or because within them oppositions remain, such as that established between “liberties-rights” and “social-rights”. The interest of grouping them together within a single category, the name of which is meant to be neutral, is of allowing the decompartmentalization of rights and liberties; to lay down the oppositions traditionally retained. The study is guided by the idea of establishing the unity of a system while recognizing its internal complexity. In this context and from changes in positive law, it is possible to develop a systemic approach to rights and liberties, where their plurality of content is mixed with a categorial unity. It is therefore a quest for consistency of rights and liberties that the subject proposes. On the one hand, internal consistency through a search for characteristics common to all rights and liberties, in the spirit of establishing a general definition of the "parts" making up the category. On the other hand, an external coherence in order to draw the boundaries of the category, to distinguish it from other categories of rights but also to understand their legal effects, both at the contentious level and at the level of the organization of the legal system himself
Knetsch, Jonas. "Le droit de la responsabilité et les fonds d'indemnisation : analyse en droits français et allemand." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020048/document.
The increasing importance of compensation funds in French law and in other legal systems calls for a research study on this topic. The analysis of the scope and legal technique as well as the identification of the political aims behind those alternative compensation schemes reveals two categories: on the one hand, retrospective compensation schemes are introduced to manage the consequences of mass damages; on the other hand, the establishment of prospective funds remedies the gaps in tort law to facilitate the compensation of certain types of individual damages. In spite of similarities with Social security and private insurance, compensation funds form a unique compensation technique and can be held as the key element of social compensation, a concept which has been developed by German scholars and can explain the shifts between private and public compensation schemes as well as the diversity of fund regulations. However, a comparative approach of compensation under a fund regulation and a tort law action before the courts reveals a need for legislative adjustments in order to develop the full potential of alternative compensation schemes. A simplification of conflicts between different compensation funds and a better coordination with tort law actions have to be achieved to insure a coherent integration into the existing legal system
Patsianta, Kyriaki. "L'intérêt de l'enfant dans le cadre de la garantie de la vie familiale par la Cour EDH : Influence en droit grec." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10005/document.
The interests of the child is a well known concept in family law of Council of Europe Member States. Greek family law is not an exception to this rule: the interests of the child is one of its fundamental principles. However, this valuable concept of internal law, aiming at children's protection, has crossed the national borders and gained a European personality thanks to the ECHR case – law concerning family life. While ruling on these cases, Strasbourg Court underlines the significance of the notion and has elaborated its main guidelines without imposing identical evaluations.Despite the activity of the ECHR on this field, interest of child approach is a strictly national issue in Greece. The lack of contact between the Greek law and the ECHR case – law is more than obvious. The former nearly ignores the latter, while the relevant cases against Greece in this area remain few
Tran, Hélène. "Les obligations de vigilance des états parties à la CEDH : Essai sur la transposition en droit européen des droits de l'homme d'un concept de droit international général." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA4007.
By virtue of international general law, the vigilance obligation requires the sovereign power to use its authority with vigor in order to protect the third countries right against the harmful activies of individuals. Therefore, it is a priori unrelated to the logic of human rights, whom the traditional objective is instead to contain the enforcement powers of the states within a clearly defined sphere. However, an increasing number of obligations are underpinned by the « logic of vigilance », in that they require the use of sovereign prerogatives to prevent the violation of rights. This development reaches its most advanced stage in european law, in which one can identify two families of obligation of vigilance. The first can be summarized in a general duty to punish behavior detrimental to the rights, the second leads one to take the appropriate precautions to minimize the risks of violation of the Convention, when using state prerogatives dangerous for rights. The interest of the transposition is obvious : the logic of vigilance can ensure consistency to a significant number of developments in european human rights law, which do not appear to be in close relationship between them at first glance, but are in reality united by the common goal of preventing the violation of rights. Vigilance undoubtedly marks the transition to a new level of sophistication of protection by requiring states to develop an organization designed to best ensure respect for human rights
Al, Moukdad Nabil. "La garantie hypothécaire est-elle toujours efficace ? : étude comparative en droit français et droits de pays ararbes de Moyen-Orient : la Syrie, le Liban, la Jordanie et l'Égypte." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10002.
The efficacity of the mortgage guaranty is measured, indeed, by the effective capacity to ensure its holder the preferential payment of the credit guaranteed in the event of failure of the debtor. However, in French right, the legislator envisages several legal systems intented to treat the situation of the debtor in difficulty. Each one of these systems has its own legal objectives to reach and whose realization can involve more or less deplorable effects on the situation of the secured creditor and the efficacity of its safety. To the difference of the compared right, the implementation of these modes of treatment can lead, in French right, to even reduce notably the efficacity of the mortgage either by the threat brought to its existence, or by the disturbance affecting the normal operation of this safety
Mathieu, Chloé. "La séparation des pouvoirs dans la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD020/document.
The principle of separation of powers is a controversial notion of political philosophy. Despite its expected decline due to the development of the constitutional jurisprudence allowing the emergence of the Constitution-guarantee of rights, separation of powers is still a key concept. Indeed, now that the Declaration of 1789 and its article 16 have constitutional rank, the principle of separation of powers is a constitutional norm. Using it, the Constitutional Council has defined its meaning and scope following two very different ways. In the first place, between the political powers, the constitutional jurisprudence isbased on the “separatist dogma”, which most of the times leads to a strict separation. In the second place, between the political and the jurisdictional powers, the principle of separation of powers is applied in a very pragmatic way. It is to say that the Council chooses to apply a strict or flexible separation depending on the most favorable outcome for the guarantee of rights and its main guardian, the judge
Mohammad, Adel Al Sayed Ali. "La garantie du dommage à la personne en droit civil koweïtien et la responsabilité sans faute en droit civil français : étude comparative entre les droits civils koweïtien, français, musulman." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100175.
Houéyissan, Wilfried A. "Les obligations de livraison, de conformité et de garantie contre les vices cachés : étude du droit OHADA à la lumière des droits français, québécois et de la Common law canadienne." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4002.
Jobert, Sylvain. "La connaissance des actes du procès civil par les parties." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020070.
In civil law procedures, the parties’ knowledge of the acts of the trial is essential; it guarantees that certain principles, such as the adversarial principle, will be respected. However, a difficulty arises: it is hard to determine whether a party has in fact become aware of the act which was communicated to him. The question is to determine whether the law can accept such a difficulty. To this end, two divergent models can be provided. In the formalistic one, the choice is made to favor the knowledge of the acts of the trial beforehand, in order to be able to become disinterested in their actual knowledge afterwards, all the means having been implemented to carry this out. In the realistic one, the way in which the acts of the trial are brought to the parties' attention is neglected, but thereafter, there is a resurgent focus on the knowledge the parties have genuinely had. The study reveals that the law of civil trial was initially based on a predominantly formalistic model, but this model has evolved, especially during the last decade. Under the influence of contemporary concerns in order to rationalize justice costs and increase the protection of the parties' fundamental rights, the formalism of civil lawsuit has been tempered. Should it be even more moderate? This work neither pleads for the subversion of the classical model nor for its reinstatement. Instead, it is a nuanced evolution of the law which is suggested. It suggests to promote formalism when legal certainty requires it, without sacrificing the benefit of lightening the rules when it is necessary
Saa, Ngouana Ange Yannick. "Évolution du risque et droit des assurances : étude selon les droits français et CIMA." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010268.
The legal treatment of the evolution of the risk tends to alleviate the imbalance arisen from the influence of time on the insurance contract. Rules related to party’s relationship try in priority to address this issue by looking for the restoration of a balance in the insurance contract. This balance is restored automatically when the evolution reaches the base or the value of the risk. The premium and the allowance are directly adjusted in relation to the risk. When the evolution, upward or downward, affects the scale of the risk, that is the probability or intensity of its occurrence, the adaptation of the contract will be negotiated. It is from the attitude of the parties that depends the issue of the negotiations. The contract which cannot be adapted is destroyed in order to contain the misdeeds of the evolution of the risk. That is the reason why its cancellation sanctioned the bad faith of the insured on the occasion of the worsening of the risk. This is because the coverage of the aggravated risk without adaptation of the conditions of the warranty puts in danger the balance of the mutuality. On the other hand, the sunsetting appears to be the only solution to the contract in case of total disappearance of the risk. The insurer not assuming anymore its obligations, this results on the refund prorata temporis of the advanced premium.The breach of contract is not always offered to the parties. Variations proceeding of the legal uncertainty and specific risks in the insurance of persons do not lend parties to the questioning of their relationship. The unsuitability of the contract is therefore absolute. It becomes relative when, in the case of insurance of damages, the insurer loses, subsequently to the evolution of risk, his right to invoke its legal prerogatives, although the contract could have normally been adapted. Giving that contractual impossibility to control the consequences of the evolution of the risk, it is necessary to reach the balance of the insurance technique of mutualizing, both in the interest of insurer and that of mutuality. Insurance company Law allows the insurer to meet its commitments when the risk evolves. The provisioning of all risk variations and the respect of the solvency requirements ensure, in any circumstance, the availability of sufficient funds to ensure its commitments towards policyholders. For mutual insurance companies, the adjustment of premium constitutes, in addition, a major asset to balance, at the end of a year, the contributions of their members on the basis of the charge of disaster
Ripert, Jennifer. "Difficultés des entreprises et droits des salariés." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40004.
Confronting the difficulties of companies with the rights of workers entails discussing the co-existence and the articulation of subject areas whose purposes are different. When a firm encounters economic difficulties, conflicts of interest can become paroxystic. Thus it is the Law which will be resorted to so as to provide objective criteria acceptable by all stakeholders in order to shape solutions which will ensure the preservation of both the activity and jobs. Assessing workers’ rights at a time when a company encounters economic difficulties through the prism of the stakeholders’ theory regularly leads to dissatisfaction. It is essential to balance social justice with economic efficiency. Yet neither the law nor any contributions of the court really help to do so. Large segments of labour law and of bankruptcy law are incompatible. The lack of common standards between both subject matters makes finding compromise solutions impossible. Thus the conflict leads to a precarious and unsatisfactory equilibrium, whether it be in matters of prevention of difficulties for a firm, of their judiciary treatment or of the takeover of the company in difficulty. Workers’ rights are taken into account in a fashion which can be irregular, erratic and at times unjustified
Danton, Jeremie Maurice. "La protection des droits fondamentaux par les Autorités Administratives Indépendantes (AAI) en France, au Bénin et au Sénégal. : Recherches sur la fonction des droits fondamentaux dans la dynamique interne des sous-systèmes sociaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0144.
The lndependent Administrative Authorities (IAA) were initially seen as a shield to prevent what Professor Jacques Chevallier calls "maladministration". However, over time the fonction of these institutions has evolved. They have proliferated and spread throughout all legal systems and are therefore undergoing profound changes. The confrontation of this category of institutions with the development of systems for the protection of fondamental rights is the subject of this research. This thesis should thus highlight, on the one hand, that the legal fonction of fondamental rights (projected into the administrative space) reveals an incompleteness of the protection systems and, on the other hand, that this instrumentalization by the IAA's seems to respond to a more exhaustive approach of the social fonction of fundamental rights (understood as tools for the preservation of a necessary and imperative complexity and specialization within society)
Bambara, Serge. "La sécurité humaine, paradigme de garantie de la paix et de la sécurité internationales." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR012/document.
Human security is a concept that was officially drawn out in the UNDP’s 1994 report on human development. In this report the concept was introduced as an alternative to human development and then became institutionalised as a response to contemporary preoccupations related to security matters. Human security therefore relates to threats to individuals, which are not only different to those that jeopardise State security but relate to the physical security and well-being of individuals.International peace and security factors were subsequently revised from a conceptual perspective, shifting from a State security-based focus to a focus on the global security of individuals.In the dynamics of human security, the international order’s normative system is shifting, especially owing to the growing importance of human rights and international humanitarian law in the legal order. Similarly, ensuring human security will redefine the objectives and activities of collective security. In this respect, the United Nations plays a crucial role. The Organisation will develop new competences in terms of peacekeeping and will carry out new operations for the benefit of human security. This renewed effort will reinforce many international stakeholders who will develop competences and establish organisations to contribute significantly to the security and protection of individuals and larger to the international peace
Atani, Adèle Massama-Esso. "Transmission des droits et actions attachés à la chose." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT3004.
The principle of transfer of actions and rights « attached » to thing‘s analysis is usually irritating, partly because of the apprehension of its mechanism seems complex; secondly because its status as praetorian creation seems to affect mainly advance any hope of control. This is so because it is assumed that, like all "Principles created by judge", it is subjected to constant pressure from the facts and need justification of its relevance almost constantly. Therefore, at best, it will match with the fluctuating demands, thus preventing any attempt at systematization, at worst; it will disappear, giving way to some principles of the Civil Code, such as articles 1165 and 1166 of the Civil Code which it is supposed to circumvent. But it is noted that this creation continues. The Principe of transfer of actions and rights is criticized sometimes, it stumbles but it steals alive. Its continued strength is probably due to the simplicity (apparent perhaps) of the problem raises. At the intersection of property law, contract law and procedure, the principle of rights and actions “transferred” with the thing offers the image of a joint judicial and doctrinal work. Developed over two centuries, the work reveals, despite this relatively long period of maturation, shortcomings