Статті в журналах: "Galvanic waste treatment"

1

de Mello-Castanho, Sonia Regina Homem, Antônio Carlos da Silva, Wilson Acchar, and Ana M. Segadães. "Corrosion Behaviour of Vitrified Heavy Metals from Industrial Waste." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.178.

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The vitrification process is an attractive route for the inertization treatment of hazardous industrial wastes. The corrosion resistance of this kind of materials is one of the most important requirements to ensure the long term retention of the toxic metals. In this work, silicate glasses with various waste concentrations were obtained using a galvanic sludge from metallurgical activities and glass forming rejects from ceramic activities. Glasses with several galvanic waste concentrations were obtained. The corrosion behaviour of the vitrified materials under various pH media was evaluated. The FTIR technique was used to investigate the glass structural modifications. Glasses containing 40 wt.% galvanic waste additions show higher resistance to corrosion media than those without waste additions.

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2

Makisha, Nikolay, and Maria Yunchina. "Methods and solutions for galvanic waste water treatment." MATEC Web of Conferences 106 (2017): 07016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710607016.

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Shaikhiev, I. G., T. K. T. Nguyen, R. Z. Galimova, and V. O. Dryakhlov. "LEANING THE GALVANIC WASTE WATER OF THE COMPANY «THIEN MY» (VIETNAM) USING SAWDUST AND ION EXCHANGE." Construction economic and environmental management, no. 1 (2020): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2519-4453-2020-1-36-41.

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The technology for wastewater treatment of galvanic production was developed for «Thien Mi» LLC, Vinh Fuk, Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Initially, a characteristic of the existing method for the extraction of heavy metal ions from electroplating is given. It was revealed that the treatment of wastewater from galvanic plants with a suspension of calcium hydroxide leads to the formation of a large volume of galvanic sludge and an insufficient degree of purification from heavy metal ions. The possibility of sorption purification of the galvanic drains of the named enterprise using the sawdust of acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) as a sorption material was investigated. The adsorption isotherms of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ ions with native sawdust of acacia were constructed. Sorption material was processed with weakly concentrated solutions of sulfuric acid, which leads to an increase of more than 4 times in the sorption capacity of the mentioned ITMs. The post-treatment of galvanic solutions from heavy metal ions was carried out using the Lewatit Monoplus TP 207 ion-exchange resin. The toxicity of the initial galvanic drains was investigated after each cleaning step using standard test objects Paramecium caudatum and Daphia magna. As a result of the studies, sorption and ion-exchange methods are recommended for the treatment of wastewater of galvanic production of small volumes, which can significantly reduce the concentration of heavy metal ions in purified solutions.

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Bykovsky, N. A., E. A. Kantor, P. A. Rahman, L. N. Puchkova, and N. N. Fanakova. "Electrochemical treatment of waste water from nickel in galvanic production." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 350 (November 15, 2019): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/350/1/012029.

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Savin, Cristian, Carmen Nejneru, Manuela Cristina Perju, Costica Bejinariu, Diana Burduhos-Nergis, and Andrei Victor Sandu. "Galvanic Corrosion of Ductile Cast Iron Coupled with Different Alloys in Synthetic Domestic Waste Water." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.2.6945.

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Waste water is an aggressive environment for transport pumps to treatment plants. The pumps used are generally, immersion pumps and are made of various elements like, rotor, stator, housing, screws, flanges, springs, seals, etc. The construction elements of the pumps are made of various metallic materials, such as nodular cast iron, gray cast iron, low alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum, bronze, brass, copper, etc. When immersed in waste water, the metals form galvanic series. The paper presents the galvanic corrosion analysis of the above-mentioned metals in case the corrosive environment is waste water with various compositions.

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6

Khalchenko, Irina G., Nikolai P. Shapkin, and Anton L. Shkuratov. "Development of the technology of separated treatment of galvanic bath waste streams with subsequent heavy metals precipitation." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.013.

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Physical-chemical methods of separated decontamination of highly concentrated waste streams from galvanic (electroplating) baths containing nickel, copper, and zinc ions using modified forms of vermiculite have been suggested. At the first stage, decontamination is performed by the method of coagulation using a detergent solution (decontamination degree up to 99%). Thereafter, the produced low-concentration solutions underwent electrochemical treatment with addition of sodium chloride using ruthenium oxide coated titanium anode and cathode. The third stage of extra adsorption decontamination by vermiculite-based sorbents was introduced for nickel- and copper-containing galvanic waste streams. The highest degree of decontamination from nickel and copper was attained using the vermiculite treated by 12% hydrochloric acid and cellulose.

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Krstic, Ivan, Slavica Zec, Vesna Lazarevic, Miodrag Stanisavljevic, and Tatjana Golubovic. "Use of sintering to immobilize toxic metals present in galvanic sludge into a stabile glass-ceramic structure." Science of Sintering 50, no. 2 (2018): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1802139k.

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Galvanization process requires the use a large amount of water and produces wastewaters that are usually purified by conventional cost-effective procedure. This kind of treatment generates waste sludge which becomes a hazardous if is not properly stabilized. Hence, the aim of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of galvanic sludge through the inspection of its physicochemical parameters and consider stabilization of waste materials, including waste glass and aluminum slag by their conversion into an eco-designed material referred to as glass ceramics. The obtained products have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD analyses confirmed occurrence of chemical and phase transformations in treated galvanic sludge and binding of toxic metals (Al3+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+) into crystalline phases and very sTab. structure.

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Krivenko, Pavlо, Oleksandr Kovalchuk, and Anton Pasko. "Utilization of Industrial Waste Water Treatment Residues in Alkali Activated Cement and Concretes." Key Engineering Materials 761 (January 2018): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.761.35.

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The paper discloses an effective way of utilization of industrial waste water treatment residues. The wide use of industrial waste water in building materials is difficult due to the presence of heavy metal. However, alkali activated cements showed high ability of immobilization of heavy metals. The compressive strength of AAC systems with water treatment residues (galvanic process waste water) is up to 40 MPa in mortars and 45 MPa in concretes. The leaching behaviour of heavy metals from the cements matrix after soaking up to 28 days was also examined with AAS.

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9

Zalyhina, Volha S., and Victoria I. Cheprasova. "OBTAINING NICKEL-CONTAINING PIGMENTS FROM LIQUID WASTE GALVANIC PRODUCTION." JOURNAL OF THE BELARUSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY ECOLOGY 2 (2021): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/2521-683x/2021-2-84-92.

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Spent electrolytes from galvanic production are characterized by a high content of heavy metal ions, which significantly exceeds their content in natural ores. The paper shows the possibility of processing spent sulfate electrolytes from nickel plating of galvanic production to obtain pigments, which will stabilize the operation of treatment facilities, prevent the ingress of heavy metal ions into the environment, which have toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, reduce the volume of wastewater sludge formed, and also obtain a valuable commodity product that is currently being purchased abroad. The results of investigations of the coloristic characteristics of the obtained samples of pigments are presented, the effect of Fe (III) ions present in the spent electrolytes of nickel plating as a contaminant on the color characteristics and purity of the color of the obtained samples is investigated. The dependence of the color of the obtained samples on the content of Fe (III) ions in the spent electrolytes was established, which made it possible to establish the range of coloristic characteristics of pigments obtained from spent sulfate nickel-plating electrolytes (green, yellow, brown and black colors). The results of the research carried out will reduce the impact of galvanic production on the environment.

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10

Oreščanin, Višnja, Ivanka Lovrenčić Mikelić, Robert Kollar, Nenad Mikulić, and Gordana Medunić. "Inertisation of galvanic sludge with calcium oxide, activated carbon, and phosphoric acid." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 63, no. 3 (September 25, 2012): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2171.

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In this study we compared three methods for the treatment of electroplating sludge highly loaded with zinc and iron: (1) calcium oxide-based solidifi cation/stabilisation; (2) conversion into inert material by adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants onto activated carbon; and (3) conversion of mobile waste components into insoluble phosphates. All three methods proved highly effi cient in the conversion of hazardous waste into inert material. Under optimum treatment conditions zinc concentration in the leachate of solidifi ed waste was reduced by 99.7 % compared to untreated sludge. Zinc retention effi ciency in the waste treated with activated carbon and phosphoric acid was 99.9 % and 98.7 %, respectively. The advantages of electroplating sludge treatment with activated carbon over the other two methods are high sorption capacity, insignifi cant pH and volume changes of the sludge, and simple use.

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de Oliveira, Cícero Lucas Martins, Francisco José de Paula Filho, João Victor Barbosa Moura, Daniel Muller G. Freitas, and Marcelo Oliveira Santiago. "Characterization of Galvanic Sludges Waste Derived of the Metal Plating Industry from Cariri Region, Northeastern of Brazil." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.541.

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In this study, galvanic sludge waste (GSW) was characterized in order to identify its chemical and structural properties, allowing indicate reuse, treatment and final disposal methods, and evaluate the environmental hazards. The characterization of the galvanic sludge sample originating from a surface treatment plant from galvanic industries of semi-jewels in the Cariri region, NE of Brazil was performed. The chemical characterization of the samples by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) showed that Zn and Cu are the predominant elements. However, elements like Ni, Cd, Mn, Fe, Cr and Co are present as a minority or as trace constituents. The concentrations of residues were higher, except Ni, in the LM industry (27 g Zn.kg -1, 194 g Cu.kg -1, 8 g Fe.kg-1, 538 mg Cd.kg -1, 227 mg Ni.kg -1, 73.5 mg Cr.kg1, 14 mg Co.kg-1) in relation to LJ (11 g Zn.kg-1, 3 g Fe.kg-1, 102 g Cu.kg-1, 2 g Cd.kg-1, 141 mg Ni.kg-1, 11 mg Co.kg-1), denoting that there is no uniform standard in the treatment process of the effluent from baths for Metal deposition. According to the standard procedure (Brazilian norm NBR10004/04) the elements Cd and Cr are the main constituents responsible for the classification of the residues as hazardous. The X-ray diffractogram of the dried galvanic sludge only revealed the presence of BaSO4 and CuO as crystalline phases, a result which agrees with the results from FT-IR. The results point to an attractive way of valorizing GSW avoiding the negative impact associated with its disposal in landfills.

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12

Gasmi, Intissar, Naoufel Haddour, Oualid Hamdaoui, Kaouther Kerboua, Abdulaziz Alghyamah, and François Buret. "A Novel Energy-from-Waste Approach for Electrical Energy Production by Galvano–Fenton Process." Molecules 26, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 4013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134013.

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A novel approach allowing the production of electrical energy by an advanced oxidation process is proposed to eliminate organic micropollutants (MPs) in wastewaters. This approach is based on associating the Galvano–Fenton process to the generation of electrical power. In the previous studies describing the Galvano–Fenton (GF) process, iron was directly coupled to a metal of more positive potential to ensure degradation of organic pollutants without any possibility of producing electrical energy. In this new approach, the Galvano–Fenton process is constructed as an electrochemical cell with an external circuit allowing recovering electrons exchanged during the process. In this study, Malachite Green (MG) dye was used as a model of organic pollutant. Simultaneous MG degradation and electrical energy production with the GF method were investigated in batch process. The investigation of various design parameters emphasis that utilization of copper as a low-cost cathode material in the galvanic couple, provides the best treatment and electrical production performances. Moreover, these performances are improved by increasing the surface area of the cathode. The present work reveals that the GF process has a potential to provide an electrical power density of about 200 W m−2. These interesting performances indicate that this novel Energy-from-Waste strategy of the GF process could serve as an ecological solution for wastewater treatment.

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13

Tretiakova, Larisa, Liudmyla Mitiuk, Igor Panasiuk, and Elina Rebuel. "Method for predicting the dissemination of hazardous substances in the soil during long-term storage of galvanic waste." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2022.002231.

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The problem of production waste storage in open areas of an enterprise with a galvanic shop for the production of chips and microchips has been investigated. The composition of the sludge obtained after sewage treatment of the production of the copper line was investigated. The aim of the article is to develop a mathematical model for predicting the distribution of compounds with heavy metals in the soil during long-term storage of galvanic sludge in open areas. Modeling the process of movement of salts from the earth's surface into the lower layers of the aeration zone occurs according to the laws of molecular diffusion. The method is developed on the basis of a mathematical model that makes it possible to estimate the spread over the depth of the ground and level of soil salinity over time using initial information about soil structure and its characteristics (molecular diffusion coefficient, volume humidity), annual volumes and conditions of sludge storage in the enterprise. Restrictions are set: the presence of harmful substances on the soil surface with a concentration that exceeds the permissible level; inadmissibility of harmful substances to aquifers. The practical use of the method made it possible to identify the main dangers during long-term storage of galvanic waste in open areas. The dynamics of soil salinity levels and the depth of penetration of heavy metals increase over twenty years of conservation has been determined, as well as the possibility of hazardous compounds entering groundwater has been assessed. Polyvinyl chloride packaging has a maximum life span of 15 years. Waste should not be stored in packages and in closed areas for more than 10 years. According to the prediction results, it can be stated that storage in landfills of galvanic waste for more than 15 years leads to significant salinization of the soil and creates conditions for an emergency situation, which is caused by harmful substances entering the water horizons. Recommendations for improving storage conditions are given and the need for recycling of industrial waste is substantiated

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14

Lilko, Ján, Martin Kotus, Martin Baráth, and Róbert Drlička. "Corrosion Evaluation of Body in White Bimetallic Joints." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 25, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0028.

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Abstract This scientific article deals with cyclic corrosion testing of bimetallic joints in order to describe the influence of different surface treatment as a protection against galvanic corrosion on bimetallic materials. Multi-material body parts joined with advanced manufacturing technologies are used to achieve the required car properties. Metallic materials have different values of electronegativity and joining increases the risk of corrosion. Different types of coatings are used to prevent galvanic corrosion, but each increases investments and costs. Galvanic corrosion affects the lifecycle of the car. Cyclic corrosion testing provides replicable results to estimate the range of corrosion in a real environment. Test specimens from different materials were riveted and treated with various surface treatments. The method and design of samples preparation is unique and reflects the reality more than current methods. It has not yet been published in any literature. The corrosion test was performed for 6 weeks. Samples were subjected to a salt mist with temperatures of 25 °C and 50 °C, wetting and drying phases. The samples were evaluated according to the standard EN ISO 4628-1:2016. Microscopic and energy-dispersive analysis were performed. Tests have shown considerable galvanic corrosion on uncoated samples. On the samples with ecoated surface galvanic corrosion was not recorded.

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Nikolaeva, L. A., and A. A. Adzhigitova. "Purification of Industrial Waste Water from Copper Ions Using Ash Waste." Voprosy sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet imeni V.I. Vernadskogo, no. 1(79) (2021): 060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/voprosy.2021.01.pp.060-068.

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The necessity of studying organic waste as a secondary energy resource for a waste-heat boiler with further use of the resulting ash for the adsorption of heavy metal ions is shown. The adsorptive purification of waste water from copper ions by ash of organic waste is considered. The chemical composition and technological characteristics of organic biomass, the characteristics of the boiler and the toxicity of the resulting ash have been determined. The chemical composition of the ash was obtained. The isotherm of adsorption in static conditions and the output curve of adsorption in dynamic conditions of copper cations by ash of organic waste were constructed. The process of wastewater treatment of galvanic production is presented. It is concluded that the use of the adsorption method allows for a high degree of wastewater purification and its possible reuse for the technological needs of the enterprise.

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Tatarintseva, E. A., and L. N. Olshanskaya. "Obtaining effective oil sorbents based on chemical industry waste for water treatment." Industrial processes and technologies 1, no. 1 (2021): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-1-6-16.

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It was proposed new technologies for producing effective oil sorbents based on chemical industry waste. It was shown the possibility of using PET waste as a binder in the produc- tion of oil sorbents with specific properties (hydrophobicity, oleophilicity, magnetic proper- ties) using thermally expanded and oxidized graphite (TEG and OG) and ferritized iron- containing galvanic sludge (FGS). The presence of iron ions in the galvanic sludge allows one to obtain magnetite and ferrites during ferritization, which leads to the appearance of magnetic properties in FGS, established using a vibration magnetometer, the saturation induction was ~ 0.02 T. Electroplating sludge was carried out at t ≈ 1000 oC and τ = 1.5 hr with preliminary mechanical activation. The physicomechanical, chemical, and sorption properties of the obtained oil sorbents (bulk density, abrasion, grindability, particle size distribution, oil capacity, moisture capacity, wettability, buoyancy, specific surface area, chemical composition, adsorption capacity of materials under static and dynamic conditions) are studied. It was found that sorption ma- terials have 100% buoyancy, are highly active in cleaning water surface from films of oil products with different thicknesses (1–5 mm). It was shown that sorption capacity increases with increasing film thickness and reaches a maximum value at a thickness of 3 mm. The cleaning efficiency is 99.0%. It has been established that the sorption capacity of the sorption material (SM) depends on the nature of oil products, its viscosity, solubility and initial concentration in water. It is proved that the processes of sorption of oil products proceed by the physical mechanism, which can be represented as the oleophilic interaction of particles of the Sorption material and oil products, which is confirmed by the type of sorption isotherms, which are type II and IV according to the BDT theory and type L according to the Hills classification char- acteristic of polymolecular adsorption. The obtained adsorption isotherms were processed in the framework of the Langmuir and Dubinin – Radushkevich models, and the constants of the adsorption equations were calculated.

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Villamarin-Barriga, Estefanía, Jéssica Canacuán, Pablo Londoño-Larrea, Hugo Solís, Andrés De La Rosa, Juan F. Saldarriaga, and Carolina Montero. "Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Crude Oil over Iron-Based Catalyst Obtained from Galvanic Industry Wastes." Catalysts 10, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10070736.

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Sewage sludge from the galvanic industry represents a problem to the environment, due to its high metal content that makes it a hazardous waste and must be treated or disposed of properly. This study aimed to evaluate the sludge from three galvanic industries and determine its possible use as catalysts for the synthesis of materials. Catalyst was obtained from a thermal process based on dried between 100–120 °C and calcination of sludges between 400 to 700 °C. The physical–chemical properties of the catalyst were analyzed by several techniques as physisorption of N2 and chemisorption of CO of the material. Catalytic activity was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis of a thermo-catalytic decomposition of crude oil. The best conditions for catalyst synthesis were calcination between 400 and 500 °C, the temperature of reduction between 750 and 850 °C for 15 min. The catalytic material had mainly Fe as active phase and the specific surface between 17.68–96.15 m2·g−1, the catalysts promote around 6% more weight-loss of crude oil in the thermal decomposition compared with assays without the catalyst. The results show that the residual sludge of galvanic industries after thermal treatment can be used as catalytic materials due to the easiness of synthesis procedures required, the low E-factor obtained and the recycling of industrial waste promoted.

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ROSSINI, G., and A. BERNARDES. "Galvanic sludge metals recovery by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical treatment." Journal of Hazardous Materials 131, no. 1-3 (April 17, 2006): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.09.035.

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Tretiakova, L., and L. Mitiuk. "ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY EVALUATION FROM GALVANIC SLUDGE DURING LONG-TERM STORAGE." Joupnal of New Technologies in Environmental Science 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30540/jntes-2020-3.1.

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The article analyses the ecological state of the soil in an enterprise with a galvanic shop that produces chips and microcircuits. The problem of production waste storage in open areas is investigated. Environmental hazards during long-term storage of sludge have been identified. The composition of the sludge obtained after sewage treatment of the production of the copper line was investigated. A method for predicting the level and depth of soil salinity during long-term sludge storage is proposed. The experience of reuse of copper extracted from sludge is analysed.

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Mărcuș, Maria Iuliana, Maria Vlad, and A. Mihaela Mîţiu. "Influence of Different Galvanic Sludge Types on the Extraction Efficiency of Chromium Ions." Advanced Materials Research 1143 (February 2017): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1143.108.

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Galvanic sludge resulting from wastewater treatment is a hazardous waste that can be removed by disposal only after neutralization process. A chemically complex sludge is a mixture of hydroxides of the many heavy metals such us: copper, iron, nickel, chromium, cadmium and zinc. There is worldwide, a concern to develop methods and techniques for extraction and recovery of the metal compounds from sludge out of treatment processes of wastewater from metal plating works (washing wastewater and technological solutions) in order to reinsert them into existing industrial flows or to capitalize them in other industries, leading to a significant reduction of environmental pollution.This paper presents the results of the scientific activity in the laboratory with a view to recover Cr (VI, III) from two types of galvanic sludge: a fresh sludge from wastewaters treatment by Lancy technique and an old sludge, stabilized by disposal for many years. Chromium extraction was performed by alkaline sludge oxidation to obtain salts of chromium. The extraction efficiency was 84.20 % from fresh sludge (in one stage) and 93.19% from old sludge (in two stages).

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Halloran, A. R., T. E. Higgins, and G. Mikéta. "Multimedia waste auditing in Hungary: a waste minimization feasibility study for a metal plating facility." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0242.

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Multimedia waste audits of three industries that generate significant quantities of waste and are vital to the future economic life of Hungary were performed by CH2M HILL; VRF (The Institute for Environment and Safety in the Chemical and Explosives Industry); and Post, Buckley, Schuh, and Jernigan (PBS&J). The industries were tanning, chemical production, and metal plating (galvanic). The seven plants selected for the audits were given detailed questionnaires concerning their manufacturing processes, waste production, energy consumption, and waste treatment and disposal practices. The plants were then visited, and the staff were interviewed. The results of the audits were general waste minimization strategies for the seven plants and detailed waste minimization feasibility plans for two of the plants. The plans included cost estimates for the waste minimization recommendations. The results of the audits were used by the Hungarian Ministry of Industry and Trade to provide potential foreign investors with information on how best to invest in these companies to modernize them and reduce their environmental risks and costs.

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Orlova, S. A., O. O. Tuzhikov, T. V. Khokhlova, and O. I. Tuzhikov. "STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITY OF EXTRACTION OF CHROMIUM IONS BY COMPOSITE SORBENTS." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 5(240) (May 19, 2020): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2020-5-240-34-38.

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As a result of oxidative dehydropolycondensation of aniline on the surface of polymer materials, effective composite sorbents were obtained that can absorb bichromate ions from solutions. The optimal content of polyaniline was determined, which allows achieving the specific sorption capacity of composite structures of 1.49 mg-EQ/g and the degree of extraction of highly toxic chromium of 99.74 %. The developed composite sorbents have high kinetic parameters and can successfully solve the problems of treatment of waste water solutions of galvanic production.

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23

Nikolaeva, L. A., and A. A. Adzhigitova. "Copper Deionization of Industrial Wastewater by Ash of Consumption Residual." Ecology and Industry of Russia 26, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2022-2-4-8.

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The possible use of organic consumption residual as a secondary energy resource by a process recovery boiler and further application of generated ash for heavy-metal deionization of wastewater at industrial enterprises was demonstrated. Elemental constituents and technological characteristics of organic biomass, boiler parameters and generated ash toxicity were determined. The adsorption isotherm of copper cations under static conditions and F absorption diagram under dynamic conditions of standardized test solutions by organic waste of consumption residual were simulated. The treatment flowchart of galvanic wastewater was presented. The post-treatment adsorber for heavy-metal deionization of wastewater was proposed.

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Anikin, Y. V., and V. I. Shilkov. "MODERN MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT." Russian Journal of Construction Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (2018): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/rjcst.2018.2.004.

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The article substantiates the necessity of using modern materials and technologies for purifying industrial wastewater, because the problem of processing waste products of galvanic production of machine-building enterprises is very important. The current situation in this area leads to environmental pollution by hazardous substances (CN–, Cr6+, F–, Cd2+), irrational use of raw materials and significant economic losses. Investigation of ways out of it is an urgent task. The results of a study of water supply and wastewater treatment problems are analyzed, i.e. the authors analyze the processing of technological solutions and wastewater, emphasizing the possibility of extracting valuable components and returning purified water to production. The authors propose to use hydrogen peroxide and hydrazine as a reagent for the extraction of metals at low salinity process water. An integrated approach to the analysis of the use of reagents, materials and technologies of wastewater treatment of industrial enterprises is proposed.

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Chernyshova, Liudmyla, and Sergii Movchan. "Biological testing as an important stage of preparation of the building materials for the further use." Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, no. 38 (March 31, 2022): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2022.38.66-74.

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The level of environmental safety is determined by the methods and techniques used to implement them. One of the promising areas for determining the assessment of dehydrated waste used in the construction industry is biological testing, which include the use of environmentally hazardous substances, in the form of an extract, to determine the danger degree of the samples and their further use in different areas of construction. Ensuring environmental safety in general is an important component in any industry. Solving issues of industrial safety, the use of hazardous tests in technology reveals the leading idea, which is considered in the scope of presenting the research results on the preparation and use of dehydrated waste from industrial enterprises. It is experimentally established that liquid dehydrated wastes of galvanic production are used in the manufacture of the building materials of different complexity and subsequent use. The obtained data for construction products input and heat-treated sludge (g / dm3), masonry mortars (%) and reinforced concrete with the addition of sludge (%) is only the first stage in the construction industry. The next stage is the manufacture of more responsible products ceramic tiles with the addition of sludge (%) and asphalt with the addition of sludge (%), which requires more responsible testing i.e. under critical operating conditions. The results of biological testing are aimed at determining the following parameters at: Dunaliella-degree of immobilization for 5 days. (%); Elodéa canadénsis - the degree of inhibition of growth in length (% to control) at exposure (d.) and Daphnia - survival at 48 days of exposure (%). To determine the level of environmental safety of building materials obtained from dehydrated waste of galvanic production, it is possible to accurately provide an assessment of their biological condition. The issues of ecological safety, safety of the natural environment, which is an important condition for the water complex of the country, using water and water resources in the technological processes of the water treatment and use systems are considered.

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Khudoyarova, Olga, Anatoliy Ranskiy, and Olga Gordienko. "TECHNOLOGY OF COMPLEX SORPTION TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER FROM SULPHIDE AND COPPER(II)–IONES." WATER AND WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL NEWS 30, no. 2 (October 4, 2021): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2218-930022021237814.

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Complex processing of industrial waste of individual industries, including wastewater treatment, containing sulfur anions and cations of heavy metals, in order to obtain both purified water and finished industrial products is an urgent task for today. The possibility of efficient use of regenerated mixed sorbent (AC+K), containing activated carbon (AC) and diatomaceous earth (K), for wastewater treatment of certain technological processes of chemical (petrochemical) industry and galvanic industries has been shown. The sorbent with the removed contaminants was offered to be utilized as a part of plastic lubricants of special purpose. The technological process of complex sorption treatment of industrial wastewater from sulfide and copper (II) ions includes the following main stages: sorbent regeneration; purification of sulfide-alkaline solutions; purification of washing waters of galvanic productions; obtaining plastic oils. The basic technological scheme of the site of regeneration of the spent mixed sorbent (AC+K) and purification of water-sugar solutions from organic impurities was developed. The material balance of regeneration of the spent mixed sorbent was calculated. The basic technological scheme of the site of combined treatment of industrial wastewater from sulfide and copper (II) ions, regeneration of spent industrial oils with regenerated sorbent (AC+K) and production of plastic oils has been developed. It was shown that the technology of complex sorption wastewater treatment is based on the most common technological processes - heating, cooling, adsorption and filtration and does not require complex schemes of automatic process control, and chemical equipment is typical for chemical enterprises in Ukraine. The economic effect of production of special purpose plastic oils was calculated.

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Zoria, Olena, Оleksiy Ternovtsev, and Dmytro Zoria. "Purification of concentrated waste water of pcb production from copper ions." Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, no. 35 (May 31, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2021.35.11-20.

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In modern conditions, it is important to create a comprehensive technology for processing wastewater containing copper compounds, with the disposal of precious metals, the organization of circulating water supply of the enterprise and obtaining safe for disposal sludge. Methods of sewage treatment of galvanic productions are considered. The results of experimental studies of the process of copper extraction from water by cementation on iron powder particles under static conditions are presented. The technological scheme of the reactor-cementator is given. The influence of various factors on the process of copper cementation – pH, concentration and ratio of iron and copper in the reaction mixture, contact time were studied. The time at which the greatest rate of change of residual copper concentration is observed is determined. The influence of the pH value of the cementation process was also determined. As a result of the obtained data, it is concluded that the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution affects the course of the contact exchange reaction. The higher the acidity of the solution, the higher the recovery rate of copper. Promising directions for the creation of closed water circulation systems in the process of copper wastewater treatment are outlined.

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Yemchura, Bogdan, Gennadii Kochetov, Dmitry Samchenko, and Oleksandr Kovalchuk. "Influence of aeration rate and method of process activation on the degree of purification of zinc-containing waste water by ferritization." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 10 (114) (December 29, 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.248166.

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The aeration rate for the degree of purification of highly concentrated galvanic wastewater from zinc and ferrum ions was investigated using various activation methods. It is shown that the intensity of aeration has a significant effect on the quality of wastewater treatment and the characteristics of water treatment sludge. The efficiency of the use of an energy-saving method for activating the ferritization process with the use of electromagnetic pulses for the extraction of zinc ions from wastewater has been confirmed. It was determined that with an increase in the aeration rate to 3.5 dm3/min per 1 dm3 of the reaction mixture and the use of thermal activation of the process, the residual concentration of zinc ions remains within the range of 0.12÷0.2 mg/dm3. In this case, the concentration of ferrum ions decreases to values of 0.08÷0.14 mg/dm3. It was found that at an aeration rate of 2.5 dm3/min and the use of pulsed electromagnetic (EMP) activation, the residual concentrations of heavy metal ions decrease to values of 0.08÷0.16 mg/dm3. Comparison of the results indicates the advisability of using low rates of aeration of the reaction mixture. This, together with the use of resource-saving EMR process activation, allows to achieve a significant reduction in energy costs. The quantitative phase composition of ferritization precipitates was determined, in which the crystalline phases of zinc ferrite Zn2Fe2O4 and magnetite Fe3O4, as well as ferrum oxyhydroxide FeO (OH) and sodium sulfate Na2SO4, prevail. It is found that with an increase in the volumetric aeration rate, the proportion of the ferrite phase increases. At an aeration rate of 2.0 dm3/min, more than 85 % of the zinc ferrite phase was found in the sediments. Taking into account the qualitative and quantitative composition of precipitates, it is recommended to use them in the production of building materials. The experimental results obtained make it possible to provide a comprehensive processing of liquid galvanic waste.

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Chuikov, A. S., E. V. Sorokina, A. N. Volkov, U. V. Vedmetsky, and D. V. Shabanov. "Technology of primary water purification." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012091.

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Abstract The polluted wastewater treatment is one of the main issues in agro-industrial complex. This article is devoted to the primary water purification research for its further treatment with ferrate technology. The technology implies the wastewater treatment from household and industrial waste resulting from agricultural enterprises. The ferrate technology provides a high efficiency of pretreated water purification, in comparison with other existing methods. The article substantiates such an advantage accordingly. The waste generated as a result of wastewater treatment is non-toxic and disposal. The article proposes a new method of preliminary water purification based on its treatment between a galvanic couple in the presence of the calcium hydroxide. This method can be used at water treatment plants and at enterprises carrying out industrial activities in agriculture. The method is applicable only after mechanical filtration at the stage of primary water treatment. The proposed method provides water treatment from a wide range of various origins contaminants. The article also describes an experimental equipment specially designed for the proposed method’s implementation and further research. The equipment provides continuous water treatment consuming electricity, quicklime and compressed air. To maintain the lime particles in suspension condition the airflow is supplied through an aerator. The article applies the turbidimetric analysis method to conduct an in-depth analysis of the water treatment processes and determine the relative reagent concentration in the working area. The article also proves the absence of interface formation between water and milk of lime when subjected to air flow.

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Varentsov, Valery, Valentina Kuzina, and Alexander Koshev. "Mathematical Modelling of Processes in Apparatus with Flowing Three-Dimensional Electrodes for Calculation of Galvanic Waste Water Purification Modes." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022092.

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Abstract The ecology of the urban environment significantly depends on the intensity and toxicity of industrial and other wastewater discharges, both within the city limits and in the areas adjacent to the city. This paper discusses advanced technologies for wastewater treatment from heavy and non-ferrous metal ions in industrial and small enterprises of urban agglomerations. An analysis of the efficiency of using flow-through three-dimensional electrodes for wastewater treatment from harmful reagents is presented. The use of mathematical modeling allows calculating and predicting the results of the technological process, as well as optimizing the process by calculating the effective values of the control parameters, in particular, calculating the modes of treatment of galvanic wastewater from heavy and non-ferrous metals in devices with three-dimensional flow electrodes. The given mathematical models of electrochemical processes in three-dimensional flow electrodes in relation to the extraction of metals from solutions of galvanochemical production allow us to conduct computational experiments. For this purpose, a set of programs has been developed that allows calculating the parameters of the electrochemical process of metal deposition from electrolyte solutions on three-dimensional flow electrodes. The input data for the calculation are the parameters of the deposited component (ion valence, diffusion coefficient), the ion concentration of the deposited component in the solution, the flow rate of the solution, the mass transfer coefficient, the electrical conductivity of the solid and liquid phases of the electrode – solution system, the overall current density, the electrode parameters (porosity, fiber radius, electrode thickness), the electrolysis time. The results of the calculation are: the concentration of metal ions (calculation can be carried out for one or two metal ions contained in the solution), the distribution through the thickness (volume) of the electrode, its conductivity, the mass of metals, the speed of flow of the electrolyte, the coefficients of mass transfer of metal ions, the mass transfer coefficient for oxygen, the potential profiles of the current metals, profile of the current oxygen profile of the current hydrogen, given the profile of the current metals. The solution of a scientific problem of practical importance for improving the ecological state of the urban environment is presented.

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31

Kijjanapanich, Pimluck, Pairoje Kijjanapanich, Ajit P. Annachhatre, Giovanni Esposito, and Piet N. L. Lens. "Spontaneous electrochemical treatment for sulfur recovery by a sulfide oxidation/vanadium(V) reduction galvanic cell." Journal of Environmental Management 149 (February 2015): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.024.

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32

Ciesielczyk, Filip, Przemysław Bartczak, Łukasz Klapiszewski, and Teofil Jesionowski. "Treatment of model and galvanic waste solutions of copper(II) ions using a lignin/inorganic oxide hybrid as an effective sorbent." Journal of Hazardous Materials 328 (April 2017): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.01.009.

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33

Kalaeva, C. Z., B. M. Makarov, N. L. Markelova, and R. E. Kalaev. "Metallurgical Dust as an Adsorbent of Heavy Metal Ions from Washing Wastewater of Electroplating Industries." Ecology and Industry of Russia 26, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2022-9-10-13.

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The problems of wastewater treatment of electroplating industries from heavy metal ions are considered . The prospects and relevance of the sorption method of purification are shown. The results of a study on the use of dust from metallurgical industries for the extraction of hexavalent chromium, zinc, copper, nickel, and cadmium ions from the washing water of galvanic productions are presented. The possibility of intensifying the deposition of suspension particles in a settling tank, the polymer bottom of which is equipped with electromagnets, is shown. The parameters of processing the extracted sediments into anticorrosive pigments have been determined. An experimental batch of MA-25 paint was prepared on the basis of pigment from sorption purification waste. The properties of the resulting coating were investigated and it was found that it complies with all the standards imposed on this brand of paint except for color.

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Zueva, Svetlana B., Francesco Ferella, Valentina Innocenzi, Ida De Michelis, Valentina Corradini, Nicolò M. Ippolito, and Francesco Vegliò. "Recovery of Zinc from Treatment of Spent Acid Solutions from the Pickling Stage of Galvanizing Plants." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010407.

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Typical methods for the treatment of waste pickling solutions include precipitation by alkaline reagents, most commonly calcium hydroxide. As a result, large volumes of galvanic sludge form, containing iron, calcium, sulphates, and a relatively small quantity of zinc (<20%), making Zn recovery not profitable. In summary, state-of-the-art Zn galvanization processes entail the loss of valuable metals and the irrational and expensive handling of spent pickling solutions (SPSs). The resulting conclusion is that there is room for a significant improvement in the way SPSs are treated, with the double goal of enhancing Zn galvanization methods’ economic viability and achieving a lesser impact on the environment’s processes. The experimental results show that it is possible to use SPS as a coagulant to treat the process wastewaters, kept separated, and added with sodium hydroxide. The results in obtaining precipitates with Zn contents higher than 40%, increasing the added advantage of making Zn recovery profitable. The results show the possibility of using SPS as a coagulant in the process of physical-chemical wastewater treatment and sodium hydroxide to obtain a precipitate with a zinc content of more than 40%.

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35

Milanez, K. W., N. C. Kuhnen, Humberto Gracher Riella, and C. T. Kniess. "Obtaining of the Ceramics Pigments (Fe, Zn)Cr₂O₄ Using Waste of Electroplating as Raw Material." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.654.

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The solid material from electroplating wastewater treatment was used as raw material in synthesis of ceramic pigments, once the formation of ZnCr2O4 and FeCr2O4 crystalline phases can be considered as a process of heavy metals inertization, such as chromium, zinc and iron. To reach the purpose of this paper, the techniques of elementary chemical analysis (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and X-Ray Fluorescence, thermal analysis (DTA/TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction were applied in samples of waste with the aim of physical and chemical characterization. After the characterization of residue were incorporate metallic oxides for correction of composition and obtaining of inorganic pigment. Pigment formation was followed through X-ray diffraction, where the formation of spinel phases containing the metals Fe, Cr and Zn were observed. The pigment was characterized through scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. The 8 hours cycle calcinated pigments formed crystalline spinel phases, where we can say that the present metals in the sludge became inert. It was possible to incorporate up to 20% of the galvanic waste in the production of Fe, Cr and Zn based inorganic pigments.

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Obuzdina, Marina, and Elena Rush. "New sorption materials based on modification of natural zeolites in metal wastewater treatment processes." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914008001.

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This study considers the problem of wastewater treatment from heavy metal ions and possible ways to solve it, for example, by modifications of natural zeolites from the deposits of Transbaikalia region. We offer a method of modifying the structure of natural zeolite with a sulfur-containing polymer derived from epichlorohydrin waste, the main component of the 1.2,3trichloropropane. The sulfur-containing polymer mesh is formed by the use of the dissolution of sulfur at room temperature in the system of mono-ethanolamine-hydrazine hydrate and condensation with 1.2,3-trichlorpropane. The result of applying a sulfur-containing polymer mesh lies not only in the hydrophobization of the zeolite surface, but also in the appearance of sulfur atoms in its composition, which contributes to an increase in the selectivity with respect to heavy metal ions. We demonstrate the possibility of using new sorption materials in deep wastewater treatment processes of galvanic production. As a load for the adsorbent filter, we propose to use a three-layer filtering material with a load of natural zeolite of various modifications. It has been proven that such chemical modification of zeolite allows to obtain sorbents with an increased surface area and transitional pores that have a high sorption activity in relation to heavy metal ions.

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Innocenzi, Valentina, Federica Cantarini, Alessia Amato, Barbara Morico, Nicolò Maria Ippolito, Francesca Beolchini, Marina Prisciandaro, and Francesco Vegliò. "Case study on technical feasibility of galvanic wastewater treatment plant based on life cycle assessment and costing approach." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8, no. 6 (December 2020): 104535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104535.

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Peng, Shuai, Shihai Deng, Desheng Li, Binghan Xie, Xue Yang, Cai Lai, Shaobin Sun, and Hong Yao. "Iron-carbon galvanic cells strengthened anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process (Fe/C-A2O) for high-nitrogen/phosphorus and low-carbon sewage treatment." Science of The Total Environment 722 (June 2020): 137657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137657.

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39

Snitko, Anastasia, Gennadii Kochetov, Dmitry Samchenko, Oles Lastivka, Vyacheslav Meget, and Dmytro Derecha. "Disposal of used nanosorbents obtained during wastewater purification from Ni2+ ions in powder paint materials." Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, no. 41 (December 9, 2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2022.41.76-83.

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The prospects of increasing the level of environmental safety of industrial enterprises as a result of the implementation of the latest sorption technologies for wastewater treatment are considered. An analysis of the effectiveness of the existing methods of sorption water purification, which contain compounds of heavy metals, was carried out. Highly effective magnetic sorbents were obtained by electroerosion dispersion, which contains polyvalent iron oxides. The effect of the method of introducing the sorbent into wastewater on the degree of its purification was investigated. The most effective results in water purification were achieved with the use of freshly obtained powder of electroerosion dispersion of iron in water in the form of a suspension, which allows to achieve a high degree of water purification from zinc ions - more than 99%. Such water meets the standards for washing parts in galvanic production with regard to the content of nickel ions. The expediency of recycling spent nano-sorbents in the composition of powder paint and varnish materials is shown. When a coating chemically stable in water treatment waste, which has ferromagnetic properties, is included in the composition, in quantity15% by weight high corrosion resistance of the coating is ensured and shielding of electromagnetic radiation increases approximately 3 times compared to the standard sample. The use of research results at enterprises will prevent environmental pollution with toxic substances, change outdated production technologies, ensure efficient and rational use of water, raw materials and energy in the industrial production system.

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40

Frolov, Ivan N., Sergey L. Zabudkov, Andrey V. Yakovlev, and Marina I. Lopukhova. "SELECTION OF MODE OF ANODIC TREATMENT OF GRAPHITE IN A SPENT NITRIC ACID ETCHING SOLUTION FOR PRODUCING THERMALLY EXPANDING GRAPHITE COMPOUNDS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 6 (July 8, 2019): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196206.5873.

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The possibility of using galvanic waste for the synthesis of graphite thermo expanded compounds has been shown. An electrolyte on the basis of a spent nitrate solution of etching copper parts containing cations of various metals in its composition was taken as an example, thereby solving an environmental issue related to the problem of utilization of solutions containing nitric or sulfuric anions in its composition. The processes occurring in the synthesis of thermally expanding graphite compounds on platinum and graphite electrodes in the electrolyte under investigation were studied by the method of potentiodynamic curves. The currents on the potentiodynamic curves before reaching the oxygen evolution potential were due to the oxidation of the surface-functional groups followed by intercalation of the graphite matrix. It was revealed that the potential for oxygen evolution in the electrolyte based on the spent nitric acid solution of etching of copper parts is slightly lower than in 58% HNO3 due to the presence of metal cations in the composition. Free metal cations attract a part of water molecules to form hydrate shells, while copper cations form complexes where H2O molecules are ligands, which makes it difficult to release oxygen. In the electrochemical synthesis of thermally expanding graphite compounds, potentiostatic and galvanostatic modes were applied. A range of potentials of 1.8 - 2.2 V was chosen for performing the synthesis in the potentiostatic mode. Recommendations are given for the application of the galvanostatic mode with the current of anodic treatment of 60 - 140 mA (per 1 g of graphite) for the synthesis of graphite thermo expanding compounds in industrial volumes. The thermo expanded graphite obtained in this manner is characterized by a bulk density of less than 2 g/dm3.

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Deng, Shihai, Qi Wang, Qinqing Cai, Say Leong Ong, and Jiangyong Hu. "Efficient bio-refractory industrial wastewater treatment with mitigated membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor strengthened by the micro-scale ZVI@GAC galvanic-cells-initiated radical generation and coagulation processes." Water Research 209 (February 2022): 117943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117943.

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42

Dudarev, Vladimir I., Nadezhda V. Irinchinova, and Elena G. Filatova. "ADSORPTION OF IONS OF NICKEL (II) FROM WATER SOLUTIONS WITH CARBON ADSORBENTS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017601.5455.

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For citation:Dudarev V.I., Irinchinova N.V., Filatova E.G. Adsorption of ions of nickel (II) from water solutions with carbon adsorbents. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 1. P. 75-80.Adsorption methods of cleaning remains beyond comparison for deep extraction of heavy metal ions from dilute solutions. Their practical application allows achieving the high efficiency of wastewater treatment with minimal impact on the environment. It is known that nickel is one of carcinogenic elements. Thus, free nickel ions (II) are twice toxic than complex compounds. The maximum content of nickel ion (II) at the production of spent electroplating solutions is 50 mg/l, in washing waters – from 2 to 5 mg/l. In this paper we studied the adsorption capacity of carbon adsorbents IPI-T, synthesized from waste phenol-formaldehyde resin with respect to the nickel ions (II). Carbon аdsorbents IPI-T are black granules of irregular shape with an average particle size from 2 to 5 mm, and a surface area of 480 m2/g. Adsorption equilibrium time in static conditions corresponding to the constancy of the concentration of heavy metal ions in solution was four hours. A study of the adsorption capacity of carbon adsorbents IPI-T was performed at pH of 9.5. The adsorption process accompanied by the slight decrease in pH. Isotherms were build according to the results of research of adsorption at different temperatures. The shape of the isotherms obtained corresponds to poly-molecular adsorption. The resulting isotherms were processed using adsorption models of BET and Dubinin-Radushkevich. It was shown that the adsorption process model is best described by BET. Model Dubinin-Radushkevich was used to calculate the free energy of adsorption. The value of the free energy of adsorption indicates that the binding of nickel ion (II) has a physical nature. It was found that with the temperature increasing the adsorption capacity of carbon adsorbents IPI-T decreases. The dynamic activity of the adsorbent was characterized by the time of beginning of pass of the adsorbate till «breakthrough». Maximum protective effect of the adsorbent was 5 hours, and it was recovered 150 mg of nickel ions (II). The effectiveness of wastewater treatment of galvanic production from heavy metal ions was not less than 98%.

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Quynh Anh, Quyen Thi, Lyubov A. Zenitova, and Ngo Hong Nghia. "Sorbent based on chitosan and polyurethane foam for cleaning aqueous media from metal ions and dyes." Butlerov Communications 63, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-63-8-11.

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This article touches upon an urgent subject at present – the development of a sorbent for purifying water resources from metal ions and dyes. For these purposes, a sorbent based on polyurethane foam filled with 30% chitosan was developed to eliminate oil spills. It is well known that chitosan is an effective absorber of metal ions, it is recommended to use chitosan for metal ions extraction from waste waters of galvanic, mining, processing and textile industries. In this purpose, it is important to research which extent of the sorbent be developed, for oil spills treatment, and have metal ions absorbability. Unfilled polyurethane foam has been studied to use as a sorbent for metal ions previously, this research shown that they are not suitable sorbents for these purposes. In order to develop a versatile sorbent, a study to combine the ability to absorb oil and oil products of polyurethane foam and the ability to purify water from metal ions and dyes of chitosan has been carried out. The best degree of purification by the sorbent is observed at a concentration of Cu2+ ions of 100 mg/l and Pb2+ ions of 200 mg/l. In addition, the sorbent is proved to be effective to a dyes of 500 mg/g concentration for their removal from aqueous solutions. Sorption isotherms according to the Langmuir and Freundlich models have high confidence coefficients – R2 > 0.87. Equilibrium parameters (RL) for Langmuir isotherms are in the range of 0 < RL < 1. The process of sorbents adsorption for both Cu2+, Pb2+ ions and dyes is satisfactorily described by both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Low values of E and G indicate the occurrence of predominantly physical adsorption in all the cases studied. It has been established that the developed sorbent, which is a specific sorbent for cleaning water surfaces from oil pollution, also allows to purify wastewater of chemical enterprises containing metal ions Cu2+ and Pb2+ up to 29% and dyes in wastewater of textile industries up to 97%, which proves its versatility.

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Lazarev, S. I., A. A. Levin, S. V. Kovalev, M. I. Mikhailin, V. Yu Ryzhkin, and T. A. Khromova. "Voltamper and Permeable Characteristics of Electrobaro-Membrane Purification of Galvanic Wastes from Mg2+, Fe2+, Ions." Vestnik Tambovskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta 26, no. 4 (2020): 629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/vestnik.2020.04.pp.629-636.

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The analysis of literature data on current-voltage characteristics (CVCs) and permeability of electromembrane systems in the processing of technological solutions of various industries is given. It is noted that electromembrane systems containing porous semi-permeable polymer membranes are insufficiently studied. The results of experimental studies on the CVCs of a membrane system equipped with an anode UAM-100, MGA-95 and near-cathode UAM-100, MGA-95 membranes during the separation of a model solution containing Mg2+, Fe2+, ions are presented. It is shown that in the study of membrane systems equipped with porous membranes, under the action of voltage and transmembrane pressure, as a result of the treatment of the model solution, two characteristic periods are noted on the CVCs (out-of-limit mode, intense electroosmotic transfer).

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Vilarinho, Cândida, Fernando Castro, Filipa Carneiro, and André Ribeiro. "Development of a Process for Copper Recovering from Galvanic Sludges." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.575.

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Galvanic coating processes are based on metal plating baths and are responsible for the production of large amounts of wastewaters. Subsequent physical-chemical treatment of the wastewaters generates solid wastes called galvanic sludges. These sludges have a hazardous character and are often disposed, mainly on landfills, without any economical or environmental benefits. The development of alternatives and viable ways to reduce the environmental impact and recover the valuable metals contained in those sludges such as copper, chromium, nickel or zinc, which content might reach 30% (wt.%, dry weight) are of utmost importance. The present work has been developed in the aim of the project VALMETAIS and proposes a hydrometallurgical process for copper recovery from galvanic sludges produced by Ni/Cr plating plants. This procedure has been developed on laboratory scale and is based on leaching of sludges in sulphuric acid solution followed by copper cementation step, using iron scrap as a precipitating agent. The sludge has been characterized for its chemical and physical properties. Chemical analysis showed a copper concentration of more than 10% (dry base). Preliminary leaching tests in both sulphuric acid and ammoniacal media were performed in order to determine the best operating conditions for this step of the process and to assure the best metal recovery conditions in subsequent separation methods. Sulphuric acid yielded much higher metal ion dissolution when compared with ammoniacal leaching. Optimal experimental leaching parameters were defined as follows: sulphuric acid solution 100 g/l, a solid to liquid ratio of 1:10, stirring speed of 400 rpm at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure. It was found that metals dissolution was almost complete in 30 minutes of reaction time. Extraction rates of 99% for Cu and Ni were obtained under the leaching conditions above mentioned. The solid residue separated from the leaching solution is mostly constituted by gypsum (CaSO4), and presents a metal content below 1%. The subsequent extraction of cooper from the obtained solution is achieved by a cementation step with iron scrap. Copper precipitation was performed at a pH of 2 which was achieved through adding new sludge to the filtered leaching solution. Such pH level led to insignificant precipitation of other metals present in the leaching solution, namely chromium. The recovery rate of copper is about 90% and the purity grade of the resulting copper cement enables its application as a commercial product.

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46

"Galvanic Production Waste Water Treatment with Electro/coagulation Sludge in Terms of Nickel and Copper Ions." Water sector of Russia: problems, technologies, management, no. 5, 2013 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.35567/1999-4508-2013-5-6.

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A possibility of nickel ions and copper ions recovery from galvanic waste waters with electro-coagulation sludge that is formed in the process of electro/chemical cleaning of galvanic drainage pipes with the use of soluble aluminum anodes has been demonstrated. Nickel ions recovery from the galvanic waste water in case of the optimal proportion of the sludge has reached at least 55 %.

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47

Denisova, Mariya, and Viktor Bocharnikov. "Cascade filtering method through natural sorbents using ferrite reagents." Melioration and Water Management, May 15, 2020, 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32962/0235-2524-2019-4-20-23.

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Wastewater is a variety of waters, as well as precipitation discharged into water bodies from industrial enterprises, domestic, livestock production, as well as settlements through the drainage system, the properties of which were deteriorated as a result of human activity. In areas where livestock complexes are located, the situation is tense. It is necessary to solve the problem of processing toxic, toxic and harmful industrial, domestic, animal waste. It is necessary to develop special sites for the destruction and recycling of these wastes. There are many ways to treat wastewater, such as screening, initial sedimentation without reagents, filtration, sorption on activated carbon, ultrafiltration, ozonation, etc. Currently, it is becoming increasingly important to use the ferrite method for wastewater treatment from heavy metal ions. Basically, this method is widely used in wastewater treatment of galvanic production, engineering plants which in the process of their work have galvanic waste, i.e. galvanic sludge. The article presents the results of cascade filtration through various natural sorbents such as activated carbon of the BAU-A brand, gravel sand and zeolite of various fractions. The limiting indicator of the harmfulness of the studied pollutants before and after ferritization is calculated. Based on the research results, regression models were obtained that characterize the dependence of the concentration of impurities on the reaction time of ferrite reagents with poultry runoff.

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48

González-Hernández, Romel, Verónica Martínez-Miranda, Ivonne Linares-Hernández, Luis Antonio Castillo-Suárez, Giovanni Sosa Ceballos, and Raúl Cortés-Martínez. "Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) Treatment Using Galvanic Electrochemical System Al–Cu." Environmental Technology, June 22, 2022, 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2022.2093653.

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49

Favero, Bruno Matheus, Ana Carolina Favero, Daniela Coelho da Silva, Patricia Hubner, Fernanda Siqueira Souza, and Janice Botelho Souza Hamm. "Treatment of galvanic effluent through electrocoagulation process: Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni removal and reuse of sludge generated as inorganic pigment." Environmental Technology, April 21, 2021, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2021.1916089.

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50

Kušnierová, Mária, Mária Praščáková, Anna K. Nowak, Katarzyna Gorazda, and Zbigniew Wzorek. "Biogenic catalysis in sulphide minerals' weathering processes and acid mine drainage genesis." Acta Biochimica Polonica 61, no. 1 (January 22, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2014_1920.

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Bioleaching and biogenesis are the main outputs from a large group of environmental processes participating in the natural material cycle, used in raw materials processing. Bio-oxidation reactions are the main basis for bioleaching procedures, often participating in parallel leaching processes. During the leaching processes of polycomponent sulphide substrates, the factor of process selection also plays an important role, being in direct relation to the electric properties and galvanic effect occurring between the individual components of the leaching substrate. This work gives a summary of the results of a research focused on the possibilities of using biotechnological procedures for treatment of Slovak sulphide ores. The object of the research is extraction of valuable metals, undesirable admixtures and degradation of crystal lattice of sulphides for subsequent chemical leaching processing of precious metals. The results of experiments on the existence of biogenic processes in situ on waste dumps from exploitation containing residual sulphides are also presented. The processes result in acid mine drainage water generation. These waters are strongly mineralised (over 48 g/L) and of low pH; that is why they are very caustic. The arsenic content (2.558 mg/L) in outflowing waters from old mines is high and over the limits set by the law.

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