Дисертації з теми "Galaxies : matière noire"
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Kieffer, Matthieu. "Recherche indirecte de matière noire avec l'expérience H.E.S.S." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066526/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Universe is full of gravitational evidence of a dominant invisible Dark Matter (DM) component at the Galactic and cosmological scales. Although its nature is still one of the major puzzles of the 21st Century, Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are an excellent scenario for matching theoretical predictions with observations and simulations. In particular, their self-annihilations would give rise to characteristic spectral signatures in γ-rays, detectable at Very High Energies (VHE) with the H.E.S.S. telescope array in regions such as the Galactic Centre (GC) and Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies (dSphs). The standard ON-OFF analysis method is applied in the observation of the Sagittarius dSph where a ~3σ hotspot is observed above 300 GeV, although more statistics is required to conclude on its potential DM origin. The second part of the work is focused on the search for monochromatic γ-ray line signatures in the GC region. A Full Likelihood method has been developed, calibrated with Monte-Carlo simulations and applied to a sub-sample of a 20h dataset acquired in 2014. No excess signal is found, thus leading to limits on the DM annihilation cross-section down to a 100 GeV mass range, the sensitivity at the lowest energies being achieved by the 5th H.E.S.S. telescope added in 2012. These limits efficiently fill the gap in mass between results from Fermi-LAT and the first phase of H.E.S.S. On the other side the analysis of the complete dataset is expected to exclude the 130 GeV line-like feature recently reported in the Fermi-LAT data, with more than 95% CL, and to provide the most constraining DM limits so far on γ-ray line emission in the VHE range
Lavalle, Julien. "Modèle effectif de matière noire fermionique - Recherche de matière noire supersymétrique avec le télescope gamma CELESTE." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142472.
Повний текст джерелаLasserre, Thierry. "Mesure de l'abondance des astres sombres de masse stellaire dans le halo galactique par la recherche de phénomènes de microlentilles vers les Nuages de Magellan." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066266.
Повний текст джерелаPeirani, Sébastien. "Aspects dynamiques et physiques de la matière noire." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4101.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to study the dynamics of dark matter halos as well as the possibility of detection of gamma-rays resulting from the annihilation of neutralinos, supposed to be the constituent of dark matter (DM). In a first step, numerical simulations have been performed in the context of the Lambda-CDM cosmology and we have studied the effects of merger/accretion on the angular momentum evolution of halos and their dynamical relaxation. Our results indicate that halos acquire angular momentum essentially by the transfer of orbital angular momentum to spin during merger/accretion events rather than by tital torques. In a second step, we have studied the effects of the inclusion of a cosmological constant term in the spherical Tolman-Lemaître collapse model and re-derived masses for some nearby groups of galaxies, in particular the Local Group and Virgo. Our procedure yields a new evaluation of the Hubble constant in quite agreement with recent determination by other methods. Finally, we have predicted gamma-rays fluxes from different sources as M31, M87, Draco and Sagittarius and their detectability by the forthcoming GLAST satellite. The analysis of detection or not at different energy thresholds allows to constraint the neutralino mass and the spatial distribution of DM in those objects
Maurin, David. "Rayonnement cosmique et détection indirecte de matière noire." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880159.
Повний текст джерелаTiret, Olivier. "Dynamique des galaxies : gravité newtonienne & gravité modifiée." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335993.
Повний текст джерелаCette expression de la gravitation est non-linéaire et impose une méthode différente de celle utilisée dans les systèmes avec matière noire. J'ai écrit un code permettant la résolution des deux modèles de gravité, ce qui a permis de les comparer. J'ai testé ainsi l'évolution de galaxies spirales isolées puis en interaction. Ces simulations modélisent aussi la dissipation du gaz froid et la formation d'étoiles. Celles-ci ont montré que les galaxies sont moins stables en gravitation modifiée qu'en gravitation newtonienne, elles forment des barres plus rapidement. Ces simulations ont aussi révélé des différences importantes sur les transferts de moment angulaire lors des formations des barres et sur les effets de friction dynamique qui ralentissent les barres. Ce travail a permis de réaliser, pour la première fois en gravité modifiée, des simulations de galaxies en interaction du type des Antennes. Là encore, les effets de friction dynamique ont un rôle majeur sur la durée du temps de fusion, plus long en gravitation modifiée. Ceci ouvre des horizons vers des simulations cosmologiques qui pourraient valoriser un modèle en analysant la formation hiérarchique des structures à partir des fluctuations de densité primordiales. Par ailleurs, la modélisation de la cinématique des galaxies (naines, spirales et elliptiques) est aussi approfondie. En particulier, l'analyse des courbes de rotation des galaxies spirales montre que celles-ci peuvent contenir un composant de gaz moléculaire froid deux fois plus massif que le composant atomique.
Arbey, Alexandre. "Matière Noire Astronomique et Champs Scalaires." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002945.
Повний текст джерелаDans les quatre premiers chapitres sont exposés succinctement le Modèle Standard Cosmologique, les observations démontrant la présence d'énergie et de matière noires, les modèles de matière noire les plus étudies, et diferents modèles cosmologiques ou astrophysiques reposant sur des champs scalaires. Dans les trois chapitres suivants est détaillé un modèle de matière noire bosonique basé sur l'existence d'un champ scalaire complexe et chargé dans U(1). Nous verrons que couple a un potentiel quadratique, un tel champ est susceptible d'expliquer les courbes de rotation des galaxies, tout en conservant depuis la recombinaison un comportement cosmologique de matière. Nous nous intéresserons ensuite au cas du potentiel quartique, et nous montrerons d'une part que son comportement cosmologique est lui aussi relativement bon, et d'autre part qu'il explique bien les courbes de rotation des galaxies spirales de petite taille, si problématiques pour de nombreux modèles de matière noire.
Wolk, Melody. "Evolution of the galaxy distribution in large cosmological surveys." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066322.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between the dark and the luminous part of the Universe. Within the standard cosmological model framework, we will use galaxies as our probes to study the matter distribution in the Universe and its evolution. In order to achieve this goal, we use statistical tools to characterize the way objects are distributed in the sky. We model our measurements using a phenomenological description: the ``halo model''. However, to make robust estimations, we need to have access to a large amount of data which is made possible by the use of photometric redshift surveys. First, we look at the redshift dependence of the hierarchical amplitudes of the galaxy distribution up to order 5 using a wide photometric survey, the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS), from present day up to intermediate redshifts. We interpret these measurements in the perturbation theory framework. We found that in the weakly non-linear regime, our measurements are marginally consistent with the predictions. However, these latter slightly over-predict our measurements, which suggests the existence of higher-order bias terms. Using the halo model, we also showed that the position of the transition between the non-linear and the weakly non-linear regime is fully compatible with theoretical expectations. Then, using two-point statistics on data from the UltraVISTA-COSMOS survey, we investigate the way galaxy clustering depends on the stellar mass and the redshift beyond a redshift of one. We found that, on average, samples with higher stellar mass thresholds have higher mean clustering amplitude meaning that rarer populations are more strongly clustered. We also interpreted these measurements in the context of the halo model. Furthermore, we consider the stellar mass to halo mass ratio and follow the evolution of the peak in this quantity up to redshift z \sim ~2 trying to interpret it in terms of galaxy formation. We showed that, for the full sample, M_{h}^{peak} shifts progressively to higher halo masses at higher redshifts, an effect known as ``anti-hierarchical''. Finally, we summarize our main results and present some of our future projects
Le, Guillou Laurent. "Recherche de matière noire galactique par détection de microlentilles gravitationnelle en photométrie différentielle." Paris 6, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003907.
Повний текст джерелаBecquaert, Jean-François. "La géométrie 3D des halos de matière noire par les disques d'hydrogène atomique Hi." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1997. https://hal.science/tel-02154083.
Повний текст джерелаKnowing the flattening of dark matter halos surrounding the galaxies is of cosmological relevance since it will give some insight in the true nature of dark matter and in the processus of galaxy formation. The 3D geometry of Dark Matter Halos is studied here through an analysis of the thickness of the atomic hydrogen diak (Hi) of spiral galaxies. We test the flattening of the global gravitational potential locally, using the equatorial rotation curve and the Hi disk thickness. A method consisting in a 3D kinematical analysis of the thickening of Hi layers (“flaring”), inserting explicitly the modelling of warps, is presented. In parallel, it is shown that the thickness is generally predictable as a function of the halo flattering q = c/a, a galaxy mass model solution of a fit of the rotation curve, the vertical velocity dispersion of the gas, and the self-gravity of the gas. A comparison with the previously modelled thickness will finally determine q. We show that the problem is in fact dominated by the external mass in the galaxies (i. E. The mass after the last radius of the measured rotation curves). The mass external to the disk, if not spherical, has a negative contribution to the inner rotation curve (since the radical force is opposite to the radial force due to the mass inside the galactic disk) : the dark matter outside the last radius of the curve is shown to modify the inner dark matter densities up to a factor 3. The method roughly corrected from the “external mass” problem is applied to a sample of edge-on spiral galaxies : K 884, NGC 4013, NGC 891 and M31. In every case, the dark halos with the corrected method are found much more flattened than when they are determined with the classical infinite isothermal profile and can ever be inferior to q 0. 1 for NGC 891
Bournaud, Frédéric. "Evolution des galaxies : interactions, fusions, et accrétion de gaz." Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00079377.
Повний текст джерелаRichardson, Tamara. "Implications cosmologiques et astrophysiques de la structure interne des halos de matière noire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLO010.
Повний текст джерелаAt a time of tensions in cosmology, galaxy clusters provide a unique and renewed avenue to possibly settle debates. As the largest gravitationally bound structures in the Universe, galaxy clusters find themselves at the interface between cosmology and astrophysics, and are now well established probes of the cosmological model through their abundances and clustering.In this work, we investigate the potential of using the internal structure of galaxy clusters as a novel probe of both the underlying cosmology and the astrophysical processes which take place within these objects. Specifically, we characterise the internal structure through the shape of the mass profile which we quantify using a non-parametric proxy which we call halo sparsity, simply defined as the ratio of two masses.We show how the use of sparsity can gauge the impact of individual merger events and design a statistical approach to quickly detect recent events in large survey catalogues while also providing a preliminary estimate of the time at which these mergers took place. Furthermore, we quantify the cosmology dependence of halo sparsity allowing us to improve and design a novel approach to constrain the Lambda CDM cosmological parameters.Finally, we begin to take this probe beyond the realm of theoretical oddities by investigating how it is affected by observational constraints. In particular, we study the impact of biased mass tracers, observational pipeline assumptions, mass measurement uncertainties as well as the possibility of combining halo sparsity with other cosmological probes
Lefranc, Valentin. "Recherche de matière noire, observation du centre galactique avec H.E.S.S.et modernisation des caméras de H.E.S.S. I." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS204/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe ground-based Cherenkov telescope array H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) is able to detect gamma rays at very high energies (E> 50GeV) to probe the most violent non-thermal phenomena in the universe. These gamma rays can also come from dark matter particle annihilation. Gamma-ray astronomy provides a promising avenue to search for signatures of these annihilations in overdense regions of the universe. This thesis is composed of three parts. After a brief reminder of the H.E.S.S. instrument, the performance tests to calibrate the new electronics used for the modernization of the four cameras CT1-4 telescopes are presented. The analysis of the upgraded camera raw data shows a reduction global array dead time allowing to maximize the benefit of the stereoscopy between the 5 telescopes. The second part of the thesis deals with 10 years of observations of the Galactic Center region with H.E.S.S. and recent observations taken with the 28-meter-diameter telescope (CT5) located at the center of the array. The data analysis towards the central source HESS J1745-290 provides access to events at lower energies (100 GeV). The spectrum of the central source is in very good agreement with the one of HESS J1745-290 measured with CT1-4 and data below 150 GeV enable to connect it to the Fermi 3FGHL J1745.6-2859c source spectrum. In the third part, the 10 years of data in the region of the Galactic Centre with the first phase of H.E.S.S. are scanned for a dark matter annihilation signal using a likelihood method using the spectral and spatial characteristics of the dark matter signal compared to background. No dark matter signal is detected. The constraints are calculated on the annihilation cross section and, for the first time, a ground-based Cherenkov telescope array is capable to probe the thermal cross section in the case of a cuspy dark matter profile. The sensitivity of the annihilation cross section of the H.E.S.S. instrument using CT5 is then presented toward the Galactic Center and the recently discovered dwarf galaxy Reticulum II. The last part of the thesis studies the potential of the future ground-based instrument CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array) for the detection of dark matter annihilation signal. Towards the Galactic Center region, the expected dark matter signal is significantly increased by the contribution of gamma rays produced by inverse Compton process of energetic electrons and positrons on ambient radiation fields. The sensitivity obtained enables CTA to probe the thermal cross section in all annihilation channels for a cuspy dark matter profile. The impact on CTA sensitivity of systematic errors and diffuse emission measured by Fermi is also shown. In the case of dwarf galaxy satellites of the Milky Way, the CTA performances enable to consider them as extended objects and provide a competitive sensitivity with the Galactic Centre sensitivity for a kpc-core profile. In the case of a line signal, CTA will be able to strongly constrain specific TeV dark matter models through the Sommerfeld effect, as Wino and MDM-5plet
Régoa, Matos Afonso Isabel Cristina. "Recherche d'événements de microlentille gravitationnelle vers le centre de notre galaxie avec Eros II." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077111.
Повний текст джерелаVega, Ferrero Jesús. "Dark matter distribution in the Universe with gravitational lensing : the distribution of Einstein radii as cosmological probes." Observatoire de Paris, 2015. https://hal.science/tel-02095303.
Повний текст джерелаGravitational lensing can be as competitive as other cosmological probes for constraining cosmological parameters. However, previous attempts of using strong lensing statistics as a cosmological tool have produced controversial results. In particular, observations of strong lensing clusters seemed to indicate that: first, some galaxy clusters have very extended critical lines whose abundances can hardly be reproduced by cluster models in the framework of a ΛCDM cosmology; and second, few clusters have concentrations which are way too large compared to numerical expectations. The main motivation behind this thesis work is to check whether the persistence of the arc statistics problem can be still questioned –both by theoreticians and by observers– in terms of the current ΛCDM cosmological model. We use the state-of-the-art numerical simulations of galaxy clusters (MUSIC, MultiDark) as a laboratory to test the general gravitational lensing properties of these objects that can then be incorporated into a semi-analityc model (MAPLENS, Madrid-Paris LENsing Semianalytics) for the prediction of the statistical distribution of strong lens features in the universe. MAPLENS incorporates all the selection effects that could be accounted for in the MUSIC dataset: triaxiality, substructures and mergers. We then compare the predictions of MAPLENS with recent observational data from CLASH and SGAS using two independent techniques: the distribution function of Einstein radii and the extreme value statistics of Einstein radii
Dumas, Alexis. "Recherche indirecte de matière noire en direction des galaxies naines avec le télescope à neutrinos ANTARES." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22500/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe first part of this document summarizes the astrophysical arguments to suppose the existence of dark matter. The cosmological model ΛCDM is presented as well as the concept of cross section of dark matter self-annihilation. Dwarf galaxies satellites of the Milky Way, the sources of our study are introduced into a second chapter. After recalling the large structures that make up the universe, the issues related to dwarf galaxies are addressed : missing satellites problem, distribution of dark matter density within them and tidal forces due to the Milky Way. The second part discusses the modeling of the dark matter density in dwarf galaxies. The methodology, using the Jeans equation and dispersion of projected stars velocities, is presented. Three dark matter profiles are retained : NFW, Burkert and Einasto and fifteen dwarf galaxies.Neutrino production during the self-annihilation of dark matter is then addressed. The energy spectra of neutrinos are generated with PYTHIA software and compared with other results for the galactic center. Twenty-three assumptions of mass dark matter candidates are chosen, ranging from 25 GeV/c2 100 TeV/c2. Five self-annihilation channels are selected for analysis : χχ → b¯b, W+W− τ+τ− μ+μ− νμ ¯ νμ. The third part includes a presentation of the detector used for the study, the ANTARES neutrino telescope. Three reconstruction algorithms developed and used in collaboration are also detailed : AAFIT, BBFit and GridFit. The analysis of data ANTARES aimed to find a neutrinos excess characteristic of dark matter self-annihilation is summarized in the sixth and final chapter. No excess was observed, a limit on the cross section of dark matter self-annihilation was determined
Mollitor, Pol. "Simulations cosmologiques et astroparticules : formation de galaxies spirales : détection directe et indirecte de la matière noire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4755.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis tackles two topics: the formation of spiral galaxies and the detection of dark matter (DM).We study three high resolution cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way-sized halos including a comparison with the corresponding DM-only runs performed with the code RAMSES. We analyze the stellar and gas distribution and find one of our simulated galaxies with interesting Milky Way like features with regard to several observational tests. We obtain an extended disk and a flat rotation curve with a circular velocity and a DM density in the solar neighborhood that are in agreement with observations. Following observational procedures, we rederive the stellar-to-halo mass ratio and obtain competitive values for this criterion. Concerning the DM distribution, we explicitly show the interaction with the baryons and show how the DM is first contracted by star formation and then cored by feedback processes.In the framework of the simulation, we analyze the astrophysical uncertainties relevant for direct detection by studying the involved quantities like the local DM density, the DM velocity distribution and the local escape velocity . Furthermore, we consider various selections of DM and star distributions and estimate the variability of the detection rate.Within the self-consistent framework of the simulation, we calculate the DM annihilation and decay gamma ray (GR) signals as well as the diffuse GR background, that we model using the supernovae explosions as cosmic ray sources which produce GRs by spallation on the gas distribution. The cored DM profile and the high central baryonic densities induce a challenging configuration for indirect DM detection
Lacroix, Thomas. "Phenomenology of dark matter particles at the centers of galaxies." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066060/document.
Повний текст джерелаUnveiling the nature of dark matter is one of the greatest challenges of modern physics, at the interface between astrophysics, cosmology and particle physics. In this thesis, I tackle various aspects of indirect searches for dark matter particles, which provide a complementary approach to direct detection or collider experiments. We are now entering into an era of instruments with outstanding capabilities, so it was timely to tackle the problem of the dark matter density profile at the centers of galaxies with novel methods, which motivated this thesis. Taking advantage of these technological advances, I investigate new ways of probing the very central part of dark matter halos, especially focusing on dark matter spikes, i.e. very strong enhancements of the dark matter density that can form around supermassive black holes. I show that we can go beyond standard dark matter searches by studying photon emission from electrons and positrons produced in dark matter annihilation processes. In this context, I describe a new cosmic-ray propagation technique to account for injection by spiky distributions at the centers of galaxies. I develop novel models of the diffuse emission in the central regions of galaxies, focusing not only on the center of the Milky Way, but on the central regions of other galaxies as well. This allows me to explain recently reported observations and make predictions for future observations
Cherrey, Maxime. "Etude et caracterisation du gaz tiède autour des galaxies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10187.
Повний текст джерелаThe Circumgalactic Medium (CGM) refers to the area surrounding galaxies that constitutes the interface between them and the intergalactic medium. The gas it contains originates, in particular, from accretion mechanisms which fuel star formation over long periods, and from ejections caused by supernova explosions that create galactic winds. Today, the CGM presents a test for theoretical models and simulations, which have not yet succeeded in reproducing all of its physical characteristics. Observationally, studying the CGM is challenging because of its multi-phase nature and low density. It’s low surface brightness, makes it almost invisible in emission with current instruments. Therefore, it is mostly studied in absorption, particularly through quasar sightlines. In this thesis, we aimed to improve the understanding of the warm phase of the CGM (T~10^4K) traced by the 2796,2803 Å MgII absorption doublet. To this end, we used the MEGAFLOW sample, consisting of 22 quasar fields observed with the integral field spectrograph MUSE and the high-resolution spectrograph UVES. The wide field of view and high sensitivity of MUSE make it ideal for detecting galaxies causing the absorptions. This sample, one of the largest currently available, is particularly suited for studying the CGM of active galaxies at redshift 0.4 < z < 1.5. First, we focused on isolated galaxies because they can be unambiguously associated with the observed MgII absorptions. We measured their absorption profiles as a function of impact parameter and studied its dependence on various properties (stellar masses, star formation rates, and redshift). Subsequently, we conducted a similar analysis for galaxy groups, identifying them blindly using a method combining two detection algorithms. We find that MgII absorptions are primarily caused by small ensembles of galaxies (1 to 3) compatible with natural correlation and not by groups. The rigorous selection of isolated galaxies results in a low dispersion around the absorption profile, which extends significantly further than those predicted by current simulations. In particular, all galaxies with masses >10^9 Msun exhibit absorption >0.1 Å within an impact parameter of 50 kpc. We find that the extent of MgII absorptions is significantly higher along the minor axis than along the major axis, indicating the predominant role of winds on the CGM. We also observe that MgII halos extend much further for groups than for isolated galaxies, even for similar halo masses and regardless of the impact parameter definition used. This indicates different mechanisms at play in these two environments. The intensity and probability of MgII absorptions are positively correlated with SFR and stellar mass. They also tend to stagnate or decrease with cosmic time, indicating that the warm phase does not grow like dark matter halos. Our observations favor a scenario where gas halos follow the decline of the cosmic SFR. Finally, we explored possible links between dark matter halo properties and absorptions tracing the warm phase. We believe that the work presented here deserves to be extended to other galaxy populations and compared to simulations to better constrain the processes governing galaxy evolution
Golse, Ghislain. "Contraintes cosmologiques déduites des effets de lentille gravitationnelle dans les amas de galaxies." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30145.
Повний текст джерелаI use cluster-lenses containing several multiple-imaged systems of background galaxies to constrain the cosmological parameters. Indeed, the model of the cluster of galaxies gravitational potential is then precise enough to get constraints on the distances between sources and images. These distances directly depend on the Universe geometry, which is fixed by the cosmological parameters (ie the Universe matter density, the cosmological constant and dark energy in general). This method requires precise parametric models of gravitational potentials. I developped a general formalism of pseudo elliptical profiles, giving analytical expressions for lensing quantities. I first study the errors semi analytically, to get the expected accuracy. Numerical simulations of of typical cluster-lenses complete this preliminary work. I can then precise the potential optimisation method and exhibit the expected degeneracy between the cosmological parameters. .
Foëx, Gaël. "Analyse des propriétés statistiques des amas de galaxies." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627801.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Guillou Laurent. "Recherche de matière noire galactique par détection de microlentilles gravitationnelles en photométrie différentielle." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003907.
Повний текст джерелаDelsart, Pierre. "Test des modèles d'énergie noire et propriétés physiques des amas de galaxies." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1456/.
Повний текст джерелаGalaxy clusters are the most massive objects in the Universe. Their population being directly linked to the growth factor of the matter density fluctuations, the evolution of the abundance is a good test to place constraints on the evolution of the Universe. The discovery of an X-ray radiation inside these objects allowed us to highlight the properties of the intra-cluster gas as well as the different process responsible of the X-ray emission. Thanks to the capacity of spectro-imagery of XMM-Newton or Chandra, the observations allowed us to better understand the clusters evolution and to use their abundance as cosmological test. The statistical study of this population needs a good determination of the clusters' mass. This quantity being not directly measurable, indirect methods had been developed notably using scaling relation allowing to link the clusters' mass to the properties of the intra-cluster gas. However, a bad understanding of the gas physics can lead to systematics that could insert some bias in the determination of the cosmological paramters. This thesis deals with a study of the intra-cluster gas through the scaling relation between the mass and the temperature using the constraints taken from cosmological probes and the temperature distribution of X-ray clusters. With the forthcoming publications of result from Plank, South Pole Telescope or Atacama Cosmology Telescope, a prediction of the clusters population observed by Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect is detailed by taking into account the X-ray intracluter gas properties. Finally, a quantitative study of the power spectrum of the secondary anisotropies of the CMB induced by SZ effect is proposed in order to show the differences observed in the spectrum taking into account the clusters' gas properties
Farnier, Christian. "Complémentarité de recherche de matière noire dans les galaxies naines sphéroïdes avec les expériences H. E. S. S. Et Fermi-LAT." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20267.
Повний текст джерелаIn the actual cosmological model, the Universe is predominantly composed of dark matter which nature remains unexplained by the Standard Model of particle physic. Annihilation of particles of new theoretical frameworks might induce a very high energy gamma-ray signal, observable by gamma-ray astronomy experiments. Widely dark matter dominated, dwarf spheroidal galaxies are privileged targets for such indirect search. The H. E. S. S. Telescopes network discussed in the first part is a perfect example of atmospheric stereoscopic imaging experiment allowing to search for dark matter. A new discrimination method of electromagnetic and hadronic showers enhancing searches of weak sources is presented. It is applied on the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy observation data and the upper limit on the incoming gamma-ray flux is calculated. In orbit aboard Fermi's satellite since June 2008, the LAT conversion pair telecope enable dark matter search on the whole sky. Theoretical sensitivity to detect a dark matter signal is determined for two specific galaxies. At the end of the first year of observations, upper limits on gamma-ray fluxes are derived for a catalog of dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Models of physic beyond the Standard Model are compared with calculated constraints on annihilation cross sections function of the mass paricles obtained from observations made with both experiments
Farnier, Christian. "Complémentarité de recherche de matière noire dans les galaxies naines sphéroïdes avec les expériences H.E.S.S. et Fermi-LAT." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521418.
Повний текст джерелаAubert, Dominique. "Mesure et implications dynamiques des flux de matière noire à la surface du viriel des halos de galaxies." Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110561.
Повний текст джерелаCoupon, Jean. "Galaxies à grand décalage spectral : mesures et contraintes cosmologiques." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066581.
Повний текст джерелаGavazzi, Raphaël. "Etude de la distribution de matière noire par ses effets de lentille gravitationnelle dans les régimes des distorsions faibles et fortes." Paris 7, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011228.
Повний текст джерелаLanzoni, Barbara. "Approches semi-analytiques et numériques de la formation des halos de matière." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003165.
Повний текст джерелаPour la matière noire, nous avons discuté d'abord un modèle basé sur la théorie linéaire de la croissance des fluctuations de densité de l'univers. Après avoir complètement re-codé le modèle (proposé par Rodrigues & Thomas 1996 et appelé "Merging Cell Model"), nous l'avons appliqué à une cosmologie SCDM et nous l'avons analysé en grand détail. Il apparaît particulièrement adapté pour étudier les amas locaux de galaxies, ainsi que la population des galaxies à discontinuité de Lyman à décalage spectral $z\simeq3$.
Pour obtenir une description plus fiable de l'histoire de fusion des halos de matière noire, nous nous sommes occupés ensuite de simulations numériques. En particulier, nous avons re-simulé à haute résolution 10 halos massifs, qui, dans le cadre du travail, correspondent aux sites hébergeant les amas des galaxies. La technique des resimulations est décrite soigneusement, en mettant en évidence ses avantages et ses inconvénients. Elle permet de reproduire très précisément les objets originaux sélectionnés, avec, bien évidemment, beaucoup plus de détails. Les résultats pour les 10 halos massifs resimulés sont présentés et servent comme point de départ pour l'étape suivante.
La description des processus agissants sur la composante baryonique à l'intérieur des halos, et gouvernant la formation et l'évolution des galaxies, est faite au moyen du modèle hybride "GALICS". C'est en combinant cette technique avec les resimulations à haute résolution des 10 halos massifs, que nous avons décrit la formation hiérarchique des galaxies dans les amas. Une attention particulière a été dédiée à l'effet des processus dynamiques, censés être spécialement importants dans les amas (la friction dynamique, le balayage du gaz par pression dynamique, et les collisions directes). Le balayage par pression dynamique rend les galaxies plus rouges et la relation couleur-magnitude plus étroite, en meilleur accord avec les observations. Il a un effet moindre sur la morphologie, qui est plutôt influencée par le taux des fusions directes. Les amas très massifs ont en moyenne des galaxies plus brillantes et plus rouges, ainsi qu'une fraction plus élevée d'elliptiques, que les amas moins massifs. Cela est vrai au temps présent, comme au décalage spectral $z=0.5$, où les galaxies sont en moyenne plus bleues. Nos résultats (préliminaires) suggèrent que la fonction de luminosité à magnitudes brillantes ($M_B < -17$) a une pente plus forte dans les amas riches que dans ceux de plus petite masse.
Boldrini, Pierre. "The cusp-core problem in dwarf galaxies : new solutions." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS082.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral research focuses on the nature of the dark matter (DM) and more particularly on the inconsistency of inner DM density profiles in dwarf galaxies, the cusp-core problem. We have found new resolutions of this cold DM challenge at small scales using high resolution fully GPU N-body simulations. First, we have re-investigated the Fornax cusp-core problem using observational results on the spatial and mass distributions of globular clusters in order to put constraints on the DM profile. Then, N-body simulations were designed to demonstrate that DM minihalos, as a new component of globular clusters, resolve both the timing and cusp-core problems in Fornax if the globular clusters were recently accreted. Secondly, we have examined whether DM candidates in the form of PBHs can solve the cusp-core problem in low-mass galaxies. This mechanism works for PBHs in the 25-100 Msol mass window but requires a lower limit on the PBH mass fraction of 1% of the total dwarf galaxy DM content. Then, we have demonstrated that subhalos sink and transfer energy via dynamical friction into the centres of dwarf galaxies. This dynamical heating kicks any central intermediate massive BH out to tens of parsecs. Finally, we demonstrate that accretion of a satellite on a highly eccentric orbit causes the formation a DM core and naturally explains a present BH offset by sub-parsecs in M31
Bonnivard, Vincent. "Détection indirecte de matière noire : des galaxies naines sphéroïdes en photons gamma à la recherche d'anti-hélium avec l'expérience AMS-02." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY022/document.
Повний текст джерелаMany astrophysical observations suggest the existence of large amounts of missing mass in the Universe, from the galactic to the cosmological scale. Discovering the nature of this invisible mass forms the dark matter problem, which appears as one of the major challenges of modern physics. This thesis is established in the context of indirect detection of dark matter. The latter could consist of new elementary particles, whose annihilation products may be observed in cosmic rays. We study in this work two of the most promising research channels!: gamma-rays and anti-nuclei.The best constraints on dark matter properties from gamma-ray observations come from the dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) of the Milky Way. The first part of our work was devoted to computing the annihilation J-factors of these objects, which quantify the magnitude of the expected gamma-ray flux. We have developed an optimized Jeans analysis setup in order to reconstruct the dark matter density profiles of these objects and their associated uncertainties, using stellar kinematic data. Our optimized setup was obtained using systematic tests on numerous simulated dSphs, and we applied it to twenty-three dSphs of the Milky Way. The second part of our work was dedicated to the search for anti-helium nuclei in the cosmic ray data collected by the AMS-02 experiment on the International Space Station. We have developed a classification method using boosted decision trees, and our preliminary analysis has led to the best constraints to date on the anti-helium to helium ratio
Laevens, Benjamin. "Finding and characterising the darkest galaxies in the local Group with the Pan-STARRS 1 survey." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE024/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis uses the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System 1 Survey to find new Local Group satellites such as dwarf galaxies and globular clusters. This survey is instrumental in helping resolve tensions that have become apparent between observation and theories. In a first phase, a search algorithm is developed, discovering five new satellites. Though yielding five discoveries, this number is lower than one would expect, assuming isotropy of the dwarf galaxies. This leads to the second aim of this thesis, namely quantifying the detection limits of the PS1 Survey. The detection efficiency maps over the entire PS1 sky can be used as a stepping–stone towards the quantification of the (an)isotropy of the Milky Way satellites’ distribution. Using this information, the luminosity function of these satellites can be re–derived
Limousin, Marceau. "Contraintes sur la distribution de masse des galaxies par cisaillement gravitationnel." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006436.
Повний текст джерелаFoëx, Gaël. "Analyse des propriétés statistiques des amas de galaxies." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1954/.
Повний текст джерелаGalaxy clusters are one of the most powerful tool of modern cosmology. The abundance of these objects allows to characterize the cosmological properties of the Universe, and the analysis of their physical properties such as mass, temperature or X-ray luminosity of the intra cluster gas, allows to constrain models of formation and evolution of the galaxy clusters. In both cases, the fundamental property is the galaxy cluster mass. It is therefore mandatory to be able to measure it in the most efficient and accurate way. The work presented here follows this problematic: the study of a representative sample of galaxy clusters with masses derived from two different methodologies in order to increase their reliability. This thesis focuses on the gravitational lensing methodology as predicted by the theory of General Relativity. The analysis of the wide-field optical images has been the principal part of the work: selection of the lensed galaxies, estimation of their shape parameters, measure of the shear signal, and the clusters mass reconstruction. To each step of the process are associated errors and limitations, which were highlighted, in particular those due to the large distance of the clusters. The statistical study of the clusters sample allowed to characterize the so-called scaling laws. These relations between the several properties of a galaxy cluster can be used to constrain the model of formation and evolution of structures, and are the main tool used to derive cosmological constraints from galaxy clusters. Their precise calibration requires therefore robust masses. Those derived from the gravitational lensing effect have been compared with the results from the X-ray analysis. For 7 clusters over the 11 in the sample, the masses derived from the two methodologies are in good agreement, thus increasing their reliability. For the other clusters, the observed discrepancies highlight the intrinsic limitations of each method, in particular projection effects and the dynamical state of the cluster. The results obtained on the calibration of the scaling laws are in good agreement with numerous similar works, in particular at lower redshifts. For instance, the presence of non gravitational physical processes has been revealed, both on the properties of the gas and the galaxy population of the clusters
Pislar, Vincent. "Etude d'Amas de Galaxies observés avec le satellite ROSAT." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00068737.
Повний текст джерелаLa première partie concerne l' étude de l'amas de galaxies Abell 85 en utilisant les données en rayons X du satellite ROSAT ainsi que des données optiques et radio. Plusieurs méthodes d'analyse ont été appliquées aux données. Nous avons ainsi pu étudier des régions particulières de l'amas comme la partie centrale, siège des courants de refroidissement ou la région de la radiosource 0038-096 où la mesure des flux X et radio a permis d'obtenir la valeur du champ magnétique.
Une seconde partie du travail a consisté à étudier les
caractéristiques des courants de refroidissement ainsi que la masse de gaz et de matière noire dans 11 amas de galaxies, grâce à un programme conçu pour ajuster les données de ROSAT. Nous avons également obtenu la fraction de baryons de ces amas et discuté les conséquences cosmologiques des valeurs obtenues.
Freundlich, Jonathan. "Star formation across cosmic time and its influence on galactic dynamics." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066459/document.
Повний текст джерелаObservations show that ten billion years ago, galaxies formed their stars at rates up to twenty times higher than now. As stars are formed from cold molecular gas, a high star formation rate means a significant gas supply, and galaxies near the peak epoch of star formation are indeed much more gas-rich than nearby galaxies. Is the decline of the star formation rate mostly driven by the diminishing cold gas reservoir, or are the star formation processes also qualitatively different earlier in the history of the Universe? Ten billion years ago, young galaxies were clumpy and prone to violent gravitational instabilities, which may have contributed to their high star formation rate. Stars indeed form within giant, gravitationally-bound molecular clouds. But the earliest phases of star formation are still poorly understood. Some scenarii suggest the importance of interstellar filamentary structures as a first step towards core and star formation. How would their filamentary geometry affect pre-stellar cores? Feedback mechanisms related to stellar evolution also play an important role in regulating star formation, for example through powerful stellar winds and supernovae explosions which expel some of the gas and can even disturb the dark matter distribution in which each galaxy is assumed to be embedded. This PhD work focuses on three perspectives: (i) star formation near the peak epoch of star formation as seen from observations at sub-galactic scales; (ii) the formation of pre-stellar cores within the filamentary structures of the interstellar medium; and (iii) the effect of feedback processes resulting from star formation and evolution on the dark matter distribution
Rinchiuso, Lucia. "Study of the Galactic Center and dark matter search with H.E.S.S." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS180/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe H.E.S.S. (High Energy Spectroscopic System) experiment is an array of five Cherenkov telescopes that observe the sky in gamma-rays from about 100 GeV up to several ten TeV.Gamma rays are produced in violent non-thermal phenomena in the Universe in the neighborhood of pulsars, supernovae, black holes, ..., and could also be produced by the annihilation of dark matter particles.Numerous cosmological and astrophysical probes suggest that 85% of the total matter budget in the Universe is of unknown origin. This component of matter known as dark matter is non baryonic and could consist of yet undiscovered particles which privileged candidates are arguably massive particles with electroweak couplings with ordinary matter (WIMPs).Dark matter particles may annihilate into Standard Model particles in dense regions of the Universe. Among the annihilation products are photons which detection at high energy with ground-based Cherenkov telescopes could bring unique information on the nature of the dark matter.H.E.S.S. observes dark-matter-dense regions of the sky such as the Galactic Center and dwarf galaxy satellites of the Milky Way. A study on the interpretation of an excess of gamma-rays detected by H.E.S.S. at the Galactic Center in terms of acceleration of protons by a population of unresolved millisecond pulsars is performed.10 years of observations of the Galactic Center with the four-telescope H.E.S.S.-I array, five years of data taking towards the Galactic Center region with the full H.E.S.S.-II array and a two-years dataset towards newly discovered dwarf spheroidal galaxies are analyzed. The search for dark matter annihilation signals towards these targets provided the strongest limits so far on dark matter annihilation cross section in gamma rays of TeV energies. The potential of dark matter detection with the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) towards the inner Galactic halo are studied. They may annihilate into Standard Model particles in dense regions of the Universe. Among the annihilation products are high energy photons. The detection of these photons with ground-based Cherenkov telescopes may reveal the nature of the dark matter. H.E.S.S. have observed some dark-matter-dense regions of the sky likethe Galactic Center and dwarf galaxies satellites of the Milky Way. In this work 10 years of observations of the Galactic Center with the four-telescopes H.E.S.S.-I array, five years of data taking towards the Galactic Center region with the full H.E.S.S.-II array and a two-years dataset towards newly discovered dwarf spheroidal galaxies are analyzed. The searches for dark matter annihilation signals towards these targets produced the strongest limits so far on dark matter annihilation cross section in gamma rays of TeV energies.Perspectives of dark matter detection with the future array CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array) towards the inner Galactic halo are also discussed. A study on the interpretation of an excess of gamma-rays detected by H.E.S.S. at the Galactic Center in terms of acceleration of protons by a population of unresolved millisecond pulsars complements the dark matter searches
Kronborg, Taia. "L' effet de lentilles gravitationnelles sur les supernovae du SNLS." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00562370.
Повний текст джерелаType Ia supernovae have become an essential tool of modern observational cosmology. By studying the distance-redshift relation of a large number of supernovae, the nature of dark energy can be unveiled. Distances to Type Ia SNe are however affected by gravitational lensing which can induce systematic effects in the measurement of cosmology. The majority of the supernovae is slightly demagnified whereas a small fraction is significantly magnified due to the mass distribution along the line of sight. This causes naturally an additional dispersion in the observed magnitudes. There are two different ways to estimate the magnification of a supernova. A first method consists in comparing the supernova luminosity, which is measured to about 15% precision, to the mean SN luminosity at the same redshift. Another estimate can be obtained from predicting the magnification induced by the foreground matter density modeled from the measurements of the luminosity of the galaxies with an initial prior on the mass-luminosity relation of the galaxies A correlation between these 2 estimates will make it possible to tune the initially used mass-luminosity relation resulting in an independent measurement of the dark matter clustering based on the luminosity of SNe Ia. Evidently, this measurement depends crucially on the detection of this correlation also referred to as the lensing signal. This thesis is dedicated to the measurement of the lensing signal in the SNLS 3-year sample
Bergé, Joël. "Les lentilles gravitationnelles faibles vers la cosmologie de haute précision." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112237.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at studying weak gravitational lensing as a tool for high-precision cosmology. We first present the development and validation of a precise and accurate tool for measuring gravitational shear, based on the shapelets formalism. We then use shapelets on real images for the first time, we analyze CFHTLS images, and combine them with XMM-LSS data. We measure the normalisation of the density fluctuations power spectrum sigma8, and the one of the mass-temperature relation for galaxy clusters. The analysis of the Hubble space telescope COSMOS field confirms our sigma8 measurement and introduces tomography. Finally, aiming at optimizing future surveys, we compare the individual and combined merits of cluster counts and power spectrum tomography. Our results demonstrate that next generation surveys will allow weak lensing to yield its full potential in the high-precision cosmology era
Leclercq, Florent. "Bayesian large-scale structure inference and cosmic web analysis." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066353/document.
Повний текст джерелаSurveys of the cosmic large-scale structure carry opportunities for building and testing cosmological theories about the origin and evolution of the Universe. This endeavor requires appropriate data assimilation tools, for establishing the contact between survey catalogs and models of structure formation.In this thesis, we present an innovative statistical approach for the ab initio simultaneous analysis of the formation history and morphology of the cosmic web: the BORG algorithm infers the primordial density fluctuations and produces physical reconstructions of the dark matter distribution that underlies observed galaxies, by assimilating the survey data into a cosmological structure formation model. The method, based on Bayesian probability theory, provides accurate means of uncertainty quantification.We demonstrate the application of BORG to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data and describe the primordial and late-time large-scale structure in the observed volume. We show how the approach has led to the first quantitative inference of the cosmological initial conditions and of the formation history of the observed structures. We then use these results for several cosmographic projects aiming at analyzing and classifying the large-scale structure. In particular, we build an enhanced catalog of cosmic voids probed at the level of the dark matter distribution, deeper than with the galaxies. We present detailed probabilistic maps of the dynamic cosmic web, and offer a general solution to the problem of classifying structures in the presence of uncertainty.The results described in this thesis constitute accurate chrono-cosmography of the inhomogeneous cosmic structure
Bardeau, Sébastien. "Distribution de masse d'un échantillon d'amas de galaxies déterminée par effet de lentille gravitationnelle faible." Toulouse 3, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008027.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the strongest predictions of Einstein's General Relativity is the ability of any mass to curve space-time and consequently to deflect light rays. One of its direct consequence is then the gravitational lensing effect: images of sources located in the background of a massive object lying on the line-of-sight are distorted, magnified or even splitted in multiple images. Galaxy clusters, the most massive structures in the Universe, are able to generate the strongest effect. The history, the formation process and the dynamical state of these entities are clues to understand the formation and the evolution of the Universe itself. This thesis aims at understanding and constraining the mass distribution of a sample of galaxy clusters measured from weak gravitational lensing, thanks to a statiscal study of weakly distorted objects
Prieur, Jean-Louis. "Etude de galaxies à coquilles." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915278.
Повний текст джерелаCousin, Morgane. "Formation & Evolution des galaxies par l'approche semi-analytique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968765.
Повний текст джерелаGOLSE, Ghislain. "CONTRAINTES COSMOLOGIQUES DEDUITES DES EFFETS DE LENTILLE GRAVITATIONNELLE DANS LES AMAS DE GALAXIES." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002279.
Повний текст джерелаCodis-Decara, Sandrine. "De la cosmologie à la formation des galaxies : que nous apprennent les grandes structures de l'Univers ?" Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066343/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis by publication is devoted to the theoretical understanding of the large-scale structure of the Universe and its role in the context of cosmology and galaxy formation. The birth and evolution of galaxies occur within the large cosmic highways drawn by the cosmic web and the natural question which arises is whether galaxies retain a memory of the large-scale cosmic flows from which they emerge. To address this key question, we will first show that in cosmological simulations, the spin of galaxies and the direction of their host filament are correlated in a mass-dependent way. This signal will be shown to be qualitatively understood in the context of hierarchical structure formation. An analytic model which explicitly takes into account the anisotropy of the cosmic web will complement this qualitative understanding by reproducing the measured correlations. Those ideas are important to understand the evolution of galaxy morphology but also to understand the intrinsic alignments of galaxies that contaminate cosmological probes like cosmic shear experiments. We will in particular measure this contamination directly from a state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulation. In a second part, we will address the question of how to efficiently use large-scale structure data to probe the cosmological model describing our Universe by measuring its topology and geometry and using perturbation theory in the weakly and even mildly non-linear regime. The major contribution of this work is to analytically study the effect of redshift space distortions and non-linear collapse of structures on the topology, geometry and statistics of the cosmic density field
Cadiou, Corentin. "L’impact des grandes structures de l’Univers sur la formation des halos de matière noire et des galaxies How does the cosmic web impact assembly bias? Accurate tracer particles of baryon dynamics in the adaptive mesh refinement code Ramses Galaxy evolution in the metric of the cosmic web Galaxies flowing in the oriented saddle frame of the cosmic web." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS508.
Повний текст джерелаThe anisotropic large-scale distribution of matter is made of an extended network of voids delimited by sheets, with filaments at their intersection which together form the cosmic web. Matter that will later form dark matter halos and their galaxies flows towards compact nodes at filaments' intersections and in the process, retains the imprint of the cosmic web. In this thesis, I develop a conditional version of the excursion set theory which, using a model of a large-scale filament, enables me to show that anisotropic environment have an impact on the formation history of dark matter halos. The cosmic web then has a role in the formation of halos and their galaxies. I then build a model that is able to capture the evolution of the cosmic web (halo mergers, but also filament and wall mergers) that can be used to better constrain galaxy formation models. The model predicts that an excess of anisotropic accretion is expected in filaments compared to nodes, so that the formation history of galaxies is biased. The effect of anisotropic accretion on galaxy formation is then studied using hydrodynamical simulations and a novel numerical method tailored to accurately follow the accretion history of the gas. I show that the angular momentum is transported efficiently from the cosmic web down to the inner halo, where gravitational torques redistribute it to the disk and the inner halo
Rasera, Yann. "L'histoire cosmique des baryons dans un univers hiérarchique." Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00070844.
Повний текст джерелаVallejo, Olivier. "Etude approfondie de la galaxie spirale de type floculent NGC 4414. Dynamique, milieu interstellaire et formation d'étoiles." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002865.
Повний текст джерелаLes observations interférométriques CO ne nous donne pas seulement une courbe de rotation à haute résolution, elles peuvent permettre de mesurer des mouvements non circulaires, de "streaming", qui peuvent être dus à des bras spiraux, si ceux-ci sont persistants. Aucun signe de mouvement de "streaming" n'a été trouvé, puisque les mouvements non circulaires sont 5 à 10 fois plus faibles que dans la galaxie "grand design" M 51. L'émission de la raie de H2S(1-0) n'a pas été détectée, indiquant une absence de chocs violents. Nous avons mis en évidence une différence structurale majeure entre NGC 4414 et M 51 (et d'autres galaxies du même type) en dépit d'une luminosité, d'une masse de gaz et d'un taux de formation d'étoiles semblables. Le contraste bras-interbras est plus faible dans NGC 4414, comme attendu, mais celui-ci augmente fortement en fonction du rayon dans M 51, alors qu'il reste constant dans NGC 4414. J'aboutis à la conclusion qu'il n'y a pas de structure spirale persistante dans NGC 4414.
Tisserand, Patrick. "Recherches d'astres sombres massifs du halo galactique par la technique des microlentilles gravitationnelles avec les caméras d'EROS-2." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008267.
Повний текст джерелаMaciejewski, Michal. "Structures de l'espace des phases des halos de matière noire." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066476.
Повний текст джерела