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1
Stadje, W., and S. Zacks. "ON THE UPPER FIRST-EXIT TIMES OF COMPOUND G/M PROCESSES." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 19, no. 3 (June 22, 2005): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964805050230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For a compound process with exponential jumps at renewal times, we determine, in closed form, the density of the first time an upper linear boundary is crossed. It is shown how simple formulas for the Laplace transform and the first two moments can be directly derived from this density.
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kumar, C. Ravi, and P. K. K. Nair. "Inheritance of exine ornamentation and pollen shape in the interspecific tetraploid hybrids of Gloriosa." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 3134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-413.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy of the pollen of three tetraploid (2n = 44) species, Gloriosa virescens Lindle, G. carsonii Baker, and G. richmondensis Hort., and three of their hybrids showed that the pollen in Gloriosa L. fundamentally consists of three pollen shape types, spheroidal, ellipsoidal, and spindle shaped, having monocolpate aperture and a striate exine ornamentation pattern. The three parental species can be differentiated from each other on the basis of pollen shape and their characteristic striate exine ornamentation. However, in all three hybrids the composition of pollen shape suggests maternal inheritance of the character. Furthermore, in each of the three hybrids, new exine ornamentation features have appeared which differ from those of the other hybrids and from their respective parents. All the pollen grains in each of the hybrids are uniform with the same characteristic exine ornamentation. They show no segregation of exine features into the parental categories, which would be expected if exine ornamentation was under sporophytic control. The potential of exine features as genetic markers in hybrids is discussed.
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Sevier, Carolyn S., Ora A. Weisz, Mollie Davis, and Carolyn E. Machamer. "Efficient Export of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G Protein from the Endoplasmic Reticulum Requires a Signal in the Cytoplasmic Tail That Includes Both Tyrosine-based and Di-acidic Motifs." Molecular Biology of the Cell 11, no. 1 (January 2000): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.11.1.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G protein is a model transmembrane glycoprotein that has been extensively used to study the exocytotic pathway. A signal in the cytoplasmic tail of VSV G (DxE or Asp-x-Glu, where x is any amino acid) was recently proposed to mediate efficient export of the protein from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this study, we show that the DxE motif only partially accounts for efficient ER exit of VSV G. We have identified a six-amino-acid signal, which includes the previously identified Asp and Glu residues, that is required for efficient exit of VSV G from the ER. This six-residue signal also includes the targeting sequence YxxØ (where x is any amino acid and Ø is a bulky, hydrophobic residue) implicated in several different sorting pathways. The only defect in VSV G proteins with mutations in the six-residue signal is slow exit from the ER; folding and oligomerization in the ER are normal, and the mutants eventually reach the plasma membrane. Addition of this six-residue motif to an inefficiently transported reporter protein is sufficient to confer an enhanced ER export rate. The signal we have identified is highly conserved among divergent VSV G proteins, and we suggest this reflects the importance of this motif in the evolution of VSV G as a proficient exocytic protein.
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Kritayakirana, Krisada, and J. Christian Gerdes. "Autonomous Cornering at the Limits: Maximizing a “g-g” Diagram by Using Feedforward Trail-Braking and Throttle-on-Exit." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43, no. 7 (July 2010): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20100712-3-de-2013.00060.
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Lim, Sun-Young, and Hiramitsu Suzuki. "Dose-Response Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid Ethyl Ester on Maze Behavior and Brain Fatty Acid Composition in Adult Mice." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 72, no. 2 (March 1, 2002): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.72.2.77.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dose-response effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) ethyl ester (EE) on maze-learning ability in mice was studied. Male Crj:CD-1 mice aged three months were fed a) a diet containing 5 g palm oil/100 g diet (control group); b) a diet containing 0.5 g DHA ethyl ester/100 g diet plus 4.5 g palm oil/100g diet (DHA-EE 0.5% group); c) a diet containing 1g DHA ethyl ester/100 g diet plus 4g palm oil/100 g diet (DHA-EE 1% group); d) a diet containing 2 g DHA ethyl ester/100 g diet plus 3 g palm oil/100 g diet (DHA-EE 2% group) for four months. Maze-learning ability was assessed three months after the start of the experiment. The time required to reach the maze exit and the number of times that a mouse strayed into blind alleys in the maze were measured in three trials, performed every four days. In trial 1, the DHA-EE 0.5%, 1% and 2% groups required less (p < 0.05) time to reach the maze exit, and the DHA-EE 2% group strayed (p < 0.05) into blind alleys fewer times than the control group. In trial 3 performed four days after the second trial, the DHA-EE 2% group needed less (p < 0.05) time to find the exit and spent a fewer (p < 0.05) number of times in blind alleys than did the control group. In the total lipids of plasma and brain of mice fed DHA, increasing intakes of DHA resulted in an increase in DHA levels, with a corresponding decrease in arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6). Improved maze-learning ability in mice fed DHA-EE 2% was associated with higher DHA levels in brain. Our results suggest that there are no linear dose-response effects of DHA on maze-learning ability, however, the intake of DHA-EE 2% diet improves learning ability in adult mice as demonstrated by maze performance.
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BROWNLOWE, NATHAN, TOKE MEIER CARLSEN, and MICHAEL F. WHITTAKER. "Graph algebras and orbit equivalence." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 37, no. 2 (August 25, 2015): 389–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2015.52.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We introduce the notion of orbit equivalence of directed graphs, following Matsumoto’s notion of continuous orbit equivalence for topological Markov shifts. We show that two graphs in which every cycle has an exit are orbit equivalent if and only if there is a diagonal-preserving isomorphism between their $C^{\ast }$-algebras. We show that it is necessary to assume that every cycle has an exit for the forward implication, but that the reverse implication holds for arbitrary graphs. As part of our analysis of arbitrary graphs $E$ we construct a groupoid ${\mathcal{G}}_{(C^{\ast }(E),{\mathcal{D}}(E))}$ from the graph algebra $C^{\ast }(E)$ and its diagonal subalgebra ${\mathcal{D}}(E)$ which generalises Renault’s Weyl groupoid construction applied to $(C^{\ast }(E),{\mathcal{D}}(E))$. We show that ${\mathcal{G}}_{(C^{\ast }(E),{\mathcal{D}}(E))}$ recovers the graph groupoid ${\mathcal{G}}_{E}$ without the assumption that every cycle in $E$ has an exit, which is required to apply Renault’s results to $(C^{\ast }(E),{\mathcal{D}}(E))$. We finish with applications of our results to out-splittings of graphs and to amplified graphs.
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Chu, Kwok Hong, Wai Yee Choy, Chi Chung William Cheung, Ka Shun Fung, Hon Lok Tang, William Lee, Au Cheuk, Ka Fai Yim, Wai Han Hilda Chan, and Kwok Lung Matthew Tong. "A Prospective Study of the Efficacy of Local Application of Gentamicin versus Mupirocin in the Prevention of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter-Related Infections." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 28, no. 5 (September 2008): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080802800514.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related infections are the major cause of technique failure. Exit-site infections (ESI) can be prevented by local application of antibiotics. Mupirocin (M) is the most extensively studied drug for this application. Long-term use can result in the development of resistance. Gentamicin (G) is an attractive alternative, with both gram-positive and gram-negative activities. We studied the comparative efficacy of G cream versus M ointment in the prevention of PD-related infections in a Chinese cohort. Methods This was a prospective study of adult PD patients of the Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong. Patients were excluded if they had active infection, recent ESI or peritonitis, history of allergy to either drug, or were unable to apply the drug or give consent. Patients were taught to apply the drug daily to the exit site after routine exit-site care. Records were tracked prospectively during hospital admissions and clinic follow-ups. Results 95 patients were recruited; 14 discontinued the study. The ESI rates were 0.38 and 0.20 episodes/patient-year for the G group and the M group respectively ( p = 0.36). Gram-positive ESI rates were 0.18 and 0 episodes/patient-year for the G group and the M group respectively. Gram-negative ESI rates were 0.20 episodes/patient-year for both groups ( p = 0.62). The overall peritonitis rates were similar in the two groups ( p = 0.91). Discussion In addition to good perioperative care and strict exit-site care, local antibiotic application can prevent ESI. Mupirocin has been extensively studied and shown to be effective. Similar if not superior effects of G cream have been demonstrated. In this study, neither antibiotic gave significantly better results in the prevention of either ESI or peritonitis. Conclusions Both gentamicin and mupirocin were effective as prophylaxis for ESI. Longer study is required to determine the long-term efficacy and the potential beneficial effect on the prevention of peritonitis.
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Troshkina, V. I. "A new form of Geranium transbaicalicum (Geraniaceae) from the East Transbaikalia." Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 53 (2022): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2022.53.69.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new form Geranium transbaicalicum Serg. subsp. transbaicalicum f. albiflorum Troshkina is described from the East Transbaikalia. The new form differs from the type form of G. transbaicalicum in the color of petals, the length of sepals and their awns, and from G. transbaicalicum subsp. turczaninovii also in the character of pubescence of the sepals, as well as the structure of the surface of the exine of pollen grains. Diagnostic characters of G. transbaicalicum f. transbaicalicum, G. transbaicalicum f. albiflorum, G. transbaicalicum subsp. turczaninovii (Serg.) Peschkova are given in the Table and in the Figure.
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Adames, Neil R., Jessica R. Oberle, and John A. Cooper. "The Surveillance Mechanism of the Spindle Position Checkpoint in Yeast." Journal of Cell Biology 153, no. 1 (April 2, 2001): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.153.1.159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The spindle position checkpoint in Saccharomyces cerevisiae delays mitotic exit until the spindle has moved into the mother–bud neck, ensuring that each daughter cell inherits a nucleus. The small G protein Tem1p is critical in promoting mitotic exit and is concentrated at the spindle pole destined for the bud. The presumed nucleotide exchange factor for Tem1p, Lte1p, is concentrated in the bud. These findings suggested the hypothesis that movement of the spindle pole through the neck allows Tem1p to interact with Lte1p, promoting GTP loading of Tem1p and mitotic exit. However, we report that deletion of LTE1 had little effect on the timing of mitotic exit. We also examined several mutants in which some cells inappropriately exit mitosis even though the spindle is within the mother. In some of these cells, the spindle pole body did not interact with the bud or the neck before mitotic exit. Thus, some alternative mechanism must exist to coordinate mitotic exit with spindle position. In both wild-type and mutant cells, mitotic exit was preceded by loss of cytoplasmic microtubules from the neck. Thus, the spindle position checkpoint may monitor such interactions.
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Vas, Stephen, Joanne Bargman, and Dimitrios G. Oreopoulos. "Treatment in Pd Patients of Peritonitis Caused by Gram-Positive Organisms with Single Daily Dose of Antibiotics." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 17, no. 1 (January 1997): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089701700121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was a retrospective case analysis of treatment results of peritonitis in PD patients caused by gram-positive organisms in two different but comparable periods. Cases were entered, regardless of status of exit site, or whether it was the patient's first or subsequent peritonitis episode. Failure was defined as either recurrence of peritonitis (with same organism within four weeks of cessation of treatment) or the therapeutic decision to remove the catheter. Cefazolin used in doses of 1.5 g once a day intraperitoneally (1.0 g if body weight was < 50 kg) with initial tobramycin until culture results became available resulted in a 77% overall cure rate compared to 74% cure in a similar group treated with vancomycin 2.0 g IP weekly (1.0 g if body weight < 50 kg). Peritonitis caused by methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci showed a high failure rate; the change to vancomycin after the initial treatment of these cases would be justified. The cure rate of peritonitis caused by S. aureus is disappointingly low (58% with vancomycin, 67% with cefazolin). This is due to the high rate of exit-site infections with this organism.
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BEVERIDGE, ANDREW. "A Hitting Time Formula for the Discrete Green's Function." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 25, no. 3 (June 29, 2015): 362–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548315000152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The discrete Green's function (without boundary)$\mathbb{G}$is a pseudo-inverse of the combinatorial Laplace operator of a graphG= (V, E). We reveal the intimate connection between Green's function and the theory of exact stopping rules for random walks on graphs. We give an elementary formula for Green's function in terms of state-to-state hitting times of the underlying graph. Namely,$\mathbb{G}(i,j) = \pi_j \bigl( H(\pi,j) - H(i,j) \bigr),$where πiis the stationary distribution at vertexi,H(i, j) is the expected hitting time for a random walk starting from vertexito first reach vertexj, andH(π,j) = ∑k∈VπkH(k, j). This formula also holds for the digraph Laplace operator.The most important characteristics of a stopping rule are its exit frequencies, which are the expected number of exits of a given vertex before the rule halts the walk. We show that Green's function is, in fact, a matrix of exit frequencies plus a rank one matrix. In the undirected case, we derive spectral formulas for Green's function and for some mixing measures arising from stopping rules. Finally, we further explore the exit frequency matrix point of view, and discuss a natural generalization of Green's function for any distribution τ defined on the vertex set of the graph.
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Varandas, Katherine C., Roshanak Irannejad, and Mark von Zastrow. "Retromer Endosome Exit Domains Serve Multiple Trafficking Destinations and Regulate Local G Protein Activation by GPCRs." Current Biology 26, no. 23 (December 2016): 3129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.052.
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RAO, M. "The exit of some human dipliod fibroblasts (WI-38 cells) from the cell cycle in early G." Cell Biology International Reports 10, no. 5 (May 1986): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1651(86)90007-x.
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Chambliss, Oyette L., and A. Gene Hunter. "SELECTING VIGNA UNGUICULATA GERMPLASM FOR RESISTANCE TO COWPEA CURCULIO AND OTHER POD-DAMAGING INSECTS." HortScience 30, no. 3 (June 1995): 443a—443. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.443a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Correlation analysis was used as an aid in developing a scoring system to determine superior lines among 288 entries evaluated for resistance to cowpea curculio, southern green stink bug, and leaffooted bug. The following selection criteria were used (min/max values): days to harvest (58 to 111); sound pods (17% to 100%); curculio larval weight (3.3 to 10.4 mg) and mortality (0% to 80%); larval exit holes per pod (0.0 to 2.2) in a random sample of 25 pods; larval exit holes per pod (0.0 to 8.6) in a 10-pod sample selected for presence of punctures; punctures per pod (one to 15); punctures per exit hole (one to 14); exit holes per puncture (zero to one); curculio damaged seed (0% to 93%); stinkbug damaged seed (0% to 71%); sound seed (0% to 98%); pod length (8 to 25 cm); pod weight (1.3 to 9.2 g); seed per pod (five to 19); and average seed weight (10 to 327 mg). Lines ranking best for pod insect resistance were UCR212 = BAMBEY-5, UCR306 = IT82D-713, UCR194 = BBR-42, PI-218122, UCR90 = T W-3046, UCR200 = 24-lA, PI-115679, PI-145198, AU9lP3 = CCR-20, UCR202 (BROWN SEED), and IT83S-911.
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Ye, Fan, Andrew R. Nager, and Maxence V. Nachury. "BBSome trains remove activated GPCRs from cilia by enabling passage through the transition zone." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 5 (February 26, 2018): 1847–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201709041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A diffusion barrier at the transition zone enables the compartmentalization of signaling molecules by cilia. The BBSome and the small guanosine triphosphatase Arl6, which triggers BBSome coat polymerization, are required for the exit of activated signaling receptors from cilia, but how diffusion barriers are crossed when membrane proteins exit cilia remains to be determined. In this study, we found that activation of the ciliary G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) Smoothened and SSTR3 drove the Arl6-dependent assembly of large, highly processive, and cargo-laden retrograde BBSome trains. Single-molecule imaging revealed that the assembly of BBSome trains enables the lateral transport of ciliary GPCRs across the transition zone. However, the removal of activated GPCRs from cilia was inefficient because a second periciliary diffusion barrier was infrequently crossed. We conclude that exit from cilia is a two-step process in which BBSome/Arl6 trains first move activated GPCRs through the transition zone before a periciliary barrier can be crossed.
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Dube, Parijat, Fabrice Guillemin, and Ravi R. Mazumdar. "Scale functions of Lévy processes and busy periods of finite-capacity M/GI/1 queues." Journal of Applied Probability 41, no. 4 (December 2004): 1145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1101840559.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper we use the exit time theory for Lévy processes to derive new closed-form results for the busy period distribution of finite-capacity fluid M/G/1 queues. Based on this result, we then obtain the busy period distribution for finite-capacity queues with on–off inputs when the off times are exponentially distributed.
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Dube, Parijat, Fabrice Guillemin, and Ravi R. Mazumdar. "Scale functions of Lévy processes and busy periods of finite-capacity M/GI/1 queues." Journal of Applied Probability 41, no. 04 (December 2004): 1145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200020908.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper we use the exit time theory for Lévy processes to derive new closed-form results for the busy period distribution of finite-capacity fluid M/G/1 queues. Based on this result, we then obtain the busy period distribution for finite-capacity queues with on–off inputs when the off times are exponentially distributed.
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Neupane, Bishnu Prasad, Prem Nidhi Sharma, Sunil Aryal, and Jiban Shrestha. "Evaluation of Locally Available Botanicals for the Management of Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.) in Room Storage Condition." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2022 (October 26, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3362779.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From April to July 2019, an experiment was conducted in Khumaltar, Lalitpur (27°39.312′N, 85° 19.586′E, and 1322 m above sea level) to assess the effectiveness of plant materials on maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.) control under laboratory conditions (maintained room temperature of 28.5 ± 2°C, and relative humidity of 72 ± 5%) treatments were Acorus calamus (rhizome powder) @ 5 g·kg−1, Melia azadirach (rhizome powder) seed) @ 5 g·kg−1, Curcuma domestica (rhizome powder) @ 5 g·kg−1, mustard oil @ 2 mL·kg−1, Gingiber officinalis (rhizome powder) @ 5 g·kg−1, rice husk ash @ 5 g·kg−1, and an untreated control. These treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. At four months, the grains treated with Acorus calamus had the least weight loss (6.66%), and grain damage (1.23%). Grain damage (18%), and weight loss (62.33%) were the highest in the control treatment. Similarly, grains treated with Acorus calamus had the fewest number of exit holes (3.10 per 100 g of maize seed), while the control treatment had the largest number of exit holes (45.10 per 100 g of maize seed). There was a significantly higher number of weevils in the control treatment (55.80 per 250 g maize grains), but only a few numbers of weevils in the Acorus calamus-treated grains (2.50 per 250 g maize grains). In contrast with other plant materials treated grains, the maize weevil showed a reduced preference for Acorus calamus- treated grains with low weight loss, and grain damage. These findings can be used to promote locally accessible botanicals for maize weevil control in Nepal.
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Wu, Jian, Cuiji Zhou, James Li, Chun Li, Xiaorong Tao, Neocles B. Leontis, Craig L. Zirbel, David M. Bisaro, and Biao Ding. "Functional analysis reveals G/U pairs critical for replication and trafficking of an infectious non-coding viroid RNA." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 6 (February 21, 2020): 3134–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract While G/U pairs are present in many RNAs, the lack of molecular studies to characterize the roles of multiple G/U pairs within a single RNA limits our understanding of their biological significance. From known RNA 3D structures, we observed that the probability a G/U will form a Watson–Crick (WC) base pair depends on sequence context. We analyzed 17 G/U pairs in the 359-nucleotide genome of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), a circular non-coding RNA that replicates and spreads systemically in host plants. Most putative G/U base pairs were experimentally supported by selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE). Deep sequencing PSTVd genomes from plants inoculated with a cloned master sequence revealed naturally occurring variants, and showed that G/U pairs are maintained to the same extent as canonical WC base pairs. Comprehensive mutational analysis demonstrated that nearly all G/U pairs are critical for replication and/or systemic spread. Two selected G/U pairs were found to be required for PSTVd entry into, but not for exit from, the host vascular system. This study identifies critical roles for G/U pairs in the survival of an infectious RNA, and increases understanding of structure-based regulation of replication and trafficking of pathogen and cellular RNAs.
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Donahue, William Collins. "Das bittere Brot: H. G. Adler, Elias Canetti und Franz Baermann Steiner im Londoner Exil by Jeremy Adler." Journal of Austrian Studies 49, no. 3-4 (2016): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/oas.2016.0082.
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Bao, Jianrong, Bin Jiang, and Chao Liu. "Optimized Construction of Protograph G-LDPC Codes by Modified EXIT Chart and MACE for New-Generation Wireless Communications." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 58139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2873058.
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Boyd-Barrett, Oliver. "Book Review: Obama, the Media, and Framing the U.S. Exit from Iraq and Afghanistan, by Erika G. King." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 91, no. 4 (November 9, 2014): 839–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699014554765b.
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Dominé, Marco, and Volkmar Pieper. "First Passage Time Distribution of a Two-Dimensional Wiener Process with Drift." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 7, no. 4 (October 1993): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800003120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The two-dimensional correlated Wiener process (or Brownian motion) with drift is considered. The Fokker-Planck (or Kolmogorov forward) equation for the Wiener process (X1(t), X2(t)) is solved under absorbing boundary conditions on the lines x1= h1 and x2 = h2 and a fixed starting point (x0,1, x0,2). The first passage (or first exit) time when the process leaves the domain G = ( −∞, h1) × ( −∞, h2) is derived.
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Caroline Aparecida de Souza, Pamela Pfundner, Gabriel da Rosa Schroeder, Nilton Paulo Vieira Júnior, Enderlei Dec, and Denise Monique Dubet da Silva Mouga. "Caracterização polínica de espécies ornamentais." Acta Biológica Catarinense 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/abc.v6i1.213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A morfologia polínica descrita para plantas ornamentais é escassa. Visando à caracterização palinológica, o presente trabalho analisa os grãos de pólen das espécies Asparagus setaceus, Etlingera elatior, Dianthus chinensis, Ipomoea horsfalliae, Callianthe darwinii, Galphimia gracilis, Schizocentron elegans e Fuchsia regia subsp. serrae. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolisados, montados em lâminas, observados, medidos e fotografados em microscópio de luz e em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Foram calculados os valores médios da espessura da exina, do diâmetro polar e do diâmetro equatorial de 25 grãos para cada espécie. A descrição fez-se pelas aberturas, âmbito, forma, simetria, unidade polínica, ornamentação e polaridade. Os grãos de todas as espécies são mônades, com simetria radial (A. setaceus, simetria bilateral), pantoaperturados (D. chinensis e I. horsfalliae), triporados (C. darwinii), tri e tetraporados (F. regia subsp. serrae), tritetracolporados (G. gracilis), tricolporados (S. elegans), inaperturados (E. elatior), isopolares (A. setaceus, heteropolares; I. horsfalliae, E. eliator, apolares), de tamanho médio (I. horsfalliae, C. darwinii, F. regia subsp. serrae, E. elatior, grande; G. gracilis e S. elegans, pequeno) e forma prolato-esferoidal (I. horsfalliae, esferoidal; F. regia subsp. serrae, peroblato). A exina variou entre microequinada, equinada, reticulada, escabrada, psilada, perfurada e microperfurada. Os dados obtidos constituem uma contribuição à caracterização morfológica dos táxons.
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Aparecida de Souza, Caroline, Pamela Pfundner, Gabriel Da Rosa Schroeder, Nilton Paulo Vieira Júnior, Enderlei Dec, and Denise Monique Dubet Da Silva Mouga. "Caracterização polínica de espécies ornamentais." Acta Biológica Catarinense 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/abc.v6i1.821.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A morfologia polínica descrita para plantas ornamentais é escassa. Visando à caracterização palinológica, o presente trabalho analisa os grãos de pólen das espécies Asparagus setaceus, Etlingera elatior, Dianthus chinensis, Ipomoea horsfalliae, Callianthe darwinii, Galphimia gracilis, Schizocentron elegans e Fuchsia regia subsp. serrae. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolisados, montados em lâminas, observados, medidos e fotografados em microscópio de luz e em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Foram calculados os valores médios da espessura da exina, do diâmetro polar e do diâmetro equatorial de 25 grãos para cada espécie. A descrição fez-se pelas aberturas, âmbito, forma, simetria, unidade polínica, ornamentação e polaridade. Os grãos de todas as espécies são mônades, com simetria radial (A. setaceus, simetria bilateral), pantoaperturados (D. chinensis e I. horsfalliae), triporados (C. darwinii), tri e tetraporados (F. regia subsp. serrae), tritetracolporados (G. gracilis), tricolporados (S. elegans), inaperturados (E. elatior), isopolares (A. setaceus, heteropolares; I. horsfalliae, E. eliator, apolares), de tamanho médio (I. horsfalliae, C. darwinii, F. regia subsp. serrae, E. elatior, grande; G. gracilis e S. elegans, pequeno) e forma prolato-esferoidal (I. horsfalliae, esferoidal; F. regia subsp. serrae, peroblato). A exina variou entre microequinada, equinada, reticulada, escabrada, psilada, perfurada e microperfurada. Os dados obtidos constituem uma contribuição à caracterização morfológica dos táxons.
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Sawardsuk, Prueksa, Jiraporn Sripinyowanich Jongyingcharoen, and Ekkapong Cheevitsopon. "Experimental investigation of air characteristics during dehumidification in the multilayer desiccant bed column system." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819203012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The gold of this research is to investigate air characteristics during dehumidification process using the multilayer desiccant bed. Silica gel packing in the multilayer column was used as a desiccant material. Airflow direction in the column was designed in a zigzag path passing each desiccant layer. The changes in temperature and relative humidity of exit air were recorded after dehumidification at different airflow rates of 18, 36, and 72 m3/h. In the desiccant regeneration process, moisture in silica gel was removed by 85°C of hot air at varied airflow rates. The characteristics of exit air after regeneration were also monitored. The result revealed that air humidity ratio was significantly decreased using multilayer desiccant bed column. The highest rates of air dehumidification and desiccant regeneration were observed in the first 5 min operation. The highest air dehumidification rate was 12.82 g/min at the airflow rate of 72 m3/h and the highest regeneration rate of desiccant was 6.70 g/min at the airflow rate of 72 m3/h. In addition, the dual column of multilayer desiccant bed can be successfully applied to cyclic operation of dehumidification and regeneration when the cycle time were 5 min and airflow rate 36 and 72 m3/h.
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Chaudhary, Ekta, Prabhawati Tiwari, and Prem Lal Uniyal. "Morphology and Pollen Chemistry of Several Bee Forage Taxa of Family Rosaceae from Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India." Journal of Apicultural Science 62, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2018-0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Pollen grains vary widely in pollen shape, size, aperture type and exine sculpture among the taxa and within the taxon, which make them taxonomically important. They also contain several proteins, lipids and vitamins which are essential for the growth and developments of developing bee larvae. Quantification of these chemical constituents is important for the dietary purposes of honey bees. The present study deals with the morphology and chemical constituents of hand-collected pollen from four bee forage plants viz. Prunus cerasoides D.Don, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don and Rosa brunonii Lindl. from Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand. The family represents a homogenous group with a tricolporate pollen aperture type in all the studied taxa. Pollen shape varied from sub-prolate to prolate-spheroidal with a smaller pollen size observed in Pyrus pashia (26.53±0.30 µm polar view and 24.20±1.04 µm equatorial view) and a larger one in Prunus persica (38.39±3.06 µm polar view and 36.41±1.34 µm equatorial view). Exine sculpture was psilate to striato-reticulate. Maximum crude protein (68.33±0.14 mg/g) and starch content (32.98±0.67 mg/g) were recorded in pollen of Prunus cerasoides and maximum free amino acid (13.78±0.71 mg/g) in Pyrus pashia. All chemical constituents were found to be significant except the amino acids which were non-significant at the 0.05* level. Results showed that pollen grains of these Rosaceous members contained high amount of crude protein and phenolic content as a bee food source for brood, which makes this family economically important.
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Roy, Deepankar, Kefei Yu, and Michael R. Lieber. "Mechanism of R-Loop Formation at Immunoglobulin Class Switch Sequences." Molecular and Cellular Biology 28, no. 1 (October 22, 2007): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01251-07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT R-loops have been described in vivo at the immunoglobulin class switch sequences and at prokaryotic and mitochondrial origins of replication. However, the biochemical mechanism and determinants of R-loop formation are unclear. We find that R-loop formation is nearly eliminated when RNase T1 is added during transcription but not when it is added afterward. Hence, rather than forming simply as an extension of the RNA-DNA hybrid of normal transcription, the RNA must exit the RNA polymerase and compete with the nontemplate DNA strand for an R-loop to form. R-loops persist even when transcription is done in Li+ or Cs+, which do not support G-quartet formation. Hence, R-loop formation does not rely on G-quartet formation. R-loop formation efficiency decreases as the number of switch repeats is decreased, although a very low level of R-loop formation occurs at even one 49-bp switch repeat. R-loop formation decreases sharply as G clustering is reduced, even when G density is kept constant. The critical level for R-loop formation is approximately the same point to which evolution drove the G clustering and G density on the nontemplate strand of mammalian switch regions. This provides an independent basis for concluding that the primary function of G clustering, in the context of high G density, is R-loop formation.
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Frank, Guillermo A., and Claudio O. Dorso. "Evacuation under limited visibility." International Journal of Modern Physics C 26, no. 01 (January 2015): 1550005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183115500059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A multiplicity of situations can trigger off an evacuation of a room under panic conditions. For "normal" (with "normal" meaning absence of obstacles, perfect visibility, etc.) environmental conditions, the "faster is slower" effect dominates the dynamics of this process. It states that as the pedestrians desire to reach the exit increases, the clogging phenomena delays the time to get out of the room. But, environmental conditions are usually far from "normal." In this work, we consider that pedestrians have to find their way out under low visibility conditions. Some of them might switch to a herding-like behavior if they do not remember where the exit was. Others will just trust on their memory. Our investigation handles the herding and memory effects on the evacuation of a single exit room with no obstacles. We also include a section on how signaling devices affect the evacuation process. Unexpectedly, some low visibility situations may enhance the evacuation performance. This can be resumed as a second paradoxical result, since we demonstrated in an earlier investigation that "clever is not always better" G. A. Frank and C. O. Dorso, Physica A 390, 2135 (2011).
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Pereira, Gislene, Claire Manson, Joan Grindlay, and Elmar Schiebel. "Regulation of the Bfa1p–Bub2p complex at spindle pole bodies by the cell cycle phosphatase Cdc14p." Journal of Cell Biology 157, no. 3 (April 22, 2002): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200112085.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The budding yeast mitotic exit network (MEN) is a GTPase-driven signal transduction cascade that controls the release of the phosphatase Cdc14p from the nucleolus in anaphase and thereby drives mitotic exit. We show that Cdc14p is partially released from the nucleolus in early anaphase independent of the action of the MEN components Cdc15p, Dbf2p, and Tem1p. Upon release, Cdc14p binds to the spindle pole body (SPB) via association with the Bfa1p–Bub2p GTPase activating protein complex, which is known to regulate the activity of the G protein Tem1p. Cdc14p also interacts with this GTPase. The association of the MEN component Mob1p with the SPB acts as a marker of MEN activation. The simultaneous binding of Cdc14p and Mob1p to the SPB in early anaphase suggests that Cdc14p initially activates the MEN. In a second, later step, which coincides with mitotic exit, Cdc14p reactivates the Bfa1p–Bub2p complex by dephosphorylating Bfa1p. This inactivates the MEN and displaces Mob1p from SPBs. These data indicate that Cdc14p activates the MEN in early anaphase but later inactivates it through Bfa1p dephosphorylation and so restricts MEN activity to a short period in anaphase.
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Plutner, H., H. W. Davidson, J. Saraste, and W. E. Balch. "Morphological analysis of protein transport from the ER to Golgi membranes in digitonin-permeabilized cells: role of the P58 containing compartment." Journal of Cell Biology 119, no. 5 (December 1, 1992): 1097–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.119.5.1097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The glycoside digitonin was used to selectively permeabilize the plasma membrane exposing functionally and morphologically intact ER and Golgi compartments. Permeabilized cells efficiently transported vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) through sealed, membrane-bound compartments in an ATP and cytosol dependent fashion. Transport was vectorial. VSV-G protein was first transported to punctate structures which colocalized with p58 (a putative marker for peripheral punctate pre-Golgi intermediates and the cis-Golgi network) before delivery to the medial Golgi compartments containing alpha-1,2-mannosidase II and processing of VSV-G to endoglycosidase H resistant forms. Exit from the ER was inhibited by an antibody recognizing the carboxyl-terminus of VSV-G. In contrast, VSV-G protein colocalized with p58 in the absence of Ca2+ or the presence of an antibody which inhibits the transport component NSF (SEC18). These studies demonstrate that digitonin permeabilized cells can be used to efficiently reconstitute the early secretory pathway in vitro, allowing a direct comparison of the morphological and biochemical events involved in vesicular tafficking, and identifying a key role for the p58 containing compartment in ER to Golgi transport.
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Ang, Agnes Lee, Tomohiko Taguchi, Stephen Francis, Heike Fölsch, Lindsay J. Murrells, Marc Pypaert, Graham Warren, and Ira Mellman. "Recycling endosomes can serve as intermediates during transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane of MDCK cells." Journal of Cell Biology 167, no. 3 (November 8, 2004): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200408165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The AP-1B clathrin adaptor complex is responsible for the polarized transport of many basolateral membrane proteins in epithelial cells. Localization of AP-1B to recycling endosomes (REs) along with other components (exocyst subunits and Rab8) involved in AP-1B–dependent transport suggested that RE might be an intermediate between the Golgi and the plasma membrane. Although the involvement of endosomes in the secretory pathway has long been suspected, we now present direct evidence using four independent methods that REs play a role in basolateral transport in MDCK cells. Newly synthesized AP-1B–dependent cargo, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G (VSV-G), was found by video microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, and cell fractionation to enter transferrin-positive REs within a few minutes after exit from the trans-Golgi network. Although transient, RE entry appears essential because enzymatic inactivation of REs blocked VSV-G delivery to the cell surface. Because an apically targeted VSV-G mutant behaved similarly, these results suggest that REs not only serve as an intermediate but also as a common site for polarized sorting on the endocytic and secretory pathways.
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Weinstein, Alan M. "A mathematical model of the inner medullary collecting duct of the rat: acid/base transport." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 274, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): F856—F867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1998.274.5.f856.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A mathematical model of the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) of the rat has been developed that is suitable for simulating luminal buffer titration and ammonia secretion by this nephron segment. Luminal proton secretion has been assigned to an H-K-ATPase, which has been represented by adapting the kinetic model of the gastric enzyme by Brzezinski et al. (P. Brzezinski, B. G. Malmstrom, P. Lorentzon, and B. Wallmark. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 942: 215–219, 1988). In shifting to a 2 H+:1 ATP stoichiometry, the model enzyme can acidify the tubule lumen ∼3 pH units below that of the cytosol, when luminal K+ is in abundance. Peritubular base exit is a combination of ammonia recycling and[Formula: see text] flux (either via[Formula: see text] exchange or via a Cl− channel). Ammonia recycling involves[Formula: see text] uptake on the Na-K-ATPase followed by diffusive NH3 exit [S. M. Wall. Am. J. Physiol. 270 ( Renal Physiol. 39): F432–F439, 1996]; model calculations suggest that this is the principal mode of base exit. By virtue of this mechanism, the model also suggests that realistic elevations in peritubular K+ concentration will compromise IMCD acid secretion. Although ammonia recycling is insensitive to carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibition, the base exit linked to [Formula: see text] flux provides a CA-sensitive component to acid secretion. In model simulations, it is observed that increased luminal NaCl entry increases ammonia cycling but decreases peritubular [Formula: see text]exchange (due to increased cell Cl−). This parallel system of peritubular base exit stabilizes acid secretion in the face of variable Na+ reabsorption.
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Miller, S. J., R. Bencini, and P. E. Hartmann. "Composition of the milk of the quokka (Setonix brachyurus)." Australian Journal of Zoology 57, no. 1 (2009): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigated the composition of the milk of the quokka between 70 and 300 days post partum. From 70 to 180 days, the mean concentration of protein in the milk was 63.5 ± 6.50 g L−1. The protein levels then began to increase, peaking at 120 g L−1 towards the end of lactation. The mean lipid and total solids content were 45.0 ± 6.50 and 175.0 ± 11.77 g L−1 from 70–180 days, increasing to 150 and 250 g L−1 after permanent pouch exit. In contrast, the total carbohydrate concentration of the milk decreased from 80 to 20 g L−1 at 150 days. The concentration of lactose started to decrease at 180 days from 30 to 10 g L−1, and galactose and glucose began to rise from 1 to 9 g L−1 and 0.5 to 4.0 g L−1, respectively. The milk lipid consisted mainly of long- and medium-chain fatty acids, with no short-chain fatty acids detected. The major fatty acids present were palmitic and oleic acids, followed by linoleic, trans-vaccenic and stearic acids. The percentage composition of oleic and stearic acids varied significantly during lactation. The composition of the milk of the quokka changed during lactation, coincident with the young reaching critical milestones in its development. This finding supports the hypothesis that the composition of the milk changes to meet the nutritional needs of the developing young.
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Kamarani, Halus Satriawan, Laila Nazirah, and Ernawita. "The Growth and Production of Several Upland Rice Varieties Under Shaded Conditions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1012, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1012/1/012066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The research aims to analyse the growth and production of several upland rice varieties under shaded conditions. Factorial randomized block design was used in this study, and treatments were as follows: Shading (N) which consisted of 3 levels of treatments, namely N0 (un-shaded), N1 (30% shaded), N2 (60% shaded); and upland rice varieties (G) which were consisted of G1 (Ciherang), G2 (Situ Bagendit), G3 (Kabir 07) and G4 (Malaysian upland rice). Results showed that low light intensity due to shading treatments supressed plant height growth, reduced the number of productive tillers, delayed flowering time and reduced grain yield. Significant difference were observed in the panicle number, panicle length, grain weight and plant dry weight parameters, but showed no significant effect on plant height, tiller numbers, panicle exit age and total grain content. While variety treatments showed significant differences in the parameters of 15 and 30 DAP (days after planting), panicle numbers and plant dry weight. However, difference in showed insignificant effect on plant height 45 DAP (days after planting), tiller numbers, panicle exit age, panicle length, and grain weight. It is also reported that interactions were observed between treatments on all parameter observed, except on panicle exit age.
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Sato, Shoko, Yoshimasa Takizawa, Fumika Hoshikawa, Mariko Dacher, Hiroki Tanaka, Hiroaki Tachiwana, Tomoya Kujirai, et al. "Cryo-EM structure of the nucleosome core particle containing Giardia lamblia histones." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 15 (August 5, 2021): 8934–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab644.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Giardia lamblia is a pathogenic unicellular eukaryotic parasite that causes giardiasis. Its genome encodes the canonical histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, which share low amino acid sequence identity with their human orthologues. We determined the structure of the G. lamblia nucleosome core particle (NCP) at 3.6 Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy. G. lamblia histones form a characteristic NCP, in which the visible 125 base-pair region of the DNA is wrapped in a left-handed supercoil. The acidic patch on the G. lamblia octamer is deeper, due to an insertion extending the H2B α1 helix and L1 loop, and thus cannot bind the LANA acidic patch binding peptide. The DNA and histone regions near the DNA entry-exit sites could not be assigned, suggesting that these regions are asymmetrically flexible in the G. lamblia NCP. Characterization by thermal unfolding in solution revealed that both the H2A–H2B and DNA association with the G. lamblia H3–H4 were weaker than those for human H3–H4. These results demonstrate the uniformity of the histone octamer as the organizing platform for eukaryotic chromatin, but also illustrate the unrecognized capability for large scale sequence variations that enable the adaptability of histone octamer surfaces and confer internal stability.
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Gonzalez, Andres, Adam Boies, Jacob Swanson, and David Kittelson. "Measuring the Air Quality Using Low-Cost Air Sensors in a Parking Garage at University of Minnesota, USA." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 15223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215223.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concentration of air pollutants in underground parking garages has been found to be higher compared to ambient air. Vehicle emissions from cold starts are the main sources of air pollution in underground parking garages. Eight days of measurements, using low-cost air sensors, were conducted at one underground parking garage at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. The CO, NO, NO2, and PM2.5 daily average concentrations in the parking garage were measured to be higher, by up to more than an order of magnitude, compared to the ambient concentration. There is positive correlation between exit traffic flow and the air concentrations in the parking garage for lung deposited surface area (LDSA), CO2, NO, and CO. Fuel specific emission factors were calculated for CO, NO, and NOx. Ranging from 25 to 28 g/kgfuel for CO, from 1.3 to 1.7 g/kgfuel for NO, and from 2.1 to 2.7 g/kgfuel for NOx. Regulated emissions were also calculated for CO and NOx with values of 2.4 to 2.9 and 0.19 to 0.25 g/mile, respectively. These emissions are about 50% higher than the 2017 U.S. emission standards for CO and nearly an order magnitude higher for NOx.
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Lafina, Salmah, and Marisi Napitupulu. "The Effect of Compost and Phonska Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata) Varieties of Bonanza." AGRIFOR 17, no. 2 (October 11, 2018): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.31293/af.v17i2.3619.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Effect of Compost AndPhonskaTerhadap Fertilizer Plant Growth and Results Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata) Varieties Bonanza.The research aims to; determine the effect of compost and fertilizer PhonskaTerhadap Growth And Crop Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata) Varieties Bonanza. This study was conducted from April to June 2015, starting from site preparation to harvest. Place the District Education Research Road Teluk Lingga North Sangatta East Kutai. The method used in this study using a randomized block design (RAK) with 2 Factorial and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The treatment is factor 1: compost (K) with 4 levels of treatment are: k0 = no application of compost fertilizer (control), k1 = compost 10 tons / ha, equivalent to 2.53 kg / plot, k2 = compost 20 tons / ha equivalent with 5.06 kg / plot, k3 = compost 30 tons / ha, equivalent to 7.59 kg / plot. Factor 2: NPK fertilizer phonska (P) with 4 levels of treatment are: p0 = without fertilizer phonska (control), p1 = fertilizer phonska 400 kg / ha equivalent to 6,325 g / plant, p2 = fertilizer phonska 450 kg / ha equivalent to 7.906 gram / plant, p3 = fertilizer phonska 500 kg / ha equivalent to 9.487 g / plantAnalysis of data using tables of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with further testing Least Significant Difference (LSD) level of 5%. Parameters used; Plant height (cm) 20 DAT, DAT 30, 40 HST and 50 HST, 2. Age exit male flowers (day), age exit female flowers (days) Total cob crop (fruit), cob diameter (cm), Weight ear cropping (g), fruit Productivity (ton / ha).Results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect between compost and fertilizer npkPhonska not differ significantly affected the plant height 30 days after planting, 40 days after planting, 50 days after planting, the male flowers, female flowers, the number of cob, cob productivity. This is because the compost and fertilizer npkPhonska not influence.
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Boutabia, Hacène. "Additive functionals and excursions of Kuznetsov processes." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2005, no. 13 (2005): 2031–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijmms.2005.2031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
LetBbe a continuous additive functional for a standard process(Xt)t∈ℝ+and let(Yt)t∈ℝbe a stationary Kuznetsov process with the same semigroup of transition. In this paper, we give the excursion laws of(Xt)t∈ℝ+conditioned on the strict past and future without duality hypothesis. We study excursions of a general regenerative system and of a regenerative system consisting of the closure of the set of times the regular points ofBare visited. In both cases, those conditioned excursion laws depend only on two pointsXg−andXd, where]g,d[is an excursion interval of the regenerative setM. We use the(FDt)-predictable exit system to bring together the isolated points ofMand its perfect part and replace the classical optional exit system. This has been a subject in literature before (e.g., Kaspi (1988)) under the classical duality hypothesis. We define an “additive functional” for(Yt)t∈ℝwithB, we generalize the laws cited before to(Yt)t∈ℝ, and we express laws of pairs of excursions.
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Martin, Anna, Raffael Osen, Heike Petra Karbstein, and M. Azad Emin. "Impact of Rapeseed Press Cake on the Rheological Properties and Expansion Dynamics of Extruded Maize Starch." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 14, 2021): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030616.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rapeseed press cake (RPC), an oil pressing side product rich in protein and fiber, can be combined with starch and valorized into directly expanded products using extrusion technology. The mechanism of starch expansion has been studied in detail, but the impact of RPC on expansion behavior is poorly understood. However, it can be linked to rheological and physicochemical properties and is a key product quality parameter. Blends with different amounts of RPC (0, 10, 40 g/100 g) were extruded at different barrel temperatures (100, 120, 140 °C) and moisture contents (24 or 29 g/100 g). The initial, intermediate and final sectional, longitudinal and volumetric expansion indices (SEI, LEI, VEI) were monitored directly, 10 s and 24 h after die exit to measure extrudate growth and shrinkage. The viscous and elastic properties of the extruded blends were investigated in a closed cavity rheometer. Starch and blends with 10 g/100 g RPC achieved a high initial SEI followed by significant short-term shrinkage. Blends containing 40 g/100 g RPC did not show any initial expansion. With increasing RPC content, the intermediate SEI decreased, but all samples reached a similar final SEI due to time-dependent swelling of the RPC blends. With increasing RPC content, the elasticity of the starch-based extruded samples significantly increased. Our study shows that comprehensive control and understanding of expansion mechanisms can be achieved only by investigating all stages of extrudate growth and shrinkage. We also found that the closed cavity rheometer is a powerful tool to correlate the rheological properties and expansion mechanisms of biopolymers.
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Cabral, Elsa L., Eliana Mari, and Stella Maris Pire. "Borreria secc. Pseudodiodia (Rubiaceae), aportes taxonómicos y palinológicos." Bonplandia 15, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2006): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/bon.151-296.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: #666666;">Se actualiza la taxonomía de la sección <em>Pseudodiodia </em>Hassl. del género <em>Borreria</em>G. Mey., en la cual se incluían hasta ahora seis especies. En este trabajo se agregan cuatro especies a la sección, elevando el número a un total de diez taxones: dos de las Islas Galápagos (<em>B. suberecta </em>Hook. f. y <em>B. dispersa </em>Hook. f.) y dos continentales, de Brasil (<em>B. decipiens </em>K. Schum. y <em>B. tocantinsiana </em>E. L. Cabral & Bacigalupo). Se examinaron los granos de polen de esas especies mediante microscopio óptico y microscopio electrónico de barrido. Las especies continentales presentan el polen característico de <em>Pseudodiodia </em>(colpos largos y exina tectado-espinulosa), mientras que el polen producido por las especies insulares presenta variaciones en la exina.</span></div>
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Dyer, M. A., and C. L. Cepko. "p57(Kip2) regulates progenitor cell proliferation and amacrine interneuron development in the mouse retina." Development 127, no. 16 (August 15, 2000): 3593–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.16.3593.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A precise balance between proliferation and differentiation must be maintained during retinal development to obtain the correct proportion of each of the seven cell types found in the adult tissue. Cyclin kinase inhibitors can regulate cell cycle exit coincident with induction of differentiation programs during development. We have found that the p57(Kip2) cyclin kinase inhibitor is upregulated during G(1)/G(0) in a subset of retinal progenitor cells exiting the cell cycle between embryonic day 14.5 and 16.5 of mouse development. Retroviral mediated overexpression of p57(Kip2) in embryonic retinal progenitor cells led to premature cell cycle exit. Retinae from mice lacking p57(Kip2) exhibited inappropriate S-phase entry and apoptotic nuclei were found in the region where p57(Kip2) is normally expressed. Apoptosis precisely compensated for the inappropriate proliferation in the p57(Kip2)-deficient retinae to preserve the correct proportion of the major retinal cell types. Postnatally, p57(Kip2) was found to be expressed in a novel subpopulation of amacrine interneurons. At this stage, p57(Kip2)did not regulate proliferation. However, perhaps reflecting its role during this late stage of development, animals lacking p57(Kip2) showed an alteration in amacrine subpopulations. p57(Kip2) is the first gene to be implicated as a regulator of amacrine subtype/subpopulation development. Consequently, we propose that p57(Kip2) has two roles during retinal development, acting first as a cyclin kinase inhibitor in mitotic progenitor cells, and then playing a distinct role in neuronal differentiation.
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Grek, Genrich, Maria Litvinenko, Grigory Kozlov, and Valentin Vikhorev. "Features Of The Diffusion Combustion Of Hydrogen Microjet At Various Spatial Orientation Of The Nozzle Exit With Top – Hat Mean Velocity Profile At The Nozzle Exit." Siberian Journal of Physics 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2017-12-1-66-78.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the given work will consist in the experimental studies of features diffusion combustion of a hydrogen round microjet, effusing from micronozzle with top – hat mean velocity profile at the nozzle exit, depending on spatial orientation of the nozzle exit. It is revealed, that in conditions of a jet velocity vector orientation towards terrestrial gravitation vector «g» (opposite or perpendicular) the basic characteristics of the flame evolution depending on gas consumption (Q) (or jet velocity U) are rather close to each other. To these characteristics concern such as ranges of the «bottleneck flame area» presence, flame separation at presence of the «bottleneck flame area», presence of the «bottleneck flame area» but absence of a turbulent jet combustion and finally ending of the microjet combustion. On the contrary, in situation of the hydrogen round microjet diffusion combustion in conditions of a jet velocity vector orientation towards terrestrial gravitation vector «g» (orientability – like) the basic characteristics of the flame evolution depending on a jet velocity are sharply differed from two previous cases. The range of existence of the «bottleneck flame area» is reduced, flame separation occurs in absence of the «bottleneck flame area», there is no situation of the «bottleneck flame area» combustion at turbulent flame separation and there is no situation of the «bottleneck flame area» combustion at burn termination of the turbulent part of a microjet and finally ending of the microjet combustion occurs at the much greater jet velocity.
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Povey, T., T. V. Jones, and M. L. G. Oldfield. "On a Novel Annular Sector Cascade Technique." Journal of Turbomachinery 129, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2372766.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An advanced technique for establishing pressure boundary conditions in annular sector cascade experiments has been developed. This novel technique represents an improvement over previous methods and provides the first means by which annular sector boundary conditions that are representative of those which develop in an annular cascade can be established with a high degree of satisfaction. The technique will enable cascade designers to exploit the obvious advantages of annular sector cascade testing: the reduced cost of both facility manufacture and facility operation and the use of engine parts in place of two-dimensional counterparts. By employing an annular sector of deswirl vanes downstream of the annular sector of test vanes, the radial pressure gradient established in the swirling flow downstream of the test vanes is not disturbed. The deswirl vane exit flow—which has zero swirl velocity—can be exhausted without unsteadiness, and without the risk of separation, into a plenum at constant pressure. The pressure ratio across the annular sector of test vanes can be tuned by adjusting the throat area at the deswirl vane exit plane. Flow conditioning systems which utilize the Oxford deswirl vane technology have previously been used to set pressure boundary conditions downstream of fully annular cascades in both model and engine scale (the Isentropic Light Piston Facility at Farnborough) experimental research facilities (Povey, T., Chana, K. S., Oldfield, M. L. G., Jones, T. V., and Owen, A. K., 2001, Proceedings of the ImechE Advances in Fluid Machinery Design Seminar, London, June 13; Povey, T., Chana, K. S., Jones, T. V., and Oldfield, M. L. G., 2003, Advances of CFD in Fluid Machinery Design, ImechE Professional Engineering, London, pp. 65–94). The deswirl vane is particularly suited to the control of highly whirling transonic flows. It has been demonstrated by direct comparison of aerodynamic measurements from fully annular and annular sector experiments that the use of a deswirl vane sector for flow conditioning at the exit of an annular sector cascade represents an attractive novel solution to the boundary condition problem. The annular sector technique is now described.
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Pugh, K. A., J. M. Stookey, and F. C. Buchanan. "An evaluation of corticotropin-releasing hormone and leptin SNPs relative to cattle behaviour." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 91, no. 4 (December 2011): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2011-046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pugh, K. A., Stookey, J. M. and Buchanan, F. C. 2011. An evaluation of corticotropin-releasing hormone and leptin SNPs relative to cattle behaviour. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 562–572. The purpose of this study was to identify associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and growth, namely corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and leptin (LEP), and measurements of temperament in beef cattle. Four hundred crossbred beef steers were evaluated upon entry into a beef facility using several different measurements of response to handling: subjective score (SS), strain gauge (SG), movement measurement device (MMD) and exit time (ET). The steers were genotyped at the CRH 22C>G, CRH 240C>G and LEP 73C>T SNPs by PCR-RFLP. The SNP genotypes and two-way interactions between LEP and each CRH SNP were analyzed as effects on the various temperament measurements. We found interactions between CRH 22C>G and LEP and CRH 240C>G and LEP with SG. Within this interaction there appears to be a positive effect of one CRH allele (C) within LEP TT animals while in LEP CC the other CRH allele (G) had a positive effect. These interactions, especially between CRH 22C>G and LEP, needs to be confirmed in other populations of beef cattle. It may be possible in the future to select for temperament alongside production goals.
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Poupel, Olivier, Haralabia Boleti, Sophie Axisa, Evelyne Couture-Tosi, and Isabelle Tardieux. "Toxofilin, a Novel Actin-binding Protein from Toxoplasma gondii, Sequesters Actin Monomers and Caps Actin Filaments." Molecular Biology of the Cell 11, no. 1 (January 2000): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.11.1.355.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Toxoplasma gondii relies on its actin cytoskeleton to glide and enter its host cell. However, T. gondii tachyzoites are known to display a strikingly low amount of actin filaments, which suggests that sequestration of actin monomers could play a key role in parasite actin dynamics. We isolated a 27-kDa tachyzoite protein on the basis of its ability to bind muscle G-actin and demonstrated that it interacts with parasite G-actin. Cloning and sequence analysis of the gene coding for this protein, which we named Toxofilin, showed that it is a novel actin-binding protein. In in vitro assays, Toxofilin not only bound to G-actin and inhibited actin polymerization as an actin-sequestering protein but also slowed down F-actin disassembly through a filament end capping activity. In addition, when green fluorescent protein-tagged Toxofilin was overexpressed in mammalian nonmuscle cells, the dynamics of actin stress fibers was drastically impaired, whereas green fluorescent protein-Toxofilin copurified with G-actin. Finally, in motile parasites, during gliding or host cell entry, Toxofilin was localized in the entire cytoplasm, including the rear end of the parasite, whereas in intracellular tachyzoites, especially before they exit from the parasitophorous vacuole of their host cell, Toxofilin was found to be restricted to the apical end.
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Cafe, L. M., H. Hearnshaw, D. W. Hennessy, and P. L. Greenwood. "Growth and carcass characteristics of Wagyu-sired steers at heavy market weights following slow or rapid growth to weaning." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 7 (2006): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05372.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two groups of Wagyu × Hereford steers grown slowly (slow preweaning group, n = 14, mean average daily gain = 631 g/day) or rapidly (rapid preweaning group, n = 15, mean average daily gain = 979 g/day) from birth to weaning were backgrounded on improved, temperate pasture to equivalent group liveweights (543 v. 548 kg, s.e. = 8.8 kg), then finished in a feedlot for 120 days. At weaning, the slow preweaning group was 79 kg lighter than the rapid preweaning group. They required an additional 43 days of backgrounding to reach the same feedlot entry weight as the rapid preweaning group. The slow preweaning group grew more rapidly during backgrounding (630 v. 549 g/day, s.e. = 13.7 g/day) but tended to grow more slowly during feedlotting (1798 v. 1982 g/day, s.e. = 74.9 g/day) than their rapid preweaning counterparts, with overall growth rates from weaning to feedlot exit not differing between the 2 groups (rapid 763 g/day v. slow 772 g/day, s.e. = 17.5 g/day). At slaughter, following the feedlot phase, carcass weights of the 2 groups did not differ significantly (rapid 430 kg v. slow 417 kg, s.e. = 7.2 kg). There was a tendency for the steers grown slowly to weaning to have a higher dressing percentage (57.6 v. 56.6%, s.e. = 0.33%), but there were no significant differences in carcass compositional characteristics between the 2 groups. The slow preweaning steers did have a greater eye muscle area than the rapid preweaning steers (106.6 v. 98.9 cm2, s.e. = 1.87) when carcass weight was used as a covariate. These findings demonstrate that cattle grown slowly to weaning have similar composition at slaughter as those grown rapidly during the same period when backgrounded on pasture to the same feedlot entry weight. Furthermore, marbling was not adversely affected by slow growth to weaning.
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Gryzlov, Boris V., and Viktor V. Fedorov. "Decision following the Results of the Exit Session at the Central Mezhposelencheskaya Library “Dmitrov Central Mezhposelencheskaya Library System after G. Zhukov”." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], no. 3 (May 25, 2009): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2009-0-3-25-26.
Повний текст джерела
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Duffy, Deidre J., and Randy Rose. "Milk composition and growth in the southern brown bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus (Marsupialia:Peramelidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 55, no. 5 (2007): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo07036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Milk and growth data from six litters of southern brown bandicoots (Isoodon obesulus) from south-eastern Tasmania were analysed. Five of these were born in the wild and one was born in captivity. The quantitative changes in milk composition were examined for total protein, carbohydrates (hexose and lactose), lipid, dissolved solids, and estimated energy content. During ‘early-phase’ lactation (before Day 30) protein levels were 10.5 g (100 mL)–1, hexose 0.34 g (100 mL)–1, lipids 10.4 g (100 mL)–1, and solids 27.3 g (100 mL)–1. ‘Mid-phase’ milk (Days 31–45) showed an increase in all constituents: protein 13.8 g (100 mL)–1, hexose 1.66 g (100 mL)–1, lipid 12.2 g (100 mL)–1, and solids 41.4 g (100 mL)–1. Protein and hexose levels decreased in ‘late-phase’ milk (Day 46–60) to 11.3 g (100 mL)–1, and 1.58 g (100 mL)–1, respectively, and the amount of lipids and dissolved solids increased to 26.4 g (100 mL)–1, and 52.3 g (100 mL)–1, respectively. There was no evidence of lactose in milk from the latter half (final 28 days) of lactation. Total milk energy increased from 6.0kJmL–1 in early-phase milk, to 8.9 kJ mL–1 in mid-phase, and 12.0 kJ ml–1 in late-phase. Changes in body mass, head, tail, and pes lengths were examined for 16 pouch young. Instantaneous relative growth rates were calculated for the final 42 days of lactation, revealing a decrease in overall growth rates from 14.0% increase in bodyweight per day in early-phase, to 7.8% daily during mid-phase, and 3.5% daily increase during late-phase lactation. Analysis of the relationship between milk and growth in I. obesulus demonstrates that morphological and developmental changes, especially the development of endothermy and time of first pouch exit, directly correlate with changes in growth rates, milk energy, and milk composition.
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Jakowiecki, Jakub, Urszula Orzeł, Sathapana Chawananon, Przemysław Miszta, and Sławomir Filipek. "The Hydrophobic Ligands Entry and Exit from the GPCR Binding Site-SMD and SuMD Simulations." Molecules 25, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081930.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most G protein-coupled receptors that bind the hydrophobic ligands (lipid receptors and steroid receptors) belong to the most populated class A (rhodopsin-like) of these receptors. Typical examples of lipid receptors are: rhodopsin, cannabinoid (CB), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic (LPA) receptors. The hydrophobic ligands access the receptor binding site from the lipid bilayer not only because of their low solubility in water but also because of a large N-terminal domain plug preventing access to the orthosteric binding site from the extracellular milieu. In order to identify the most probable ligand exit pathway from lipid receptors CB1, S1P1 and LPA1 orthosteric binding sites we performed at least three repeats of steered molecular dynamics simulations in which ligands were pulled in various directions. For specific ligands being agonists, the supervised molecular dynamics approach was used to simulate the ligand entry events to the inactive receptor structures. For all investigated receptors the ligand entry/exit pathway goes through the gate between transmembrane helices TM1 and TM7, however, in some cases it combined with a direction toward water milieu.