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Статті в журналах з теми "FXRPs"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 23 вересня 2022

Оновлено: 28 вересня 2022

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1

Kaufmann, Walter E., Sonia Cohen, Hong-Tao Sun, and George Ho. "Molecular phenotype of Fragile X syndrome: FMRP, FXRPs, and protein targets." Microscopy Research and Technique 57, no. 3 (April 18, 2002): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.10066.

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2

Gege, Christian, Olaf Kinzel, Christoph Steeneck, Andreas Schulz, and Claus Kremoser. "Knocking on FXR's Door:The "Hammerhead"-Structure Series of FXRs Agonists - Amphiphilic Isoxazoles with Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Activities." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 14, no. 19 (November 24, 2014): 2143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026614666141112094430.

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3

Liang, Xiaobei, Jinyong Yao, Lei Luo, Wenzhao Zhu, Weifang Zhang, and Yanrong Wang. "A New Proportionate Filtered-x RLS Algorithm for Active Noise Control System." Sensors 22, no. 12 (June 17, 2022): 4566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124566.

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Анотація:

The filtered-x recursive least square (FxRLS) algorithm is widely used in the active noise control system and has achieved great success in some complex de-noising environments, such as the cabin in vehicles and aircraft. However, its performance is sensitive to some user-defined parameters such as the forgetting factor and initial gain. Once these parameters are not selected properly, the de-noising effect of FxRLS will deteriorate. Moreover, the tracking performance of FxRLS for mutation is still restricted to a certain extent. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a new proportional FxRLS (PFxRLS) algorithm. The forgetting factor and initial gain sensitivity are successfully reduced without introducing new turning parameters. The de-noising level and tracking performance have also been improved. Moreover, the momentum technique is introduced in PFxRLS to further improve its robustness and de-noising level. To ensure stability, its convergence condition is also discussed in this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is illustrated by simulations and experiments with different user-defined parameters and time-varying noise environments.

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4

Sun, Wei, Yi Nong Li, Feng Zhang, and Gui Yan Li. "Active Gear Pair Vibration Control Based on Filtered-X RLS Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.166.

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Based on the investigation of active gear pair vibration control system, an adaptive controller combined with Filtered-X method and RLS algorithm is developed to reduce the periodic vibration of gear driven shaft. The active control of the gear shaft transverse vibration is simulated to validate the efficiency of the proposed Filtered-X RLS algorithm (FXRLS). The results indicate that the FXRLS is significantly better in convergence speed and stability than the commonly used Filtered-X LMS algorithm (FXLMS), and the stability and convergence are more robust.

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5

Yachnis, Anthony T., Heidi L. Roth, and Kenneth M. Heilman. "Fragile X Dementia Parkinsonism Syndrome (FXDPS)." Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology 23, no. 1 (March 2010): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnn.0b013e3181b6e1b9.

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6

Anderson, Kemp M., and Christopher P. Gayer. "The Pathophysiology of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) in the GI Tract: Inflammation, Barrier Function and Innate Immunity." Cells 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 3206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113206.

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Анотація:

The Farnesoid-X Receptor, FXR, is a nuclear bile acid receptor. Its originally described function is in bile acid synthesis and regulation within the liver. More recently, however, FXR has been increasingly appreciated for its breadth of function and expression across multiple organ systems, including the intestine. While FXR’s role within the liver continues to be investigated, increasing literature indicates that FXR has important roles in responding to inflammation, maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier function, and regulating immunity within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Given the complicated and multi-factorial nature of intestinal barrier dysfunction, it is not surprising that FXR’s role appears equally complicated and not without conflicting data in different model systems. Recent work has suggested translational applications of FXR modulation in GI pathology; however, a better understanding of FXR physiology is necessary for these treatments to gain widespread use in human disease. This review aims to discuss current scientific work on the role of FXR within the GI tract, specifically in its role in intestinal inflammation, barrier function, and immune response, while also exploring areas of controversy.

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7

Chirilă, Ciprian C., and T. M. H. Ha. "FXRS: Fast X-Ray Spectrum-Simulator Theory and Software Implementation." Communications in Computational Physics 21, no. 5 (April 26, 2017): 1475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.oa-2015-0011.

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AbstractWe propose a simple, computationally efficient scheme for an X-ray spectrum simulator. The theoretical models describing the physical processes involved are employed in our Monte Carlo software in a coherent way, paving the way for straightforward future improvements. Our results compare satisfactorily to experimental results from literature and to results from dedicated simulation software. The simplicity, excellent statistical errors, and short execution time of our code recommend it for intensive use in X-ray generation simulations.

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8

Zeb, Ayesha, Alina Mirza, Qasim Umar Khan, and Shahzad A. Sheikh. "Improving performance of FxRLS algorithm for active noise control of impulsive noise." Applied Acoustics 116 (January 2017): 364–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2016.10.011.

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9

Reddy, Rajiv M., Issa M. S. Panahi, and Richard Briggs. "Hybrid FxRLS-FxNLMS Adaptive Algorithm for Active Noise Control in fMRI Application." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 19, no. 2 (March 2011): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2010.2042599.

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10

Wang, Lei, Kean Chen, Jian Xu, and Wang Qi. "Simplified fast transversal filter algorithms for multichannel active noise control." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 4683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2793.

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Анотація:

In recent years, more attention has been paid to the performance of algorithm in active noise control (ANC). Compared with filtered-x LMS (FxLMS) algorithm based on stochastic gradient descent, filtered-x RLS (FXRLS) algorithm has faster convergence speed and better tracking performance at the cost of high computational complexity. In order to reduce the computation, fast transversal filter (FTF) algorithm can be used in ANC system. In this paper, simplified multi-channel FXFTF algorithms are presented, and the convergence speed and noise reduction performance of different multichannel algorithms are simulated and compared, and the numerical stability of the algorithms are analyzed.

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11

Jabeen, Fareeha, Alina Mirza, Ayesha Zeb, Muhammad Imran, Farkhanda Afzal, and Ayesha Maqbool. "FxRLS Algorithms Based Active Control of Impulsive Noise With Online Secondary Path Modeling." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 117471–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3105902.

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12

Ding, Lin, Shuguang Pang, Yongmei Sun, Yuling Tian, Li Yu, and Ningning Dang. "Coordinated Actions of FXR and LXR in Metabolism: From Pathogenesis to Pharmacological Targets for Type 2 Diabetes." International Journal of Endocrinology 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/751859.

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Анотація:

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most prevalent metabolic disease, and many people are suffering from its complications driven by hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors that mediate changes to metabolic pathways within the body. As metabolic regulators, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the liver X receptor (LXR) play key roles in the pathogenesis of T2D, which remains to be clarified in detail. Here we review the recent progress concerning the physiological and pathophysiological roles of FXRs and LXRs in the regulation of bile acid, lipid and glucose metabolism and the implications in T2D, taking into account that these two nuclear receptors are potential pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of T2D and its complications.

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13

Straniero, Sara, Amit Laskar, Christina Savva, Jennifer Härdfeldt, Bo Angelin, and Mats Rudling. "Of mice and men: murine bile acids explain species differences in the regulation of bile acid and cholesterol metabolism." Journal of Lipid Research 61, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.ra119000307.

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Compared with humans, rodents have higher synthesis of cholesterol and bile acids (BAs) and faster clearance and lower levels of serum LDL-cholesterol. Paradoxically, they increase BA synthesis in response to bile duct ligation (BDL). Another difference is the production of hydrophilic 6-hydroxylated muricholic acids (MCAs), which may antagonize the activation of FXRs, in rodents versus humans. We hypothesized that the presence of MCAs is key for many of these metabolic differences between mice and humans. We thus studied the effects of genetic deletion of the Cyp2c70 gene, previously proposed to control MCA formation. Compared with WT animals, KO mice created using the CRISPR/Cas9 system completely lacked MCAs, and displayed >50% reductions in BA and cholesterol synthesis and hepatic LDL receptors, leading to a marked increase in serum LDL-cholesterol. The doubling of BA synthesis following BDL in WT animals was abolished in KO mice, despite extinguished intestinal fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)15 expression in both groups. Accumulation of cholesterol-enriched particles (“Lp-X”) in serum was almost eliminated in KO mice. Livers of KO mice were increased 18% in weight, and serum markers of liver function indicated liver damage. The human-like phenotype of BA metabolism in KO mice could not be fully explained by the activation of FXR-mediated changes. In conclusion, the presence of MCAs is critical for many of the known metabolic differences between mice and humans. The Cyp2c70-KO mouse should be useful in studies exploring potential therapeutic targets for human disease.

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14

Agote-Arán, Arantxa, Junyan Lin, and Izabela Sumara. "Fragile X–Related Protein 1 Regulates Nucleoporin Localization in a Cell Cycle–Dependent Manner." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9 (December 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.755847.

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Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are embedded in the nuclear envelope (NE) where they ensure the transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. NPCs are built from nucleoporins (Nups) through a sequential assembly order taking place at two different stages during the cell cycle of mammalian cells: at the end of mitosis and during interphase. In addition, fragile X–related proteins (FXRPs) can interact with several cytoplasmic Nups and facilitate their localization to the NE during interphase likely through a microtubule-dependent mechanism. In the absence of FXRPs or microtubule-based transport, Nups aberrantly localize to the cytoplasm forming the so-called cytoplasmic nucleoporin granules (CNGs), compromising NPCs’ function on protein export. However, it remains unknown if Nup synthesis or degradation mechanisms are linked to the FXRP–Nup pathway and if and how the action of FXRPs on Nups is coordinated with the cell cycle progression. Here, we show that Nup localization defects observed in the absence of FXR1 are independent of active protein translation. CNGs are cleared in an autophagy- and proteasome-independent manner, and their presence is restricted to the early G1 phase of the cell cycle. Our results thus suggest that a pool of cytoplasmic Nups exists that contributes to the NPC assembly specifically during early G1 to ensure NPC homeostasis at a short transition from mitosis to the onset of interphase.

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15

McDonnell, Donald P., and Rachid Safi. "1H. Liver X receptor-like receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database." IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE 2019, no. 4 (September 16, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/gtopdb/f89/2019.4.

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Liver X and farnesoid X receptors (LXR and FXR, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Nuclear Hormone Receptors [68]) are members of a steroid analogue-activated nuclear receptor subfamily, which form heterodimers with members of the retinoid X receptor family. Endogenous ligands for LXRs include hydroxycholesterols (OHC), while FXRs appear to be activated by bile acids. In humans and primates, NR1H5P is a pseudogene. However, in other mammals, it encodes a functional nuclear hormone receptor that appears to be involved in cholesterol biosynthesis [71].

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16

Frolov, Ilya, Dal Young Kim, Maryna Akhrymuk, James A. Mobley, and Elena I. Frolova. "Hypervariable Domain of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus nsP3 Redundantly Utilizes Multiple Cellular Proteins for Replication Complex Assembly." Journal of Virology 91, no. 14 (May 3, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00371-17.

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ABSTRACT Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a representative member of the New World alphaviruses. It is pathogenic for a variety of vertebrate hosts, in which EEEV induces a highly debilitating disease, and the outcomes are frequently lethal. Despite a significant public health threat, the molecular mechanism of EEEV replication and interaction with hosts is poorly understood. Our previously published data and those of other teams have demonstrated that hypervariable domains (HVDs) of the alphavirus nsP3 protein interact with virus-specific host factors and play critical roles in assembly of viral replication complexes (vRCs). The most abundantly represented HVD-binding proteins are the FXR and G3BP family members. FXR proteins drive the assembly of vRCs of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), and G3BPs were shown to function in vRC assembly in the replication of chikungunya and Sindbis viruses. Our new study demonstrates that EEEV exhibits a unique level of redundancy in the use of host factors in RNA replication. EEEV efficiently utilizes both the VEEV-specific FXR protein family and the Old World alphavirus-specific G3BP protein family. A lack of interaction with either FXRs or G3BPs does not affect vRC formation; however, removal of EEEV's ability to interact with both protein families has a deleterious effect on virus growth. Other identified EEEV nsP3 HVD-interacting host proteins are also capable of supporting EEEV replication, albeit with a dramatically lower efficiency. The ability to use a wide range of host factors with redundant functions in vRC assembly and function provides a plausible explanation for the efficient replication of EEEV and may contribute to its highly pathogenic phenotype. IMPORTANCE Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is one of the most pathogenic New World alphaviruses. Despite the continuous public health threat, to date, the molecular mechanisms of its very efficient replication and high virulence are not sufficiently understood. The results of this new study demonstrate that North American EEEV exhibits a high level of redundancy in using host factors in replication complex assembly and virus replication. The hypervariable domain of the EEEV nsP3 protein interacts with all of the members of the FXR and G3BP protein families, and only a lack of interaction with both protein families strongly affects virus replication rates. Other identified HVD-binding factors are also involved in EEEV replication, but their roles are not as critical as those of FXRs and G3BPs. The new data present a plausible explanation for the exceptionally high replication rates of EEEV and suggest a new means of its attenuation and new targets for screening of antiviral drugs.

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17

Vallim, Thomas, Elizabeth Tarling, Tammy Kim, Mete Civelek, Angel Baldan, Christine Esau, and Peter A. Edwards. "Abstract 76: MicroRNA-144 Regulates Hepatic ABCA1 and Plasma HDL Following Activation of the Nuclear Receptor FXR." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 33, suppl_1 (May 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/atvb.33.suppl_1.a76.

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Rationale The bile acid receptor Farnesoid-X-Receptor (FXR) regulates many aspects of lipid metabolism by various complex and not fully understood molecular mechanisms. We set out to investigate the molecular mechanisms for FXR-dependent regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Objective To identify FXR-regulated microRNAs that were subsequently involved in regulating lipid metabolism. Methods and Results ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a major determinant of plasma High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. Here we show that activation of the nuclear receptor FXR in vivo increases hepatic levels of miR-144, which in turn lower hepatic ABCA1 and plasma HDL levels. We identified two complementary sequences to miR-144 in the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of ABCA1 mRNA that are necessary for miR-144-dependent regulation. Overexpression of miR-144 in vitro decreased both cellular ABCA1 protein and cholesterol efflux to lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) protein, whilst overexpression in vivo reduced hepatic ABCA1 protein and plasma HDL- cholesterol. Conversely, silencing miR-144 in mice increased hepatic ABCA1 protein and HDL- cholesterol. In addition, we utilized tissue-specific FXR deficient mice to show that induction of miR-144 and FXR-dependent hypolipidemia requires hepatic, but not intestinal FXR. Finally, we identified functional FXR response elements (FXREs) upstream of the miR-144 locus, consistent with direct FXR regulation. Conclusion In conclusion, we have identified a pathway involving FXR, miR-144 and ABCA1 that together regulate plasma HDL cholesterol. This pathway may be therapeutically targeted in the future in order to increase HDL levels.

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