Дисертації з теми "Fusion sélective au laser"
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Liu, Qi. "Etude sur fusion laser sélective de matériau céramique Zircone Yttriée." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976254.
Повний текст джерелаKovaleva, Irina. "Simulation numérique des procédés de fabrication additive: projection laser et fusion laser sélective." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENISE031.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is devoted to development of mathematical modeling methods of laser interaction with materials and porous media, used in the additive technologies for the production of volume products. The process of laser cladding suffers from faults and defects of parts and coatings obtained such as cracks, exudations, residual stresses and etc. Currently, the general theory of this process does not exist. A large number of parameters affect the laser cladding such as laser parameters (power, beam diameter, scanning speed, etc. ), parameters of powder and gas flow. Therefore, experimental investigations of optimum technological modes become the complex problem. The relevance of this work is the need to perform calculations and predictions of rational modes of laser treatment, due to the increasing quality requirements of manufactured parts and technological processes optimization. We investigated in details the parameters of the gas stream and the powder for different coaxial nozzles. The parameters of powder jet essentially depends on the geometrical configuration and the size of output nozzle channels and also the composition of the powder, its dispersion and features of particles interaction with the walls of nozzle. We developed a physical-mathematical model of acceleration of powder particles in the light field of a permanent laser radiation in the conditions of laser cladding owing to the force caused by the reaction of the material–vapor recoil from the beamed part of the particle. We proposed a calculation method of random packing of polydisperse spherical particles which allows, taking into account the weight force and adhesive force between the particles in contact, to obtain the internal structure of loose powder layer close to the real. Discrete model is developed to describe the processes of heat and mass transfer in loose powder layer, which is applicable in the conditions of local laser irradiation in selective laser melting and selective laser sintering. Physico-mathematical models proposed in this work and results of calculations are new and have a practical relevance. The reliability of spent researches is consistent qualitatively with experimental data
Zhang, Baicheng. "Fusion sélective par laser - influence de l'atmosphère et réalisation d'alliage in situ." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880004.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Yingjie. "Fabrication Additive des Alliages d’Aluminium 6061 et 7075 avec Fusion Laser Sélective." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCA010.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this study is to use green laser SLM equipment to print crack-free 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloy samples and to investigate their mechanical properties. Compared to traditional infrared lasers, aluminum alloy powder has a higher absorption rate for green lasers, which means that lower energy densities can be used for printing. This reduces the evaporation of low-alloy elements. Additionally, Ti particles and TiC/SiC particles are added as nucleating agents to refine grains and reduce cracking. Three types of powders were prepared by mechanical mixing: 6061 + Ti particles, 7075 + Ti particles, and 7075 + TiC/SiC particles. The samples were printed using green laser equipment, different from the traditional infrared laser. The morphology and phase composition of the powders and printed parts were observed and studied using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The strengthening mechanisms and mechanical properties of the printed samples were analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), microhardness testing, and tensile testing equipment. By optimizing process parameters (laser power, scanning speed) and the proportion of added particles, crack-free 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloys were ultimately prepared, and their strengthening mechanisms were revealed. This provides a new approach for the SLM process to produce crack-free high-performance aluminum alloys.Experimental results indicate that during the green laser printing process with higher absorption rates, an energy density of 52.1 to 62.5 J/mm³ is sufficient to obtain relatively dense printed samples. The grains in the printed 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloy samples were large columnar grains (12.1-17.9 microns). The addition of titanium particles significantly refined the grains, transforming them into small columnar and equiaxed grains (0.9-1.63 microns). Besides serving as nucleation points, titanium particles reacted with the aluminum matrix to form Al3Ti, which was confirmed in the HRTEM of the 6061 prints and the XRD of the 7075 prints. The addition of titanium particles resulted in crack-free samples for both 6061 and 7075.Compared to the traditional infrared laser, the loss of Mg and Zn elements was reduced with the green laser, and the tensile properties were improved. The yield strength of the heat-treated 6061 alloys with 1% Ti content met the standards of forged AA6061, and the elongation reached 12.6%. The tensile strength of 7075 also approached 400 MPa, though further improvement in elongation is needed. Our attempts with 7075 + TiC/SiC also showed certain effects, indicating that printing aluminum alloys with a green laser is feasible
Regniere, Matthieu. "Impact du conditionnement de poudres de Ti6Al4V sur le procédé de fusion sélective laser." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEM038/document.
Повний текст джерелаSelective Laser Melting (SLM), through additive manufacturing process, allows the conception of specific shapes through a layer-by-layer building method from a powder bed. The emphasis between processing parameters as, laser power, scan speed, scan strategy… has already been well investigated for a wide panel of material. Nevertheless, the powder interaction with electromagnetic waves remains a topical issue to handle the stabilization of the melting pool, and optimize the amount of energy used within the process.The purpose of this survey is : (a) the understanding and handling of powder bed layering mechanism through SLM Phenix rolling blade ; (b) the analysis and quantification of morphological and microstructural evolutions single tracks according to SLM process and powder bed parameters ; (c) development of a thermal and microstructural model standing for post SLM single tracks edification.First of all, the process of powder spreading by rolling blade has been investigated in order to tame and modelize the porosity and effective thickness of the powder bed. Thereafter, characteristics of Ti6Al4V single tracks produced by SLM were analyzed according to process and bed powder parameters. This approach tends to quantify the impact of the powder bed packing on the SLM melting mechanism. Accordingly, fine microstructural analysis and reconstruction have been extracted. Finally, a radiative thermal model linked to a microstructural prediction of single tracks has been settled, leading to a deeper understanding of the melting mechanism
Maisonneuve, Julie. "Fabrication directe de pièces aéronautiques en TA6V et IN718 : projection et fusion sélective par laser." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENMP0006.
Повний текст джерелаDefauchy, Denis. "Simulation du procédé de fabrication directe de pièces thermoplastiques par fusion laser de poudre." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00871731.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Terris Thibaut. "Fabrication additive par fusion laser sélective (SLM) d’un superalliage base nickel : relations procédé – microstructures – propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0061.
Повний текст джерелаThe Selective Laser Melting (SLM) additive manufacturing process is a 3D metal printing process controlled by many parameters related to the machine and to the manufacturing environment. As a result, the quality of the parts (porosity rate, surface roughness) and the productivity depend on the parameters. The work carried out aims to optimize the SLM process in order to be able to produce exchangers for Air Liquide. On the other hand, once the process is optimized, it is necessary to qualify the microstructures induced by the process, and their effects on the mechanical properties. The first part of the study consisted in developing sets of parameters allowing to reduce as much as possible the porosity of the parts, while improving the surface roughness and the productivity. A lot of experimental work has been carried out on the SLM machine of the PIMM laboratory, and a wide exploration of the effects of the first and second order parameters has been done on Inconel 625. The second part of the study consisted of studying the microstructures of parts developed by SLM, from their raw state to their recrystallized state after heat treatment. The relationship between the manufacturing process and the microstructures has been demonstrated, and the mechanical properties of raw and heat-treated parts were then characterized. It appears that the manufacturing parameters will influence the raw microstructural state, on which the mechanical properties depend. Indeed, columnar grains are formed along the building direction. The use of a suitable heat treatment, however, makes it possible to cancel the effect of the process
Pavlov, Mikhail. "Application des dispositifs de diagnostic optique multi-spectraux dans les procédés de fabrication additive : fusion sélective par laser et projection laser coaxiale." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENISE007.
Повний текст джерелаThe manuscript contains four chapters including a general introduction presenting the optical diagnostics, followed by a chapter on the application of the selective laser melting and two chapters on a process of laser cladding. Chapter 1 is an introduction to optical diagnostics tools designed to measure the temperature of an object without physical contact. The importance of the choice of the spectral band as a function of temperature is also highlighted. Chapter 2 describes the study the process of selective laser melting. The first part concerns the description of the selective laser melting machine used. On this machine various optical elements have been added for visualization of powder layering process and the molten pool coaxially with the laser beam. Chapter 3 describes the study of laser cladding of titanium carbide and steel powders. This chapter begins with a bibliographical part. Thermal imaging camera (3-5 micron band) and a multi-wavelength pyrometer (1-1. 27 microns) were applied to monitor the zone of laser action. The effects of various operating parameters on the temperature profiles (true and brightness) were examined in detail. The fourth chapter describes the laser cladding on a substrate TA6V with powder of the same composition. A thermal imaging camera (3-5 microns) was applied to obtain the temperature distributions in the laser action zone
Chen, Qiang. "Modélisation numérique thermomécanique de fabrication additive par fusion sélective de lit de poudre par laser : Application aux matériaux céramiques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe application of SLM process is limited by the difficulty of process control. Its application to ceramics is especially challengeable due to their weak absorption to laser and weak resistance to thermal shock. The mastery of this process requires a full understanding of heat transfer, fluid dynamics in melt pool and solid mechanics. In this work, we propose a numerical model for the simulation of SLM process applied to ceramics. The model is developed at the track scale and with the assumption of continuous powder bed. It is based on level set method and multiphase homogenization, with which we are able to follow the evolution of gas/material interface and phase transformation. Simulations are performed to study the influence of material properties and process parameters on temperature, melt pool shape, fluid dynamics and solid mechanics. Apart from the laser power and scanning speed, material absorption is also found to be important to the thermal behavior and the melt pool shape. With the fluid dynamics, convex shape of track cross section is achieved under surface tension. Besides that, liquid droplets collapsing formed by the melting of powder create melt pool instability when falling, thus leading to track irregularity after solidification. The Marangoni effect, caused by surface tension gradient at gas/material interface, is investigated. Its influence on temperature distribution, melt pool shape and track regularity is recognized. One interesting finding is the smoothing effect of track surface with negative ∂γ/∂T. When combine surface tension with scanning speed, track surface becomes more irregular with the increase of scanning speed. The well-known balling effect is reproduced with high scanning speed. This can be helpful to find the regime for regular track shape with given laser power and scanning speed. Cracking defect is deleterious in additive manufacturing. The use of an auxiliary laser can help to avoid this defect by decreasing the maximum tensile stress. The process mode of this auxiliary laser remains an interesting subject to be studied and some guidelines have been given by the presented simulations. The model is validated by the comparison of melt pool shape with experiments under different process conditions. Simulations can also reveal the tendency of track surface variation for certain cases. By the application to multi-track deposition, the influence of hatch distance on layer surface, temperature and stress evolution is emphasized
Van, Belle Laurent. "Analyse, modélisation et simulation de l'apparition de contraintes en fusion laser métallique." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0116/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Selective Laser Melting process, belonging to Additive processes , have the ability to create structures with complex geometries , with the possibility of including cavities, such as cooling channels providing optimum temperature control. This process enables the manufacture of three-dimensional parts from metal powders by melting the material , layer by layer, in agreement with the CAD model. In the process , high temperatures and thermal gradients cycles occur in the part during the process. These temperature gradients induce heterogeneous plastic strain and residual stresses. These residual stresses may affect the quality of the part obtained, for example the fatigue life. This work aims to propose a numerical model , based on the finite element method to study the appearance of residual stresses during laser melting process of metallic powders . The ABAQUS® Multiphysics software was used to perform the thermal and mechanical analyzes. The movement of the laser beam and the resolution of the thermal problem can predict the evolution of the temperature in the part and support. The "birth and death elements" technique was used to simulate the melting and solidification of the material during the process. Dependent mechanical properties of the temperature of the maraging steel used in this case were obtained using experimental testing and characterization and were established in the model. The calculations are decoupled : initially thermal calculation is performed and the results are used to perform mechanical calculations and finally predict the residual stress fields. In this work, a novel method based on the technique of measuring residual stresses by removing layers was developed to measure these stresses directly in the process. The results provide information on the level and distribution of stresses in the created part and support. Two parameters were tested to study their influence on the level of residual stress : time to spread the powder between two successive layers and layer height. The model is used to analyze the effects of process parameters related to the distribution of residual stresses in the manufactured parts. The results show that the variation of the thickness of the support does not affect the distribution of stresses in the part created. Preheating the substrate to a temperature of 800 °C reduces the residual stresses. The study of some laser strategies shows their influence on the distribution of plastic strain thus the height of the layers of powder or in the form of support (base, columns)
Royer, Frédéric. "Fonctionnement et singularités du procédé de fusion laser sélective : Illustration par application à deux superalliages à base nickel et considérations énergétiques." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0053/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe selective laser melting (SLM) process is one of the many additive manufacturing processes that allow to rapidly build a part from a computer-aided design (CAD) file and from a powder bed. The work described here deals with the different parameters related to the process, namely the building platform stepping and the laser radiation and its interaction with the metallic matter. The first Ni-based superalloy studied here is Inconel 625 which has been subjected to a parametric study with an energetic approach. It was all about finding the maximum in the conversion of electromagnetic energy into thermal energy. Tensile tests validate the use of the energetic strategy for this alloy. The second studied alloy is Inconel 738 which is hardened by fine γ'-Ni3(Al,Ti) precipitates. Microstructure observations and differential thermal analysis reveal that the γ' precipitation is not complete when the alloy is processed by SLM. This leads to give clues for crack-free processing by adjusting the parameters and especially the preheating feature. Different heat treatments on SLMed materials have been investigated. It appears that the standard procedure applied on cast alloy to reach proper microstructure for good mechanical properties is not adapted to the SLMed alloy. New standards must be defined to comply with the initial out of equilibrium state. Last but not least, the manuscript gives information regarding the energetic use of the process which should be compared with the will of environmental impact reduction policy called by the process
Galy, Cassiopee. "Etude des interactions matériau/procédé en vue d'une optimisation des conditions opératoires du procédé de fabrication additive SLM sur des alliages d'aluminium pour des applications aéronautiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0106/document.
Повний текст джерелаInterest in selective laser melting (SLM) has been growing in recent years, particularly with regard to the production of metal parts.The low density of aluminum alloys, combined with the possible design optimization enabled by additive manufacturing processes,ensures a significant decrease in the mass of structures which is very interesting for manufacturers in the automotive and aerospaceindustries. However, it is difficult to control the final properties of aluminum parts manufactured by SLM because many defects, suchas porosity, hot cracking, and surface roughness, are generated during the process. To better understand how to optimize theperformance of SLM aluminium parts, several studies were conducted during this work: An identification and selection of characterization methods well-adapted to the specificities of metallic materials developedby powder bed additive manufacturing processes was established. For instance, the comparison of different methods ofdetermining the relative density of parts showed the advantages and disadvantages of each of the techniques; A study of the SLM machine highlighted the influence of various factors (gas flow, positions of specimens on the constructionplate, or methods of depositing the powder) on the final properties of the produced parts. These elements have an impacton the density of the parts, their surface properties, and their mechanical properties. We found that the positioning of a pieceon the tray is a critical step in the preparation of a build that is not to be neglected; Parametric studies carried out on two types of aluminum alloys—AlSi7Mg0,6 and AM205—have shown that the chemicalcomposition of the aluminum alloy used has a significant influence on the set of operating parameters required tomanufacture an acceptable aluminum alloy part. The energy density, ψ, which is the ratio of the laser power to the productof the lasing speed, the hatching distance, and the layer thickness, is conventionally used for the optimization of the operatingconditions in SLM. Our experimental studies performed at different scales (1D and 3D) have shown the limits of this criterion.The combination of these results with the numerical simulation of the lasing of a single powder bead served as a basis forthe definition of an initial model, the final objective of which will be to optimize the choice of manufacturing parameters
Moniz, da Silva Sancho Liliana. "Etude de l'interaction laser-matière pour la fabrication de pièces à haute valeur ajoutée en céramiques oxydes semi-transparentes par fusion laser sélective sur lit de poudre." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM060.
Повний текст джерелаSelective laser melting of oxide ceramics (Al2O3-ZrO2and Al2O3) is identified as a promising way to produce complex shaped parts with oriented fine microstructures, which would not be achievable by conventional sintering. These lightweight parts, presenting excellent resistance to creep at high temperature and oxidation, would appear as the answer to weight reduction and temperature increasing of turbojet engines, as compared to the usual metal parts coated with porous ceramics. The material/process coupling relies on the controlled addition of an absorber to pure ceramic powders, that compensate the quasi-transparency of these materials to Yb:YAG laser radiation. The effect on optical properties of process parameters, absorbent nature and content, compactness of the powder bed and their influence on manufacturing stability are identified. For this purpose, innovative radiative measurements in reflection and in transmission were carried out during manufacturing and for different operating conditions. These dynamic measurements through an integrating sphere provide information on the laser-material interaction mechanisms taking place in each media and they give access to optical material properties. These measurements enrich an analytical laser-matter interaction model based on the radiation attenuation by the Beer-Lambert law. This model gives a relation between melt pool dimensions, radiative propertiesof the different media (powder bed, substrate and liquid) along with the associated absorption coefficients, the process parameters and powder bed porosity. This model expresses also the apparent melted section within the powder bed, the section of the melted zone within the substrate and the consolidation section within the powder bed. Some of these calculated data are not measurable and usefully contribute to a consolidation model of the powder bed. This model takes into account the material exchanges observed between so-called bare zones (linked to the ejection of powder particles) and consolidation zones. Quantification of these particles exchanges, which have a strong impact on the LBM of these oxide ceramics, allows the definition of a specific manufacturing strategy that compensates for the bare zone formation while avoiding the formation of hot spots. These data collection enables the manufacturing of LBM ceramic oxide parts with reduced porosity and controlled micro-cracking
Masmoudi, Amal. "Modélisation et développement expérimental du procédé de fabrication additive par fusion laser sélective d'un lit de poudre métallique : influence de la pression de l'atmosphère." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0287/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe selective laser melting process (SLM) of a metallic powder bed is an innovative process that allows the manufacturing of complex shape parts directly from a CAD file via a complete melting of powder layers deposited successively. During the SLM process, the high laser energy density creates many thermal cycles: melting - vaporization - solidification.The purpose of this work was: 1) to better characterize and understand experimentally the phenomena that occur during the laser beam - powder / molten metal pool interaction and 2) to develop a numerical model taking into account the phenomena of melting and vaporizing of the material and the presence of the surrounding gas in the build chamber.In a first time, considering simple geometries (tracks and surfaces) and 316L stainless steel as material, we studied the interaction between the laser beam, the powder bed and the liquid metal pool using several experimental techniques (spectrometry, calorimetry, ...) in order to understand the nature and the role of the metal vapor generated during the process. The results showed that the vapor has no effect on the transmission of the laser beam energy to the material during the SLM process. Meanwhile it leads to the deposition of condensed vapor and also drag some molten metal droplets.In a second time a numerical model was developed to determine the influence of the pressure of the surrounding environment on the melting process of a powder bed by a laser beam. Parameters characterizing the evolution of the physical properties of the material and of the gaseous medium according to the temperature and pressure were incorporated into the model database. Some material parameters were determined from the literature and others were obtained empirically using specific experimental measurements.Finally, this numerical model, complementing experimental results, was used to treat the main subject of the thesis which is the effect of the surrounding pressure on the SLM process. The model helped to clarify the physical phenomena provided by the change in the pressure level and its validity was checked through experimental measurements
Vinson, Pierre. "Fusion sélective par laser de lits de poudre : Étude sur le recyclage de la poudre et détection de défauts au cours de la fabrication par imagerie thermique." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0068.
Повний текст джерелаDirect and additive manufacturing regroups several new technologies that are very different from conventional manufacturing processes such as casting. Aeronautic and space industries are really interested in those new processes such as the selective laser melting of metallic powder beds know as the SLM process. This PhD thesis report will show the issues of additive manufacturing and will describe some processes. A bibliography study has been done on two aeronautical alloys used in this work: titanium alloy TA6V and nickel-based superalloy Nimonic 263. This work also presents powder characterization (granulometry, morphology chemical composition) for the gas atomized powder. Besides, study has been done on the recyclability of the TA6V powder for the SLM process, for the powder itself and the mechanical properties of parts built from recycled powder. Moreover, this works deals with a powder bed consolidation model to estimate the productivity of the process. Then, a parametric and thermal study has been done on the Nimonic 263. The coaxial system for thermal visualization is described such as the image processing algorithm used. Finally, this reports deals with the study of thermal signature of typical SLM defects
Vilaro, Thomas. "Fabrication directe de pièces aéronautiques et spatiales en Nimonic 263 et A360 par le procédé de fusion sélective par laser : approche thermique, microstructurale et mécanique." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0116.
Повний текст джерелаSelective laser melting process has attracted a lot of attention from the aeronautical and spatial industry because it is possible to build up complex shaped parts directly out of powder beds. Thanks to its automation, the only requirement is a CAD file. Due to its lack of maturity, the parts elaborated by selective laser melting still present some defects such as lack of melting, needing postfabrication stages. This study is aimed at understanding the thermal, microstructural and mechanical phenomenon arising during additive manufacturing. The alloys of the study are a nickel base superalloy Nimonic 263 and an aluminium alloy A360. An industrial laser melting machine has been equipped with infrared thermal measurement devices in order to follow the evolution of the heating and the cooling rates, and the thermal gradients ahead and at the back of the melting pool. It is shown that the thermal behaviour of the process is strongly influenced by the major process parameters and especially the scanning speed of the laser beam. Due to the particular thermal regime of the process, the resulting microstructures of the Nimonic 263 and A360 are out-of-equilibrium. This workenables to follow the solidification path from the liquid to the solid for both alloys. Heat treatments based upon the as-fabricated microstructures are developped following two strategies. The high temperature strategy involves a solution treatment and a precipitation treatment in order to strengthen the alloys. The low temperature strategy comprises a medium temperature range treatment to relieve the residual stresses while maintaining the fine as-fabricated microstructrure. These various microstructures are tested in tension at room temperature. The Nimonic 263 exhibits high mechanical properties even though some manufacturing defects are observed on the fracture surfaces. It is noted a strong anisotropy between the longitudinal and the transverse direction because of the epitaxial grain growth. The mechanical properties of the A360 are close to the conventional cast properties and so whatever the heat treatment carried out
Domashenkov, Alexey. "Etude de la faisabilité de la fabrication de pièces fonctionnelles à partir d'alliages intermétalliques, matériaux métallo-céramiques et superalliages au moyen de la fusion sélective par laser." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEE004.
Повний текст джерелаProcessing of superalloys and non-conventional materials (cermets and intermetallics) by means of selective laser melting is the subject of the current study. The particular attention is paid to relations between process parameters, aspects of the materials science and resulting properties. Chapter 1 describes the principles of the involved technology and the literature review of standard materials in selective laser melting (SLM). Chapter 2 is devoted to the description of superalloys, cermets and intermetallic alloys. Issues related to laser treatment of the involved alloys are investigated. Chapter 3 describes of a single crystal superalloyThymonel-2. Three post heat treatment cycles are studied. Results of selective laser melting of ceramic powder particles B4C, cladded by a layer of pure cobalt, are shown in chapter 4. Analysis of micro- and macrostructures, as well as phase analysis, are performed. Chapter 5 is dedicated to SLM of WC/Co standard and nanophased powders. There are demonstrated strict relations between the initial size of WV elementary domains and the resulting one. Studying of the heating procedure during laser processing of NiTi is the subject of the chapter 6. Stainless steel 304L, titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and superalloys. Inconel 718 were used as building substrate materials. Chapter 7 is dedicated to the optical diagnostics of unitary track formation from aluminide of titanium, as well as to analysis of specimens obtained from this intermetallic alloy. The diagnostics was perfomed by means of a single-wave pyrometer and a thermographic camera. Chapter 8 describes the development of a mathematical model of thermal cycles during processing of a material by a concentrated source of energy. The applicability domain of the model is analyzed by the comparison of the simulation results with the experimental ones
Grange, David. "Fusion laser sélective de pièces en Inconel 738 et René 77 : vers une maîtrise de la fissuration au cours du procédé pour les superalliages à haute fraction de précipités γ'". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM029.
Повний текст джерелаLaser Beam Melting (LBM) opens up new opportunities for the manufacturing of aerospace equipment. This process increases design freedom and enables faster iterations from prototype to final part. Inconel 738 and René 77 are nickel-based superalloys with a precipitation hardening: the γ′ precipitates - whose fraction reaches 45 vol % - provide a high resistance to creep over 900◦ C, but make their shaping by LBM more complex. During the scanning of the laser beam, the materials are subjected to a high thermal gradient. Parts in Inconel 738 can therefore crack during the fabrication. Like Inconel 738, some non-weldable nickel-based superalloys are currently ineligible for a manufacturing by LBM. Our work seeks to make it possible to form such materials by LBM. We confirm the occurrence of microscopic cracks during solidification, just after laser fusion. Minimal cracking of the material is achieved with small melt pools and a high overlap between two adjacent pools. This result is discussed in the light of solidification theory. We then find evidence of macroscopic cracking during the heat treatment after the fabrication by LBM, more precisely during the first heating ramp oft he solution heat treatment, starting from 700◦ C. The cracking is the result of high residual stresses and of a hyperfine γ′ precipitation at low temperature. Inconel 738 is more susceptible than René 77 to both types of cracking due to a different composition of the γ′ phase and trace elements content. Finally, a second heating laser is used to control the thermal gradient and the cooling rate near the molten bath. We demonstrate the value of such a system for the shaping of refractory materials
Massard, Quentin. "Compréhension et maîtrise de la mise en oeuvre en fabrication additive d’aciers à haute teneur en carbone tel que le 100Cr6 par fusion sélective par laser sur lit de poudre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDL0024.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, the production of steel parts by additive manufacturing (AM) is a central topic in the world of industry, including automotive. Indeed, the possibilities offered by additive manufacturing are diverse and numerous (weight reduction, complex shapes, ...). 100Cr6 is a high mechanical performance steel, mainly used for the production of ball bearings, due to its high hardness and fatigue resistance. A processability study of 100Cr6 steel produced by selective laser melting on powder bed was first performed. After having characterized the physical and chemical properties of the material, dense and non-cracked samples were produced through a parametric optimization. A post-treatment cycle was defined and plane tensile tests and rotary bending fatigue tests were performed.In order to understand and control the cracking phenomenon of 100Cr6 when used in L-PBF, a thorough metallurgical study (microhardness, optical imaging, SEM, XRD, EBSD) was conducted. The influence of the use of the heating plate on the formation of Bainite and Martensite and their impact on cracking was highlighted.Finally, a recyclability study of the oxidized 100Cr6 powder was carried out through the use of a radiofrequency plasma spheroidization machine. A powder feed rate in the plasma allowing to regenerate the physical and rheological properties of the powder was defined. A cleaning method to improve the chemical properties of the powder was also proposed
Marion, Guillaume. "Modélisation de procédés de fabrication additive de pièces aéronautiques et spatiales en Ti-6AI-4V par dépôt et fusion sélective d'un lit de poudre par laser : Approche thermique, métallurgique et mécanique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM055.
Повний текст джерелаAdditive manufacturing processes allow to build finished industrial parts with very complex geometry, while reducing development time and costs compared to conventional manufacturing processes. The main principle of all these processes is to build components directly from a CAD file defining its geometry without requiring any mold nor specific tools.This study is part of the FALAFEL research project focused on additive manufacturing processes by laser and electron beams. It is composed of academic research laboratories and industrial partners from Aeronautics and Laser Processes industries. The main goal of this project is to implement, improve and validate additive manufacturing processes regarding the production of metallic components for Aeronautics. Studies are conducted under industrial conditions.The aim of our thesis is to provide a numerical model to obtain, within a reasonable time, information about the mechanical and metallurgical properties of industrial components made out of titanium Ti-6Al-4V. It is aimed at two additive manufacturing processes: the Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) and the Selective laser melting (SLM)
Autones, Lucas. "Élaboration d’aciers ODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) par fabrication additive laser et cold spray : compréhension des relations procédés - microstructures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR004.
Повний текст джерелаODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) steels are materials that exhibit very good resistance to creep and swelling under irradiation. These properties make them good candidates for cladding materials in Generation IV reactors, or for structural materials in thermonuclear fusion reactors. The dispersion of the nano-oxides, which reinforce the material, is obtained by powder metallurgy. Mechanical-alloying of an atomized steel powder with an oxide powder (Y2O3) results in the oxide dissolution in the matrix. During hot consolidation (hot isostatic pression or hot extrusion), the precipitation of the nano-oxides takes place. Designs of component with these materials and their final geometry could be improved using additive manufacturing.Since the 2010s, recent developments in additive manufacturing technologies could enable to reduce lead times and costs, while increasing the geometric, hierarchical and functional complexity of parts. They pave the way to new freedom of design compared to conventional subtractive manufacturing processes.The objective of this thesis work was to assess the potentials of different additive manufacturing techniques (SLM, DMD, and Cold Spray) for ODS steels.Thus, three types of ODS powder (mechanically-alloyed, composite and STARS) were obtained to determine the most interesting powder-process combinations. The materials produced from these different combinations have been characterized at several scales. The amount of macroscopic defects (porosities, cracks) was analyzed in order to optimize the manufacturing parameters. Their granular microstructure was observed before and after annealing at 1100 °C by optical and electron microscopy (SEM, EBSD). The nano-precipitation was analyzed by SEM, TEM and by small angle X-rays scattering. An image analysis method combining high definition electron microscopy images and a machine learning software was implemented. Finally, the high temperature tensile properties of these different materials were evaluated and are in good agreement with their microstructural characteristics. The comparison of the whole characterization results enabled to select the relevant manufacturing paths.The results obtained indicate that laser additive manufacturing processes (SLM, DMD) lead to ODS steels with low performance, regardless the type of powder used. The yttrium content can greatly decrease after consolidation. It also forms fragile Y-rich coarse phases, and the density of the nano-precipitates population appears very low. These microstructural characteristics induce tensile properties equivalent to those of an unreinforced steel. Nevertheless, the composite powder elaboration method implemented in this work makes it very easy to adapt the nature and content of the reinforcements added to the base powder. Using TiC nano-particles, very fine microstructures composed of equiaxed grains were obtained. These unusual microstructures in laser additive manufacturing offer interesting prospects.ODS steels obtained by cold spray from a mechanically-alloyed powder have characteristics similar to conventional ODS steels. After annealing, these materials have a microstructure similar to the ODS steels obtained by HIP. However, the coarse grains take up a much larger fraction of the microstructure and attest to a more advanced recrystallization. The lower hardness and elastic limit of this material compared to its HIP equivalent confirm this result, which is very encouraging if further shaping should be aimed. The very high density of Y-Ti-O nano-oxides in the Cold Sprayed ODS steel enables to achieve a mechanical resistance at 700 °C which is 50 MPa higher than the HIPed ODS. However, this material exhibits a loss of ductility which will have to be resolved. The analyzes carried out enabled to suggest two mechanisms to explain this damage, which would be caused by the presence of microcracks and porosities in the part
Chniouel, Aziz. "Etude de l’élaboration de l’acier inoxydable 316L par fusion laser sélective sur lit de poudre : influence des paramètres du procédé, des caractéristiques de la poudre, et des traitements thermiques sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS379/document.
Повний текст джерелаAdditive Manufacturing (AM) recently became an attractive manufacturing process in several industrial fields such as aeronautics, aerospace and automotive. The exploitation of AM processes for the nuclear industry is currently being studied in different countries. The AM enables the creation of optimized parts with complex geometries impossible to manufacture with conventional processes. This thesis aims to determine the potential contribution of AM processes for the production of metal components for various nuclear applications including future Generation IV reactors. First, the microstructural and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel parts built by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process are presented. Three thematics were assessed in this study: the SLM process parameters, the powder characteristics and two post heat treatments (700 ° C-1h and hot isostatic pressing: 1100 ° C-3h under 1800 Bar). Their effects on microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed. Tensile properties of 316L steel specimens were measured and compared to those of forged 316L steel described in the nuclear field by RCC-MRX standards. The results obtained are superior to those of the standard and comparable to those of a forged steel. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of interactions between the process parameters, the microstructure and the mechanical properties
Chang, Cheng. "Study on the Microstructure and Characteristics of CX Stainless Steel Formed via Selective Laser Melting." Thesis, Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0021.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough CX steel has gained considerable attentions, a systematic research on the selective laser melted (SLM) CX steel is still lacking. For this reason, this study aims to fill this research gap by focusing on the material design, manufacturing process, microstructural evolution, post-processing methods and material properties of the SLM CX steel. Aiming to explore the effect of SLM process parameters and post-processing methods on the microstructure and properties of the CX steel, a systematic study on the microstructural evolution and material properties of the SLM CX steel was conducted. Under optimal linear density, SLM CX steel samples with good surface roughness and high relative density can be fabricated. In order to further improve the overall performance of the SLM CX steel, a thorough study was carried out on the SLM TiC/CX steel composites under different titanium carbide contents. Nearly full dense SLM 10wt.% TiC/CX steel with favorable surface roughness can be attained. Two types of surface modification methods were applied so as to ameliorate the surface quality of the SLM CX steel. High-performance LC 5wt.% WC/NiCrBSi-WC coatings with ultra-high hardness and exceptional wear resistance were successfully manufactured on the SLM CX steel via LC technology. Additionally, an advanced surface mechanical attrition treatment method was utilized to enhance the surface properties of the SLM CX steel. In short, this work will be useful for further research of the SLM CX steel
Liu, Xin. "Numerical modeling and simulation of selective laser sintering in polymer powder bed." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI012/document.
Повний текст джерелаMany industrial and academic interests concerning the additive manufacturing processes are developed in the last decades. As one of the most promising technique of additive manufacturing, the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) has been valued by both industry and academic. However, it remains that several phenomena are still not well understood in order to properly model the process and propose quality improvement of parts made. The goal of this Ph.D. project is to develop a framework of numerical simulation in order to model the SLS process in polymer powder bed, meanwhile understanding multiple physical phenomena occurring during the process and studying the influence of process parameters on the quality of final product. In contrast to traditional approach, based on the equivalent homogeneous material in numerical modeling of partial differential equations derived from conservation laws, we propose a global model to simulate powder-based additive manufacturing by using the Discrete Element method (DEM). It consists in a coupling between four different physical models: radiative heat transfer, discrete heat conduction, sintering and granular dynamics models. Firstly, the submodel of radiative heat transfer concerns the interaction between the laser beam and powder bed. Several phenomena are considered, including the reflection, transmission, absorption and scattering. Besides, a modified Monte Carlo ray-tracing method is developed in order to study the influence of scattering on the distribution of the deposited laser energy inside the powder bed Furthermore, the submodel of discrete heat conduction describes the inter-particles heat diffusion. Moreover, the sintering submodel concerns the phenomena of coalescence and air diffusion. It describes the melting kinetics of grains, driven by surface tension and the release of entrapped gases inside powder bed. Finally, the granular dynamics submodel concerns the motions and contacts between particles when depositing a new layer of powders. The coupling between these submodels leads to propose a global numerical framework, validated by comparing the results to both simulated and experimental ones from literatures. A parametric study is then proposed for model validation and process analysis. The Influence of different material and process parameters on the evolution of temperature, relative density and materials structure and characteristics are investigated. The results exhibit accurate modeling of the complex phenomena occurring during the SLS process, and the work constitute a great potential in modeling and optimization of additive processes
Song, Bo. "Nouvelles voies de fabrication d'alliages métalliques à hautes performances à partir de poudres." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004824.
Повний текст джерелаRabi, Oussama. "Réflexion sélective non-linéaire dans un milieu gazeux résonant." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA132012.
Повний текст джерелаDa, Cunha Louis. "Synthèse, mécanisme et cinétique de polymérisation à l'état fondu de prépolymère à réactivité élevée et sélective de type bismaleimide." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3036.
Повний текст джерелаEvans, Peter John. "Laser plasma interaction for application to fusion energy /." View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030724.133202/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаEvans, Peter J., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Laser plasma interaction for application to fusion energy." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Evans_P.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/293.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science (Hons)
Fedina, Tatiana. "Laser beam-material interaction in Powder Bed Fusion." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Produkt- och produktionsutveckling, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-84303.
Повний текст джерелаYevko, Vladimir. "Cladding formation in laser-beam fusion of metal powder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0007/MQ33971.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCraciun, Daniela. "Image-laser fusion for 3D modeling in complex environments." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSTA058.
Повний текст джерелаOne might wonder what can be gained from the image-laser fusion and in which measure such a hybrid system can generate automatically complete and photorealist 3D models of difficult to access and unstructured underground environments. In such environments, special attention must be given to the main issue standing behind the automation of the 3D modeling pipeline whic is represented by the capacity to match reliably image and laser data in GPS-denied and feature-less areas. In addition, time and in-situ access constraints require fast and automatic procedures for in-situ data acquisition, processing and interpretation in order to allow for in situ verification of the 3D scene model completeness. Finally, the currently generated 3D model represents the only available information providing situational awareness based on which autonomous behavior must be build in order to enable the system to act intelligently onthe- fly and explore the environment for ensuring the 3D scene model completeness. This dissertation evaluates the potential of a hybrid image-laser system for generating in-situ complete and photorealist 3D models of challenging environments, without requiring human operator intervention. The presented research focuses on two main aspects: (i) the automation of the 30 modeling pipeline, targeting the automatic data matching in feature-less and GPS-denied areas for in situ world modeling and (ii) the exploitation of the generated 3D models along with visual servoing procedures to provide mobile systems with autonomous site digitization and exploration capabilities. We design a complementary and cooperative image-laser fusion which lead to a 4D mosaicing sensor prototype
Cherri, Alexis. "Poudres PEKK pour la fabrication additive par fusion laser." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022HESAE031.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, the need to develop ever more innovative and efficient materials puts constant pressure on a large number of industrial sectors. Among them, aeronautics, aerospace, transport and energy production sectors seek to lighten the structure of their equipment in order to reduce energy consumption and minimize their environmental footprint. This reduction generally results in the conversion of metallic and dense materials towards plastic and lighter materials. The specificities of these industrial sectors, as well as the conditions of temperature, pressure, and accelerated aging to which some of their equipment are constrained, impose very precise specifications. The selective laser sintering process (also called SLS), recently implemented for the manufacture of thermoplastic parts, is of great interest for these different sectors of activity in which custom-made parts with complex geometry are often required. This process consists of the layer-by-layer manufacturing of parts by selective melting of powder by a laser beam. PEKK, a high performance semi-crystalline thermoplastic copolymer, validates many of the criteria for use in SLS manufacturing. However, the still limited knowledge that we have of this polymer, as well as its copolymer-like structure, still require substantial research work to this day. The aim of this work was to deepen our knowledge of the properties of crystallization and melting of a commercially available PEKK grade designed for use in SLS. These properties are of key importance for the successful implementation of the SLS process. A second objective was to develop a new grade of PEKK copolymers with a regular structure. In order to better understand the crystallization properties of our polymers, a model was used and a combination of SAXS / WAXS, DSC and rheological studies is carried out. The way of using in SLS the new grade of PEKK, hitherto very little explored, was also studied. We demonstrated that the copolymer with the regular chain structure exhibits a much simpler crystallization mechanism and a higher crystallization enthalpy which may be a advantage for use in SLS
Spalding, Jon David. "Homodyne target tracking for direct drive laser inertial fusion." Diss., [La Jolla, Calif.] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1462098.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed March 13, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).
Calder, Neil J. "Laser welding of certain airframe alloys." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366402.
Повний текст джерелаJakobi, Martin. "Laser speckle based surface measurement techniques relevant to fusion devices." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960674144.
Повний текст джерелаAzevedo, Rui Filipe Cabral de. "Sensor fusion of laser and vision in active pedestrian detection." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14414.
Повний текст джерелаThis work explores a technique of sensor fusion that aims to equip vehicles with pedestrian fast detection mechanisms in exterior environments. This method restricts image areas of search based on indicators obtained by another sensor (LIDAR). This technique is based on the idea that when having a registration among the involved sensors, one "fast" sensor, but inaccurate, that can indicate regions where potential pedestrian are located on the image, and another sensor, "slower" but more robust that is used to confirm detection more accurately. So, an algorithm was created to merge two algorithms, a LIDAR-based tracking and a vision-based detection algorithm; The LIDAR indicates the precise location and scale of the potential pedestrian on the image, and crop the image relative to the potential pedestrian, being processed afterwards by one pedestrian detection algorithm to validate the classification. The method is tested in two different cases and the results confirm their validity.
Este trabalho explora uma técnica de fusão sensorial que visa dotar veículos de mecanismos rápidos de detecção de peões em ambiente exterior. O método restringe as zonas de procura numa imagem com base em indicadores obtidos por outro sensor (LIDAR). Esta técnica tem como base a idéia de que havendo um registo entre os sensores envolvidos, um sensor "rápido" mas pouco preciso, pode indicar as regiões onde potencialmente há alvos, e outro sensor, "lento" mas mais robusto, é utilizado para fazer a confirmação da deteção. Com vista a explorar essas propriedades, foi criado um algoritmo que utiliza a informação de dois sensores, para primeiro selecionar, de entre muitos objectos, possíveis peões(fase LIDAR) e dada a informação da localização do possível pedestre, uma imagem já à escala e precisa da localização, é recortada da imagem inicial, sendo a mesma enviada a ser processada por um detetor de peões (sensor mais robusto), permitindo a sua rigorosa classificação. O método é testado em dois conjuntos de dados diferentes e os resultados confirmam a sua validade.
BOSIO, FEDERICO. "Laser Powder Bed Fusion of AlSi10Mg+4Cu and AlSi10Mg alloys." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2898034.
Повний текст джерелаGassem, Faouzi. "Etude de faisabilité d'une nouvelle méthode d'irradiation laser spatialement sélective et applications dans le domaine biomédical." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112196.
Повний текст джерелаResearch of new selectivity means for laser treatment in the biomedical domain is not currently an active field, contrary to the analysis of cells and tissues by light which is in an intense phase of evolution. My work consisted of proposing a selective light deposition system and of looking for the potential applications of such a device. I have achieved an experimental setup using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and allowing the control of the light repartition relating to the video image of the surface to be treated. This control uses an automatic image analysis. Experimental results have allowed the evaluation of the performances that can be actually reached by the irradiation system. In fact we get a spatial resolution about 30 æm without having reached the limits of our system, and a hardiness and a simplicity of implementation because we use no mobile parts in the system. On the other hand our solution is limited as for the maximal dose of the deliverable energy. Function of the actual performances and those that we think accessible after adding improvement, we have tried to look for the application for which this irradiation system could have a consequent contribution. We have been brought to put a side the most current applications of laser treatments because of either the implemented biologic processes or the limitations of the system. However it appears that the characteristics of the system seem to be perfectly adapted to the manipulation of the cellular and tissular growth
Renard, Stéphanie. "Synthèse, spectroscopie sélective et fonctionnement laser de CaF2 : TM3+ sous forme massive et en couches minces." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2032.
Повний текст джерелаMasuku, Anthony Dumisani. "Planetary rovers and data fusion." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9883.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Silva Jayasekera Varthula Janya. "Systematic Generation of Lack-of-Fusion Defects for Effects of Defects Studies in Laser Powder Bed Fusion AlSi10Mg." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1598531488781737.
Повний текст джерелаSarri, Gianluca. "Investigations of laser-plasma interactions of relevance to inertial confinement fusion." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534604.
Повний текст джерелаKoehler, Timothy Philip. "Quantification of initial conditions in turbulent liquid sheets using laser-doppler velocimetry." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131234/unrestricted/koehler%5Ftimothy%5Fp%5F200405%5Fms.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIordache, Luminita. "Analyse tribo-métallurgique des rechargements base cobalt par fusion soudage d'outillages à chaud." Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENAM0065.
Повний текст джерелаStrozzi, D. J. (David J. ). "Vlasov simulations of kinetic enhancement of Raman backscatter in laser fusion plasmas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34974.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-156).
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is studied in plasmas relevant to inertial confinement fusion (ICF). The Eulerian Vlasov-Maxwell code ELVIS was developed and run for this purpose. Plasma waves are heavily Landau damped in the regimes of interest, and coupled-mode theory predicts back-scattered SRS is a convective instability. Simulations in a finite length, homogeneous plasma show electron trapping drastically elevates the reflected light over convective gain values ("kinetic enhancement"). Average reflectivities are [approx.] 10%, while the instantaneous reflectivity is chaotic and does not reach a steady state. Trapping reduces the plasma-wave Landau damping and downshifts the observed frequencies from their linear values. Two longitudinal acoustic (? ? k) features and light from possible stimulated electron acoustic scattering (SEAS) are present. The phase-matched SEAS plasmon lies on the observed acoustic mode with phase velocity 1.3(Te/me)1/2. As the pump laser intensity is increased or the electron temperature is decreased, SRS transitions sharply from the coupled-mode steady state to kinetically enhanced levels. Enhancement happens for different back SRS seed levels and monochromatic or broadband seeds. Simulations with a Krook relaxation operator to mimic speckle sideloss display enhancement when resonant electrons complete a bounce orbit before escaping, with a sharp onset as the relaxation rate varies. The sudden development of kinetic enhancement as parameters change suggests trapping makes SRS absolutely unstable.
(cont.) Simulations with mobile ions give kinetic enhancement until a burst of activity occurs near the laser entrance, after which back SRS is low. The burst contains several Brillouin and Raman re-scatters and subsequent Langmuir decay instability (LDI), although no LDI of back SRS is seen. SRS runs in a density gradient show kinetic enhancement for long scale lengths and coupledmode convective levels for shorter ones. The reflectivity is higher when the pump propagates toward higher, rather than lower, density. The amplitude of externally-driven plasma waves in a density gradient is also enhanced over linear levels and displays a similar directional asymmetry. These results imply kinetic enhancement of SRS may be a concern in hohlraum plasmas for ICF experiments such as the National Ignition Facility.
by David J. Strozzi.
Ph.D.
Eriksson, Philip. "Evaluation of mechanical and microstructural properties for laser powder-bed fusion 316L." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355882.
Повний текст джерелаViña, Carlos. "Laser based sensor fusion and control for the tele-operation of minidrones." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066525/document.
Повний текст джерелаAerial robotics is a prominent field of research that has seen great commercial success during the last years due to the development of highly efficient and affordable small-sized airborne platforms, commonly referred to as mini-drones. This has opened the way to promising new applications in surveillance and inspection tasks. In recent years, this has been a key subject of research in the power industry, where power utilities are subject to deterioration due to atmospheric conditions and require extensive monitoring programs. Mini-drones have the potential of fully automating the inspection process, further reducing costs and inspection times. In this context, this thesis addresses autonomous electric tower inspections with mini-drones. Namely, self-localization, the first step in a long series of tasks towards achieving fully autonomous capabilities, is the main focus of this work. We explore how 2D laser scanners can be coupled with commonly available sensors to estimate a mini-drone's 6 degree of freedom pose in real-time, using uniquely on-board sensing and processing capabilities. This thesis develops topics from classic scan matching algorithms, such as the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm and proposed adaptations to the electric tower scene, to sensor fusion and feed-back control. Validations based on experimental flights and extensive simulations are presented
Kemerling, Brandon L. "Development of a Weldability Testing Strategy for Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Applications." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu152380570674288.
Повний текст джерела