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1
Guillen Bonilla, Guillen Bonilla, Rodríguez Betancourtt, Casillas Zamora, Sánchez Morales, Gildo Ortiz, and Guillen Bonilla. "Signal Analysis, Signal Demodulation and Numerical Simulation of a Quasi-Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor Based on FDM/WDM Techniques and Fabry-Pérot Interferometers." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 12, 2019): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081759.
Анотація:
In civil engineering quasi-distributed optical fiber sensors are used for reinforced concrete monitoring, precast concrete monitoring, temperature monitoring, strain monitoring and temperature/strain monitoring. These quasi-distributed sensors necessarily apply some multiplexing technique. However, on many occasions, two or more multiplexing techniques are combined to increase the number of local sensors and then the cost of each sensing point is reduced. In this work, a signal analysis and a new signal demodulation algorithm are reported for a quasi-distributed optic fiber sensor system based on Frequency Division Multiplexing/Wavelength Division Multiplexing (FDM/WDM) and low-precision Fabry-Pérot interferometers. The mathematical analysis and the new algorithm optimize its design, its implementation, improve its functionality and reduce the cost per sensing point. The analysis was corroborated by simulating a quasi-distributed sensor in operation. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are in concordance. The optimization considers multiplexing techniques, signal demodulation, physical parameters, system noise, instrumentation, and detection technique. Based on our analysis and previous results reported, the optical sensing system can have more than 4000 local sensors and it has practical applications in civil engineering.
2
McCarrick, Heather, Erin Healy, Zeeshan Ahmed, Kam Arnold, Zachary Atkins, Jason E. Austermann, Tanay Bhandarkar, et al. "The Simons Observatory Microwave SQUID Multiplexing Detector Module Design." Astrophysical Journal 922, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2232.
Анотація:
Abstract Advances in cosmic microwave background (CMB) science depend on increasing the number of sensitive detectors observing the sky. New instruments deploy large arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers tiled densely into ever larger focal planes. High multiplexing factors reduce the thermal loading on the cryogenic receivers and simplify their design. We present the design of focal-plane modules with an order of magnitude higher multiplexing factor than has previously been achieved with TES bolometers. We focus on the novel cold readout component, which employs microwave SQUID multiplexing (μmux). Simons Observatory will use 49 modules containing 70,000 bolometers to make exquisitely sensitive measurements of the CMB. We validate the focal-plane module design, presenting measurements of the readout component with and without a prototype detector array of 1728 polarization-sensitive bolometers coupled to feedhorns. The readout component achieves a 95% yield and a 910 multiplexing factor. The median white noise of each readout channel is 65 pA / Hz . This impacts the projected SO mapping speed by <8%, which is less than is assumed in the sensitivity projections. The results validate the full functionality of the module. We discuss the measured performance in the context of SO science requirements, which are exceeded.
3
TAN, FREDDY SUSANTO, HENRY KELDERMAN, and ALFRED DRIESSEN. "ULTRA-COMPACT SPECTRAL SLICER DEVICES BASED ON MICRORING RESONATORS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 14, no. 02 (June 2005): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863505002700.
Анотація:
In Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), access network spectral slicer devices in connection with a broadband light source are attracting low-cost alternatives for the laser diodes that are required for transmission in the desired wavelength channels. The proposed ultra-compact spectral slicer devices consist of microring resonators with slightly different radius and consequently slightly different resonant wavelength. Single and cascaded multiple microring devices have been fabricated and characterized to demonstrate the desired functionality. Cascaded devices show better performance in term of lower crosstalk, higher rejection ratio and faster roll-off. Moreover, they open the possibility to improve the spectral efficiency of the individual channels without introducing additional channel crosstalk.
4
Szabó, Gábor, and Eszter Udvary. "Advanced Approximation of Channel Quality in a VLC CDM System." Infocommunications journal, no. 2 (2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2018.2.2.
Анотація:
Expanding the functionality of LED indoor lighting with visible light communication (VLC) allows an additional communication channel beside wireless radio in buildings. This service may be based on various channel access methods and modulation types. Code division multiplexing (CDM) is a suitable method to such an application, but it is complicated to measure the signal quality which is essential to compare different codes and settings, and necessary for some applications like position-dependent information services. Computing crest factor is a suitable method to estimate quality, but it may be inaccurate in some cases. This paper presents novel methods to approximate the quality of received CDM signals along with the crest factor, aiding the more accurate investigation of the VLC CDM technique.
5
Jia, Hao, Shanglin Yang, Ting Zhou, Sizhu Shao, Xin Fu, Lei Zhang, and Lin Yang. "WDM-compatible multimode optical switching system-on-chip." Nanophotonics 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2019): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0005.
Анотація:
AbstractThe development of optical interconnect techniques greatly expands the communication bandwidth and decreases the power consumption at the same time. It provides a prospective solution for both intra-chip and inter-chip links. Herein reported is an integrated wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)-compatible multimode optical switching system-on-chip (SoC) for large-capacity optical switching among processors. The interfaces for the input and output of the processor signals are electrical, and the on-chip data transmission and switching process are optical. It includes silicon-based microring optical modulator arrays, mode multiplexers/de-multiplexers, optical switches, microring wavelength de-multiplexers and germanium-silicon high-speed photodetectors. By introducing external multi-wavelength laser sources, the SoC achieved the function of on-chip WDM and mode-division multiplexing (MDM) hybrid-signal data transmission and switching on a standard silicon photonics platform. As a proof of concept, signals with a 25 Gbps data rate are implemented on each microring modulator of the fabricated SoC. We illustrated 25 × 3 × 2 Gbps on-chip data throughput with two-by-two multimode switching functionality through implementing three wavelength-channels and two mode-channel hybrid-multiplexed signals for each multimode transmission waveguide. The architecture of the SoC is flexible to scale, both for the number of supported processors and the data throughput. The demonstration paves the way to a large-capacity multimode optical switching SoC.
6
Sharma, Bhubneshwar. "VIRTUAL CIRCUITS THAT MAY BE �PERMANENT� TO MAKE M-BANKING APPLICATION AS A SUCCESS BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE FOR ANALYSING VARIABLE SIZED PACKETS AND FRAMES." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 1, no. 10 (December 30, 2015): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v1i10.2748.
Анотація:
ATM provides functionality that is similar to bothcircuit switchingandpacket switchingnetworks: ATM usesasynchronoustime-division multiplexing, and encodes data into small, fixed-sizedpackets(ISO-OSIframes) calledcells.This differs from approaches such as theInternet ProtocolorEthernetthat use variable sized packets and frames. ATM uses aconnection-orientedmodel in which avirtual circuitmust be established between two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins. These virtual circuits may be permanent To make m-banking application a success bandwidth management is an important issue. The increased flexibility and mobility feature of wireless ATM and its bandwidth on demand function is motivating a large number of carriers towards deployment of the WATM networks. But there are certain issues which are required to be addressed in WATM. The issues are cost effective planning of network, location management and handover management
7
Raut, Bibek, Li-Jiun Chen, Takeshi Hori, and Hirokazu Kaji. "An Open-Source Add-On EVOM® Device for Real-Time Transepithelial/Endothelial Electrical Resistance Measurements in Multiple Transwell Samples." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030282.
Анотація:
This study provides design of a low-cost and open source add-on device that enhances the functionality of the popular EVOM® instrument for transepithelial/endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement. The original EVOM® instrument is designed for measuring TEER in transwell samples manually using a pair of Ag/AgCl electrodes. The inconsistency in electrode placement, temperature variation, and a typically large (12–24 h) time interval between measurements result in large data variabilities. Thus, to solve the current limitation of the EVOM® instrument, we built an add-on device using a custom designed electronic board and a 3D printed electrode holder that allowed automated TEER measurements in multiple transwell samples. To demonstrate the functionality of the device prototype, we monitored TEER in 4 transwell samples containing retinal cells (ARPE-19) for 67 h. Furthermore, by monitoring temperature of the cell culture medium, we were able to detect fluctuations in TEER due to temperature change after the medium change process, and were able to correct the data offset. Although we demonstrated the use of our add-on device on EVOM® instrument only, the concept (multiplexing using digitally controlled relays) and hardware (custom data logger) presented here can be applied to more advanced TEER instruments to improve the performance of those devices.
8
Hu, Yuze, Mingyu Tong, Siyang Hu, Weibao He, Xiang’ai Cheng, and Tian Jiang. "Multidimensional engineered metasurface for ultrafast terahertz switching at frequency-agile channels." Nanophotonics 11, no. 7 (February 22, 2022): 1367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0774.
Анотація:
Abstract The ability to actively manipulate free-space optical signals by using tunable metasurfaces is extremely appealing for many device applications. However, integrating photoactive semiconductors into terahertz metamaterials still suffers from a limited functionality. The ultrafast switching in picosecond timescale can only be operated at a single frequency channel. In the hybrid metasurface proposed here, we experimentally demonstrate a dual-optically tunable metaphotonic device for ultrafast terahertz switching at frequency-agile channels. Picosecond ultrafast photoswitching with a 100% modulation depth is realized at a controllable operational frequency of either 0.55 THz or 0.86 THz. The broadband frequency agility and ultrafast amplitude modulation are independently controlled by continuous wave light and femtosecond laser pulse, respectively. The frequency-selective, temporally tunable, and multidimensionally-driven features can empower active metamaterials in advanced multiplexing of information, dual-channel wireless communication, and several other related fields.
9
Schober, Christian, Lisa Lausmann, Kevin Treptow, Christof Pruss, and Stephan Reichelt. "Complex illumination system for fast interferometric measurements." EPJ Web of Conferences 287 (2023): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328702002.
Анотація:
Freeform metrology is an enabling technology for today’s research and advanced manufacturing. The Tilted Wave Interferometer is a full field measurement system for fast and flexible measurements. It is based on an off-axis illumination scheme based on a microlens array. In this contribution, we present a novel illumination system for the tilted wave interferometer, that allows to reduce the measurement time by a factor of four using parallelization based on wavelength multiplexing. Here we present a design solution that utilizes the flexibility of 3D-printing. The microlenses are realized as multi-order diffractive optical elements, providing a high efficiency compared to colorfilter based realizations. To boost the light efficiency of the novel illumination system further, a field lens functionality is added to the system by adding individual micro-prisms to each microlens. The system is manufactured by the use of grayscale two-photon polymerisation.
10
Fisser, Maximilian, Xiyong Huang, Dominic A. Moseley, Chris Bumby, and Rodney A. Badcock. "Evaluation of continuous fiber Bragg grating and signal processing method for hotspot detection at cryogenic temperatures." Superconductor Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (April 5, 2022): 054005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac5d68.
Анотація:
Abstract The recent adoption of high-T c superconductor (HTS) wires for ultra-high field magnet windings provide great promise for future applications, such as high-power generators and Tokamak fusion reactors. However, an open issue with the use of HTS is the challenge of rapidly detecting a hot spot which could lead to a quench. Optical fiber sensors have been shown to be promising alternatives to the voltage-based quench detection method. In this paper, we report on ultra-long fiber Bragg gratings (ULFBG) for hotspot detection at cryogenic temperatures using a new detection algorithm. This novel sensing system is suitable for applications in which solely the occurrence of a hotspot but not its precise location is of importance. This is the case e.g. for quench detection in HTS. The developed system provides the advantages of cost reduction and faster response time compared to conventional FBGs with wavelength-division multiplexing and continuous FBGs with time-division multiplexing, respectively. We demonstrate the functionality of the system for the ULFBG with a grating length of 100 mm and 500 mm at 77 K and 90 K respectively. The ULFBG is shown to respond as fast as conventional FBG, to a hot spot as small as 1 K temperature rise. Furthermore, using the proposed signal processing algorithm, ULFBG exhibits much higher signal to noise ratio than that from the conventional FBG. It is believed that artificial intelligence based technique can assist the signal processing algorithm in detecting a small hot spot more rapidly from the big spectral data in real-time.
11
Washington, Richard, Dmitriy Garmatyuk, Saba Mudaliar, and Ram M. Narayanan. "Many-Objective RadarCom Signal Design via NSGA-II Genetic Algorithm Implementation and Simulation Analysis." Remote Sensing 14, no. 15 (August 6, 2022): 3787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153787.
Анотація:
In this communication, we investigate the performance of the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) in many-objective optimization scenarios pertaining to joint radar and communication functionality. We introduce five objectives relevant to sensing and secure communications and develop a cost function where these objectives can be individually prioritized by a user. We consider three scenarios: Radar Priority, Communication Priority, and All (Objectives) Equal; we then demonstrate the optimization results using an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radarcom signal. The objectives with selected weights are shown to improve system performance and thereby validate the viability of our approach. The Radar Priority scenario showed the best improvement in probability of detection, PSLR, and PAPR. Compared to the baseline performance values, the improvements were: from 94.05% to 96%, from 11.7 to 13.6 dB, and from 9.46 to 7.09 dB, respectively. The communication scenario saw the best improvement in BER and clutter similarity (measured by NRMSE) from 3.52% to 0.39% and 0.87 to 0.59, respectively.
12
Xia, Yuhao, Shanglin Yang, Jiaqi Niu, Xin Fu, and Lin Yang. "Strict non-blocking four-port optical router for mesh photonic network-on-chip." Journal of Semiconductors 43, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 092301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/9/092301.
Анотація:
Abstract We report a strict non-blocking four-port optical router that is used for a mesh photonic network-on-chip on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The router consists of eight silicon microring switches that are tuned by the thermo-optic effect. For each tested rousting state, the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical router is larger than 13.8 dB at the working wavelength. The routing functionality of the device is verified. We perform 40 Gbps nonreturn to zero code data transmission on its 12 optical links. Meanwhile, data transmission using wavelength division multiplexing on eight channels in the C band (from 1525 to 1565 nm) has been adopted to increase the communication capacity. The optical router’s average energy efficiency is 25.52 fJ/bit. The rising times (10% to 90%) of the eight optical switch elements are less than 10 µs and the falling times (90%–10%) are less than 20 µs.
13
Tang, S., and F. Bonini. "Prototype hardware design and testing of the global common module for the global trigger subsystem of the ATLAS phase-II upgrade." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): C05026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/05/c05026.
Анотація:
Abstract The High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will deliver more than ten times the integrated luminosity of the previous runs combined. Meeting its stricter throughput requirements poses new challenges to the Trigger and Data Acquisition (TDAQ) systems of the LHC experiments. Introduced in the framework of the ATLAS experiment’s HL upgrade, the Global Trigger (GT) is a new subsystem which will perform offline-like algorithms on full-granularity calorimeter data. The implementation of the GT’s functionality is firmware-focused and is composed of three layers: multiplexing (or data aggregating), global event processing, and demultiplexing interface to the central trigger processor. Each layer will be composed of several, similar nodes, hosted on replicas of identical hardware, the Global Common Module (GCM), an ATCA front board which is designed to be adopted throughout the entire GT subsystem. This article proceeds from the TWEPP 2021 conference and presents the GCM hardware design, performed in 2020, and focuses on some key results of its extensive testing performed in 2021.
14
Kim, Seungmo, Junsung Choi, and Carl Dietrich. "PSUN: An OFDM-Pulsed Radar Coexistence Technique with Application to 3.5 GHz LTE." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7480460.
Анотація:
This paper proposes Precoded SUbcarrier Nulling (PSUN), an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission strategy for a wireless communications system that needs to coexist with federal military radars generating pulsed signals in the 3.5 GHz band. This paper considers existence of Environmental Sensing Capability (ESC), a sensing functionality of the 3.5 GHz band coexistence architecture, which is one of the latest suggestions among stakeholders discussing the 3.5 GHz band. Hence, this paper considers impacts of imperfect sensing for a precise analysis. Imperfect sensing occurs due to either a sensing error by an ESC or a parameter change by a radar. This paper provides a framework that analyzes performance of an OFDM system applying PSUN with imperfect sensing. Our results show that PSUN is still effective in suppressing ICI caused by radar interference even with imperfect pulse prediction. As an example application, PSUN enables LTE downlink to support various use cases of 5G in the 3.5 GHz band.
15
Cruz Júnior, Antenor Oliveira, Cosme Ferreira da Ponte-Neto, and André Wiermann. "Design and construction of an automated and programmable resistivity meter for shallow subsurface investigation." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-15-2023.
Анотація:
Abstract. Geoelectrical resistivity is an excellent method to investigate the structural composition of shallow subsurfaces. However, existing commercial equipment is typically expensive and often requires proprietary accessories and software to provide full system functionality. The objective of this study was to develop a multichannel, modular, automated, and programmable geo-resistivity meter capable of user customization and programming. To this end, a conceptual prototype was built based on free software and open hardware technologies as a low-cost alternative to commercial equipment while maintaining the accuracy and quality of the data at the same level. The prototype was based on electrode multiplexing to make the switching process more efficient by reducing cabling complexity, whereas synchronous demodulation for signal detection was employed, providing strong rejection of spurious electrical noise, typical of urban areas where such equipment is frequently used. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this project and an important academic contribution to open-source instrumental research.
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Koseeyaporn, Jeerasuda, Paramote Wardkein, Ananta Sinchai, Pattana Kainan, and Panwit Tuwanut. "Pulse Oximetry Based on Quadrature Multiplexing of the Amplitude Modulated Photoplethysmographic Signals." Sensors 23, no. 13 (July 2, 2023): 6106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23136106.
Анотація:
In this research, a pulse oximeter based on quadrature multiplexing of AM-PPG signals is proposed. The oximeter is operated by a microcontroller and employs a simple amplitude modulation technique to mitigate noise interference during SpO2 measurement. The two AM-PPG signals (RED and IR) are quadrature multiplexed using carrier signals with equal frequencies but a 90-degree phase difference. The study focused on noise interference caused by light intensity and hand movement. The experiment was conducted under three different levels of light intensity: 200 Lux, 950 Lux, and 2200 Lux. For each light intensity level, the SpO2 level was measured under three scenarios: hand still, shadow movement over the hand, and hand shaking. A comparison between the proposed technique and the conventional method reveals that the proposed technique offers a superior performance. The relative error of the measured SpO2 level using the proposed technique was less than 3.1% overall. Based on the study, the proposed technique is less affected by noise interference caused by light intensity and hand movement compared to the conventional method. In addition, the proposed technique has an advantage over contemporary methods in terms of computational complexity. Consequently, the proposed technique can be applied to wearable devices that include SpO2 measurement functionality.
17
Yun, Eun Jeong, Hyeon Joong Kim, and Chong Gun Yu. "A multi-input energy harvesting system with independent energy harvesting block and power management block." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i3.pp1379-1391.
Анотація:
In the conventional approach widely used for multi-input energy harvesting (MIEH), energy harvesting, energy combining, and power conversion are performed integrally in an inductor sharing block through time multiplexing operations, which is not suitable for hot-pluggable systems. In the MIEH system proposed in this paper, an energy harvesting block (EHB) and a power management block (PMB) are independent of each other to increase the modularity of the system. Therefore, the EHB can be optimized to extract maximum power from energy sources, and the PMB can be focused on combining input energies and converting power effectively. This paper mainly focuses on the design and implementation of the EHB. For light, vibration, and thermal energy, the measured peak power efficiencies of the EHB implemented using a 0.35 μm CMOS process are 95.2%, 92.5%, and 95.5%, respectively. To confirm the functionality and effectiveness of the proposed MIEH system, a PMB composed of simple charge pump circuits and a power management unit has also been implemented and verified with the designed EHB.
18
Heinselman, Pamela L., and Sebastián M. Torres. "High-Temporal-Resolution Capabilities of the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased-Array Radar." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2588.1.
Анотація:
Abstract Since 2007 the advancement of the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased-Array Radar (NWRT PAR) hardware and software capabilities has been supporting the implementation of high-temporal-resolution (∼1 min) sampling. To achieve the increase in computational power and data archiving needs required for high-temporal-resolution sampling, the signal processor was upgraded to a scalable, Linux-based cluster with a distributed computing architecture. The development of electronic adaptive scanning, which can reduce update times by focusing data collection on significant weather, became possible through functionality added to the radar control interface and real-time controller. Signal processing techniques were implemented to address data quality issues, such as artifact removal and range-and-velocity ambiguity mitigation, absent from the NWRT PAR at its installation. The hardware and software advancements described above have made possible the development of conventional and electronic scanning capabilities that achieve high-temporal-resolution sampling. Those scanning capabilities are sector- and elevation-prioritized scanning, beam multiplexing, and electronic adaptive scanning. Each of these capabilities and related sampling trade-offs are explained and demonstrated through short case studies.
19
Cheng, Ming Yuan, Kwan Ling Tan, Wei Guo Chen, Rui Qi Lim, Maria Ramona B. Damalerio, Lei Yao, Peng Li, Yuan Dong Gu, and Min Kyu Je. "Silicon-Based Multichannel Probe Integrated with a Front End Low Power Neural Recording IC for Acute Neural Recording." Advanced Materials Research 849 (November 2013): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.849.189.
Анотація:
This work presents a silicon-based multichannel probe integrated with a front end low power neural recording integrated circuit (IC) which is used in acute neural recording application. The low power neural recording IC contains 100-channel analog recording front-ends, 10 multiplexing successive approximation register ADCs, digital control modules and power management circuits. The 100-channel neural recording IC consumes 1.16-mW, making it the optimum solution for multi-channel neural recording systems. The neural recording IC and Si probe are integrated in a printed circuit board (PCB) which is fixed on the skull using dental resin. Digital neural signal is converted to analog signal and output by neural recording IC. The signal-to-noise ratio of neural recording signal can be increased through the reduction of interconnect length. The buckling strength of the fabricated probes was simulated using finite element analysis and measured by compression tester. The packaging method of 2D probe and neural recording IC was successfully demonstrated. The impedance of the assembled probe is also measured and discussed. To verify the functionality of Si probe integrated with neural recording IC, a pseudo neural signal acquisitions have been perform.
20
Conteduca, D., S. D. Quinn, and T. F. Krauss. "Dielectric metasurface for high-precision detection of large unilamellar vesicles." Journal of Optics 23, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 114002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac2dd7.
Анотація:
Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are very promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of various diseases, including cardiovascular, infectious and neurodegenerative disorders. Of particular relevance is their importance in cancer liquid biopsy, where they play a key role in the early detection and monitoring of the tumour. A number of technologies have recently been developed to improve the performance of current EV detection methods, but a technique that can provide high resolution, high accuracy and a multiplexing capability for the detection of several biomarkers in parallel remains a challenge in this field. Here, we demonstrate the detection of large unilamellar vesicles, which are excellent models of EVs, down to a concentration <103 EV ml−1 (<10 pM) using a dielectric resonant metasurface. This result represents an improvement in performance and functionality compared to competing plasmonic and electrochemical modalities and is due to the strong resonance amplitude and high Q-factor of our metasurface. We also verify the selectivity of the approach by detecting vesicles that have been surface-functionalised with a CD9 protein. The ease of integration of our method into a point-of-care instrument offers a path towards personalised cancer medicine.
21
Jia, Hao, Ting Zhou, Xin Fu, Jianfeng Ding, Lei Zhang, and Lin Yang. "Integrated five-port non-blocking optical router based on mode-selective property." Nanophotonics 7, no. 5 (May 24, 2018): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0010.
Анотація:
AbstractIn this paper, we propose and demonstrate a five-port optical router based on mode-selective property. It utilizes different combinations of four spatial modes at input and output ports as labels to distinguish its 20 routing paths. It can direct signals from the source port to the destination port intelligently without power consumption and additional switching time to realize various path steering. The proposed architecture is constructed by asymmetric directional coupler based mode-multiplexers/de-multiplexers, multimode interference based waveguide crossings and single-mode interconnect waveguides. The broad optical bandwidths of these constituents make the device suitable to combine with wavelength division multiplexing signal transmission, which can effectively increase the data throughput. Measurement results show that the insertion loss of its 20 routing paths are lower than 8.5 dB and the optical signal-to-noise ratios are larger than 16.3 dB at 1525–1565 nm. To characterize its routing functionality, a 40-Gbps data transmission with bit-error-rate (BER) measurement is implemented. The power penalties for the error-free switching (BER<10−9) are 1.0 dB and 0.8 dB at 1545 nm and 1565 nm, respectively.
22
Kaur, Manpreet, and Evgeni Eltzov. "Optimizing Effective Parameters to Enhance the Sensitivity of Vertical Flow Assay for Detection of Escherichia coli." Biosensors 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12020063.
Анотація:
Vertical flow immunoassays (VFIAs) are considered potential point-of-care testing (POCT) devices compared to lateral flow assays due to their ability to analyze a comparatively large sample volume and ease of multiplexing. However, VFIA devices are limited by low analytical sensitivity when coupled with a visual colorimetric signal. Herein, we carefully analyzed key parameters that accounted for the proper functionality of VFIA that can be modified to enhance the overall sensitivity of VFIA. In particular, we focused on improving the stability of conjugate pads impregnated with capture antibodies, maintaining a controlled flow rate to ensure higher analyte reactivity with capture antibodies, and enhancing the absorption efficiency. The results showed that air-drying of conjugate pads in the presence of 5% (w/v) lactose significantly improved the stability of antibodies during long-term storage. Integration of dissolvable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane of optimal concentration as a time-barrier film into the sensor delayed the flow of samples, thereby increasing the biorecognition interaction time between immunoreagents for the formation of immuno-complexes, which in turn led to higher sensitivity of the assay. Furthermore, the employment of an absorbent pad with higher water holding capacity significantly reduced the non-specific binding of immunocomplexes, thereby reducing the possibility of false-negative results.
23
Nieborek, Mateusz, Katarzyna Rutkowska, Tomasz Ryszard Woliński, Bartosz Bartosewicz, Bartłomiej Jankiewicz, Dariusz Szmigiel, and Anna Kozanecka-Szmigiel. "Tunable Polarization Gratings Based on Nematic Liquid Crystal Mixtures Photoaligned with Azo Polymer-Coated Substrates." Crystals 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090768.
Анотація:
Liquid crystal polarization gratings are of great interest for optical communications as elements performing beam steering, splitting, multiplexing or beam combining. Material birefringence, cell thickness or a period of the liquid crystal director pattern influence, among other features, spectroscopic and electro-optical characteristics of fabricated devices, determining thus their functionality and applicability. Here, we report on liquid crystal polarization gratings that allow for complete maximization of the first-order diffraction efficiency (resulting in total elimination of the zeroth-order diffraction) for any wavelength of an incident beam from green to the near-infrared spectral region by applying a low electric voltage. The gratings with periods as small as 10 μm were obtained by holographic exposure of the cell substrates coated with light-sensitive azo polymer alignment layers, and then filled with three different liquid crystal mixtures. The influence of gold nanoparticle dopants in the liquid crystalline mixtures on spectroscopic and electro-optical properties of the devices is presented. Moreover, on the basis of the measured transmittance spectra of the fabricated gratings, the unknown birefringence of liquid crystal mixtures as well as their effective birefringence due to molecular reorientation in the electric field in the visible and near IR region were determined.
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Li, Jinghua, Enming Song, Chia-Han Chiang, Ki Jun Yu, Jahyun Koo, Haina Du, Yishan Zhong, et al. "Conductively coupled flexible silicon electronic systems for chronic neural electrophysiology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 41 (September 18, 2018): E9542—E9549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813187115.
Анотація:
Materials and structures that enable long-term, intimate coupling of flexible electronic devices to biological systems are critically important to the development of advanced biomedical implants for biological research and for clinical medicine. By comparison with simple interfaces based on arrays of passive electrodes, the active electronics in such systems provide powerful and sometimes essential levels of functionality; they also demand long-lived, perfect biofluid barriers to prevent corrosive degradation of the active materials and electrical damage to the adjacent tissues. Recent reports describe strategies that enable relevant capabilities in flexible electronic systems, but only for capacitively coupled interfaces. Here, we introduce schemes that exploit patterns of highly doped silicon nanomembranes chemically bonded to thin, thermally grown layers of SiO2 as leakage-free, chronically stable, conductively coupled interfaces. The results can naturally support high-performance, flexible silicon electronic systems capable of amplified sensing and active matrix multiplexing in biopotential recording and in stimulation via Faradaic charge injection. Systematic in vitro studies highlight key considerations in the materials science and the electrical designs for high-fidelity, chronic operation. The results provide a versatile route to biointegrated forms of flexible electronics that can incorporate the most advanced silicon device technologies with broad applications in electrical interfaces to the brain and to other organ systems.
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WADA, OSAMU. "ADVANCES IN OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATION." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 01, no. 01 (March 1990): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156490000046.
Анотація:
Optoelectronic integration, in which optoelectronic devices such as lasers and photodiodes are integrated with different optoelectronic and/or electronic devices together, is expected to be a key technology in developing future lightwave systems. This is because of its potential advantages in realizing high-performance, high-manufacturability and high-functionality in optoelectronic components, which have not been developed fully due to the limit of using conventional discrete devices and assembly technique. Optoelectronic integrated transmitters and receivers are currently being developed for lightwave telecommunication and interconnection applications by a number of researchers and recent progresses in both the performance and the fabrication technology are encouraging. For example, LSI level integration has been demonstrated in GaAs-based receivers and 5- to 10-Gb/s rate operations have been shown for InP-based integrated lasers. Also a variety of optical processing functions can be implemented by optoelectronic integration. Optical logic elements based on integrated lasers and also waveguide-based circuits for wavelength-multiplexing and optical heterodyne detection are such examples. Technological challenges in optoelectronic integration will lead to a generation of future advanced optical systems for not only communication but also switching and computing. This paper describes the recent progress of this technology and discusses future directions.
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Mathur, Manisha, Jaynendra Kumar Rai, and Nilakantan Sridhar. "Microwave photonic network for active electronically scanned array radar." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 3 (March 3, 2016): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078716000295.
Анотація:
Active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar has large number oftransmit/Receive (T/R) modules which require multiple microwave and digital signals. Distribution of these signals through conventional method such as coaxial cable, twisted pair, etc. not only introduces engineering complexities and signal loss but also have limitation of bandwidth, data rate, transmission distance, etc. This paper addresses design and implementation of microwave photonic network for distribution of microwave and digital signals over single optical fiber using wavelength division multiplexing for AESA radars. The design challenge is to limit the variation in output radio frequency power within ±1 dB over full operational band of radar from 2 to 4 GHz and functionality under hostile military environment. Optical amplifiers have been used in all channels to stabilize optical output independent of wavelength with automatic light control. The optical signal is split into 64 identical parts to feed multiplexed signal into different digital receivers physically spread across the antenna array. It is an additional challenge to normalize performance as all 64 receivers show variation in output in spite of identical electronic circuitry. Experimental results validate the feasibility of microwave photonic network for wide branching distribution of multiple microwave and digital signals for AESA radar.
27
Nguyen, Vinh Huu, In Ki Kim, and Tae Joon Seok. "Silicon Photonic Mode-Division Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers with Mode-Selective Integrated MEMS Switches." Photonics 7, no. 4 (September 24, 2020): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7040080.
Анотація:
Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is an attractive solution for future on-chip networks to enhance the optical transmission capacity with a single laser source. A mode-division reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) is one of the key components to construct flexible and complex on-chip optical networks for MDM systems. In this paper, we report on a novel scheme of mode-division ROADM with mode-selective silicon photonic MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) switches. With this ROADM device, data carried by any mode-channels can be rerouted or switched at an MDM network node, i.e., any mode could be added/dropped to/from the multimode bus waveguide flexibly and selectively. Particularly, the design and simulation of adiabatic vertical couplers for three quasi-TE modes (TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes) based on effective index analysis and mode overlap calculation method are reported. The calculated insertion losses are less than 0.08 dB, 0.19 dB, and 0.03 dB for the TE0 mode, TE1 mode, and TE2 mode couplers, respectively, over a wavelength range of 75 nm (1515–1590 nm). The crosstalks are below −20 dB over the bandwidth. The proposed device is promising for future on-chip optical networks with flexible functionality and large-scale integration.
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Lu, Xinda, Nuo Chen, Boqing Zhang, Haofan Yang, Yuntian Chen, Xinliang Zhang, and Jing Xu. "Parity-Time Symmetry Enabled Band-Pass Filter Featuring High Bandwidth-Tunable Contrast Ratio." Photonics 9, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060380.
Анотація:
Integrated optical filters based on microring resonators play a critical role in many applications, ranging from wavelength division multiplexing and switching to channel routing. Bandwidth tunable filters are capable of meeting the on-demand flexible operations in complex situations, due to their advantages of scalability, multi-functionality, and being energy-saving. Recent studies have investigated how parity-time (PT) symmetry coupled-resonant systems can be applied to the bandwidth-tunable filters. However, due to the trade-off between the bandwidth-tunable contrast ratio and insertion loss of the system, the bandwidth-tunable contrast ratio of this method is severely limited. Here, the bandwidth-tunable contrast ratio is defined as the maximum bandwidth divided by the minimum bandwidth. In this work, we show that a high bandwidth-tunable contrast ratio and low insertion loss of the system can be achieved simultaneously by increasing the coupling strength between the input port and the resonant. Theoretical analysis under different coupling states reveals that the low insertion loss can be obtained when the system initially operates at the over-coupling condition. A high bandwidth-tunable contrast ratio PT-symmetry band-pass filter with moderate insertion loss is shown on the Silicon platform. Our scheme provides an effective method to reduce the insertion loss of on-chip tunable filters, which is also applicable to the high-order cascaded microring systems.
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Matsushima, Tomoko K., Shoichiro Yamasaki, Kyohei Ono, and Hirokazu Tanaka. "Visible-Light CDMA Communications Using Inverted Spread Sequences." Electronics 11, no. 12 (June 8, 2022): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121823.
Анотація:
Visible-light communication (VLC) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is gaining attention in the wireless communication field. LEDs can be used as data transmitters without losing their main functionality as lighting devices. In some VLC applications, such as traffic signs and road signals in intelligent transportation systems, high brightness is required to help people recognize the signs and signals conveyed by the light sources. In this paper, the use of inverted modified prime sequence codes (MPSCs) is shown to be efficient for increasing brightness in an optical code-division multiple access (CDMA) system for VLC, while the original MPSCs, namely non-inverted codes, provide much lower brightness. The average light intensity of a system using an inverted MPSC is several times the intensity of a system using an original MPSC, without losing the capabilities of channel multiplexing and multi-user interference canceling. Average light intensity and normalized fluctuation are investigated for the optical CDMA systems with the original and inverted MPSCs. The results show that the systems with the inverted MPSCs provide higher average light intensity and lower normalized fluctuation than the systems with the original MPSCs do. Moreover, the bit error rates of the systems with the inverted MPSCs are evaluated by computer simulation and compared with those of the systems with the original MPSCs.
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Naqvi, Syed Aftab, Muhammad Abuzar Baqir, Grant Gourley, Adnan Iftikhar, Muhammad Saeed Khan, and Dimitris E. Anagnostou. "A Novel Meander Line Metamaterial Absorber Operating at 24 GHz and 28 GHz for the 5G Applications." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 15, 2022): 3764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103764.
Анотація:
Fifth generation (5G) communication systems deploy a massive MIMO technique to enhance gain and spatial multiplexing in arrays of 16 to 128 antennas. In these arrays, it is critical to isolate the adjacent antennas to prevent unwanted interaction between them. Fifth generation absorbers, in this regard, are the recent interest of many researchers nowadays. The authors present a dual-band novel metamaterial-based 5G absorber. The absorber operates at 24 GHz and 28 GHz and is composed of symmetric meander lines connected through a transmission line. An analytical model used to calculate the total number of required meander lines to design the absorber is delineated. The analytical model is based on the total inductance offered by the meander line structure in an impedance-matched electronic circuit. The proposed absorber works on the principal of resonance and absorbs two 5G bands (24 GHz and 28 GHz). A complete angular stability analysis was carried out prior to experiments for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. Further, the resonance conditions are altered by changing the substrate thickness and incidence angle of the incident fields to demonstrate the functionality of the absorber. The comparison between simulated and measured results shows that such an absorber would be a strong candidate for the absorption in millimetre-wave array antennas, where elements are placed in proximity within compact 5G devices.
31
Dilli, Ravilla. "Design and Feasibility Verification of 6G Wireless Communication Systems with State of the Art Technologies." International Journal of Wireless Information Networks 29, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 93–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10776-021-00546-3.
Анотація:
AbstractFrequencies above 100 GHz are the promising frequency bands for 6G wireless communication systems because of the abundant unexplored and unused spectrum. The increasing global demand for ultra-high spectral efficiencies, data rates, speeds and bandwidths in next-generation wireless networks motivates the exploration of peak capabilities of massive MIMO (Multi–Input–Multi–Output) wireless access technology at THz bands (0.1–10 THz). The smaller wavelengths (order of microns) of these frequencies give an advantage of making high gain antennas with smaller physical dimensions and allows massive spatial multiplexing. This paper presents the design of ultra-massive MIMO (ultra-mMIMO) hybrid beamforming system for multi users and its feasibility to function at THz frequency bands. The functionality of the proposed system is verified at higher order modulation schemes to achieve higher spectral efficiencies using performance metrics that includes error vector magnitude, symbol constellations, and antenna array radiation beams. The performance results suggest to use a particular mMIMO antenna configuration based on number of independent data streams per user and strongly recommended to use higher number of data streams per user in order to achieve higher throughputs that satisfy the needs of 6G wireless systems. Also the performance of the proposed system at 0.14 THz is compared with mmWave systems that operate at 28 GHz and 73 GHz bands to justify the feasibility of the proposed work.
32
Dinc, Niyazi Ulas, Joowon Lim, Eirini Kakkava, Christophe Moser, and Demetri Psaltis. "Computer generated optical volume elements by additive manufacturing." Nanophotonics 9, no. 13 (June 25, 2020): 4173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0196.
Анотація:
AbstractComputer generated optical volume elements have been investigated for information storage, spectral filtering, and imaging applications. Advancements in additive manufacturing (3D printing) allow the fabrication of multilayered diffractive volume elements in the micro-scale. For a micro-scale multilayer design, an optimization scheme is needed to calculate the layers. The conventional way is to optimize a stack of 2D phase distributions and implement them by translating the phase into thickness variation. Optimizing directly in 3D can improve field reconstruction accuracy. Here we propose an optimization method by inverting the intended use of Learning Tomography, which is a method to reconstruct 3D phase objects from experimental recordings of 2D projections of the 3D object. The forward model in the optimization is the beam propagation method (BPM). The iterative error reduction scheme and the multilayer structure of the BPM are similar to neural networks. Therefore, this method is referred to as Learning Tomography. Here, instead of imaging an object, we reconstruct the 3D structure that performs the desired task as defined by its input-output functionality. We present the optimization methodology, the comparison by simulation work and the experimental verification of the approach. We demonstrate an optical volume element that performs angular multiplexing of two plane waves to yield two linearly polarized fiber modes in a total volume of 128 μm by 128 μm by 170 μm.
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Sacci, Robert L., Haden L. Scott, Zening Liu, Dimitry Bolmatov, Benjamin Doughty, C. Patrick Collier, and John Katsaras. "Using Dynamic Impedance Spectroscopy to Deconvolute Memory Elements in Droplet Interface Bilayers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 50 (July 7, 2022): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01502123mtgabs.
Анотація:
The underlying principles for generating and storing memory in living organisms differ significantly from traditional hard-matter-based circuits. Bio-inspired membranes are ideal platforms for exploring biomimetic neuromorphic equivalents as they offer novel forms of tunable plasticity and diverse mechanisms to control functionality. Droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) are inherently nanostructures that show electrical properties that are extremely sensitive to nano-scale perturbation. We will demonstrate how dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (dEIS) can follow molecular-level restructuring in DIBs that lead to hysteretic loops and mem-behaviors in lipid bilayers in response to electrical biasing. We deconvoluted the DIB system’s memristance and memcapacitance by measuring the time-dependent complex impedance to show that if the bilayer’s structure (thickness or area) changes, these quantities contain the same information; however, if a phase transition occurs, then these responses have additional information. Figure 1, demonstrates both the DIBs platform two major modes of voltage-inducing physical change that can occur in bilayers. Through correlation analysis of the capacitance/resistance, we show that memory processes caused by lipid bilayer expansion, or contraction, do not affect the observed electrical charge/discharge time constant. However, phase transitions resulting in new solvation or lipid structures affect the extracted electrical time constant. In short, dEIS coupled with time-constant analysis provides a means for extracting individual memory elements from a simple two-terminal device, thereby multiplexing the function and potential computational throughput. Figure 1
34
Zhao, Li, Wei Li, Yunhao Chen, Enming Zhao, and Jianing Tang. "Design of Self-Matching Photonic Lantern for High-Order Transverse-Mode Laser Systems." Photonics 11, no. 3 (February 26, 2024): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030208.
Анотація:
High-order transverse-mode lasers have important potential application value in many fields. To address the current issue of the limited controllability of modes in high-order transverse-mode lasers, we have designed a self-matching photonic lantern (SMPL). The SMPL is formed by introducing a few-mode fiber into the input fiber array of the traditional photonic lantern. The parameters of the few-mode fiber match those of the tapered few-mode port of the SMPL; thus, it can transmit high-order modes in a closed loop. The designed SMPL exhibits dual-band multiplexing characteristics at 980/1550 nm, manifesting specifically as high-order mode selectivity excitation at 980 nm and mode preservation at 1550 nm. These characteristics have been validated through simulation and preliminary experiments. The SMPL is designed for constructing all few-mode fiber ring cavity lasers, enabling the pumping of the 980 nm fundamental mode to high-order modes and the transmission of multiple high-order transverse-mode lasers at 1550 nm in a closed loop. The proposed SMPL extends the configuration and functionality of the photonic lantern family, offering a flexible and effective approach to facilitate the generation of multiple high-order transverse-mode lasers. The SMPL combined with fiber laser systems could effectively broaden communication channels and enhance communication bandwidth. It also holds significant value in optical sensing, high-resolution imaging, laser micro-processing, and other fields.
35
Keeble, Anthony H., Paula Turkki, Samuel Stokes, Irsyad N. A. Khairil Anuar, Rolle Rahikainen, Vesa P. Hytönen, and Mark Howarth. "Approaching infinite affinity through engineering of peptide–protein interaction." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 52 (December 10, 2019): 26523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909653116.
Анотація:
Much of life’s complexity depends upon contacts between proteins with precise affinity and specificity. The successful application of engineered proteins often depends on high-stability binding to their target. In recent years, various approaches have enabled proteins to form irreversible covalent interactions with protein targets. However, the rate of such reactions is a major limitation to their use. Infinite affinity refers to the ideal where such covalent interaction occurs at the diffusion limit. Prototypes of infinite affinity pairs have been achieved using nonnatural reactive groups. After library-based evolution and rational design, here we establish a peptide–protein pair composed of the regular 20 amino acids that link together through an amide bond at a rate approaching the diffusion limit. Reaction occurs in a few minutes with both partners at low nanomolar concentration. Stopped flow fluorimetry illuminated the conformational dynamics involved in docking and reaction. Hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry gave insight into the conformational flexibility of this split protein and the process of enhancing its reaction rate. We applied this reactive pair for specific labeling of a plasma membrane target in 1 min on live mammalian cells. Sensitive and specific detection was also confirmed by Western blot in a range of model organisms. The peptide–protein pair allowed reconstitution of a critical mechanotransmitter in the cytosol of mammalian cells, restoring cell adhesion and migration. This simple genetic encoding for rapid irreversible reaction should provide diverse opportunities to enhance protein function by rapid detection, stable anchoring, and multiplexing of protein functionality.
36
Reza, Manuel, Muhammad Harris Amir, Muhammad Imran, Gaurav Pandey, Federico Camponeschi, Salvatore Maresca, Filippo Scotti, et al. "Multi-Static Multi-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Constellation Based on Integrated Photonic Circuits." Electronics 11, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 4151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244151.
Анотація:
Multi-static SARs from LEO orbits allow the single-pass high-resolution imaging and detection of moving targets. A coherent MIMO approach requires the generation of multi-band, thus orthogonal, signals, the fusion of which increases the system resolution. Up to now the synchronization capability of SAR signals of different satellites is critical. Here, we propose the use of photonics to generate, receive and distribute the radar signals in a coherent multi-static SAR constellation. Photonics overcomes issues in the implementation of MIMO SAR, allowing for the flexible generation of multi-band signals and centralized generation in a primary satellite with coherent distribution to all the secondary satellites of the SAR signals over FSO links. The numerical analysis shows the proposed system has a NESZ < −29.6 dB, satisfying the SAR system requirements. An experimental proof of concept based on COTS, for both signal up- and down-conversion, is implemented to demonstrate the system functionality, showing performance similar to the simulations. The implementation of the proposed systems with integrated technologies could reduce the system SWaP and increase robustness to vibrations. A design based on the consolidated SOI platform with the transfer printing-based hybrid integration of InP semiconductor optical amplifiers is proposed. The amplifiers compensate for the losses of the passive SOI waveguides, decreasing the overall conversion loss. The polarization multiplexing of the modulated and unmodulated combs to be sent from (to) the primary to (from) the secondary satellite over the FSO links avoids complex space-consuming optical filters requiring several control signals.
37
Ivanova, Daria, Yves Adou, Ekaterina Markova, Yuliya Gaidamaka, and Konstantin Samouylov. "Mathematical Framework for Mixed Reservation- and Priority-Based Traffic Coexistence in 5G NR Systems." Mathematics 11, no. 4 (February 18, 2023): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11041046.
Анотація:
Fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) systems are expected to support multiple traffic classes including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC) at the same air interface. This functionality is assumed to be implemented by utilizing the network slicing concept. According to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the efficient support of this feature requires statistical multiplexing and, at the same time, traffic isolation between slices. In this paper, we formulate and solve a mathematical model for a class of Radio Access Network (RAN) slicing algorithms that simultaneously include resource reservation and a priority-based service discipline allowing us to incur fine granularity in the service processes of different traffic aggregates. The system is based on a queueing model and allows parametrization by accounting for the specifics of wireless channel impairments. As metrics of interest, we utilize K-class session drop probability, K-class session pre-emption probability, and system resource utilization. To showcase the capabilities of the model, we also compare performance guarantees provided for URLLC, eMBB, and mMTC traffic when multiplexed over the same NR radio interface. Our results demonstrate that the performance trade-off is dictated by the offered traffic load of the highest priority sessions: (i) when it is small, mixed reservation/priority scheme outperforms the full reservation mechanism; (ii) for overloaded conditions, full reservations provides better traffic isolation. The mixed strategy is beneficial to traffic aggregates with short-lived lightweight sessions, such as URLLC and mMTC, while the reservation only scheme works better for elastic eMBB traffic. The most important feature is that the mixed strategy allows resource utilization to be improved up to 95%, which is 10–15% higher compared to the reservation-only scheme while still providing isolation between traffic types.
38
Svrzić, Slađan, and Julijan Bojanov. "Transmission of Q-signaling by the tunneling procedure in the automatic telephone network of integrated services of the Serbian Armed Forces." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 70, no. 1 (2022): 169–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg70-33204.
Анотація:
Introduction/purpose: To specify the practical application of ECMA355 and ECMA-336 Standards for Q-SIG tunneling and the implementation of mapping functions via the existing IP (Internet Protocol) network of the Serbian Armed Forces (Intranet SAF), in the Private Automatic Telephone Network SAF (PATN SAF), as the main part of the Private telecommunication-information networks of integrated services SAF (PISN SAF). Methods: Description of the implemented solution and analysis of the software parameters of the established transmission SIP route, with the display of the results obtained in the fight with jitter and echo in the network. Results: With such a solution, it was achieved that participants from the peripheral parts of the PISN SAF, which operate on the principle of transmission and circuit switching by TDM (Time Division Multiplexing), can connect with each other via the newly established central IP network SAF (Core network) which operates on the principle of transmission and switching packets with the SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), without losing the functionality of QSIG from the framework of the digital telecommunication network of integrated services ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). Conclusion: The article deals with the modern IP PINX (Private Integrated Services Network Exchange) manufactured by Mitel, type MX-ONE Service Node 6.0, which is implemented at the transit level PATN SAF and which successfully implements the process of tunneling Q-SIG through the IP network and the necessary functions for mapping the transmission of tunneled QSIG messages and mapping voice (and other audio) information to VoIP (Voice over IP) communication media streams through that network. Also, the basic elements for its software preparation during the introduction of a new SIP route, with a capacity of 30 IP trunks in a transmission beam realized with 100 Mb/s-T Ethernet, are given, and the fight with the present jitter and echo in the network is described. Finally, the paper presents the experience-based values of the parameters for reducing the influence of jitter and suppressing echo.
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Rezvan, Ali, Xiaoshan Shi, Moen Sen, Stephanie Widmann, and Aaron Tyznik. "Abstract 3984: Full-length TCR and BCR repertoire analysis, integrated with mRNA and surface proteins characterization, in a tumor mouse model." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 3984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-3984.
Анотація:
Abstract Full-length TCR and BCR analysis with single-cell multiomic assays provides an understanding of immune responses, offering insights into the complete receptor structure and functionality that is crucial for accurately assessing the diversity and specificity of immune repertoires. Studying mouse immune cell heterogeneity can be achieved by simultaneous mRNA and surface protein profiling. However, when coupled with full-length TCR and BCR analysis, this integrated approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of immune responses and cellular function in healthy and diseased conditions. In this study, we used the MC38 colon carcinoma model to study T and B cell heterogeneity and clonotype diversity. We stained single-cell suspensions prepared from bone marrow, thymus, spleen and tumor tissues with 20 AbSeq (CITE-Seq) antibody oligos and sample-multiplexing tags. We then loaded 50,000 isolated T and B cells into two lanes of an 8-lane microwell cartridge for single-cell capture by a single-cell analysis system. To aid in the simultaneous analysis of clonality and gene expression, we carried out library preparation using a full-length TCR/BCR multiomic assay and a mouse immune response panel. The combination of mRNA and protein expression confirmed the elevated expression of exhaustion and activation markers in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We identified high-frequency clonotypes within TILs and tracked their frequency across other tissues. Tumor-burdened mice splenic T cells showed shared TCR combinations with TILs, which were absent in healthy tissue. The results show the ability to successfully profile T and B cell receptors using a full-length TCR/BCR multiomic assay in a mouse tumor model and the use of transcriptome, protein and TCR/BCR clonal information to investigate immune cell characteristics across multiple samples. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. BD, the BD Logo and BD Rhapsody are trademarks of Becton, Dickinson and Company or its affiliates. © 2023 BD. All rights reserved. NPM-2536 (v1.0) 1023 Citation Format: Ali Rezvan, Xiaoshan Shi, Moen Sen, Stephanie Widmann, Aaron Tyznik. Full-length TCR and BCR repertoire analysis, integrated with mRNA and surface proteins characterization, in a tumor mouse model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3984.
40
Zou, Yijun, Hui Jin, Rongrong Zhu, and Ting Zhang. "Metasurface Holography with Multiplexing and Reconfigurability." Nanomaterials 14, no. 1 (December 26, 2023): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14010066.
Анотація:
Metasurface holography offers significant advantages, including a broad field of view, minimal noise, and high imaging quality, making it valuable across various optical domains such as 3D displays, VR, and color displays. However, most passive pure-structured metasurface holographic devices face a limitation: once fabricated, as their functionality remains fixed. In recent developments, the introduction of multiplexed and reconfigurable metasurfaces breaks this limitation. Here, the comprehensive progress in holography from single metasurfaces to multiplexed and reconfigurable metasurfaces is reviewed. First, single metasurface holography is briefly introduced. Second, the latest progress in angular momentum multiplexed metasurface holography, including basic characteristics, design strategies, and diverse applications, is discussed. Next, a detailed overview of wavelength-sensitive, angle-sensitive, and polarization-controlled holograms is considered. The recent progress in reconfigurable metasurface holography based on lumped elements is highlighted. Its instant on-site programmability combined with machine learning provides the possibility of realizing movie-like dynamic holographic displays. Finally, we briefly summarize this rapidly growing area of research, proposing future directions and potential applications.
41
Elgam, Avner, Yossi Peretz, and Yosef Pinhasi. "Enhancing MIMO Spatial-Multiplexing and Parallel-Decoding under Interference by Computational Feedback." Electronics 12, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030761.
Анотація:
In this paper, we propose a new digital Hard-Successive-Interference-Cancellation (HSIC), the Alternating Projections-HSIC (AP-HSIC), an innovative fast computational feedback algorithm that deals with various destructive phenomena from different types of interferences. The correctness and convergence of the proposed algorithm are provided, and its complexity is given. The proposed algorithm possesses the functionality of canceling digital interference without the aid of physical feedback between the receiver and the transmitter or the loading of learning information about the state of the Multiple Input–Multiple Output (MIMO) channel to the transmitter. The proposed AP-HSIC algorithm enables a parallel decoding process from the parallel transmission of Orthogonal- Space–Time-Block-Coding (OSTBC) under a complex and challenging wireless environment to facilitate the Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) capability. We present a performance comparison of the proposed algorithm with the algorithm for Multi-Group-Space–Time-Coding (MGSTC) under MIMO fading channels and general interference or high-level Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Mathematical analysis and real-time simulations show the advantages of the proposed algorithm compared to the MGSTC decoding algorithm.
42
de Figueiredo, Felipe A. P., Ruben Mennes, Irfan Jabandžić, Xianjun Jiao, and Ingrid Moerman. "A Baseband Wireless Spectrum Hypervisor for Multiplexing Concurrent OFDM Signals." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041101.
Анотація:
The next generation of wireless and mobile networks will have to handle a significant increase in traffic load compared to the current ones. This situation calls for novel ways to increase the spectral efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a wireless spectrum hypervisor architecture that abstracts a radio frequency (RF) front-end into a configurable number of virtual RF front ends. The proposed architecture has the ability to enable flexible spectrum access in existing wireless and mobile networks, which is a challenging task due to the limited spectrum programmability, i.e., the capability a system has to change the spectral properties of a given signal to fit an arbitrary frequency allocation. The proposed architecture is a non-intrusive and highly optimized wireless hypervisor that multiplexes the signals of several different and concurrent multi-carrier-based radio access technologies with numerologies that are multiple integers of one another, which are also referred in our work as radio access technologies with correlated numerology. For example, the proposed architecture can multiplex the signals of several Wi-Fi access points, several LTE base stations, several WiMAX base stations, etc. As it able to multiplex the signals of radio access technologies with correlated numerology, it can, for instance, multiplex the signals of LTE, 5G-NR and NB-IoT base stations. It abstracts a radio frequency front-end into a configurable number of virtual RF front ends, making it possible for such different technologies to share the same RF front-end and consequently reduce the costs and increasing the spectral efficiency by employing densification, once several networks share the same infrastructure or by dynamically accessing free chunks of spectrum. Therefore, the main goal of the proposed approach is to improve spectral efficiency by efficiently using vacant gaps in congested spectrum bandwidths or adopting network densification through infrastructure sharing. We demonstrate mathematically how our proposed approach works and present several simulation results proving its functionality and efficiency. Additionally, we designed and implemented an open-source and free proof of concept prototype of the proposed architecture, which can be used by researchers and developers to run experiments or extend the concept to other applications. We present several experimental results used to validate the proposed prototype. We demonstrate that the prototype can easily handle up to 12 concurrent physical layers.
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N. Al-Rabadi, Anas. "Concurrent Ternary Galois-based Computation using Nano-apex Multiplexing Nibs of Regular Three-dimensional Networks, Part I: Basics." International Journal of VLSI Design & Communication Systems 11, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/vlsic.2020.11501.
Анотація:
New implementations within concurrent processing using three-dimensional lattice networks via nano carbon-based field emission controlled-switching is introduced in this article. The introduced nano-based three-dimensional networks utilize recent findings in nano-apex field emission to implement the concurrent functionality of lattice networks. The concurrent implementation of ternary Galois functions using nano threedimensional lattice networks is performed by using carbon field-emission switching devices via nano-apex carbon fibers and nanotubes. The presented work in this part of the article presents important basic background and fundamentals with regards to lattice computing and carbon field-emission that will be utilized within the follow-up works in the second and third parts of the article. The introduced nano-based three-dimensional lattice implementations form new and important directions within three-dimensional design in nanotechnologies that require optimal specifications of high regularity, predictable timing, high testability, fault localization, self-repair, minimum size, and minimum power consumption.
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Duggal, Rohit, Sumit Sen Santara, Myra Gordon, Aoife Kilgallon, David Hermanson, Richard W. Childs, and Michael E. O'Dwyer. "Promising Preliminary Activity of Optimized Affinity, CD38 CAR NK Cells Generated Using a Non-Viral Engineering Approach in Gene Edited Cord Blood Derived NK Cells for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 4793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-151379.
Анотація:
Abstract CD38 is a multifunctional cell surface protein that is frequently overexpressed on malignant plasma cells as well as on immune suppressive cells within the tumor microenvironment and constitutes a validated immunotherapeutic target in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). At ONK Therapeutics we are developing a gene edited, cord blood-derived NK (CBNK) cell product targeting CD38 for treatment of patients with relapsed and/or refractory MM. The product will be generated using a workflow shown in Figure 1A. This involves starting with cord blood that is processed for NK expansion using a clinically validated, Epstein Barr Virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (EBV-LCL) feeder layer. The NK cells would undergo genetic engineering that involves gene editing followed by a non-viral chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) introduction process mediated by the TcBuster (TcB) DNA transposon system (Biotechne). This is followed by a second round of expansion on the EBV-LCL feeder layer resulting in a characterized NK cell product that can then be cryopreserved. In order to develop protocols for optimizing the best transfection efficiencies using the Maxcyte ATx instrument, GFP mRNA (TriLink) was used for transfecting CBNK cells using different electroporation programs. High transfection efficiency was obtained using all programs (Figure 1B.), with the best from program NK4. Since the product employs an optimized affinity second generation anti CD38 CAR (Stikvoort et al., Hemasphere 2021) which could also target CD38 expressed on neighbouring activated NK cells, it is imperative to knock out (KO) the cell surface expression of CD38 on the CAR-NK cells. To achieve this we carried out CRISPR Cas9 based KO studies of CD38 (Figure 1C. left top), using guide RNAs targeting CD38 (Synthego) in the form of a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex with Cas9. CBNK cells were transfected using the Maxcyte ATx instrument and CD38 cell surface expression monitored. As shown in Figure 1C. (left top), complete CD38 KO was achieved 11 days post transfection. ONK Therapeutics is actively involved in targeting and downregulating the negative regulator of cytokine signalling, cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS), which is encoded by the CISH gene, as part of their CBNK products. It has been demonstrated that in addition to facilitating greater cytokine signalling, CISH KO also confers greater metabolic capacity to NK cells resulting in their increased persistence (Daher et al., Blood 2021). Therefore, ONK Therapeutics have evaluated CISH KO in CBNK cells (Figure 1C, top right) using the same scheme that was used for the CD38 KO. Guide RNAs in the form of a RNP complex with Cas9 (Synthego) were transfected into CBNK cells and intracellular CIS protein levels monitored over time. Almost complete KO was attained by 9 days post transfection. In order to dial in CISH KO as part of the product, we further carried out a simultaneous KO of CD38 and CISH, in addition to individual KO of CD38 or CISH (Fig 1C, bottom). Simultaneous multiplexing of the CD38 and CISH KOs resulted in efficient double KO (DKO) . The extent of knock down leading to KO in the DKO setting was very similar to that of individual gene KOs. We then introduced the anti CD38 CAR as part of a transposon that could be transposed by TcB transposase in CBNK cells. After DKO of CD38 and CISH in CBNK cells, the transposon DNA and mRNA for transposase were electroporated. CAR expression was detected 4-5 days post transposition (Figure 1D) with more than 50% of cells expressing the anti CD38 CAR. These CAR expressing CBNK cells were then tested for functionality in a co-culture kill assay against the CD38 positive MM cell line, RPMI8226, which was engineered to express firefly luciferase. In a 4 hour killing assay, robust killing of the RPMI8226 cells was achieved by the CAR-CBNK cells with an EC 50 ten times lower (more potent) than that of mock electroporation control CBNK cells. To our knowledge this is the first successful expression of an anti CD38 CAR in cord-derived NK cells, and with a double CD38/CISH KO, using non-viral CAR insertion approaches. Current work is focusing on designing and developing a manufacturing-ready workflow for this potential product and further examining the effects of CAR NK cell activity in a DKO setting where both KOs contribute to improved metabolism and potentially NK cell persistence, as well as exploring the added benefit of a DR5 TRAIL variant to enhance cytotoxicity. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Casirati, Gabriele, Andrea Cosentino, Adele Mucci, Mohammed S. Mahmoud, Iratxe Ugarte Zabala, Jing Zeng, Scott B. Ficarro, et al. "Abstract NG05: Epitope editing enables targeted immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia." Cancer Research 84, no. 7_Supplement (April 5, 2024): NG05. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-ng05.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), bispecific and antibody-drug conjugates are promising adoptive immunotherapies that can overcome the limitations of conventional cancer treatments and have demonstrated striking efficacy when targeting dispensable lineage antigens (Ag), e.g. CD19 for B-ALL. Nonetheless, the absence of safely actionable tumor-restricted markers hampers their application to other hematological malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Since AML shares most surface markers with normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) or differentiated myeloid cells, on-target/off-tumor toxicities would result in myeloid aplasia and impairment of hematopoietic reconstitution. Furthermore, due to AML intra-tumoral heterogeneity, targeting more than one Ag may be required, exacerbating the risk of overlapping toxicity. Despite this, AML immunotherapies are currently under development, but their role will likely be restricted to bridge treatment before allogeneic HSPC transplantation (HSCT), decreasing the chances of AML eradication. Removal of targeted Ag through CRISPR-Cas KO from donor HSPCs used in HSCT has recently been proposed, but this can only be applied to genes dispensable for hematopoietic function. However, targeting irrelevant genes may facilitate tumor escape through Ag downregulation. Here, we show that precise editing of the targeted epitope within FLT3, KIT (CD117) and IL3RA (CD123) in HSPCs results in loss of Ab binding without KO, preserving physiologic protein expression, regulation, and intracellular signaling. Critically, this strategy enables targeting one or more genes fundamental for leukemia survival, resulting in potent anti-leukemia efficacy with minimal on-target/off-tumor toxicity. Methods. Through epitope-mapping, we identified substitutions in the FLT3, KIT and CD123 extracellular-domains that avoid detection by therapeutic Abs. We validated the functionality of mutated receptors (ligand affinity, western-blot, proliferation, RNAseq, phospho-proteomic MS) and their resistance to on-target killing (mAb-affinity, CAR-T co-culture). We optimized a base-editing protocol to introduce these mutations in CD34+HSPCs and developed advanced in vivo models with co-engraftment of healthy HSPCs, patient-derived AML xenografts (PDX) and CAR-T to assess selective elimination of leukemia and protection of healthy hematopoiesis. Results. To develop our approach, we selected mAbs under development for AML therapy: clone 4G8 (FLT3), Fab-79D (KIT) and 7G3 (CD123). To identify residues involved in mAb binding, we designed Sleeping Beauty epitope mapping libraries. We found that single amino-acid substitutions can disrupt therapeutic mAb binding despite preserved surface receptor. Since epitope engineering can be achieved by point mutations, we reasoned that base editing (BE) could be a suitable and safer option compared to homology directed repair (HDR). By electroporating sgRNA+ABE variants, we achieved successful epitope editing with minimal toxicity. By using fluorescent FLT3L, SCF and IL-3, we confirmed preserved ligand binding to edited receptors. Activation of downstream signaling was confirmed by western blot. By performing in vitro killing assays, we found that, while cells expressing WT FLT3, KIT or CD123 were eliminated, those expressing epitope-edited variants were resistant to CAR-mediated killing and survived up to experiment termination without eliciting T cell activation and degranulation. To introduce our variants into human HSPCs, we optimized a BE protocol on mobilized peripheral blood-derived CD34+ cells, achieving up to 86%, 78% and 78% efficiency for FLT3, KIT and CD123, respectively. Contrary to previous observations with HDR editing, BE efficiencies were similar in bulk and primitive, HSC-enriched subsets (CD90+45RA-) with no skewing of stem phenotype. BE HSPCs were resistant to CAR or mAb-mediated killing in vitro. To confirm the safety of our approach, we compared FLT3, CD123, KIT edited to AAVS1 control HSPCs and found no differences in proliferative response, transcriptional changes (RNAseq), phospho-proteomic profile and colony-forming capacity. Xenotransplantation of BE HSPCs in NBSGW mice showed preserved repopulation and multilineage differentiation capacity, both in primary and secondary recipients. To assess if FLT3 CAR can eliminate AML while sparing FLT3-edited hematopoiesis, we sequentially engrafted NBSGW mice with HSPCs and human PDX cells. We observed a significant increase in the percentage of FLT3 edited cells in CAR-treated mice and relative depletion of CD19+ subsets (pre-B, pro-B), granulocytes, granulo-mono progenitors (GMP) and lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors (LMPP) only in the AAVS1-BE group, while mice engrafted with FLT3-BE HPSC were protected. Concomitantly, mice treated with 4G8-CAR achieved complete AML eradication. CAR-T exposed to FLT3-BE hematopoiesis displayed lower PD-1 expression compared to AAVS1-BE. As done for FLT3, we transplanted CD123-BE HSPCs and confirmed multilineage repopulation comparable to controls. Mice treated with CD123 CAR-T showed eradication of AML cells and concomitant protection of epitope-edited myeloid lineages, including granulocytes, DCs and HSPCs. To test whether our approach allows multiplexing, we tested combinations of FLT3, KIT and CD123 editing, which provided additive protection from triple-specific CAR-T cells in vitro. Furthermore, combined dual FLT3+CD123 BE could protect hematopoietic lineages in vivo when mice were treated with FLT3+CD123 CAR-T, which in turn were able to eradicate PDXs resistant to FLT3-targeting alone. Discussion. Our studies provide proof of concept that tumor-associated Ags shared by normal tissue can be safely targeted by precisely modifying the epitope recognized by adoptive immunotherapies in healthy cells, endowing them with selective resistance and generating an artificial leukemia-restricted Ag. The innovative tools developed in this work can increase the therapeutic index of AML immunotherapies and enable long-term anti-leukemia maintenance. By restricting on-target activity to leukemia cells, epitope-editing can reduce the Ag burden to which CAR-T are exposed, decreasing undesired CAR-T stimulation, cytokine secretion and exhaustion. Epitope editing can easily be multiplexed to enable combination therapies while avoiding overlapping toxicities, further enhancing the chances for tumor eradication. Finally, epitope editing may be exploited to improve non-genotoxic conditioning for autologous gene therapy or HSCT, either alone or in combination with other therapeutic targets, to avoid depletion of transplanted cells and achieve in vivo selection of genome-engineered cells. Conclusion. We believe that epitope-engineering of HSPCs is a novel and highly promising technology that can enable safer and more effective immunotherapies when on-target/off-tumor toxicities are the key limiting factor to successful clinical translation. Citation Format: Gabriele Casirati, Andrea Cosentino, Adele Mucci, Mohammed S. Mahmoud, Iratxe Ugarte Zabala, Jing Zeng, Scott B. Ficarro, Denise Klatt, Christian Brendel, Alessandro Rambaldi, Jerome Ritz, Jarrod A. Marto, Danilo Pellin, Daniel E. Bauer, Scott A. Armstrong, Pietro Genovese. Epitope editing enables targeted immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr NG05.
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London, Yanir, Thomas Van Vaerenbergh, Luca Ramini, Antoine Descos, Luca Buonanno, Jinsung Youn, Can Li, Catherine E. Graves, Marco Fiorentino, and Raymond G. Beausoleil. "Multiplexing in photonics as a resource for optical ternary content-addressable memory functionality." Nanophotonics, October 31, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0406.
Анотація:
Abstract In this paper, we combine a Content-Addressable Memory (CAM) encoding scheme previously proposed for analog electronic CAMs (E-CAMs) with optical multiplexing techniques to create two new photonic CAM architectures—wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical ternary CAM (O-TCAM) and time-division multiplexing (TDM) O-TCAM. As an example, we show how these two O-TCAM schemes can be implemented by performing minor modifications in microring-based silicon photonic (SiPh) circuits originally optimized for exascale interconnects. Here, our SiPh O-TCAM designs include not only the actual search engine, but also the transmitter circuits. For the first time, we experimentally demonstrate O-TCAM functionality in SiPh up to ∼ 4 Gbps ${\sim} 4\,\,\text{Gbps}$ and we prove in simulation feasibility for speeds up to 10 Gbps, 10 times faster than typical E-TCAMs at the expense of higher energy consumption per symbol of our O-TCAM Search Engine circuits than the corresponding E-TCAMs. Finally, we identify which hardware and architecture modifications are required to improve the O-CAM’s energy efficiency towards the level of E-CAMs.
47
Siahkal‑Mahalle, Behrang Hadian, and Kambiz Abedi. "Arrayed electro-optic modulators for novel WDM multiplexing." Scientific Reports 14, no. 1 (May 24, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62755-z.
Анотація:
AbstractIn this paper, a novel silicon-on-chip integrated 4 × 1 wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) multiplexer has been developed. This is the first time that the multiplexer design incorporates arrayed electro-optical modulators with crosstalk cancellation. The design utilizes two types of electro-optic modulators in each channel. The first modulator, based on 1D-PhCNBC, extracts the desired wavelengths from the WDM spectrum. The second modulator, based on coupled hybrid plasmonics, acts as a switch to eliminate crosstalk of the desired optic wavelength signal at the multiplexer output. By combining the advantages of electro-optical modulators and crosstalk cancellation techniques, we anticipate that our proposed design contributes to the advancement of WDM multiplexing technology and facilitates the implementation of efficient and compact optical communication systems. Additionally, this synergy enables enhanced performance, reduced signal interference, and improved signal quality, leading to more reliable and high-speed data transmission in optical networks. The functionality of the device is theoretically simulated using 3D-FDTD (Finite-Difference Time-Domain) method.
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Ma, Wei, Yihao Xu, Bo Xiong, Lin Deng, Ru‐Wen Peng, Mu Wang, and Yongmin Liu. "Pushing the Limits of Functionality‐Multiplexing Capability in Metasurface Design Based on Statistical Machine Learning." Advanced Materials, March 9, 2022, 2110022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202110022.
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Vazquez-Vilar, Marta, Víctor Garcia-Carpintero, Sara Selma, Joan M. Bernabé-Orts, Javier Sanchez-Vicente, Blanca Salazar-Sarasua, Arianna Ressa, et al. "The GB4.0 Platform, an All-In-One Tool for CRISPR/Cas-Based Multiplex Genome Engineering in Plants." Frontiers in Plant Science 12 (July 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.689937.
Анотація:
CRISPR/Cas ability to target several loci simultaneously (multiplexing) is a game-changer in plant breeding. Multiplexing not only accelerates trait pyramiding but also can unveil traits hidden by functional redundancy. Furthermore, multiplexing enhances dCas-based programmable gene expression and enables cascade-like gene regulation. However, the design and assembly of multiplex constructs comprising tandemly arrayed guide RNAs (gRNAs) requires scarless cloning and is still troublesome due to the presence of repetitive sequences, thus hampering a more widespread use. Here we present a comprehensive extension of the software-assisted cloning platform GoldenBraid (GB), in which, on top of its multigene cloning software, we integrate new tools for the Type IIS-based easy and rapid assembly of up to six tandemly-arrayed gRNAs with both Cas9 and Cas12a, using the gRNA-tRNA-spaced and the crRNA unspaced approaches, respectively. As stress tests for the new tools, we assembled and used for Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation a 17 Cas9-gRNAs construct targeting a subset of the Squamosa-Promoter Binding Protein-Like (SPL) gene family in Nicotiana tabacum. The 14 selected genes are targets of miR156, thus potentially playing an important role in juvenile-to-adult and vegetative-to-reproductive phase transitions. With the 17 gRNAs construct we generated a collection of Cas9-free SPL edited T1 plants harboring up to 9 biallelic mutations and showing leaf juvenility and more branching. The functionality of GB-assembled dCas9 and dCas12a-based CRISPR/Cas activators and repressors using single and multiplexing gRNAs was validated using a Luciferase reporter with the Solanum lycopersicum Mtb promoter or the Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase promoter in transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. With the incorporation of the new web-based tools and the accompanying collection of DNA parts, the GB4.0 genome edition turns an all-in-one open platform for plant genome engineering.
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Huang, Hailin, Chunsheng Guan, Bin Zheng, Xiaofeng Li, Xingshuo Cui, Jiangang Liang, Weixiang Jiang, Hongsheng Chen, and Tong Cai. "Multiplexing Meta‐Illusion with High Correlation in Both Near‐ and Far‐Field Region." Laser & Photonics Reviews, June 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400517.
Анотація:
AbstractMicrowave illusion, which can generate the scattering field of objects that don't exist to deceive the detecting devices, is an important and advanced technology in modern science. The conventional illusion device is limited by the narrow working band, non‐flat structure, or single functionality, which is inconvenient for electromagnetic integration. The newly multiplexing metasurfaces provide an effective method to achieve microwave illusion due to their excellent ability in wavefront tailoring. Here, a dual‐band microwave illusion enabled by multiplexing metasurface is proposed, and such a device can simulate two independent scattering fields of real objects at two separate frequencies by recording the near‐ and far‐field information. As a proof of concept, a meta‐illusion, realizing the electromagnetic information of the scaled‐down Sydney Opera House and Pyramid, is designed and fabricated. Microwave experiments are performed to demonstrate the predicted effects. The results show high correlation properties in both near‐ and far‐field characterizations, which is 83%, 80%, and 91%, 80% at two operating frequencies, respectively, verifying the high performance of the meta‐illusion. The findings may motivate the realizations of high‐performance meta‐illusions in other frequency domains and meta‐devices with complex functionalities.