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Статті в журналах з теми "Functionality-multiplexing":
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Guillen Bonilla, Guillen Bonilla, Rodríguez Betancourtt, Casillas Zamora, Sánchez Morales, Gildo Ortiz, and Guillen Bonilla. "Signal Analysis, Signal Demodulation and Numerical Simulation of a Quasi-Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor Based on FDM/WDM Techniques and Fabry-Pérot Interferometers." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 12, 2019): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081759.
Анотація:
In civil engineering quasi-distributed optical fiber sensors are used for reinforced concrete monitoring, precast concrete monitoring, temperature monitoring, strain monitoring and temperature/strain monitoring. These quasi-distributed sensors necessarily apply some multiplexing technique. However, on many occasions, two or more multiplexing techniques are combined to increase the number of local sensors and then the cost of each sensing point is reduced. In this work, a signal analysis and a new signal demodulation algorithm are reported for a quasi-distributed optic fiber sensor system based on Frequency Division Multiplexing/Wavelength Division Multiplexing (FDM/WDM) and low-precision Fabry-Pérot interferometers. The mathematical analysis and the new algorithm optimize its design, its implementation, improve its functionality and reduce the cost per sensing point. The analysis was corroborated by simulating a quasi-distributed sensor in operation. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are in concordance. The optimization considers multiplexing techniques, signal demodulation, physical parameters, system noise, instrumentation, and detection technique. Based on our analysis and previous results reported, the optical sensing system can have more than 4000 local sensors and it has practical applications in civil engineering.
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McCarrick, Heather, Erin Healy, Zeeshan Ahmed, Kam Arnold, Zachary Atkins, Jason E. Austermann, Tanay Bhandarkar, et al. "The Simons Observatory Microwave SQUID Multiplexing Detector Module Design." Astrophysical Journal 922, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2232.
Анотація:
Abstract Advances in cosmic microwave background (CMB) science depend on increasing the number of sensitive detectors observing the sky. New instruments deploy large arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers tiled densely into ever larger focal planes. High multiplexing factors reduce the thermal loading on the cryogenic receivers and simplify their design. We present the design of focal-plane modules with an order of magnitude higher multiplexing factor than has previously been achieved with TES bolometers. We focus on the novel cold readout component, which employs microwave SQUID multiplexing (μmux). Simons Observatory will use 49 modules containing 70,000 bolometers to make exquisitely sensitive measurements of the CMB. We validate the focal-plane module design, presenting measurements of the readout component with and without a prototype detector array of 1728 polarization-sensitive bolometers coupled to feedhorns. The readout component achieves a 95% yield and a 910 multiplexing factor. The median white noise of each readout channel is 65 pA / Hz . This impacts the projected SO mapping speed by <8%, which is less than is assumed in the sensitivity projections. The results validate the full functionality of the module. We discuss the measured performance in the context of SO science requirements, which are exceeded.
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TAN, FREDDY SUSANTO, HENRY KELDERMAN, and ALFRED DRIESSEN. "ULTRA-COMPACT SPECTRAL SLICER DEVICES BASED ON MICRORING RESONATORS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 14, no. 02 (June 2005): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863505002700.
Анотація:
In Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), access network spectral slicer devices in connection with a broadband light source are attracting low-cost alternatives for the laser diodes that are required for transmission in the desired wavelength channels. The proposed ultra-compact spectral slicer devices consist of microring resonators with slightly different radius and consequently slightly different resonant wavelength. Single and cascaded multiple microring devices have been fabricated and characterized to demonstrate the desired functionality. Cascaded devices show better performance in term of lower crosstalk, higher rejection ratio and faster roll-off. Moreover, they open the possibility to improve the spectral efficiency of the individual channels without introducing additional channel crosstalk.
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Szabó, Gábor, and Eszter Udvary. "Advanced Approximation of Channel Quality in a VLC CDM System." Infocommunications journal, no. 2 (2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2018.2.2.
Анотація:
Expanding the functionality of LED indoor lighting with visible light communication (VLC) allows an additional communication channel beside wireless radio in buildings. This service may be based on various channel access methods and modulation types. Code division multiplexing (CDM) is a suitable method to such an application, but it is complicated to measure the signal quality which is essential to compare different codes and settings, and necessary for some applications like position-dependent information services. Computing crest factor is a suitable method to estimate quality, but it may be inaccurate in some cases. This paper presents novel methods to approximate the quality of received CDM signals along with the crest factor, aiding the more accurate investigation of the VLC CDM technique.
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Jia, Hao, Shanglin Yang, Ting Zhou, Sizhu Shao, Xin Fu, Lei Zhang, and Lin Yang. "WDM-compatible multimode optical switching system-on-chip." Nanophotonics 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2019): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0005.
Анотація:
AbstractThe development of optical interconnect techniques greatly expands the communication bandwidth and decreases the power consumption at the same time. It provides a prospective solution for both intra-chip and inter-chip links. Herein reported is an integrated wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)-compatible multimode optical switching system-on-chip (SoC) for large-capacity optical switching among processors. The interfaces for the input and output of the processor signals are electrical, and the on-chip data transmission and switching process are optical. It includes silicon-based microring optical modulator arrays, mode multiplexers/de-multiplexers, optical switches, microring wavelength de-multiplexers and germanium-silicon high-speed photodetectors. By introducing external multi-wavelength laser sources, the SoC achieved the function of on-chip WDM and mode-division multiplexing (MDM) hybrid-signal data transmission and switching on a standard silicon photonics platform. As a proof of concept, signals with a 25 Gbps data rate are implemented on each microring modulator of the fabricated SoC. We illustrated 25 × 3 × 2 Gbps on-chip data throughput with two-by-two multimode switching functionality through implementing three wavelength-channels and two mode-channel hybrid-multiplexed signals for each multimode transmission waveguide. The architecture of the SoC is flexible to scale, both for the number of supported processors and the data throughput. The demonstration paves the way to a large-capacity multimode optical switching SoC.
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Sharma, Bhubneshwar. "VIRTUAL CIRCUITS THAT MAY BE �PERMANENT� TO MAKE M-BANKING APPLICATION AS A SUCCESS BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE FOR ANALYSING VARIABLE SIZED PACKETS AND FRAMES." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 1, no. 10 (December 30, 2015): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v1i10.2748.
Анотація:
ATM provides functionality that is similar to bothcircuit switchingandpacket switchingnetworks: ATM usesasynchronoustime-division multiplexing, and encodes data into small, fixed-sizedpackets(ISO-OSIframes) calledcells.This differs from approaches such as theInternet ProtocolorEthernetthat use variable sized packets and frames. ATM uses aconnection-orientedmodel in which avirtual circuitmust be established between two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins. These virtual circuits may be permanent To make m-banking application a success bandwidth management is an important issue. The increased flexibility and mobility feature of wireless ATM and its bandwidth on demand function is motivating a large number of carriers towards deployment of the WATM networks. But there are certain issues which are required to be addressed in WATM. The issues are cost effective planning of network, location management and handover management
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Raut, Bibek, Li-Jiun Chen, Takeshi Hori, and Hirokazu Kaji. "An Open-Source Add-On EVOM® Device for Real-Time Transepithelial/Endothelial Electrical Resistance Measurements in Multiple Transwell Samples." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030282.
Анотація:
This study provides design of a low-cost and open source add-on device that enhances the functionality of the popular EVOM® instrument for transepithelial/endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement. The original EVOM® instrument is designed for measuring TEER in transwell samples manually using a pair of Ag/AgCl electrodes. The inconsistency in electrode placement, temperature variation, and a typically large (12–24 h) time interval between measurements result in large data variabilities. Thus, to solve the current limitation of the EVOM® instrument, we built an add-on device using a custom designed electronic board and a 3D printed electrode holder that allowed automated TEER measurements in multiple transwell samples. To demonstrate the functionality of the device prototype, we monitored TEER in 4 transwell samples containing retinal cells (ARPE-19) for 67 h. Furthermore, by monitoring temperature of the cell culture medium, we were able to detect fluctuations in TEER due to temperature change after the medium change process, and were able to correct the data offset. Although we demonstrated the use of our add-on device on EVOM® instrument only, the concept (multiplexing using digitally controlled relays) and hardware (custom data logger) presented here can be applied to more advanced TEER instruments to improve the performance of those devices.
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Hu, Yuze, Mingyu Tong, Siyang Hu, Weibao He, Xiang’ai Cheng, and Tian Jiang. "Multidimensional engineered metasurface for ultrafast terahertz switching at frequency-agile channels." Nanophotonics 11, no. 7 (February 22, 2022): 1367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0774.
Анотація:
Abstract The ability to actively manipulate free-space optical signals by using tunable metasurfaces is extremely appealing for many device applications. However, integrating photoactive semiconductors into terahertz metamaterials still suffers from a limited functionality. The ultrafast switching in picosecond timescale can only be operated at a single frequency channel. In the hybrid metasurface proposed here, we experimentally demonstrate a dual-optically tunable metaphotonic device for ultrafast terahertz switching at frequency-agile channels. Picosecond ultrafast photoswitching with a 100% modulation depth is realized at a controllable operational frequency of either 0.55 THz or 0.86 THz. The broadband frequency agility and ultrafast amplitude modulation are independently controlled by continuous wave light and femtosecond laser pulse, respectively. The frequency-selective, temporally tunable, and multidimensionally-driven features can empower active metamaterials in advanced multiplexing of information, dual-channel wireless communication, and several other related fields.
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Schober, Christian, Lisa Lausmann, Kevin Treptow, Christof Pruss, and Stephan Reichelt. "Complex illumination system for fast interferometric measurements." EPJ Web of Conferences 287 (2023): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328702002.
Анотація:
Freeform metrology is an enabling technology for today’s research and advanced manufacturing. The Tilted Wave Interferometer is a full field measurement system for fast and flexible measurements. It is based on an off-axis illumination scheme based on a microlens array. In this contribution, we present a novel illumination system for the tilted wave interferometer, that allows to reduce the measurement time by a factor of four using parallelization based on wavelength multiplexing. Here we present a design solution that utilizes the flexibility of 3D-printing. The microlenses are realized as multi-order diffractive optical elements, providing a high efficiency compared to colorfilter based realizations. To boost the light efficiency of the novel illumination system further, a field lens functionality is added to the system by adding individual micro-prisms to each microlens. The system is manufactured by the use of grayscale two-photon polymerisation.
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Fisser, Maximilian, Xiyong Huang, Dominic A. Moseley, Chris Bumby, and Rodney A. Badcock. "Evaluation of continuous fiber Bragg grating and signal processing method for hotspot detection at cryogenic temperatures." Superconductor Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (April 5, 2022): 054005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac5d68.
Анотація:
Abstract The recent adoption of high-T c superconductor (HTS) wires for ultra-high field magnet windings provide great promise for future applications, such as high-power generators and Tokamak fusion reactors. However, an open issue with the use of HTS is the challenge of rapidly detecting a hot spot which could lead to a quench. Optical fiber sensors have been shown to be promising alternatives to the voltage-based quench detection method. In this paper, we report on ultra-long fiber Bragg gratings (ULFBG) for hotspot detection at cryogenic temperatures using a new detection algorithm. This novel sensing system is suitable for applications in which solely the occurrence of a hotspot but not its precise location is of importance. This is the case e.g. for quench detection in HTS. The developed system provides the advantages of cost reduction and faster response time compared to conventional FBGs with wavelength-division multiplexing and continuous FBGs with time-division multiplexing, respectively. We demonstrate the functionality of the system for the ULFBG with a grating length of 100 mm and 500 mm at 77 K and 90 K respectively. The ULFBG is shown to respond as fast as conventional FBG, to a hot spot as small as 1 K temperature rise. Furthermore, using the proposed signal processing algorithm, ULFBG exhibits much higher signal to noise ratio than that from the conventional FBG. It is believed that artificial intelligence based technique can assist the signal processing algorithm in detecting a small hot spot more rapidly from the big spectral data in real-time.
Дисертації з теми "Functionality-multiplexing":
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Lin, Menglan. "Functionality-multiplexing metasurfaces for electromagnetic wavefront manipulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST052.
Анотація:
Les métasurfaces à multiplexage de fonctionnalités ont attiré une attention considérable en tant que candidats prometteurs pour faire face à l'intégration et à la miniaturisation des dispositifs. De telles métasurfaces permettent d'obtenir différentes fonctionnalités à partir d'un seul dispositif. Pour développer des méta-dispositifs dans le régime des micro-ondes, certains enjeux ne peuvent pas être ignorées. Cette thèse de doctorat est consacrée à l'exploration de différentes méthodologies pour réaliser des méta-dispositifs à multiplexage de fonctionnalités, en se concentrant sur des questions critiques telles que la manipulation indépendante de l'état de spin, la large bande passante de fonctionnement, le contrôle indépendant et la régulation en temps réel. Des validations numériques et expérimentales ont été faites pour plusieurs applications de manipulation d'ondes électromagnétiques dans chaque méta-dispositif. Les travaux ont été réalisés conjointement par l'Université Paris-Saclay et Xidian University. Tout d'abord, un méta-dispositif passif de multiplexage de polarisations est développé pour réaliser une manipulation d'amplitude indépendante et une modulation complète de phase dépendante pour les états de polarisation circulaire orthogonale. Divers générateurs de faisceaux vortex sont ensuite mis en œuvre pour des états de spin orthogonaux dans une large bande de fréquences et une absorption sélective de spin à la fréquence de résonance est ciblée. Un méta-dispositif réorganisable mécaniquement est également réalisé, où une modulation de phase dynamique est obtenue en enfichant des méta-atomes dans une structure entièrement diélectrique. La capacité de ce méta-dispositif pour la manipulation du front d'onde est étudiée au travers de deux fonctionnalités dans une large bande de fréquences, à savoir des générateurs de faisceaux vortex avec des charges topologiques différentes et des hologrammes en champ proche avec des motifs d'imagerie accordables. Enfin, une métasurface reconfigurable électroniquement, constituée de méta-atomes adressables individuellement, est exploitée pour la focalisation en champ proche à différentes distances focales sur la base du mécanisme de superoscillation. De plus, des faisceaux bouteille unidimensionnels et bidimensionnels sont générés avec différents rayons de trajectoires circulairesFunctionality-multiplexing metasurfaces have attracted considerable attention as prominent candidates for coping with device integration and miniaturization. Such metasurfaces enable different functionalities to be achieved from a single device. To develop meta-devices in the microwave regime, some issues cannot be ignored. This PhD thesis is devoted to exploring different methodologies to realize functionality-multiplexing meta-devices, focusing on critical issues such as independent spin-state manipulation, wide operating bandwidth, independent controllability and real-time regulation. Numerical and experimental validation have been conducted for several applications of electromagnetic wave manipulation in each functionality-multiplexing meta-device. The work was done jointly by Université Paris-Saclay and Xidian University. First, a polarization-multiplexing passive meta-device is developed to achieve independent amplitude manipulation and dependent full-phase modulation for orthogonal circularly polarized states. Diverse vortex beam generators are then implemented for orthogonal spin-states in a wide frequency band and a spin-selective absorption at the resonance frequency is targeted. A mechanically re-organizable meta-device is also realized, where a dynamic phase modulation is achieved by plugging meta-atoms in an all-dielectric structure. The capability of this meta-device for wavefront manipulation is investigated through two functionalities in a wide frequency band, i.e., vortex beam generators with different topological charges and near-field holograms with tunable imaging patterns. Finally, an electronically reconfigurable metasurface, consisting of individually addressable meta-atom, is exploited for near-field focusing at different focal lengths based on the superoscillation mechanism. Additionally, one-dimensional and two-dimensional bottle beams are generated with different radii of circular trajectories
Частини книг з теми "Functionality-multiplexing":
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Ogura, Yusuke. "Spatial Photonic Ising Machine with Time/Space Division Multiplexing." In Photonic Neural Networks with Spatiotemporal Dynamics, 153–74. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5072-0_8.
Анотація:
AbstractThe spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) is an unconventional computing architecture based on parallel propagation/processing with spatial light modulation. SPIM enables the handling of an Ising model using light as a pseudospin. This chapter presents SPIMs with multiplexing to enhance their functionality. Handling a fully connected Ising model with a rank-2 or higher spin-interaction matrix becomes possible with multiplexing, drastically improving its applicability in practical applications. We constructed and examined systems based on time- and space-division multiplexing to handle Ising models with ranks of no less than one while maintaining high scalability owing to the features of spatial light modulation. Experimental results with knapsack problems demonstrate that these methods can compute the Hamiltonian consisting of objective and constraint terms, which require multiplexing, and can determine the ground-state spin configuration. In particular, in space-division multiplexing SPIM, the characteristics of the solution search vary based on the physical parameters of the optical system. A numerical study also suggested the effectiveness of the dynamic parameter settings in improving the Ising machine performance. These results demonstrate the high capability of SPIMs with multiplexing.
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Bojkovic, Zoran, Bojan Bakmaz, and Miodrag Bakmaz. "Principles and Enabling Technologies of 5G Network Slicing." In Paving the Way for 5G Through the Convergence of Wireless Systems, 271–84. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7570-2.ch011.
Анотація:
5G mobile systems can be comprehended as highly flexible and programmable E2E networking infrastructures that provide increased performance in terms of capacity, latency, reliability, and energy efficiency while meeting a plethora of diverse requirements from multiple services. Network slicing is emerging as a prospective paradigm to meet these requirements with reduced operating cost and improved time and space functionality. A network slice is the way to provide better resource isolation and increased statistical multiplexing. With dynamic slicing, 5G will operate on flexible zone of the network, permitting varying, adaptable levels or bandwidth and reliability. In this chapter, a comprehensive survey of network slicing is presented from an E2E perspective, detailing its origination and current standardization efforts, principal concepts, enabling technologies, as well as applicable solutions. In particular, it provides specific slicing solutions for each part of the 5G systems, encompassing orchestration and management in the radio access and the core network domains.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Functionality-multiplexing":
1
Inoue, Hiroaki, Tatemi Ido, Hirohisa Sano, and Tatsuo Kanetake. "InP-based MQW optical devices for photonic switching." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1997.jfa1.
Анотація:
Increasing demands for high-bit-rate transmission technologies enabling interactive multimedia era reach to establishing the global information infrastructure based upon optical tera-bit/s telecommunication network.1) The optical network, which fully utilizes optical bandwidth of fiber, will exploit the functionality offered not only by TDM(Time Division Multiplexing) but also by WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing) technologies. The optical high-bit-rate(TDM) and WDM transmission technologies accompanied by the optical node2) technologies such as WDM-ADM(Add/Drop Multiplexer) and WDM-OXC(Optical Crossconnect) require the even more functional optoelectronic devices. Semiconductor based optical devices is becoming more and more of a requirement as key devices, in terms of the advanced functionality, such as high- speed modulators over 10Gb/s, compact optical amplifiers, matrix space switches, wavelength converters, and so on.
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Jenkins, B. Keith, Armand R. Tanguay, Anupam Madhukar, and Christoph von der Malsburg. "Photonic neural networks based on incoherent/coherent double angular multiplexing." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.mbb1.
Анотація:
An overview of our recent progress on the photonic implementation of neural networks is given. A photonic architecture utilizes spatial and double angular multiplexing in conjunction with an array of (individually coherent but mutually incoherent) sources to provide photonic neural interconnections in volume holographic materials. It also incorporates optoelectronic smart spatial light modulators (SLMs) for neuron unit response and training term generation. The SLM designs incorporate dual channel neuron unit inputs and outputs to provide complete bipolar functionality and yield a high bandwidth response to permit pulse train encoding or temporal multiplexing of signals. A unique feature of this architecture is the ability to copy the multiplexed holographic interconnection in a single exposure step. The presentation includes a discussion of simulations and laboratory experiments of the interconnection system implemented in photorefractive materials; fabrication and test of silicon detector, silicon analog electronic processing, and InGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well modulator arrays; demonstration of single-step copying of a multiplexed set of mutually incoherent volume holograms; and requirements for training term SLM arrays and projected learning performance. Current and future issues in such photonic implementations are also discussed, as are specific advantages resulting from the high degree of parallelism available.
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Pawlowski, E., M. Ferstl, H. Hellmich, B. Kuhlow, G. Przyrembel, C. Warmuth, and J. R. Salgueiro. "Novel multichannel WDM-PON demultiplexer using an AWG and diffractive optical elements." In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.1998.dmd.3c.
Анотація:
In order to increase the capacity of optical transmission systems, it is advantageous to use the high-parallel capability of optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) [1] techniques. Key devices for WDM-communication systems are optical demultiplexer. A variety of different devices, such as Mach-Zehnder filters [2], diffractive optical elements (DOE) [3], acousto-optical filters [4], transversal filters [5] and arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWG) [6,7] have been already developed. However, to realize a device with a higher functionality it is usefull to integrate waveguide devices with DOEs. As a special case of WDM functionality upgrade, we have considered a 1.55-μm WDM extension of an existing passive optical net (PON). In this paper we report, for the first time to our knowledge, of the fabrication of a fully integrated multichannel WDM-PON demultiplexer. The device is used to distribute 1.3-μm wavelength signals (1/N power) and to multiplex an 8-channel WDM spectrum at 1.55-μm wavelength with 200 Ghz channel spacing. Planar lightwave circuits (PLC), based on silica waveguides, are very attractive devices for these applications [8]. They allow high reliable and low cost production, due to their suitability for integration of optical components. Furthermore, the silica waveguides show low optical losses.
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Parker, M. C., F. Farjady, and S. D. Walker. "Quasi-Cycloidal Phase Profile Synthetic Aperture Technique for Passband-Broadened Arrayed-Waveguide Gratings." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cthh109.
Анотація:
Wavelength division multiplex (WDM) techniques are generally regarded as a key element in emerging broadband networks. Amongst the many passive device technologies being considered for wavelength selection, the arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) [1] has multiplexing, demultiplexing and routing functionality. However, the non-rectangular passband characteristic of an AWG, due to die multiple convolution of input and output waveguide modes with the classical echelon transfer function of the waveguide array allows only a minimal wavelength-shift tolerance. In this paper we show how synthetic aperture techniques [2] can be employed to provide significant passband broadening and flattening. Figure 1 shows two possible geometries to achieve the desired phase control: either (I) profiling within the arrayed-waveguide, or (II) a geometric quasi-cycloidal deviation from the Rowland circle at the fan-out section.
5
Carter, A. C., and P. J. Williams. "InP based transceiver modules for optical subscriber networks." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.thh2.
Анотація:
The development of a range of subcomponents and a common integration technology for preparing InP based OEICs for subscriber access systems is described. The development of suitable packaging techniques for incorporating these devices in transceiver modules is also discussed. OEICs are seen as an advantageous route for achieving the type of high functionality devices that are required in these systems, offering the potential of low cost and high reliability. Device functionalities include lasers, waveguides, broad and narrow band WDM, power monitoring, and signal detection. To this end, we have prepared OEICs incorporating DFB and DBR lasers, waveguides, process tolerant couplers, wavelength duplexers, add-drop narrow band WDM components, optical filters, and monitor diodes. Laser-waveguide integration is achieved by a butt coupled approach using low pressure MOVPE. The process is designed to be high yielding and is suitable for high volume OEIC fabrication in future manufacture. OEICs so far developed include those incorporating lasers with wavelength duplexers for 1300/1530 nm bidirectional links, lasers with wavelength duplexers and an additional coupler for bidirectional telephony (1300 nm) and broadband (1530 nm) services, and lasers with narrow band WDM components providing add-drop optical multiplexing facilities.
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Gui, Ping, Fouad Kiamilev, Xiaoqing Wang, Michael McFadden, Charlie Kuznia, Jeremy Ekman, Joseph Deroba, and Michael Haney. "Source Synchronous Double Data Rate (DDR) Parallel Optical Interconnects." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35202.
Анотація:
Double data rate (DDR) signaling is widely used in electrical interconnects to eliminate clock recovery and to double communication bandwidth. This paper describes the design of a parallel optical transceiver integrated circuit (IC) that uses source-synchronous, DDR optical signaling. On the transmit side, two 8-bit electrical inputs are multiplexed, encoded and sent over two high-speed optical links. On the receive side, the procedure is reversed to produce two 8-bit electrical outputs. Our IC integrates analog Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSEL), drivers and optical receivers with digital DDR multiplexing, serialization, and deserializaton circuits. It was fabricated in a 0.5-micron Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) CMOS process. Linear arrays of quad VCSELs and photodetectors were attached to our transceiver IC using flip-chip bonding. A free-space optical link system was constructed to demonstrate correct IC functionality. The test results show successful transceiver operation at a data rate of 500 Mbps with a 250 MHz DDR clock, achieving a gigabit of aggregate bandwidth. While our DDR scheme is well suited for low-skew fiber-ribbon, free-space and waveguide optical links, it can also be extended to links with higher skew with the addition of skew-compensation circuitry. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of parallel optical transceivers that use source-synchronous DDR signaling.
7
Parker, M. C., F. Farjady, and S. D. Walker. "Reduced Wavelength-Count Vector-Addressed Multi-Stage Access Network Based on Phased-Array Optical Routers." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwb6.
Анотація:
Wavelength-routing [1] in the access network offers the prospect of high security and Gbit/s capacity to the end user. However, for large numbers of wavelengths (e.g. >32) issues of stability and precision become important. In this paper, we present a novel 3-stage switched ATM access architecture, shown in fig. 1, which (while maintaining the above benefits) can route to large numbers of customers using a minimal set of wavelengths, and also allows an evolutionary path from current passive optical networks (PONs). We exploit the functionality of cascaded programmable and passive arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs) [2], to provide a multi-dimensional bi-directional addressing strategy, based on spatial, wavelength and temporal multiplexing. The same network can be used for independent upstream routing by utilising the reciprocal input and output AWG ports, and taking advantage of their cyclic-shifting properties to avoid potential collisions. Stage 1 in the proposed architecture is a P-way splitter with semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), stage 2 is an active coarse AWG with Q output ports, and stage 3, located at the distribution point (DP) near the end users, is a passive coarse AWG with R output ports. To upgrade from existing PONs, the 3rd stage can also equally consist of an R-way optical splitter, with coarse wavelength-filters at the customer end. At the DP, the coarse AWGs (insensitive to temperature changes > 70°C) each have R=24 output ports, which allows the architecture to map onto 99% of the current UK network topology. The parameter R also defines the number of wavelengths to be 24. The total number of customers served is the product PQR=6912, where P=12, Q=R=24. Since only coarse demultiplexing is performed, the need for stable and accurately defined wavelength sources at the exchange and end user is obviated.