Статті в журналах: "Full scale plant"

1

Henket, Frans. "Testing Polymers at Full Plant Scale." Opflow 13, no. 11 (November 1987): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.1987.tb00467.x.

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2

Elnour, Mariam, Nader Meskin, Khlaed M. Khan, Raj Jain, Syed Zaidi, and Hammadur Siddiqui. "Full-Scale Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant Simulator." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 16561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.780.

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3

Eng, A. Pearce C., G. Long, and Lingley Mere. "DAVYHULME WwTW PILOT VERSUS FULL SCALE BAFF PLANT." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 13 (January 1, 2000): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700784607730.

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4

Christensen, Niels Peter, F. Dalhoff, O. Biede, and M. Noer. "Full-scale CCS demo plant at Nordjyllandsværket, Denmark." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6, no. 17 (February 1, 2009): 172014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/6/17/172014.

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5

Yu, Y. H., and K. S. L. Lo. "A Pilot-Plant Study to Salvage a Full-Scale Treatment Plant." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0014.

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Kwei-Shan Wastewater Treatment Plant is the second oldest treatment plant ever designed and operated in Taiwan, to treat the combined industrial wastewater collected from various kinds of factories located in Kwei-Shan Industrial Park. From the beginning the treatment plant has been suffering from influents containing a spectrum of various pollutants harmful to the activated-sludge system of the plant. Extreme pH measurements (1.4-12.0), jumpy organic contents (COD 104-6660 mg/l), high metal concentrations (Cu up to 19 mg/l, Zn up to 37 mg/l), and high grease concentrations (up to 470 mg/l) were unbelievably found in tne plant influents, while a traditional plain primary settling tank was the only shield to protect the aeration basin from damage. In a dilemma like this, a pilot-plant study was undertaken to save the efficiency of the existing biological treatment plant from those various fatal influent constituents. A flow equalization tank and a chemical treatment unit were first built to damp out pH and COD variations, Ca(OH)2 was added to remove the toxic metals as well as part of the grease. The effluent after the above treatment was then neutralized and sent to the downscaled activated sludge system containing one aeration tank and one settling tank. The results indicated that equalization and chemical precipitation by using the existing space of the roughing filter and the sedimentation tank could produce much safer influents to the activated sludge system.

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6

Stenström, F., and J. la Cour Jansen. "Impact on nitrifiers of full-scale bioaugmentation." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 11 (August 31, 2017): 3079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.480.

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Abstract Nitrifiers are the slowest growing bacteria used in conventional biological wastewater treatment. Furthermore, their growth rate is seriously hampered by low temperature. As a result, the volume needed for nitrification dominates the volume of the biological reactors at a wastewater treatment plant. As a way of enhancing nitrification and reducing this volume, bioaugmentation can be used. Nitrifiers from a side-stream plant can be inoculated to the mainstream process, which is thereby boosted. The effect of bioaugmentation can be measured in different ways. This full-scale study focuses on the effect of bioaugmentation from a microbial point of view by using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The study reveals how bioaugmentation increases the diversity of nitrifiers in the mainstream process and in the side-stream plant; that the abundance of nitrifiers is increased in the mainstream process; the interaction between nitrifiers from the side-stream plant and mainstream process; and the effect of bioaugmentation on nitrifying genera and species over time. To our knowledge, this detailed microbial information on nitrifying species during a full-scale bioaugmentation study has not been presented before.

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7

ten Brummeler, E. "Full scale experience with the BIOCEL process." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 3 (February 1, 2000): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0084.

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The BIOCEL process is a mesophilic dry anaerobic batch digestion system for solid organic wastes. In the BIOCEL process organic solid wastes, such as source separated organic fraction of MSW (biowaste) is converted into enriched compost and biogas. In the process net energy production is achieved by converting the biogas to heat and power with a heat-electric power production unit. In September 1997 the first full scale plant is started-up in Lelystad, The Netherlands. This plant is processing 50,000 tons of biowaste (organic fraction of MSW from source separation) per year. The plant has a net energy production and therefore contributes to prevention of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. In the BIOCEL-system the several compost fractions are produced with a “wet” separation process. During the wet separation sand and contaminants are removed. An important aspect of compost quality is the absence of several types of pathogens. It appears that anaerobic digestion with the BIOCEL- process results in complete inactivation of several important groups of plant and animal pathogens. The mechanism that causes the inactivation is not yet fully understood, but the relatively high Volatile Fatty Acids concentration during the first two weeks of the digestion process might presumably be the key factor.

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8

Qamar, Mohd Obaid, Izharul Haq Farooqi, Faris M. Munshi, Abdullah H. Alsabhan, Mohab Amin Kamal, Mohd Amir Khan, and Aisha Saleh Alwadai. "Performance of full-scale slaughterhouse effluent treatment plant (SETP)." Journal of King Saud University - Science 34, no. 3 (April 2022): 101891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101891.

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9

Boulenger, P., W. Driessen, E. van de Werfhorst, and M. Tielbaard. "Anaerobic effluent treatment by a pilot and full-scale plant at a chemical industrial complex." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 5-6 (September 1, 2000): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0525.

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To test the feasibility of anaerobic treatment of an effluent from a chemical factory producing intermediates for synthetic fibres, test work with a 45 l UASB pilot plant was conducted. Following its successful operation, a full-scale anaerobic effluent treatment plant including a 400 m3 combined pre-acidification tank and a 990 m3 Biopaq®-UASB reactor was constructed. The results of the pilot plant and the full-scale anaerobic treatment plant have been compared, similarities and differences in performance are presented and evaluated. COD removal efficiencies above 80% and BOD efficiencies in excess of 85% achieved in the pilot trial were confirmed by the full-scale installation. Overall process design as well as operational data from the pilot trial and the full-scale plant is presented. Despite the differences in configuration, operational results of the full-scale plant are comparable to the results obtained from the pilot plant study making such a pilot plant a useful tool for the process design of an full-scale anaerobic effluent treatment plant.

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10

Bosander, J., and Å. D. Westlund. "Operation of full-scale fluidized bed for denitrification." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 9 (May 1, 2000): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0184.

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The SYVAB company has extended the plant with a fluidized bed for post denitrification. The method was chosen mainly for two reasons. First, the relatively low investment cost and second, the flexibility in the process to adjust the discharged nitrogen according to the circumstances in the recipient. Start-up took place in April 1997 with an adaption period of four weeks. From mid September the same year the plant has been in full denitrifying operation. The average nitrate-nitrogen reduction rate has been 90% with 1.9 mg NO3–N in the outlet. Methanol is used as external carbon source. At the present purification rate the cost for total nitrogen reduction is 18 SEK (2.25 USD)/kg N.

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11

Wong, J., P. Maroney, P. Diepolder, K. Chiang, and A. Benedict. "Petroleum Effluent Toxicity Reduction – From Pilot to Full-Scale Plant." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 3 (February 1, 1992): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0096.

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A petroleum refining complex was required to upgrade its wastewater treatment system to meet newly adopted toxicity requirements and to handle increased flows. A four-phase investigation led to the design and construction of a full-scale PACT® system. The first phase, waste stream characterization, indicated that the effluent toxicity was organic in nature. The second phase, bench-scale screening, indicated that the toxicity was removable by activated carbon adsorption. The third phase, comparative pilot testing, indicated that although both extended aeration and PACT® processes were effective in reducing COD concentrations, only PACT® could remove the toxicity. In the fourth phase investigation, the PACT® pilot plant was tested for various conditions, including dry- and wet-weather flow conditions. The full-scale PACT® plant has been operating for more than two years and is meeting all expectations.

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12

Ridal, A., E. J. Ramm, and K. D. Reeve. "Full Scale Fabrication of Synroc in a Non-Radioactive Plant." Materials Science Forum 34-36 (January 1991): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.34-36.577.

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13

Gazsó, Z., F. Házi, I. Kenyeres, and L. Váci. "Full-scale wastewater treatment plant simulation for real-time optimization." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 848–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.091.

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Abstract A dynamic simulation model has been developed and validated for the 1.4 million p.e. capacity Budapest Central Wastewater Treatment Plant to support intensification, process development and risk assessment. By the integration of both the biological and physico-chemical processes the technological design of separated units becomes possible as well as the exploration of the connections within the system. The calibration of the model parameters for an operating treatment plant is the key requirement for the proper application of dynamic simulation tool to optimize operational and maintenance conditions and specify the potential development areas. We have done a one-year period of validation which included sensitivity analysis and the simulation of time intervals in the same way as in the calibration process. At the same time we investigated the suitability of the simulation system for real-time operation optimization. As conclusion we ascertained that due to the computational power necessity of a properly detailed model, it is not applicable for real-time operation optimization, nevertheless it is suitable for the detection of the system reactions for long-term changes of the influent load. This means that a properly functioning model is applicable for indicating the development directions.

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14

Krzeminski, Pawel, Arjen van Nieuwenhuijzen, Jaap van der Graaf, and Jules van Lier. "Full-Scale MBR Monitoring – Activated Sludge Filterability vs. Plant Performance." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2010, no. 5 (January 1, 2010): 304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864710798217142.

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15

Baker, Simon, Yoomin Lee, Doug Taniguchi, Nicholas Szoke, Allan Zaleski, and Jan Oleszkiewicz. "Design and Operation of a Full-scale Sidestream Bioaugmentation Plant." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2009, no. 18 (January 1, 2009): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864709793955474.

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16

Xi, Wenfei, Zhengtao Shi, Mohammad Reza Farahani, and Wei Gao. "Computer simulation of coal gasification in a full scale plant." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 39, no. 8 (March 16, 2017): 768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2016.1263253.

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17

Mohanty, M. K. "In-plant optimization of a full-scale Jameson flotation cell." Minerals Engineering 14, no. 11 (November 2001): 1531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6875(01)00166-2.

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18

Douglas, Peter L., Steven C. Lythgoe, and Subir K. Mallick. "Coal liquefaction modelling: 3. Application to full scale pilot plant." Fuel 73, no. 4 (April 1994): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(94)90039-6.

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19

Yoo, Chang-Kyoo, Hong-Rok Son, and In-Beum Lee. "MODELING AND MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS IN A FULL-SCALE INDUSTRIAL PLANT." Environmental Engineering Research 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2005): 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2005.10.2.088.

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20

Gundermann, Matthias, Peter Heidebrecht, and Kai Sundmacher. "Parameter Identification of a Dynamic MCFC Model Using a Full-Scale Fuel Cell Plant." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 47, no. 8 (April 2008): 2728–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie070951m.

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21

Isaka, Kazuichi, Yuya Kimura, Masahiro Matsuura, Toshifumi Osaka, and Satoshi Tsuneda. "First full-scale nitritation-anammox plant using gel entrapment technology for ammonia plant effluent." Biochemical Engineering Journal 122 (June 2017): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2017.03.005.

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22

Schutte, C. "Desalination and reuse of power plant effluents : from pilot plant to full scale application." Desalination 67, no. 4 (1987): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(87)85023-3.

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23

Schutte, C. F., T. Spencer, J. D. Aspden, and D. Hanekom. "Desalination and reuse of power plant effluents : From pilot plant to full scale application." Desalination 67 (December 1987): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(87)90249-9.

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24

Puchongkawarin, C., S. Fitzgerald, and B. Chachuat. "Plant-wide Optimization of a Full-Scale Activated Sludge Plant with Anaerobic Sludge Treatment." IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, no. 8 (2015): 1234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.09.137.

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25

Malmqvist, Åsa, Lars Gunnarsson, and Christer Torstenon. "Lab and pilot scale tests as tools for upgrading - comparison with full scale results." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 9 (May 1, 1998): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0336.

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Parameters such as hydraulic retention time, organic load, maximum COD removal, sludge characteristics and optimal nutrient dosage can be determined by simulation in small scale models of the chosen process. Laboratory tests are the natural first step when considering upgrading, or designing a new, biological treatment plant. The potential for a biological treatment can be examined at a low cost and within a minimum of time, often through parallel testing of different treatment methods. Once a suitable process configuration has been found, lab scale tests may well be used for optimizing the process and obtaining design data, thus minimizing the need for more expensive tests in larger scale. The principal reason for a pilot plant test is the possibility to investigate natural variations in wastewater composition and the effect this will have on process stability. The use of laboratory and pilot scale tests is here illustrated by the work carried out prior to the upgrading of the treatment plant at Nyboholm paper mill. A description of the upgraded full scale installation consisting of both chemical treatment and a suspended-carrier biofilm process is included and a comparison between results from lab, pilot and full scale treatment is made.

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26

Oloche James, Oleyiblo, Jia-Shun Cao, and Xiao-Guang Lu. "Troubleshooting a Full-scale Wastewater Treatment Plant for Biological Nutrient Removal." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 7, no. 4 (January 27, 2014): 745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.7.312.

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27

Weissenbacher, Norbert, Imre Takacs, Sudhir Murthy, Maria Fuerhacker, and Bernhard Wett. "Gaseous Nitrogen and Carbon Emissions from a Full-Scale Deammonification Plant." Water Environment Research 82, no. 2 (February 2010): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143009x447867.

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28

Zhou, Jianpeng, Ethan W. Steinacher, and Azadeh Akhavan Bloorchian. "Carbon Footprinting a Full-scale Wastewater Treatment Plant – A Case Study." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2012, no. 14 (January 1, 2012): 2358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811726211.

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29

Jahn, Lydia, Karl Svardal, and Jörg Krampe. "Accidently aerobic granules - data evaluation of a full-scale SBR plant." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 164 (2019): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.24366.

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30

Świątczak, Piotr, Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska, and Paulina Rusanowska. "Microbiota of anaerobic digesters in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant." Archives of Environmental Protection 43, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2017-0033.

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AbstractAnaerobic digestion is an important technology for the bio-based economy. The stability of the process is crucial for its successful implementation and depends on the structure and functional stability of the microbial community. In this study, the total microbial community was analyzed during mesophilic fermentation of sewage sludge in full-scale digesters.The digesters operated at 34–35°C, and a mixture of primary and excess sludge at a ratio of 2:1 was added to the digesters at 550 m3/d, for a sludge load of 0.054 m3/(m3·d). The amount and composition of biogas were determined. The microbial structure of the biomass from the digesters was investigated with use of next-generation sequencing.The percentage of methanogens in the biomass reached 21%, resulting in high quality biogas (over 61% methane content). The abundance of syntrophic bacteria was 4.47%, and stable methane production occurred at a Methanomicrobia to Synergistia ratio of 4.6:1.0. The two most numerous genera of methanogens (about 11% total) wereMethanosaetaandMethanolinea, indicating that, at the low substrate loading in the digester, the acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic paths of methane production were equally important. The high abundance of the orderBacteroidetes, including the classCytophagia(11.6% of all sequences), indicated the high potential of the biomass for efficient degradation of lignocellulitic substances, and for degradation of protein and amino acids to acetate and ammonia.This study sheds light on the ecology of microbial groups that are involved in mesophilic fermentation in mature, stably-performing microbiota in full-scale reactors fed with sewage sludge under low substrate loading.

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31

Yu, Xiaolong, Jinju Geng, Hongqiang Ren, Han Chao, and Huimin Qiu. "Determination of phosphite in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17, no. 2 (2015): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4em00543k.

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Phosphite (HPO₃²⁻, +3), a reduced P species in the P biogeochemical cycle, was monitored in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) that uses an anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic-membrane bioreactor (A²/O-MBR) technology for treating mixed wastewater (56% industrial wastewater and 44% domestic wastewater) from June 2013 to May 2014.

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32

Szpyrkowicz, L., F. Zilio‐Grandi, and P. Canepa. "Performance of a full‐scale treatment plant for textile dyeing wastewaters." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 56, no. 1-4 (August 1996): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772249609358347.

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33

Florentz, M., M. C. Hascoet, and F. Bourdon. "Biological phosphorus removal at an experimental full-scale plant in France." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-040.

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In France, all phosphorus removal treatment has been based on precipitation by means of chemical reagents. With a view to reducing costs, a series of laboratory experiments was initiated and subsequently followed up by full-scale studies in early 1984 at the Saint-Mars-la-Jaille treatment plant. This is the first biological P-removal plant to be put on line in France.The plant operates at low loading levels with extended aeration. Nitrification–denitrification is achieved in controlled aerobic and nonaerobic zones through a multi-mini-step process in a plug–flow reactor. Complete nitrate removal results in a release of phosphorus during the anaerobic phase and, hence in a high level of phosphorus accumulation in the aerobic sludge.Phosphorus removal was optimized by replacing the thickener with a new flotation thickener to minimize P-release in the anaerobic sludge blanket. The phosphorus removal levels obtained varied from 35% at the outset of the study to 89% upon stabilization. This paper outlines the basic technical alterations made to ensure efficient phosphorus removal with this type of sewage plant as well as the analytical procedures used, and identifies the polyphosphates accumulated in activated sludge, on the basis of 31-phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P nmr).Results concerning phosphorus removal at low temperatures are also provided. Key words: activated sludge, wastewater treatment, biological phosphate removal, anaerobic conditions, restricted oxygen, nuclear magnetic resonance, flotation, temperature.

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34

Duan, Haoran, Ben van den Akker, Benjamin J. Thwaites, Lai Peng, Caroline Herman, Yuting Pan, Bing-Jie Ni, Shane Watt, Zhiguo Yuan, and Liu Ye. "Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant." Water Research 185 (October 2020): 116196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116196.

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35

Kamp, Peer C., Joop C. Kruithof, and Henk C. Folmer. "UF/RO treatment plant Heemskerk: from challenge to full scale application." Desalination 131, no. 1-3 (December 2000): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(00)90003-1.

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36

Tejaswini, E. S. S., Soniya Panjwani, G. Uday Bhaskar Babu, and A. Seshagiri Rao. "Model Based Control of a Full-Scale Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 1 (2020): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.06.036.

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37

Garuti, Mirco, Michela Langone, Claudio Fabbri, and Sergio Piccinini. "Monitoring of full-scale hydrodynamic cavitation pretreatment in agricultural biogas plant." Bioresource Technology 247 (January 2018): 599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.100.

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38

Karadag, Dogan, Bestami Özkaya, Esra Ölmez, Marika E. Nissilä, Mehmet Çakmakçı, Şenol Yıldız, and Jaakko A. Puhakka. "Profiling of bacterial community in a full-scale aerobic composting plant." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 77 (February 2013): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.10.011.

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39

Gómez, Marcel, Lukáš Dvořák, Iveta Růžičková, Marek Holba, and Jiří Wanner. "Operational experience with a seasonally operated full-scale membrane bioreactor plant." Bioresource Technology 121 (October 2012): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.095.

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40

Ruiz-García, A., and I. Nuez. "Long-term intermittent operation of a full-scale BWRO desalination plant." Desalination 489 (September 2020): 114526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114526.

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41

De Gisi, Sabino, Maurizio Galasso, and Giovanni De Feo. "Full-scale treatment of wastewater from a biodiesel fuel production plant with alkali-catalyzed transesterification." Environmental Technology 34, no. 7 (April 2013): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2012.720717.

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42

Sutton, P. M., and P. N. Mishra. "Fluidized Bed Biological Wastewater Treatment: Effects of Scale-Up on System Performance." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1990): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0166.

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The operation of a number of small and large scale biological fluidized bed pilot plants over the past ten years has resulted in the derivation of process and component information for design of commercial facilities. The General Motors (GM) Corporation represents the single, largest industrial user of the technology in the United States. Ten fluidized bed reactors are located at GM automotive manufacturing facilities. Nine of the reactors are designed to treat wastewaters originating from metalworking operations pretreated for removal of petroleum oils. The other reactor is designed for treatment of sanitary waste-water. In 1984 and 1985, GM completed extensive pilot plant studies and on the basis of the results selected the aerobic fluidized bed (AFB) process configuration for full scale implementation at various plant sites. The fluidized bed reactors located at the sites range in reactor volume from approximately 60 to 730 m3. The pilot plant results which formed the basis for process design of the full scale reactors involved operation of 77 l fluidized bed reactors. Operating information and performance results were derived from evaluation of full scale GM fluidized bed reactors located at the New Departure Hyatt (NDH) plant in Sandusky, Ohio and the Oldsmobile engine plant in Lansing, Michigan. The full scale results were compared to the pilot plant results with the objective of understanding the effects of scale-up on system operation and performance. A comparable level of reactor attached volatile solids (VS) was measured in the pilot and full scale reactors. Biomass net yield coefficients were higher in the full scale reactors, likely due to differences in the composition of the wastewater fed to the full scale versus the pilot scale units. Oxygen utilization coefficients were comparable. The full scale performance results compared favorably with results from the pilot plant studies on the basis of the relationship between effluent quality and reactor solids retention time (SRT).

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Dobolyi, Elemér, and Imre Takács. "PILOT -SCALE, HIGH-STRENGTH INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EVALUATION BY MATHEMATICAL MODELLING." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0078.

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An existing rendering plant wastewater treatment facility has to be upgraded to meet the newly set British and more stringent EC effluent standards. After detailed analysis it turned out, that the existing treatment plant cannot be upgraded, a new plant has to be built. The rendering plant processes slaughterhouse wastes. The wastewater contains easily biodegradable organic substances, mainly organic acids, organic bonded nitrogen and ammonia. According to the new effluent standards the main task, besides the organic removal was the complete removal of nitrogen. The aim of this study was to find out the best available technology and the basic wastewater design data. For this purpose, on site pilot scale experiments were carried out. In several test runs the influent BOD and T K N have varied of between 1400-5500 and 460-1120 mg/l, respectively. Based on the experimental results, single-sludge nitrification-denitrification technology was selected for the full scale treatment plant. The plant was extended by chemical phosphate removal applying the post-precipitation method. In addition to the experimental schedule, a mathematical model of the plant was developed for two purposes.– to verify the applicability of the general activated sludge model under high concentration influent conditions, and– to generalize experimental results and provide a tool to predict plant performance under full scale conditions. On the basis of successful pilot plant experiments and model calibration, full scale plant design parameters were determined and presented. The full scale plant is under construction.

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Lindrea, K. C., S. P. Pigdon, B. Boyd, and G. A. Lockwood. "Biomass Characterization in a Nitrification-Denitrification Biological Enhanced Phosphorus Removal (NDBEPR) Plant during Start-Up and Subsequent Periods of Good and Poor Phosphorus Removal." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 7 (April 1, 1994): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0316.

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During commissioning and process stabilization of a NDBEPR plant at Bendigo intracellular distribution and movement of phosphorus, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ was followed to establish the nature of biomass development. The system was also monitored at the end of a period of breakdown of the BEPR process and during its return to phosphorus removal. Phosphorus (P) and Mg2+ distribution in the biomass were closely related during all phases of plant operation, and laboratory trials indicated that the poor performance of the full-scale plant was associated with seasonal reduction in influent Mg2+. Laboratory scale trials produced a similar effect when the influent Mg2+ was limited to concentrations much lower than those experienced in the full scale plant, but only after the Mg2+ and P reserves in the biomass were depleted. The distribution of P, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the biomass from the full scale plant was similar to that seen in the laboratory trials when cations in the feed were severely limited and recovery of the full scale plant also closely matched that of the laboratory scale system.

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Lytle, Darren A., Thomas J. Sorg, Lili Wang, Christy Muhlen, Matthew Rahrig, and Ken French. "Biological nitrification in a full-scale and pilot-scale iron removal drinking water treatment plant." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 56, no. 2 (March 2007): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2007.092.

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Hvala, Nadja, Darko Vrečko, and Cirila Bordon. "Plant-wide modelling for assessment and optimization of upgraded full-scale wastewater treatment plant performance." Water Practice and Technology 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 566–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2018.070.

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Abstract This paper presents the design of a plant-wide CNP (carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus) simulation model of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant, which will be upgraded for tertiary treatment to achieve compliance with effluent total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) limit values. The plant-wide model of the existing plant was first designed and extensively validated under long-term dynamic operation. The most crucial step was a precise characterization of input wastewater that was performed by extending the plant performance indicators both to a water line and sludge line and systematically estimating identifiable wastewater characterization parameters from plant-wide performance indicators, i.e. effluent concentrations, biogas and sludge production, and sludge composition. The thus constructed simulation model with standard activated sludge model (ASM2d) and anaerobic digestion model (MantisAD) overpredicted ortho-P and ammonia-N on the sludge line, indicating a need to integrate state-of-the-art physico-chemical minerals precipitation models to simulate plant-wide interactions more precisely. The upgraded plant with multimode anaerobic/anoxic/oxic configuration shows limited denitrification potential. Therefore, additional reject water treatment was evaluated to improve effluent TN and TP performance.

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Schellinkhout, A., and C. J. Collazos. "Full-Scale Application of the UASB Technology for Sewage Treatment." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 7 (April 1, 1992): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0148.

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In recent years, many pilot-scale investigations were reported on the application of the UASB concept for sewage treatment. Information about large-scale experience is scarce, however. This paper describes the experience obtained with the design, construction and initial operation of a 160,000 PE (31,000 m3/day, 8 MGD) plant in Colombia, consisting of UASB reactors and a facultative pond in series. It describes the possibilities and limitations of the use of prefab concrete as a building material for UASB reactors. The real cost of erection of the plant was USD 17 per capita; the cost for operation and maintenance amounted to USD 1.50 per capita.

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van der Helm, A. W. C., L. T. J. van der Aa, K. M. van Schagen, and L. C. Rietveld. "Modeling of full-scale drinking water treatment plants with embedded plant control." Water Supply 9, no. 3 (August 1, 2009): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.355.

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In general, the available control actions in drinking water treatment plants are not directly related to the process objectives for water quality. Model based optimization of operation of a drinking water treatment plant by direct control of water quality objectives is discussed. Plant control with PID controllers is embedded in the model of a drinking water treatment plant and the ozonation process in the plant is used as a case study. It is concluded that direct control of water quality objectives, e.g. Giardia inactivation for ozonation, can largely reduce uncertainty and variation in process performance and leads to improvements of drinking water quality. In the discussed case it led to less bromate formation at the same disinfection capacity. Embedded plant control with PID controllers in the model of drinking water treatment plants through the use of code for writing control functionality has a large potential for model based optimization of operation.

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De Marchi, Romano, Michael Koss, Dominik Ziegler, Sophie De Respinis, and Orlando Petrini. "Fungi in water samples of a full-scale water work." Mycological Progress 17, no. 4 (January 11, 2018): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1372-3.

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Kushkevych, Ivan, Jiří Cejnar, Monika Vítězová, Tomáš Vítěz, Dani Dordević, and Yannick J. Bomble. "Occurrence of Thermophilic Microorganisms in Different Full Scale Biogas Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010283.

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Background: In recent years, various substrates have been tested to increase the sustainable production of biomethane. The effect of these substrates on methanogenesis has been investigated mainly in small volume fermenters and were, for the most part, focused on studying the diversity of mesophilic microorganisms. However, studies of thermophilic communities in large scale operating mesophilic biogas plants do not yet exist. Methods: Microbiological, biochemical, biophysical methods, and statistical analysis were used to track thermophilic communities in mesophilic anaerobic digesters. Results: The diversity of the main thermophile genera in eight biogas plants located in the Czech Republic using different input substrates was investigated. In total, 19 thermophilic genera were detected after 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The highest percentage (40.8%) of thermophiles was found in the Modřice biogas plant where the input substrate was primary sludge and biological sludge (50/50, w/w %). The smallest percentage (1.87%) of thermophiles was found in the Čejč biogas plant with the input substrate being maize silage and liquid pig manure (80/20, w/w %). Conclusions: The composition of the anaerobic consortia in anaerobic digesters is an important factor for the biogas plant operator. The present study can help characterizing the impact of input feeds on the composition of microbial communities in these plants.

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