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Статті в журналах з теми "Full-body kinetic model"
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Humphrey, Quentin, Manoj Srinivasan, Syed T. Mubarrat, and Suman K. Chowdhury. "Development of a Full-body OpenSim Musculoskeletal Model Incorporating Head-mounted Virtual Reality Headset." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, no. 1 (September 2021): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651270.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, we developed and validated a full-body musculoskeletal model in OpenSim to estimate muscle and joint forces while performing various motor tasks using a virtual reality (VR) system. We compared the results from our developed full-body musculoskeletal model to those from previous studies by simulating kinematic and kinetic data of participants performing pick-and-place lifting tasks using with and without a physically interactive VR system. Results showed that scaling errors between the two environments are comparable, while the overall errors were consistent with previous studies. Overall, the results from the inverse dynamic simulations showed the promise of our developed OpenSim models in determining potential intervention or prevention strategies to reduce the musculoskeletal injury incidences while simulating human-device interaction tasks.
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Vavalle, Nicholas A., A. Bradley Thompson, Ashley R. Hayes, Daniel P. Moreno, Joel D. Stitzel, and F. Scott Gayzik. "Investigation of the Mass Distribution of a Detailed Seated Male Finite Element Model." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 30, no. 3 (June 2014): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2013-0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Accurate mass distribution in computational human body models is essential for proper kinematic and kinetic simulations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mass distribution of a 50th percentile male (M50) full body finite element model (FEM) in the seated position. The FEM was partitioned into 10 segments, using segment planes constructed from bony landmarks per the methods described in previous research studies. Body segment masses and centers of gravity (CGs) of the FEM were compared with values found from these studies, which unlike the present work assumed homogeneous body density. Segment masses compared well to literature while CGs showed an average deviation of 6.0% to 7.0% when normalized by regional characteristic lengths. The discrete mass distribution of the FEM appears to affect the mass and CGs of some segments, particularly those with low-density soft tissues. The locations of the segment CGs are provided in local coordinate systems, thus facilitating comparison with other full body FEMs and human surrogates. The model provides insights into the effects of inhomogeneous mass on the location of body segment CGs.
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Takei, Yoshiaki. "Three-Dimensional Analysis of Handspring with Full Turn Vault: Deterministic Model, Coaches' Beliefs, and Judges' Scores." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 14, no. 2 (May 1998): 190–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.14.2.190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the study was to identify mechanical variables that govern successful performance of the handspring with full turn vault. Subjects were 67 male gymnasts from 25 countries performing the vault during the 1992 Olympic Games. The vaults were filmed by two 16-mm Locam II DC cameras operating at 100 Hz. Approximately 80 frames per subject were digitized for each camera view. Direct linear transformation (DLT) was used to calculate the 3-D coordinates of the digitized body points. The method of Hay and Reid (1988) was used to develop a theoretical model to identify the mechanical variables that determine linear and angular motions of the vault. Significant correlations (p< .005) indicated that the following were important determinants for success: large horizontal velocity, large horizontal kinetic energy term, and overall translational kinetic energy term at takeoff from the board; short duration, small vertical displacement of the center of gravity (CG), and small somersaulting angular distance of preflight; large vertical velocity and large vertical kinetic energy term at takeoff from the horse; and large "amplitude of postflight," that is, large horizontal and vertical displacements of CG and long duration of flight; great height of CG during the second quarter-tum in postflight; and small point deduction for landing.
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Skublewska-Paszkowska, Maria, Pawel Powroznik, Jakub Smolka, Marek Milosz, Edyta Lukasik, Dilbar Mukhamedova, and Elzbieta Milosz. "Methodology of 3D Scanning of Intangible Cultural Heritage—The Example of Lazgi Dance." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 11568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311568.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Traditional dance is one of the key elements of Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH). Many scientific papers concern analysis of dance sequences, classification and recognition of movements, making ICH data public, creating and visualising 3D models or software solutions for learning folklore dances. These works make it possible to preserve this disappearing art. The aim of this article is to propose a methodology for scanning folklore dances. The methodology was developed on the basis of capturing 3D data via an optical motion capture system with a full body Plug-in Gait model that allows for kinematic and kinetic analysis of motion sequences. An additional element of this research was the development of a hand model with which it is possible to precisely analyse the fingers, which play a significant role in many dances. The present methodology was verified on the basis of the Lazgi dance, included in the UNESCO ICH list. The obtained results of movement biomechanics for the dance sequence and the angles of the fingers indicate that it is universal and can be applied to dances that involve the upper and lower body parts, including hand movements.
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Oh, Jeonghoon, Moataz Eltoukhy, Christopher Kuenze, Michael S. Andersen, and Joseph F. Signorile. "Comparison of predicted kinetic variables between Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy age-matched control using a depth sensor-driven full-body musculoskeletal model." Gait & Posture 76 (February 2020): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.11.011.
Повний текст джерела
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Uyulan, Çağlar, and Batuhan İpek. "Watt Six-Bar Compliant Mechanism Analysis Based on Kinematic and Dynamic Responses." Scientific Research Communications 1, no. 1 (July 29, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/src.2021.002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, a complete guide to kinematic and kinetic analyses of a Watt type six-bar compliant mechanism is conducted incorporating the flexible buckling of the initially straight element. In the analysis procedure, the hybrid utilization of the pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) and the nonlinear elastic theory of beam buckling is presented. This partially compliant mechanism comprises three rigid links and two flexible links. The kinematic analyses of the mechanisms are done by using the vector loop closure equations, the PRBM of a large deflection cantilever beam, and derivation of nonlinear algebraic equations considering the quasi-static equilibrium and load-deflection curve of the flexible parts. Each of the elastic parts makes up a buckling pinned-pinned flexible Euler beam. The vector loop equations are combined with Newton-Euler dynamic formulations to provide the simultaneous constraint matrix. After these operations, the full mechanism is simulated to get both accelerations and forces for each time step. Finally, the design method is validated through experimental results. The findings derived from the combination of buckling elastica solution and PRBM approach enable the analysis of Watt's six-bar compliant mechanism.
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Haug, Espen Gaarder. "New full relativistic escape velocity and new Hubble related equation for the universe." Physics Essays 34, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 502–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-34.4.502.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The escape velocity derived from general relativity coincides with the Newtonian one. However, the Newtonian escape velocity can only be a good approximation when v ≪ c is sufficient to break free of the gravitational field of a massive body, as it ignores higher-order terms of the relativistic kinetic energy Taylor series expansion. Consequently, it does not work for a gravitational body with a radius at which v is close to c such as a black hole. To address this problem, we revisit the concept of relativistic mass, abandoned by Einstein, and derive what we call a full relativistic escape velocity. This approach leads to a new escape radius, where ve = c equal to a half of the Schwarzschild radius. Furthermore, we show that one can derive the Friedmann equation for a critical universe from the escape velocity formula from general relativity theory. We also derive a new equation for a flat universe based on our full relativistic escape velocity formula. Our alternative to the Friedmann formula predicts exactly twice the mass density in our (critical) universe as the Friedmann equation after it is calibrated to the observed cosmological redshift. Our full relativistic escape velocity formula also appears more consistent with the uniqueness of the Planck mass (particle) than the general relativity theory: whereas the general relativity theory predicts an escape velocity above c for the Planck mass at a radius equal to the Planck length, our model predicts an escape velocity c in this case.
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Quental, C., J. Folgado, J. Ambrósio, and MT Silva. "A simple controller to overcome the lack of correlation between forward and inverse dynamic analysis of human motion tasks." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 230, no. 4 (August 3, 2016): 350–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419315608336.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The majority of biomechanical analyses of human motions, including those with musculoskeletal models, use inverse dynamic approaches due to its ability to deal with experimentally acquired kinematic and kinetic data. Yet, a forward dynamic approach can be more powerful and provide better insights on the transmission of forces in the internal biomechanical systems and structures of the human body. Although both approaches may use the same biomechanical model the results achieved do not necessarily correlate with each other. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the source of the lack of correlation between inverse and forward dynamics methodologies providing, in the process, insights on how to overcome such differences. Two types of problems involving the biomechanics of the spatial human motion are used to evaluate the correlation between the forward and inverse dynamic approaches: a gait analysis of a deterministic biomechanical model of the lower limbs, and, a full musculoskeletal model of the upper limb, which is characterised by the solution of a redundant muscle force sharing problem. For that purpose, an inverse dynamic model is applied to estimate the forces responsible for two experimentally acquired motions that are, afterwards, given as input to the forward dynamics model, which is used, in turn, to compute the kinematics of the biomechanical model. The comparison between the reference kinematics, acquired experimentally, and that resulting from the forward dynamic analysis supports that a lack of correlation between the inverse and forward dynamic analysis is always observed. It is proposed here, and demonstrated, that a controller implemented in a feedback loop is able to enhance numerical stability of the forward dynamics solution, leading to the ability of the forward dynamics approach to successfully simulate the acquired motions.
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Xie, Suchao, Weilin Yang, and Ping Xu. "Simulation Analysis of a Multiple-Vehicle, High-Speed Train Collision Using a Simplified Model." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9504141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To solve the problems associated with multiple-vehicle simulations of railway vehicles including large scale modelling, long computing time, low analysis efficiency, need for high performance computing, and large storage space, the middle part of the train where no plastic deformation occurs in the vehicle body was simplified using mass and beam elements. Comparative analysis of the collisions between a single railway vehicle (including head and intermediate vehicles before, and after, simplification) and a rigid wall showed that variations in impact kinetic energy, internal energy, and impact force (after simplification) are consistent with those of the unsimplified model. Meanwhile, the finite element model of a whole high-speed train was assembled based on the simplified single-vehicle model. The numbers of nodes and elements in the simplified finite element model of the whole train were 63.4% and 61.6%, respectively, compared to those of the unsimplified model. The simplified whole train model using the above method was more accurate than the multibody model. In comparison to the full-size finite element model, it is more specific, had more rapid computational speed, and saved a large amount of computational power and storage space. Finally, the velocity and acceleration data for every car were discussed through the analysis of the collision between two simplified trains at various speeds.
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Wang, Chenyan, Xiaona Li, Yuan Guo, Weijin Du, Hongmei Guo, and Weiyi Chen. "The Kinematic and Kinetic Responses of the Trunk and Lower Extremity Joints during Walking with and without the Spinal Orthosis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 6952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116952.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spinal orthoses are an effective option for restoring the spine to its original position and controlling poor posture. However, the effects of poor posture and spinal orthoses on the kinematics and kinetics of trunk and lower extremity joints remain unclear. A six-camera Vicon motion capture system and two AMTI force plates were employed to collect gait parameters, including joint angle (spine, thorax, hip, knee, and ankle), range of motion (ROM), and ground reaction forces (GRFs). Furthermore, joint moments and joint reaction forces (JRFs) were calculated using a full-body musculoskeletal model in OpenSim. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA (p < 0.05) was used to compare significant differences among three trial conditions. These three conditions were walking in a normal posture, poor posture, and spinal orthosis. The results showed that spine ROM in the coronal and transverse plane was significantly lower when walking with a spinal orthosis compared to walking in normal and poor posture (p < 0.05). Compared to normal posture, the lumbar moments and back compressive forces were significantly increased when walking in poor posture (p < 0.05). However, when walking with a spinal orthosis, there was a significant decrease in trunk moments and reaction forces compared to walking in poor posture (p < 0.05). Individuals with poor posture could potentially induce instability and disorders, as evidenced by an increase in trunk moments and JRF compared to the normal posture. Spinal orthosis not only restricts spine ROM but also reduces the load on the spine and thus increases balance and stability.
Дисертації з теми "Full-body kinetic model"
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Hite, Monique C. "Evaluation of the Performance of Bridge Steel Pedestals under Low Seismic Loads." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14485.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many bridges are damaged by collisions from over-height vehicles resulting in significant impact to the transportation network. To reduce the likelihood of impact from over-height vehicles, steel pedestals have been used as a cost-effective, efficient means to increase bridge clearance heights. However, these steel pedestals installed on more than 50 bridges in Georgia have been designed with no consideration of seismic loads and may behave in a similar fashion to high-type steel bearings. Past earthquakes have revealed the susceptibility of high-type bearings to damage, resulting in the collapse of several bridges. Although Georgia is located in a low-to-moderate region of seismicity, earthquake design loads for steel pedestals should not be ignored. In this study, the potential vulnerabilities of steel pedestals having limited strength and deformation capacity and lack of adequate connection details for anchor bolts is assessed experimentally and analytically. Full-scale reversed cyclic quasi-static experimental tests are conducted on a 40' bridge specimen rehabilitated with 19" and 33" steel pedestals to determine the modes of deformation and mechanisms that can lead to modes of failure. The inelastic force-deformation hysteretic behavior of the steel pedestals obtained from experimental test results is used to calibrate an analytical bridge model developed in OpenSees. The analytical bridge model is idealized based on a multi-span continuous bridge in Georgia that has been rehabilitated with steel pedestals. The analytical bridge model is subjected to a suite of ground motions to evaluate the performance of the steel pedestals and the overall bridge system. Recommendations are made to the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) for the design and construction of steel pedestals. The results of this research are useful for Georgia and other states in low-to-moderate seismic zones considering the use of steel pedestals to elevate bridges and therefore reduce the likelihood of over-height vehicle collisions.
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El-Mobader, Sarah Hassan. "Effect of Lap Belt Position on Kinematics & Injuries by using 6YO PIPER child HBM : in Frontal Crash Simulations." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68709.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Traffic accidents are the second leading cause of child fatality among children younger than 15 years of age. In the course of 10 years, the implementation of child restraint systems has decreased child fatality in traffic accidents with 50%, for children younger than 15 years. To gain an understanding of the kinematics and injury mechanisms of children in cars, finite element based human body models, representing higher biofidelity compared to crash test dummies, are developed. An FP7 European project, PIPER, developed a child HBM with an associated framework for scaling, morphing and positioning. The PIPER child HBM is scalable between the ages of 1.5-6YO, with scalable anthropometrics. This makes the PIPER child HBM, a powerful tool for analyzing children in vehicles. There are insufficient analyses conducted with the PIPER child HBM, due to its recent release. The purpose is thus to study the robustness of the HBM and its sensitivity to variation of lap belts by conducting a parametric study. Injury analysis and its sensitivity to lap belt variations were in addition studied in terms of kinematics by the study of submarining, the pelvic interaction with the lap belt, and the study of injuries related to the skull, brain, kidneys and liver. A full frontal crash simulation of a 6YO PIPER child HBM, with anthropometrics, covering the 50th percentile, have been investigated. The 6YO PIPER child HBM was seated with no booster, Volvo booster cushion and Volvo highback booster, with variations of the lap belt. The hip interactions and the submarining response of the 6YO PIPER child HBM were studied, by the study of the lap belt interactions with the pelvis and abdominal organs. The abdominal organs were related to the liver and kidneys, and compared to published threshold values. This study showed that the overall robustness of the model was questionable. With respect to kinematics, the model indicated higher robustness, however, when conducted the crash simulations with the 6YO PIPER child HBM, it was concluded that the robustness was low due to repeated premature terminations. The 6YO PIPER child HBM revealed repeated errors such as, mesh distortions, negative volume and shooting nodes. When studying the sensitivity of the 6YO PIPER child HBM, when varying the lap belt angles, as well as changing the type of boosters in addition to vehicle anchorage positions, it could be seen that the 6YO PIPER child HBM was able to capture variations with respect to lap belt positioning. Hence, the model seems to be capable of providing relevant information regarding sensitivity for lap belt variations from the kinematic perspective, in terms of being able to capture kinematic o↵set, submarining and pelvis interaction with the lap belt. However, with respect to predicted abdominal injuries and head injuries, the sensitivity was not as distinct. Some limitations were observed in which the 6YO PIPER child HBM indicated unrealistic predicted injuries related to the head, which was associated with excessive movement of the 6YO PIPER child HBM.Trafikolyckor är den näst vanligaste orsaken till barndödlighet i världen bland barn yngre än 15 år. Inom loppet av 10 år har användning av bilbarnstolar i fordon minskat barndödligheten med 50% hos barn under 15 år. För att få en ökad förståelse om barn i bilar framtogs finita element humanmodeller som har en detaljerad anatomi samt responser liknande till människan. Ett FP7 finansierat europeiskt projekt, PIPER, skapade en barnhumanmodell med en tillhörande programvara som används för skalning, förvandling, och positionering av barnhumanmodellen. Humanmodellen är skalbar för åldrarna 1.5 år upp till 6 år, med olika antropometriska värden. Detta gör att PIPER barnhumanmodellen är ett kraftfullt verktyg att använda sig av för att studera barn i bilar. Då PIPER barnhumanmodell lanserades nyligen, finns det i dagsläget bristfällig information om humanmodellen och programmet. Syftet var därmed att undersöka hur robust modellen var samt hur dess känslighet var mot variationer av höftbältet genom en parameterstudie. Skadors känslighet studerades dessutom mot variationer av höftbältet genom att studera kinematiken i form av underglidning och höftens interaktion med höftbältet. Dessutom studerades känsligheten på skador relaterade till skallen, levern och njurarna. I denna studie har en frontalkrock med en 6 årig PIPER barnhumanmodell med antropometriska värden, som innefattar 50:e percentilen, undersökts. Den 6åriga PIPER barnhumanmodellen var placerad utan bilbarnstol, på en Volvo bälteskudde och på en Volvo bältesstol, där höftbältet sedan varierades. Höftens interaktion och PIPER barnhumanmodellens respons för variationer i höftbälte studerades. Interaktionerna med höften och bukorganen var relaterade till skador på levern och njurarna genom att jämföra med publicerad data. Denna studie påvisade att den generella robustheten av modellen kunde ifrågasättas. Modellen hade ändock högre robusthet med hänsyn på kinematiken, men på grund av de upprepande felen vid simuleringarna, kunde man konstatera att robustheten på den 6åriga PIPER barnhumanmodellen var låg. När höftbältet varierades, både när bilbarnstol varierades såväl som vinkel på höftbälte, kunde man konstatera att den 6åriga PIPER barnhumanmodellen kunde fånga skillnaderna med hänsyn på höftbältets vinkel. Modellen var dessutom kapabel till att fånga känsligheten från det kinematiska perspektivet i form av kinematisk förskjutning, underglidningen samt höftens interaktion med höftbältet. Modellen påvisade däremot ingen distinkt känslighet med hänsyn på skador relaterade till bukorganen samt huvudet. Några begränsningar observerades där den 6åriga PIPER barnhumanmodellen indikerade orealistiska skador på huvudet, som var relaterade till modellens överrörlighet.
FFI, Assessment of Passenger Safety in Future Cars
Книги з теми "Full-body kinetic model"
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Yudaev, Vasiliy. Hydraulics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/996354.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook corresponds to the general education programs of the general courses "Hydraulics" and "Fluid Mechanics". The basic physical properties of liquids, gases, and their mixtures, including the quantum nature of viscosity in a liquid, are described; the laws of hydrostatics, their observation in natural phenomena, and their application in engineering are described. The fundamentals of the kinematics and dynamics of an incompressible fluid are given; original examples of the application of the Bernoulli equation are given. The modes of fluid motion are supplemented by the features of the transient flow mode at high local resistances. The basics of flow similarity are shown. Laminar and turbulent modes of motion in pipes are described, and the classification of flows from a creeping current to four types of hypersonic flow around the body is given. The coefficients of nonuniformity of momentum and kinetic energy for several flows of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids are calculated. Examples of solving problems of transient flows by hydraulic methods are given. Local hydraulic resistances, their use in measuring equipment and industry, hydraulic shock, polytropic flow of gas in the pipe and its outflow from the tank are considered. The characteristics of different types of pumps, their advantages and disadvantages, and ways of adjustment are described. A brief biography of the scientists mentioned in the textbook is given, and their contribution to the development of the theory of hydroaeromechanics is shown. The four appendices can be used as a reference to the main text, as well as a subject index. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions who study full-time, part-time, evening, distance learning forms of technological and mechanical specialties belonging to the group "Food Technology".
Частини книг з теми "Full-body kinetic model"
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Elkady, Mustafa, Muhammad Sheikh, and Kevin Burn. "Numerical Analysis for Vehicle Collision Mitigation and Safety Using Dynamics Control Systems." In Advances in System Dynamics and Control, 421–75. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4077-9.ch014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this chapter is to investigate the effect of vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) on both the collision of the vehicle body and the kinematic behaviour of the vehicle's occupant in case of offset frontal vehicle-to-vehicle collision. The study also investigates the full-frontal vehicle-to-barrier crash scenario. A unique 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model and a simplified lumped mass occupant model are developed. The first model is used to define the vehicle body crash parameters and it integrates a vehicle dynamics model with a vehicle front-end structure model. The second model aims to predict the effect of VDCS on the kinematics of the occupant. It is shown from the numerical simulations that the vehicle dynamics/crash response and occupant behaviour can be captured and analysed quickly and accurately. Furthermore, it is shown that the VDCS can affect the crash characteristics positively and the occupant behaviour is improved in the full and offset crash scenarios.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Full-body kinetic model"
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Grahn, Alexander, Sören Kliem, and Ulrich Rohde. "Coupling of the 3D Neutron Kinetic Core Model DYN3D With the CFD Software ANSYS CFX." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30400.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents the implementation of a coupling between the 3D neutron kinetic core model DYN3D and the commercial, general purpose computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-CFX. In the coupling approach, parts of the thermal hydraulic calculation are transferred to CFX for its better ability to simulate the three-dimensional coolant redistribution in the reactor core region. The calculation of the heat transfer from the fuel into the coolant remains with DYN3D, which incorporates well tested and validated heat transfer models for rod-type fuel elements. On the CFX side, the core region is modelled based on the porous body approach. The implementation of the code coupling is verified by comparing test case results with reference solutions of the DYN3D standalone version. Test cases cover mini and full core geometries, control rod movement and partial overcooling transients.
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Li, Yi-Chun, Steven A. Lavender, Raghu N. Natarajan, Gunnar B. J. Andersson, and Faird M. L. Amirouche. "Kinematic and Kinetic Analyses in Full-Body Asymmetric Lifting." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0440.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Biomechanical models had been used to conduct a series of lifting related experiments which were performed to understand different parameters such as asymmetry, lifting speed, load magnitude, lifting techniques, fatigue, etc. These studies were performed either in Bottom-Up or Top-Down models to predict kinematic or kinetic data in each inter-segment joint. Bureau of Labor Statistics (1995) [1] reported that in 1994, 367,424 injuries due to overexertion in lifting had 65% affected the back; 93,325 injuries due to overexertion in pushing or pulling, 52% affected the back; 68,992 injuries due to overexertion in holding, carrying, or truning, 58% affected the back; and totaled across these three categories, 47,861 disorders affected the shoulder [2]. Since lifting activities are whole body motion and each inter-segment joint cannot be treated as individual, the synchronization of all body joints should be considered during lifting tasks. Therefore the whole-body posture, kinematic, and kinetic analyses were included in this study. The whole-body posture analysis included lift duration, peak box velocity and acceleration, and the orientation of the trunk and pelvis segment; the whole-body kinematic analysis contained angular displacement, velocity, and acceleration of all body joints; and the whole-body kinetic analysis consisted of the inertial forces and inertial moment of each body segment, and the local forces and moments of each inter-segment joint.
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Beheshti, Hamid Kh, Hamid M. Lankarani, and Sivaraman Gopalan. "A Hybrid Multibody Model for Aircraft Occupant/Seat Cushion Crashworthiness Investigation." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seat cushion is in the primary load path between the seat and the occupant, and the potential for injuries to an occupant in an accident highly depends on it. The seat cushion is able to dissipate the kinetic energy due to impact in a controlled manner. Wide varieties of energy absorbing materials are used in aircraft interiors for occupant safety and ergonomic purposes. Flexible polyurethane foams are one among those used in seat cushions. Although comfort and aesthetics play an important role in the seat cushion design, safety is among the top criteria. Studies on seat cushions have demonstrated that the seat cushions generally amplify the lumbar/pelvis transmitted load to the occupant, making the seat cushion design further complicated for crashworthy design. The certification of seat cushion requires that their performance be demonstrated by dynamic full scale sled testing. Due to the high costs involved in dynamic testing, a mathematical hybrid multi-body model is developed in this study to simulate the dynamic responses of a bare iron seat, the seat cushion and the occupant represented by crash test dummy. The model is utilized to predict the lumbar load sustained when subjected to the FAR Part 23 and 25 dynamic test conditions for transport and general aviation category aircraft. The model is also used to determine the relative displacement and velocity of occupant against the seat pan. The results from the dynamic model are validated with full-scale sled tests performed at the National Institute for Aviation Research (NIAR), and hence can be utilized as a design tool for the selection of proper seat cushions.
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Tomasi, Matilde, and Alessio Artoni. "Identification of Motor Control Objectives in Human Locomotion via Multi-Objective Inverse Optimal Control." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Predictive simulations of human motion are a precious resource for a deeper understanding of the motor control policies encoded by the central nervous system. They also have profound implications for the design and control of assistive and rehabilitation devices, for ergonomics, as well as for surgical planning. However, the potential of state-of-the-art predictive approaches is not fully realized yet, making it difficult to draw convincing conclusions about the actual optimality principles underlying human walking. In the present study we propose a novel formulation of a bilevel, inverse optimal control strategy based on a full-body three-dimensional neuromusculoskeletal model. In the lower level, prediction of walking is formulated as a principled multi-objective optimal control problem based on a weighted Chebyshev metric, whereas the contributions of candidate control objectives are systematically and efficiently identified in the upper level. Our framework has proved to be effective in determining the contributions of the selected objectives and in reproducing salient features of human locomotion. Nonetheless, some deviations from the experimental kinematic and kinetic trajectories have emerged, suggesting directions for future research. The proposed framework can serve as an inverse optimal control platform for testing multiple optimality criteria, with the ultimate goal of learning the control objectives that best explain observed human motion.
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Wang, Y. G., B. Q. Wang, L. M. Yang, J. Liu, X. L. Dong, and F. H. Zhou. "Experiments and Hydrodynamic Analysis of an Adaptive Arresting Net Device for Protecting Bridge Piers Against Ship Collisions." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54707.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the accident of a vessel impacting a bridge pier will result in serious disaster, such as bridge fall, ship sink and polluting environment, the technology and method have been investigated to prevent and protect bridges from vessel collisions. An adaptive arresting net crashworthy device has been developed for protecting non-navigable channel piers against ship collisions, which consists of mooring floating boats, mooring cable and mooring anchors, adaptive floating buckets, arresting net, triggering wire rope and constant resistant force cables. When a ship impacts the adaptive arresting net crashworthy device, first the head of the adaptive floating buckets will rise due to the floating force, then the arresting net fixed on the adaptive floating buckets captures and stops the ship. Enormous kinetic energy is consumed by a series of resistant force cables failure. The present paper presents the ship collision tests at full scale and hydrodynamic analysis of the adaptive arresting net crashworthy device. The ship collision tests has been conducted 6 times by a 1200DWT ship with different speed. The ship are prevented successfully. By using multi-body dynamics and rope dynamic theory, simulation model of the adaptive arresting net crashworthy device is established by hydrodynamic analysis software ANSYS-AQWA. It is found that the numerical simulation results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results.
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Pyo, Changmin, Sungwoo Park, Namhoon Kim, Junghoon Kwon, and Kunwoo Lee. "Computer-Aided Analysis of Muscular Movement of Lower Limbs and Gait Change When Walking With Unstable Shoes." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-69033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several healthcare products have been developed and marketed in recent times as a result of people’s growing interest in personal health. Unstable shoes have been introduced to revitalize the muscles of the lower limbs and to modify the gait posture while walking. However, healthcare products for people should first be proved functional and safe, as some of those can sometimes result in severe injuries and side effects. Certification is, therefore, necessary in the case of unstable shoes. In this study, the functionality of unstable shoes was analyzed; it was proved that difference in pressure distribution resulting from the shape of the unstable shoes helps strengthen the muscles of the lower limbs. These analyses focused on the activation of the muscles by employing EMG (Electromyography). However, the approach involving EMG cannot carry out measurements on hidden muscles, and the noise involved is a source of potential error; therefore, this study utilizes the simulation software SIMM (Software for Interactive Musculoskeletal Modeling) for this purpose. We performed a biomechanical study using a full-body musculoskeletal model. Using the captured 3D motion data and ground reaction forces data, kinetic data was calculated in order to determine its influence on the adjacent segments. We captured the movements of six volunteers, all males in their twenties. The volunteers wore both unstable and normal shoes during each trial. This study focuses on the activation of muscles of the lower limbs when wearing unstable shoes. We inspected the muscles and analyzed the disparities between unstable and normal shoes. We observed from experimental results that most muscles of the lower limbs were revitalized. Further, we observed an improvement in the gait posture after unstable shoes were used for a period of 12 weeks. This analysis of inner muscles that cannot be examined by direct methods can help consumers make informed choices regarding healthcare products. Such analysis is made possible by simulation programs such as SIMM.
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Elkady, Mostafa, Ahmed Elmarakbi, and John MacIntyre. "Using an Extendable Bumper With an Aid of Vehicle Dynamics Control System to Improve the Occupant Safety in Frontal Vehicle-to-Vehicle Collision Scenario." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66523.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper aims to improve vehicle crashworthiness using vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) integrated with an extendable front-end structure (extendable bumper). The work carried out in this paper includes developing and analyzing a new vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model and a multi-body occupant mathematical model in case of vehicle-to-vehicle full frontal impact. The first model integrates a vehicle dynamics model with the vehicle’s front-end structure to define the vehicle body crash kinematic parameters. In this model, the anti-lock braking system (ABS) and the active suspension control system (ASC) are co-simulated, and its associated equations of motion are developed and solved numerically. The second model is used to capture the occupant kinematics during full frontal collision. The simulations show considerable improvements using VDCS with and without the extendable bumper (EB), which produces additional significant improvements for both vehicle body acceleration and intrusion.
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Salinas, Jose Mario, and Dumitru I. Caruntu. "Sagittal Plane Dynamic Model Using Tibiofemoral Articular Geometric Center and Experimental Tibiofemoral Center of Rotation to Predict Joint Forces During Knee Extension Exercise." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A 2-dimensional anatomical dynamic model of the patellofemoral joint was developed for investigating the forces that contribute to patellar motion during the knee extension exercise. Sagittal bone profiles were aligned to kinematic experimental data to simulate bone motion. Kinematic experimental data was collected using VICON motion analysis system. Marker coordinate data was used to set body-fixed coordinate systems on femur and tibia. These body-fixed coordinate systems were used to drive the femur and tibia geometric profiles during the knee extension exercise. Kinematic experimental data was used to calculate the relative instant center of rotation of markers on tibia with respect to femur’s body-fixed coordinate system. The instant center was then used as an alignment point for the geometric center of femur’s posterior lateral condyle. A geometric approach was implemented to predict patellar motion. The position of patella’s center of mass was assumed to be a function of the position of the tibial tuberosity and the geometric center of the femoral condyle. Newton’s second law of motion was used to calculate the force exerted by the quadriceps muscle during the knee extension exercise. The patellofemoral contact was modeled as a deformable articular surface, which was represented mathematically as the overlapping area between bone profiles. Overall, the forces calculated for the quadriceps force were greater than those observed for the patellofemoral contact. The quadriceps force displayed an increasing trend as the flexion angle decreased until reaching its maximum value of 1,920 N at full extension. On the other hand, the patellofemoral contact force displayed an increasing trend as the flexion angle decreased until reaching its maximum value of 805 N at 37° of flexion.
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Moradi, Rasoul, Shashikumar Ramamurthy, Chandrashekhar K. Thorbole, Prasannakumar S. Bhonge, and Hamid M. Lankarani. "Kinematic Analysis of a Motorcyclist Impact on Concrete Barriers Under Different Road Conditions." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37461.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In many countries, motorcycle crashes constitutes a significant proportion of road crash injuries. Several roadside guard systems such as concrete barriers, wire road barriers and steel guard rails are used to protect cars or heavy trucks occupants, yet motorcycle riders are vulnerable to these barriers and guard systems, resulting in major injuries. The road and climatic conditions also have a major impact on motorcyclists’ accidents. The safety measures can be successful only if more attention is devoted to this issue. The aim of this study is to understand the most influential factors causing motorcycle accidents. For this, a multi-body motorcycle model with a Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy rider is developed under normal road condition in the MADYMO 6.3. The motorcycle model as well as the motorcycle and rider model has been validated using full scale crash test of a motorcycle with a rider available in a literature. Motorcycle kinematics, rider kinematics and the rider injury criteria are validated with the test results. The simulations results are found to be in a reasonable agreement with the experimental data. A parametric study is then conducted to investigate the nature of crash injuries for various impact speeds, different impact angles and for normal and icy road conditions to assess rider kinematics and potential injuries. The results from this study can help in designing road barriers and guard systems in order to protect the occupants of cars and motorcycles. The results from the parametric study indicate a significant difference on the motorcycle and rider kinematics when compared the icy road conditions to normal road conditions. It is also observed that the head injury risk is the major mode of injury in motorcycle accident.
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Guo, Zhongheng, Lingyu Sun, Taikun Wang, Junmin Du, Han Li, and Yi Cheng. "Scaling Effect on Dynamic Impact Response of Structures in Fluid Fields." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62931.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At the conceptual design phase of a large-scale underwater structure, a small-scale model in a water tank is often used for the experimental verification of kinematic principles and structural safety. However, a general scaling law for structure-fluid interaction (FSI) problems has not been established. In the present paper, the scaling laws for three typical FSI problems under the water, rigid body moves at a given kinematic equation or is driven by time-dependent fluids with given initial condition, as well as elastic-plastic body moves and then deforms subject to underwater impact loads, are investigated, respectively. First, the power laws for these three types of FSI problems were derived by dimensional analysis method. Then, the laws for the first two types were verified by numerical simulation. In addition, a multipurpose small-scale water sink test device was developed for numerical model updating. For the third type of problem, the dimensional analysis is no longer suitable due to its limitation on identifying the fluid pressure and structural stress, a simulation-based procedure for dynamics evaluation of large-scale structure was provided. The results show that, for some complex FSI problems, if small-scale prototype is tested safely, it doesn’t mean the full-scale product is also safe if both their pressure and stress are the main concerns, it needs further demonstration, at least by numerical simulation.