Дисертації з теми "Fuels and energy resources"
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Ivanytskyi, Maksym, and Максим Сергійович Іваницький. "Alternative energy from human heat." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50342.
Повний текст джерелаThere are many types of energy in the world that make up electricity, such as chemical, thermal, mechanical, nuclear and many others. The speciality of all types of energy are that they must have a source from which resources are fixed for the formation of an electric flow of energy. And that's a big problem. They depend on, so to speak, the source of certain energy - coal, water, nuclear fuel and so on. There is also a problem at the time that those resources are becoming scarce and people are starting to turn to alternative energy sources.
У світі існує багато видів енергії, з яких складається електрика, наприклад хімічні, термічні, механічні, ядерні та багато інших. Спеціальність усіх видів енергія полягає в тому, що вони повинні мати джерело, з якого закріплюються ресурси утворення електричного потоку енергії. І це велика проблема. Вони залежать від, отже так би мовити, джерело певної енергії - вугілля, вода, ядерне паливо тощо. є також проблема в той час, коли цих ресурсів стає дефіцитним, а людей починаючи звертатися до альтернативних джерел енергії.
Gaslac, Lucero, Sebastian Willis, Grimaldo Quispe, and Carlos Raymundo. "A hybrid energy system based on renewable energy for the electrification of low-income rural communities." Institute of Physics Publishing, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624632.
Повний текст джерелаRevisión por pares
Mahlati, Andile. "Evaluating current energy management strategy : case study of an automotive manufacturer in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1017152.
Повний текст джерелаSällh, David. "Future North Sea oil production and its implications for Swedish oil supply regarding the transport sector : -A study on energy security and sustainability of future strategic resources." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Globala energisystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-187538.
Повний текст джерелаSanga, Godfrey Alois. "Avaliação de impactos de tecnologias limpas e substituição de combustiveis para cocção em residencias urbanas na Tanzania." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264905.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar quantitativamente os impactos de melhoria de eficiência e de substituição de combustíveis para cocção na cidade de Dar es Salaam, na Tanzânia. Neste trabalho foi realizada uma pesquisa, enfocando os países em desenvolvimento, sobre energia para cocção e as características que definem a energia limpa, baseado nos recomendados padrões de eficiência e de emissão de gases poluentes e substâncias particuladas. Discute-se, também os mecanismos de promoção e popularização das tecnologias eficientes e dos combustíveis limpos. E seguidamente, o trabalho apresenta uma análise comparativa entre a melhoria de eficiência e a substituição de combustíveis em relação à demanda de energia para cocção, poluição do ar em ambientes fechados, emissão de gases de efeito estufa e custos. Espera-se que este trabalho seja útil na formação de políticas para melhorar a oferta de energia para cocção em Dar es Salaam como também para reduzir o desmatamento, poluição do ar em ambientes fechados e a emissão de gases de efeito estufa provenientes de uso de combustíveis tradicionais na Tanzânia
Abstract: The objective of this study is to verify quantitatively the impacts of energy efficiency improvements and cooking fuels substitution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The analysis focuses on developing countries and entails infonnation on access to cooking fuels, technologies and characteristics which defme a clean cooking 'energy based on the recommended efficiency and emissions standards. It also analyses various promotion and dissemination mechanisms for different energy efficient technologies and clean cooking fuels. Finally, the study presents a comparative analysis of energy efficiency improvement and fuel substitution in terms of cooking energy demand, indoor air pollution, emission of green house gases and costs. It is hoped that this work will be useful in policy fonnulation to improve energy supply in Dar es Salaam as well as in reducing tree depletion, indoor air pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases from the use of charcoal in Tanzania
Mestrado
Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
Olson, John C. "Structural Shifts in Agricultural Markets Caused by Government Mandates: Ethanol and the Renewable Fuels Standard." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/279.
Повний текст джерелаVacek, Tomáš. "Posouzení možnosti připojení kogenerační výrobny 138 MW v Prostějově." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219083.
Повний текст джерелаDemianchuk, O., and A. Chaikivska. "Energy efficiency and the economic crisis." Thesis, SumyState University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45288.
Повний текст джерелаLagerberg, Charlotte. "Emergy analysis of the resource use in greenhouse crop production and of the resource basis of the Swedish economy /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5742-4.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаМоскальчук, Ю. Г. "Забезпечення енергетичної безпеки підприємства в умовах кризи". Thesis, ВНТУ, 2018. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua//handle/123456789/21205.
Повний текст джерелаThe issues of energy security of the enterprise are considered. Diagnostics of threats in the energy sector was conducted. Provision of promising measures to achieve the energy stability of the enterprise.
Howe, Daniel Trusler. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy of Nafion®-117 Proton Exchange Polymer Membranes." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/howe/HoweD1204.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаКараєва, Н. В. "Організаційно-правові засади формування енергетичної політики". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12759.
Повний текст джерелаRoy, Michael Joseph. "Hydrodeoxygenation of lignin model compounds via thermal catalytic reactions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45752.
Повний текст джерелаLovatel, Eduardo Ribeiro. "Produção de hidrogênio através da digestão anaeróbia de glicerol e vinhoto utilizando culturas mistas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1763.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES.
The fuel use increase in a global scale have caused rising energy demand, whether it's renewable or not. Since our energy matrix is still based on fossil fuels, it also means an increase in the environmental impact caused by burning sources derived from oil and coal. In this context, hydrogen is highlighted, as a gas that could play a significant role in the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and clean energy production, since hydrogen synthesis can be performed from organic waste using the anaerobic digestion process. At the national level, two residues stand out: glycerol and sugarcane vinasse. The first is the main by-product of the biodiesel industry, the second is the main residue of the sugar and ethanol industry. Thus, this research focused on establishing the best influence parameters in the hydrogen production process using vinasse and glycerol in batch mode operation reactors. It was concluded that the production of hydrogen only using vinasse had better results using pH 6.0 and pH 6.5, and the first study obtained higher accumulated total production (7,585 mL H2) and the second obtained a higher specific production rate (0.88 mmol H2.gSSV-1.h-1). The studies with mixture of the substrates shown that H2 production can be even more efficient in comparison with crude vinasse, and the best mixing ratio was with 80% of COD due to glycerol and 20% to vinhoto, in which there was total accumulated production 10.070 mL H2 and 0.85 mmol H2.gSSV-1.h-1.
Moore, Paul 1962. "The Analysis of PCDD and PCDF Emissions from the Cofiring of Densified Refuse Derived Fuel and Coal." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330690/.
Повний текст джерелаJonathan, Norris Allen. "Transitioning Central Appalachia: Understanding Framework Conditions Supporting the Adaptation to New Energy Economies." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1524242893014265.
Повний текст джерелаKandala, Hiranmayee. "The Study of Variations in the Properties of Biodiesel on Addition of Antioxidants." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/93.
Повний текст джерелаDell, Twyla J. "Flame, Furnace, Fuel: Creating Kansas City in the Nineteenth Century." [Yellow Springs, Ohio] : Antioch University, 2009. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=antioch1241120988.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed July 9, 2009). Advisor: Alesia Maltz, Ph. D. "A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Environmental Studies at Antioch University New England, 2009"--The title page. Includes bibliographical references (p. 466-487).
Прокоф'єва, Г. М., А. С. Сеннік, Н. В. Книш та В. В. Петрова. "Інтенсифікація використання паливно-енергетичних ресурсів при експлуатації компресорної техніки". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/66517.
Повний текст джерелаБорисенко, О. С., Сергій Олександрович Хованський, Сергей Александрович Хованский та Serhii Oleksandrovych Khovanskyi. "Нормування питомих витрат паливно-енергетичних ресурсів машинобудівного підприємства". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/39857.
Повний текст джерелаXu, Chen. "Hybrid cell for harvesting multiple-type energies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44782.
Повний текст джерелаКосяненко, Н. Н. "Energy resources." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17481.
Повний текст джерелаBalfoussias, S. S. "Problems in modelling industrial demand for fuels." Thesis, University of York, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372766.
Повний текст джерелаJenkins, Rhodri. "Renewable liquid transport fuels from microbes and waste resources." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655722.
Повний текст джерелаWeiland, Daniel Albert. "Rooftop pv impacts on fossil fuel electricity generation and co2 emissions in the pacific northwest." Thesis, Portland State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1547603.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis estimates the impacts of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) capacity on electricity generation and CO2 emissions in America's Pacific Northwest. The region's demand for electricity is increasing at the same time that it is attempting to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. The electricity generated by rooftop PV capacity is expected to displace electricity from fossil fueled electricity generators and reduce CO2 emissions, but when and how much? And how can this region maximize and focus the impacts of additional rooftop PV capacity on CO2 emissions? To answer these questions, an hourly urban rooftop PV generation profile for 2009 was created from estimates of regional rooftop PV capacity and solar resource data. That profile was compared with the region's hourly fossil fuel generation profile for 2009 to determine how much urban rooftop PV generation reduced annual fossil fuel electricity generation and CO2 emissions. Those reductions were then projected for a range of additional multiples of rooftop PV capacity. The conclusions indicate that additional rooftop PV capacity in the region primarily displaces electricity from natural gas generators, and shows that the timing of rooftop PV generation corresponds with the use of fossil fuel generators. Each additional Wp/ capita of rooftop PV capacity reduces CO2 emissions by 9,600 to 7,300 tons/ year. The final discussion proposes some methods to maximize and focus rooftop PV impacts on CO2 emissions, and also suggests some questions for further research.
Haney, Paul E. "Corn stalk as a bioenergy resource /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115551.
Повний текст джерелаCarvalho, Lara. "Small-scale combustion of agricultural biomass fuels." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18748.
Повний текст джерелаGodkänd; 2012; 20121113 (joakim); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämne: Energiteknik/Energy Engineering Examinator: Professor Marcus Öhman, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Ph.D, Ass. Senior Lecturer Markus Broström, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, Umeå universitet Tid: Tisdag den 18 december 2012 kl 10.00 Plats: E246, Luleå tekniska universitet
Griffin, Greggory A. "Ashes to Ashes: Identifying archaeological fuels." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17453.
Повний текст джерелаDou, Chang. "Cooking fuels in China : contaminant emission and energy aspects." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11996.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Kevin Braun. "Hydrogen infrastructure: resource evaluation and capacity modeling." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Martin_09007dcc8071f0b7.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed December 15, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-80).
Nikonov, M. "Energy resources: wave power." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62834.
Повний текст джерелаЗапухляк, І. Б. "Економічний механізм енергозбереження газотранспортних підприємств". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2010. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4367.
Повний текст джерелаДиссертация посвящена исследованию теоретических основ формирования и функционирования экономического механизма энергосбережения, а также разработке практических рекомендаций его усовершенствования и повышения эффективности функционирования на отечественных газотранспортных предприятиях. В работе развито теоретические подходы к определению сущности экономического механизма энергосбережения на микроуровне и его составляемых, предложено методические основы оценки эффективности его функционирования. В работе обосновано важную роль энергосбережения в активизации факторов развития отечественных газотранспортных предприятий, а также определено основные позитивные результаты, которых можно достигнуть реализацией энергосберегающих мероприятий. Определены основные элементы экономического механизма энергосбережения предприятия как органической составляющей механизма управления предприятием с целью интегрированного решения проблем рационального использования топливо-энергетических ресурсов с проблемами эффективного управления отечественных газотранспортных предприятий. В процессе исследования экономического механизма энергосбережения усовершенствовано понятие потенциала энергосбережения предприятия, который рассматривается как материальная основа повышения эффективности функционирования механизма. На основании моделирования и прогнозирования использования топлива и энергии в процессе транспортировки природного газа оценено условия формирования и действия экономического механизма энергосбережения газотранспортных предприятий. Усовершенствована классификация факторов формирования экономического механизма энергосбережения газотранспортных предприятий исходя с меры их влияния на энергоемкость транспортирования природного газа. В диссертации рассмотрены основные элементы процесса управления энергосбережением на газотранспортных предприятиях: оценка эффективности функционирования экономического механизма энергосбережения, определение резервов энергосбережения, планирование энергосберегающей деятельности, организация энергосберегающих мероприятий, мотивирование рационального использования топливо-энергетических ресурсов, контроль достигнутых результатов, регулирование и координация энергосберегающей деятельности. Разработано методический подход к оценке эффективности функционирования экономического механизма энергосбережения на отечественных газотранспортных предприятиях в трех направлениях: оценка уровня использования потенциала энергосбережения газотранспортного предприятия (технико-технологической, управленческой, кадровой и финансовой составляемых); обоснование выбора и расчет показателей, которые характеризуют итоги деятельности газотранспортных; определение интегрированного показателя эффективности функционирования экономического механизма энергосбережения как составление эффектов энергосбережения и издержек на управление и реализацию энергосберегающих мероприятий. Обосновано взаимосвязь экономических стимулов рационального использования топлива и энергии на газотранспортных предприятиях и размера их экономии, что дает возможность эффективно использовать мотивационную составляемую экономического механизма энергосбережения. Определено, что повышение таких стимулов, как премии за экономию топливо-энергетических ресурсов, изобретательство и рационализаторство, за разъездной характер работ приведёт к увеличению экономии томливо-энергетических ресурсов в процессе транспортирования природного газа.
The thesis is dedicated to the development of theoretical principles in forming and functioning of economical mechanism for energy conservation at gas-transportation enterprises. The thesis develops theoretical principles concerning economical mechanism for energy conservation of an enterprise and its structure and offers methological approach regarded for estimation of its the efficient functioning at domestic gas transportation enterprises. The approach to the process of energy consumption management at national gas transportation enterprises was proved. The diagnostics of energy consumption as a prerequisite in improvement of energy conservation economical mechanism at natural gas transportation enterprises was conducted. The efficiency of energy conservation economical mechanisms functioning at gas transportation enterprises was evaluated and was introduced its increase on the basic of effective use of incentives for rational application of fuel and energy resources and instruments of energy conservation regulation.
Пономаренко, Марина Сергіївна. "Analysis of Ukraine’s prospects for fossil fuels phase out." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/49654.
Повний текст джерелаObject of research – fossil fuels use for energy generation. Subject of research – transition from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources. Aim оf work – the aim of the work is the assessment of the structure of modern energy supply and future prospects & opportunities for Ukraine to become energy independent in the gradual abandonment of fossil fuels, and its replacement by more ecologically friendly and renewable sources. Methods of research: analysis, data comparison, statistical data processing.
Пономаренко, Марина Сергіївна. "Analysis of Ukraine’s prospects for fossil fuels phase out." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43590.
Повний текст джерелаObject of research – fossil fuels use for energy generation. Subject of research – transition from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources. Aim оf work – the aim of the work is the assessment of the structure of modern energy supply and future prospects & opportunities for Ukraine to become energy independent in the gradual abandonment of fossil fuels, and its replacement by more ecologically friendly and renewable sources. Methods of research: analysis, data comparison, statistical data processing.
Niemeyer, Kyle Evan. "Skeletal Mechanism Generation for Surrogate Fuels." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1259018155.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from PDF (viewed on 2010-01-28) Department of EMC - Aerospace Engineering Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
Gül, Timur. "An energy-economic scenario analysis of alternative fuels for transport /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17888.
Повний текст джерелаHussin, Ahmed Mohamed Taher Alaa Eldein. "New and renewable energy: renewable fuels in internal combustion engines." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590482.
Повний текст джерелаWallace, Scott J. "Diesel Engine Energy Balance Study Operating on Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1212586902.
Повний текст джерелаSani, Hassan Abubakar. "Management of distributed energy resources in energy systems." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100111/.
Повний текст джерелаJansson, Rickard. "An Assessment of Biofuels and Synthetic Fuels as Substitutions of Conventional Diesel and Jet Fuels." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11138.
Повний текст джерелаToday, a majority of the world’s energy need is supplied through sources that are finite and, at the current usage rates, will be consumed shortly. The high energy demand and pollution problems caused by the widespread use of fossil fuels make it increasingly necessary to develop renewable energy sources of limitless duration with smaller environmental impact than the traditional energy sources.
Three fuels – rapeseed methyl ester (RME), Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel and FT jet fuel – derived from biomass, coal or gas were evaluated in this project. The fuel properties evaluated are in most cases listed in standards, often with recommendations, developed for biodiesel, petroleum diesel and jet fuel.
Biodiesel is monoalkyl esters, e.g. RME, produced by transesterification of triglycerides in vegetable oil and an alcohol to esters and glycerin. This produce a fuel that is suitable as a direct substitution for petroleum diesel. Biodiesel may be used in pure form or in a blend with petrodiesel. Oxidative degradation and weak low temperature performance of biodiesel are properties of concern when substituting petrodiesel with biodiesel, as was shown in this project. The experiments show that oxidative stability can be improved with a synthetic antioxidant, e.g. butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
The FT process converts syngas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) to a range of hydrocarbons. Syngas can be generated from a variety of carbon sources, e.g. coal, natural gas and biomass. The high-temperature (300-350 °C) FT process with iron-based catalysts is used for the production of gasoline and linear low molecular mass olefins (alkenes). The lowtemperature (200-240 °C) FT process with either iron or cobalt catalysts is used for the production of high molecular mass linear waxes. By applying various downstream processes, fuels suitable for substitution of petrodiesel and conventional jet fuel can be obtained. The FT fuels have lower densities than the conventional fuels. However, conclusions from this project are that most of the properties of FT fuels are better, or equal, than conventional petroleum fuels.
Zhang, Taoju. "Possibilities of Alternative Vehicle Fuels : a literature review." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19896.
Повний текст джерелаWaller, Mary Kate, and University of Cape Town Dept of Energy and Development Studies. "Challenges facing the wind energy industry in South Africa : lessons learned from international experience in promoting wind energy." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18207.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Growing concerns regarding climate change, energy security, long-term carbon price exposure, fuel-price risk and fossil fuel depletion have continued to drive growth in wind energy globally over the past decade. In spite of South Africa’s renewable energy target and feed-in tariff for renewable energy, the current deployment of wind energy in South Africa is extremely low. Consequently, as the country embarks upon promoting the development of renewable energy, it is important to consider the challenges facing the wind energy industry in South Africa.
Sponsored by the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies
Benedetto, Michael V. "A possible solution for the U.S. Navy's addiction to petroleum : a business case analysis for transitioning the U. S. Navy from petroleum to synthetic fuel resources /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FBenedetto.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThesis Advisor(s): Daniel A. Nussbaum. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-99). Also available in print.
Gill, J. S. "Traditional fuels and cooking stoves in developing countries : a technical, social and environmental assessment." Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355644.
Повний текст джерелаMonoson, Ted. "Implications of a renewable fuels standard." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8405.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen M. Featherstone
During the past 10 years, ethanol production in the United States has grown exponentially. From 2000 to 2009 U.S. ethanol production increased from 1.6 billion gallons annually to 10.8 billion gallons annually. In 2010, U.S ethanol production increased by 23 percent from 2009 to 13.23 billion gallons. The increase in ethanol production was due to lawmakers reacting to skyrocketing oil prices by implementing a Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) in 2005 and expanding the RFS in 2007. The RFS requires the use of specified amounts of biofuels, such as ethanol, through the year 2022. The creation of the RFS represented a step beyond lawmakers’ usual policy of using the tax code to promote ethanol production. There is a long history of encouraging ethanol production by using the tax code, but the implementation of a biofuels mandate is new and therefore there is not a great deal of research on the effects of such a policy. This study analyzes U.S. oil, unleaded gasoline, corn and ethanol prices dating back to 1985 to determine the impact that the RFS has had on corn prices. The key question answered is whether the creation and expansion of the RFS has brought the instability of the oil market into the corn market. The prices that an ethanol plant in western Kansas paid for the grain it used to produce ethanol and the price that the plant received for the ethanol that it produced are also analyzed. The plant began operation in January 2004, so it is possible to analyze the grain and ethanol prices both before and after the implementation and expansion of the RFS. To study the impact of the RFS creation and expansion, the prices were analyzed to see if there was an increase in the correlation after the creation and expansion of the RFS. Regression analysis of the national corn prices and the prices that Western Plains Energy paid for the grain that it used to produce ethanol; and regression analysis of the national price of ethanol and the price that Western Plains Energy sold its ethanol for were also used to study the impact of the RFS. Finally, the vector autoregression (VAR) model is used to analyze the dynamic relationships between the variables in the system: corn price, oil price, ethanol price and unleaded gasoline price. The analysis of the correlation reveals that both at the national and plant level grain and oil prices track much more closely together after the creation and then expansion of the RFS. The VAR reveals that there is some relationship between corn and oil prices contemporaneously. The correlation matrix of residuals reveals that there is not a strong correlation between national corn and oil prices. The results suggest the need for greater research in this area. The creation and expansion of the RFS represented a step into uncharted territory and the consequences are still not known.
Katebi, Daniel, and Carlsson Olle Hoffman. "A comparative study on the prospects of sustainable aviation fuels in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278215.
Повний текст джерелаFlygplansindustrin behöver röra sig mot en mer hållbar framtid för att nå Europeiska Unionens klimatmål (att nå en klimatneutral ekonomi senast 2050), och under de senaste åren har intresset för hållbara flygplansbränslen ökat markant. I denna rapport sammanställde och jämförde vi olika produktionsvägar och råmaterial utifrån ekonomiskt-, tekniskt- och klimatperspektiv för långsiktig implementation. En litteraturstudie utfördes för att samla information om hållbara flygplansbränslen. Det finns ett flertal sätt att producera hållbara flygplansbränslen och denna rapport jämför tre olika produktionsvägar: Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), hydrotermisk förvätskning (HTL) och elektrobränslen. Av dessa har enbart HEFA godkänts för användning som flygbränsle (april 2020). Rapporten jämförde även tre olika råmaterial: biomassa från skogen, matlagningsolja samt matavfall ur ett svenskt perspektiv. Jämförelsen utfördes med en Pugh-matris som var baserad på: minskning i växthusgasutsläpp, teknisk mognadsgrad (hur långt i utvecklingen har produktionsväggen kommit), kostnaden för bränslet, effektivitet och potentiell bränslemängd (hur stor del av svenska jetbränslekonsumtionen kan vardera produktionsväg täcka). För att sätta jämförelsen i ett långsiktigt perspektiv vägdes jämförelseparameterna till: potentiell bränslemängd - 30%, minskning i växthusgasutsläpp - 30%, pris – 20%, avkastning – 10% och bränslet mognadsgrad – 10% av total 100 poäng. Studien fann att HTL med biomassa från skogen är lämpligast för en långsiktig implementation, på grund av dess höga potentiella bränslemängd samt ett lågt pris. Om priset för elektrobränslen kan minska genom till exempel statliga subventioner är även det ett intressant alternativ framförallt på grund av väldigt låga växthusgasutsläpp.
Schriefer, Timothy. "The viability of a thermoelectric fuel conditioning system for a diesel engine utilizing biodiesel /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/7508.
Повний текст джерелаSukhtankar, Samir A. "Thermochemical conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418068.
Повний текст джерелаPerez, David C. "U.S.-China competition for energy resources." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FPerez.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThesis Advisor(s): Lawson, Letitia ; Miller, Alice. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: U.S.-CHINA Competition, energy resources, economic interdependence, Africa. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-53). Also available in print.
Amini, Mahraz. "Optimal dispatch of uncertain energy resources." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1046.
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